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1.3 billion tons of the food produced for human consumption is wasted in the food supply chain as a result of a number of issues. A high proportion of food waste occurs during consumption, primarily influenced by consumer behavior. In Semarang City, Black Soldier Fly, incineration, and composting are alternatives to food waste management. This research aims to analyze alternative food waste management methods that yield reusable resources and materials because currently unknown which method has the smallest environmental impact. Life Cycle Assessment method can be used to examine the environmental impact of the food waste management system from every phase 1 ton food waste analyze. BSF has proven superior to composting, incineration and landfilling methods in analyzes of potential environmental impacts that reduce 90% environmental impact. Landfills cover a large area and the effect of global warming is significant until of 1.704E+03 CO2-eq, this issue needs more attention in the management of the generated CH4. Incineration needs to make advances in the method such as producing new resources and emissions so that can be reused because incineration impact eutrophication potential until 2.438E+00 . For reasons environmental concerns, efficient food waste management is crucial to realizing the Sustainable Development Goals.

The presence of microplastic pollution in coastal areas has garnered attention due to its detrimental impact on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, our objective was to identify and characterize microplastics in the Banger River area of Pekalongan City, which is known for its numerous industrial activities, particularly batik small-medium industries. The extraction process involved filtration, drying, wet peroxide oxidation, density separation using NaI, and identification of microplastic particles. The shape, color, and size of the particles were characterized using a stereo microscope, while Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometer and the hot needle method were employed for chemical structure analysis. Given that rivers serve as primary conduits for waste transport from land to sea, we conducted sampling at different times of the day. Our findings revealed an average of 0.61 ± 0.47 particles/m3 in the morning, 0.59 ± 0.67 particles/m3 in the afternoon, and 0.10 ± 0.02 particles/m3 in the evening. Among the microplastic polymers analyzed, we successfully identified polypropylene as one of the two predominant types. To establish a baseline for mitigating the release of plastic waste and microplastic residues into the environment, long-term monitoring is essential to evaluate the flow of plastic waste and microplastics from Indonesian rivers to the oceans.

Garang River is administratively located in Semarang Regency, Kendal Regency, and Semarang City. Population growth and the number of community activities around the river can affect the water quality of the Garang River. Wastewater discharged into the Garang River will reduce water quality. The number of pollutants that enter the river changes the quality of river water until it reaches a pollutant level that exceeds the quality standard. The purpose of this study was to determine the self-purification ability of the Garang River using the Streeter-Phelps method based on DO and BOD parameters to obtain an oxygen sag curve for oxygen reduction. There are 3 monitoring stations that are located in the upstream segment of the Garang River. The value of the deoxygenation constant (K) in segment 1 is around 0.340, the reaeration constant (R) is 3.433, and the value of fs = 10.103. While in segment 2. the value of K is 0.335, R is 3.417, and fs is 10.194. It is revealed that segment 1 and segment 2 of the Garang River have not yet experienced optimal natural purification because they are still in the degradation zone.

This study aims to examine the performance of fly ash mixed materials with bentonite binder (FAB) as a recent low-cost containment system to withstand leachate infiltration. The mixture of fly ash with clay (bentonite) may potentially utilized as semi-permeable liner with low permeability and promising stability. Direct shear, permeability testing, Atterberg limit and specific gravity test have been conducted as a preliminary study to determine the precise mixture composition of fly ash-bentonite (FAB) intended for landfill liners. Some mixtures that consist of fly ash with the following bentonite addition: 0% (FAB0), 15% (FAB15), 20% (FAB20), and 25% (FAB25) generate internal friction angle of 42º, 39º, 20º and 19º respectively. The results indicate that the more addition of bentonite into fly ash will reduce shear stress of the mixture while lowering the permeability value. In addition, fly ash containing 25% of bentonite that cured with saline solution (FAB25c) was tested to investigate the effect of salt into fly ash-bentonite mixture. Curing with saline solution tends to reduce shear strength of the FAB mixture. The slope simulation presents that the addition of bentonite will increase bonding between particles, bearing capacity, and shear strength of the material. The largest safety factor of 1.674 obtained from FAB20 material meets the safety standard for short-term slope stability. Fly ash containing 25% of bentonite is expected to be an alternative landfill liner material.

Mikroorganisme merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam proses Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) untuk degradasi bahan organik dan transfer elektron. Pemilihan sumber mikroorganisme menjadi metode yang paling sederhana untuk dikaji sebagai informasi awal ketersediaan dan identifikasi jenis mikroorganisme yang mendukung proses SMFC. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memilih sumber mikroorganisme tanah, septic tank dan sedimen sungai yang tepat digunakan dalam proses SMFC berdasarkan jenis dan volume sampah, power density, dan efisiensi penurunan COD. Kajian ini didasarkan pada hasil penelitian menggunakan reaktor SMFC tipe single chamber microbial fuel cell dengan variabel jenis dan volume sampah , serta sumber mikroorganisme. Metode perbandingan secara kuantitatif dilakukan berdasarkan kecenderungan nilai power density dan efisiensi penurunan COD tertinggi di antara jenis dan volume sampah kantin, dedaunan dan komposit kantin-dedaunan. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah sumber mikroorganisme tanah dan sedimen sungai tepat digunakan untuk volume sampah 1/3 dan 2/3 dari volume reaktor, sedangkan sumber mikroorganisme septic tank tepat digunakan untuk volume sampah 1/3 dan 1/2 dari volume reaktor. Sumber mikroorganisme dari septic tank menunjukkan kinerja power density dan efisiensi penurunan COD yang lebih rendah dibandingkan sumber mikroorganisme tanah dan sedimen sungai.

Kegiatan pengelolaan sampah dapat melepaskan gas rumah kaca (GRK) ke atmosfer dan mengintensifkan iklim global. Pengomposan adalah proses komponen aerobik karbon degradable organik dalam limbah diubah menjadi karbon dioksida. Menggabungkan pra-kompos dan vermicomposting berpotensi menimbulkan emisi amonia dan gas rumah kaca. Desain percobaan dilakukan dengan memberikan fermentasi kotoran kambing dalam vermicomposting sampah organik dengan jumlah yang berbeda untuk mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi kotoran kambing terhadap emisi gas CO2, CH4, N2O saat kematangan kompos. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan 4 kombinasi yaitu kombinasi pertama 80% sampah organik, 20% kotoran kambing; kombinasi kedua yaitu 80% sampah organik, 20% kotoran kambing, 100 mL Aspergilus niger; kombinasi ketiga yaitu 60% sampah organik, 40% kotoran kambing; dan kombinasi keempat yaitu 60% sampah organik, 40% kotoran kambing, 100 mL Aspergilus niger. Kriteria pengujian yang digunakan adalah pengujian emisi gas CO2, CH4, N2O di akhir kematangan kompos. Dengan adanya penambahan kotoran kambing, semakin banyak kotoran kambing ditambahkan emisi gas CO2, CH4 dan N2O semakin banyak. Sedangkan dengan ditambahkan Aspergillus niger, proses fermentasi semakin cepat dalam menghasilkan emisi gas CO2, CH4 dan N2O.