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Geastrum is the largest genus of Geastraceae and is widely distributed all over the world. Four specimens which belong to Geastrum were collected during our scientific expedition to Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan, China. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a new species was introduced.Geastrum suae is characterised by its large basidiomata (height 35–70 mm, diameter 18–37 mm) with long stipe (height 10–45 mm), smooth pink exoperidium and sessile globose endoperidial body. Phylogenetic analysis has been carried out, based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (nrLSU) sequence data. The illustration and description for the new taxa are provided.

A new species, Collybiopsis pakistanica, from Margalla Hills National Park, Pakistan, is described based on micro‐morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. This species is characterized by its milky white pileus, yellowish orange or light yellow to orange at central disc and margins, lacrymoid basidiospores, cheilocystidia with median construction, and broadly utriform and clavate to narrowly utriform pleurocystidia and epithelioid hymeniderm pileipellis. Its placement as a new taxon of Collybiopsis is confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of ITS and nrLSU sequences. Two new combinations, Collybiopsis ugandensis and Collybiopsis pleurocystidiata are also proposed as these species are transferred from Gymnopus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycopan is a genus established for Hydropus scabripes by Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys (in Redhead 2013). They considered the genus to be distinct based on morphology and the phylogenetic analysis by Moncalvo et al. (2002) which included a sequence of Hydropus scabripes (AF042635, DAOM 192847) unrelated to the type species of Hydropus (H. fuliginarius). Subsequent sequences of material identified as Hydropus scabripes are not conspecific with the sequence of DAOM 192847. We consider this sequence (obtained from a mycelium culture) to be misidentified. We investigated the true phylogenetic position of authentic Mycopan including genera previously included in Cyphellaceae and Porotheleaceae. Sixteen collections of M. scabripes from Europe and North America were studied on morphological and molecular basis (nrITS and nrLSU sequences). No sequences were obtained from the holotype of Mycopan scabripes, and we designate an epitype to fix the interpretation of this species and the genus Mycopan. Mycopan is maintained as a good genus nested within Cyphellaceae as sister to the mycenoid genus Atheniella. The misidentified Hydropus scabripes AF042635 (DAOM 192847) represents a different species that is closely related to the holotype (and a new Italian collection) of Hebelomina microspora and the monospecific genus Pleurella described from New Zealand. Consequently, Hebelomina microspora is transferred to the emended genus Pleurella, which is sister to Baeospora within the Cyphellaceae. Additionally, based on these phylogenetic results, an updated taxonomic arrangement of Cyphellaceae and Porotheleaceae is proposed, emphasizing once again the polyphyletic nature of Hydropus and Gerronema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocyphelium triseptatum is newly recorded from Asia. The species was previously known only from South America and Africa. It was collected from the bark of a broadleaf tree at 35 m elevation in the Tanintharyi Region of southern Myanmar. An unidentified substance was newly detected for this species by thin layer chromatography (TLC). This study demonstrates the phylogenetic position of H. triseptatum in the Lecanographaceae using Bayesian and RAxML analyses of mtSSU and nrLSU sequence data. The close relationship with H. leucampyx within the Heterocyphelium clade was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Amanita pseudorufobrunnescens is described as a new species in the subgenus Amanitina section Amidella of family Amanitaceae from north-western Himalaya, India. Distinct morphological characters, odour and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrLSU) data revealed that the present species differs from other members of sect. Amidella. This species is characterised by its whitish basidiomata that turn brownish orange with age, its whitish to cinnamon brown, floccose to radially fibrillose universal veil remnants on the pileus, its close lamellae becoming brownish orange on exposure, its elongate basidiospores and its association with Quercus oblongata (syn. Q. leucotrichophora). A detailed morphological description, line drawings, colour photographs and Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic placement of the new species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomy and phylogeny of the hydropoid clade (genera Clitocybula s.l., Megacollybia , Leucoinocybe gen. nov., Hydropus , Trogia , Gerronema , Porotheleum and Lignomphalia gen. nov.) in Europe is studied using morphological and molecular approaches; the first three genera in detail including all known European species. Only two European species remain in Clitocybula s.str., Clitocybula lacerata and Clitocybula familia. The European C. lacerata is a species complex which should be treated as C. lacerata agg. at the current state of knowledge. A neotype originating from type area was designated to fix the application of the name. The presence of American species Clitocybula abundans in Europe is insufficiently proved. " Clitocybula dryadicola ˮ belongs to the genus Hydropus , and Clitocybula tilieti has an unclear systematic position. The results showed that Megacollybia and Leucoinocybe represent independent genera separated from Clitocybula. The genus Leucoinocybe is validly published with two European species, Leucoinocybe lenta and Leucoinocybe taniae. " Clitocybula flavoaurantia " proved to be conspecific with the latter species. The genus Lignomphalia is published for " Pseudoomphalina lignicola ", a lignicolous omphalinoid species. The Indian " Clitocybula sulcata " is transferred to Leucoinocybe and " Clitocybula atrialba " to Gerronema. The first European records of Megacollybia marginata are published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amanita tullossiana, a new species of Amanita [subgenus Lepidella] section Lepidella from India is described. The species is characterised by its ash grey to brownish-grey pileus covered with dark grey to greyish-black universal veil remnants, the upper part of its rooting stipe base covered by several rows of recurved scales, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores, absence of basidial clamp connections and pileal remnants of universal veil comprising abundant, disordered inflated cells intermixed with scattered filamentous hyphae. Molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphology both support the association of A. tullossiana with species of Bas' stirps Cinereoconia - A. cinereoconia and A. griseoverrucosa. Two species, A. griseoverrucosa and A. virgineoides are reported here as new records for India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear (Mcm7, nrITS, nrLSU) and mitochondrial (mrSSU) DNA sequences revealed geographically disjunct lineages in Leptogium hibernicum. One of these lineages is described here as Leptogium krogiae, which differs from L. hibernicum in the thinner thallus (190–210 µm vs. 390–480 µm), shallowly striate lobes instead of deeply furrowed lobes, isidia that are seldom distinctly flattened, and apothecia with a subhymenial euparaplectenchymatous layer. Leptogium krogiae is a widespread epiphyte in mist-affected woodlands and montane forests in East Africa and appears to be a common species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematics of the recently proposed Geastrum sect. Schmidelia are addressed through statistical analyses of quantitative morphological variables and phylogenetic reconstructions based on a multilocus approach. Emphasis is given to the taxonomic placement of G. schmidelii var. parvisporum. This variety is found to be not phylogenetically close to G. schmidelii var. schmidelii, the type species of G. sect. Schmidelia, and it therefore is excluded from this section, taxonomically raised to species rank (as G. parvisporum) and included as a member of G. sect. Hariotia. A second species in G. sect. Schmidelia is recognized and formally described as G. senoretiae. It is characterized by small basidiomata, non-hygrometric exoperidium, subsessile endoperidium and finely plicate, indistinctly delimited peristome, so far known only from Spain. Photographs and drawings are included, along with a comparison of morphologically close taxa. The presence of sclerified basidia in the mature gleba, previously not reported in the genus, is commented on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various infrageneric classifications of the genus Geastrum have been proposed, all of them exclusively based on morphology. They are highly divergent due to the different relative value that each author gave to particular morphological features. There is no consensus about any of these classifications, and therefore most modern studies avoid classifying Geastrum species in supraspecific units. Here, a new subdivision of the genus Geastrum is presented, based on phylogenetic analyses of four molecular markers, viz., 5.8S nrDNA, nrLSU, rpbl, and atp6. This classification is also supported by chemical reactions with syringaldazine and guiaiac gum, and by some morphological characters. Most reliable morphological characters include both classically studied features (e.g., endoperidial surface, peristome structure, mycelial layer), and recently discovered ones (e.g., rhizomorph crystals). Previously published infrageneric classifications are reviewed, showing many discrepancies with the phylogenetic data. A n ew infrageneric subdivision is proposed: sect. Campestria sect, nov., sect. Corollina sect. nov. (including subsect. Lageniformia subsect. nov., subsect. Marginata, and subsect. Plicostomata), sect. Elegantia sect, nov., sect. Exareolata, sect. Fimbriata, sect. Fornicata, sect. Geastrum (including subsect. Arenaria subsect. nov., subsect. Geastrum, subsect. Quadrifida subsect. nov., and subsect. Sulcostomata), sect. Hariotia sect, nov., sect. Hieronymia sect, nov., sect. Myceliostroma (including subsect. Epigaea and subsect. Velutina subsect. nov.), sect. Papillata, sect. Pseudolimbata sect, nov., sect. Schmidelia sect, nov., and sect. Trichaster. The phylogenetic and morphological boundaries among three genera of Geastraceae, viz., Geastrum, Myriostoma, and Radiigera, are also evaluated. Myriostoma likely represents a different phylogenetic lineage within Geastraceae and is confirmed as distinct from Geastrum. However, Radiigera is nested in Geastrum, and therefore it is confirmed as a synonym of Geastrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]