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Seifert, Bernhard, D'Eustacchio, Dario, Kaufmann, Bernard, Centorame, Massimiliano, Lorite, Pedro, Modica, Maria Vittoria (2017): Four species within the supercolonial ants of the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex revealed by integrative taxonomy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 24: 123-144, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3538476, {"references":["BAGHERIANYAZDI, A., MUNCH, W. & SEIFERT, B. 2012: A first demonstration of interspecific hybridization in Myrmica ants by geometric morphometrics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Myrmecological News 17: 121-131.","BEHM, J.E., IVES, A.R. & BOUGMAN, J.W. 2010: Breakdown in postmating isolation and the collapse of a species pair through hybridization. - The American Naturalist 175: 11-26.","BERNARD, F. 1968: Les fourmis d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. - Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Mediterraneen 3, Masson et Cie Editeurs, Paris, 411 pp.","BERNARD, F. 1983: Les fourmis et leur millieu en France mediterraneenne. - Encyclopedie Entomologique 16, Lechevalier, Paris, 149 pp.","BETTLES, C.M., DOCKER, M.F., DUFOUR, B. & HEATH, D.D. 2005: Hybridization dynamics between sympatric species of trout: loss of reproductive isolation. - Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18: 1220-1233.","BLIGHT, O., PROVOST, E., RENUCCI, M., TIRARD, A. & ORGEAS, J. 2010: A native ant armed to limit the spread of the Argentine ant. - Biological Invasions 12: 3785-3793.","BUSCHINGER, A. 1972: Kreuzung zweier sozialparasitischer Ameisenarten,Doronomyrmex pacis KUTTER und Leptothorax kutteri BUSCHINGER (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Zoologischer Anzeiger 189: 169-179.","CAUWELIER, E., GILBEY, J., JONES, C.S., NOBLE, L.R. & VERSPOOR, E. 2012: Asymmetrical viability in backcrosses between highly divergent populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): implications for conservation. - Conservation Genetics 13: 1665-1669.","CASQUET, J., THEBAUD, C. & GILLESPIE, R.G. 2012: Chelex without boiling, a rapid and easy technique to obtain stable amplifiable DNA from small amounts of ethanol-stored spiders. - Molecular Ecology Resources 12: 136-141.","CHEN, Z.J., COMAI, L. & PIKAARD, C.S. 1998: Gene dosage and stochastic effects determine the severity and direction of uniparental rRNA gene silencing (nucleolar dominance) in Arabidopsis allopolyploids. - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95: 14891-14896.","DEKONINCK, W., PARMENTIER, T. & SEIFERT, B. 2015: First records of a supercolonial species of the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex in Belgium. - Bulletin de la Societe royale belge d'Entomologie / Bulletin van de Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Entomologie 151: 206-209.","DEVIS, N., AIELLO, A., MALLET, J., POMIANKOWSKI, A. & SILBERGLIED, R.E. 1997: Speciation in two neotropical butterflies: extending Haldane's rule. - Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 264: 845-851.","DREIJERS, E., REISE, H. & HUTCHINSON, J.M.C. 2013: Mating of the slugs Arion lusitanicus auct. non MABILLE and A. rufus (L.): Different genitalia and mating behaviours are incomplete barriers to interspecific sperm exchange. - Journal of Molluscan Studies 79: 51-63.","DURICA, D.S. & KRIDER, H.M. 1978: Studies on the ribosomal RNA cistrons in Drosophila hybrids. 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Heinze, Jürgen, Schmidt, Christine V., Nugroho, Hari, Seifert, Bernhard (2010): Wingless Fighter Males In The Wallacean Ant Cardiocondyla Nigrocerea (Insecta: Formicidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 58 (2): 323-328, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5342910, {"references":["Cremer, S. & J. Heinze, 2003. Stress grows wings: Environmental induction of winged dispersal males in Cardiocondyla ants. Current Biology, 13: 219-223.","Heinze, J., 1997. Male reproductive strategies in ants. Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Social Insects, 3-4: 179-187.","Heinze, J., B. Holldobler & K. Yamauchi, 1998. Male competition in Cardiocondyla ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 42: 239-246.","Heinze, J., A. Trindl, B. Seifert & K. Yamauchi, 2005. Evolution of male morphology in the ant genus Cardiocondyla. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37: 278-288.","Heinze, J., S. Cremer, N. Eckl & A. Schrempf, 2006. Stealthy invaders: the biology of Cardiocondyla tramp ants. Insectes sociaux, 53: 1-7.","Holldobler, B. & E. O. Wilson, 1990. The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.","Karawajew, W., 1935. Neue Ameisen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet, nebst Revision einiger Formen. Treubia, 15: 57-117.","Kinomura, K. & K. Yamauchi, 1987. Fighting and mating behaviors of dimorphic males in the ant Cardiocondyla wroughtoni. Journal of Ethology, 5: 75-81.","Kugler, J., 1983. The males of Cardiocondyla Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidea) with the description of the winged male of Cardiocondyla wroughtoni (Forel). Israel Journal of Entomology, 17: 1-21.","Martin, P. R. & P. Bateson, 1986. Measuring Behaviour. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. 222 pp.","Oettler, J., M. Suefuji & J. Heinze, in press. The evolution of alternative reproductive tactics in male Cardiocondyla ants. Evolution.","Reiskind, J., 1965. A revision of the ant tribe Cardiocondylini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). I. The genus Prosopidris Wheeler. Psyche, 72: 79-86.","Schrempf, A. & J. Heinze, 2007. Back to one: consequences of derived monogyny in an ant with polygynous ancestors. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 20: 792-799.","Seifert, B., 2003. The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi and C. minutior species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 104B: 203-338.","Seifert, B., 2008. Cardiocondyla atalanta Forel, 1915: a cryptic sister species of Cardiocondyla nuda (Mayr, 1866) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 11: 43-48.","Stuart, R.J., A. Francoeur & R. Loiselle, 1987. Lethal fighting among dimorphic males of the ant, Cardiocondyla wroughtonii. Naturwissenschaften, 74: 548-549.","Yamauchi, K. & N. Kawase, 1992. Pheromonal manipulation of workers by a fighting male to kill his rival males in the ant Cardiocondyla wroughtonii. Naturwissenschaften, 79: 274-276.","Yamauchi, K., Y. Asano, B. Lautenschlager, A. Trindl & J. Heinze, 2005. A new type of male dimorphism with ergatoid and short-winged males in Cardiocondyla cf kagutsuchi. Insectes sociaux, 52: 274-281.","Yamauchi, K., Y. Ishida, R., Hashim & J. Heinze, 2006. Queenqueen competition by precocious male production in multi-queen ant colonies. Current Biology, 16: 2424-2427."]}

Formica rufibarbis volgensis Ruzsky, 1914; Volga River., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 271

Formica persica sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from Persia - the terra typica of this species. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 6 worker paratypes (4 stored in ethanol) labelled "IRAN: 36.767�� N, 54.567�� E, Tuskestan forest, 900 m Juniperus forest O. Paknia 2005.09.23-517" and " Holotype Formica persica Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica persica Seifert & Schultz "; SMN G��rlitz. Material examined: 20 samples with 54 workers from Iran were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Fig. 20). For details. see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. 20 samples with 54 workers from Iran were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. Iran: Tuskestan forest (type), 23.IX.2005 [36.767�� N, 54.567�� E]; Chorteh, 8.VII.1973 [36.767�� N, 50.583�� E]; Dela-restagh vill., 13.VII.2004 [36.400�� N, 52.535�� E]; Golestan N.P., 29.V.2004 [37.383�� N, 55.767�� E]; Golestan N.P., 14. V.2007 [37.367�� N, 55.817�� E]; Golestan N.P., 11.VI.2008 [37.398�� N, 55.798�� E]; Golestan N.P., 11.VI.2008 [37.388�� N, 55.804�� E]; Golestan N.P., 14.VI.2008 [37.383�� N, 55.817�� E]; Asalem, 26.VI.1973 [38.400�� N, 48.600�� E]; Mazandaran, 30.07.2007 [36.170�� N, 53.215�� E]; Nowshahr, 25.VI.2008 [36.601�� N, 51.585�� E]; Abpari forest, 27.VI.2008 [36.502�� N, 51.932�� E]; Abpari forest, 27.VI.2008 [36.501�� N, 51.982�� E]; Talesh (2 samples, No. 3400, 3454), 6.VII.2008 [37.617�� N, 48.744�� E]; Talesh, 6.VII.2008 [37.681�� N, 48.834�� E]; Talesh, 7.VII.2008 [37.679�� N, 48.808�� E]; Talesh, 7.VII. 2008 [37.705�� N, 48.887�� E]; Talesh, Alasem r., 9.VII.2008 [37.681�� N, 48.834�� E]; Tehran, Pol-e-Zanguleh, 12.VII. 1973 [36.217�� N, 51.317�� E]. Description of worker (Tab. 1, Fig. 10): medium-sized Serviformica species (CS 1.332 mm), head and scape much longer than in F. cunicularia (CL / CW1.4 1.162, SL / CS1.4 1.152). Petiole rather wide (PEW / CS1.4 0.450). Distance between lateral ocelli moderate (OceD / CS1.4 0.162), eye medium-sized (EYE / CS1.4 0.297). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal microcarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 45 - 85 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 9 �� m maximum length. Pronotum, mesonotum, petiole, flexor profile of hind tibia, posterior margin of head, propodeum, and dorso-lateral metapleuron normally without setae. Ventral coxae with long setae, setae on dorsum of first gaster tergite sometimes lacking. Dorsal mesonotum in lateral aspect broadly convex, but in small ants flatter. Metanotal depression in larger specimens deep, in small specimens shallow. Propo-deal dome in profile obtuse-angled or rounded. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view convex, sometimes obtuse-angled. Petiole scale in lateral aspect slender, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Mean distance of transverse microripples on dorsum of gaster larger than in F. cunicularia (RipD 5.8 �� m). Gaster covered by a dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.3). Pubescence on head, me-sosoma and petiole less dense, ants appear somewhat shiny. Posterior vertex, often dorsal promesonotum, coxae, and all appendages brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts yellowish-reddish. Comments on taxonomy: The clear separation of F. tianshanica sp. n. from F. cunicularia and F. persica sp. n. has already been stated above (Fig. 17). It is unknown if there are contact areas with the Anatolian and Caucasian population of F. cunicularia. Distribution and biology: So far, only known from the North Iranian region of the Elburs Mountains between 48.5�� to 56�� E and 36.2�� to 38.4�� N, in a region with much precipitation (600 - 1500 mm per year). Altitudinal range from sea level up to 2300 metres. Occurs in highly diverse habitats from steppe, human settlements, rural areas, river sides, and frequently inside of forests. The forest sites are below 1000 metres and include deciduous and Juniperus forests., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on pages 268-269

Formica anatolica sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from the distribution in Anatolia. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 4 worker paratypes labelled "TUR: 37.348° N, 34.360° E Hal-kapinar-32 rkm SE, Aydos Dagi 1600-1800 m, A. Schulz 1997.05.08-214" and " Holotype Formica anatolica Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica anatolica Seifert & Schultz "; SMN Görlitz. Material examined: 13 samples with 54 workers from Anatolia (Turkey) were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Fig. 18). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 2, Fig. 8): large Servifor-mica species (CS 1.401 mm), head and scape significantly shorter than in F. rufibarbis (CL / CW1.4 1.110, SL / CS1.4 1.031) and eye distinctly larger (EYE / CS1.4 0.303). Petiole very wide (PEW / CS1.4 0.484). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal microcarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 55 - 80 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 8 - 10 μ m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 8.9, mesonotum 4.2, propodeum plus dorsolateral metapleuron 0.1, petiole dorsal of spiracle 0.8, flexor profile of hind tibia 1.4, underside of head 1.6 (only species of the F. rufibarbis group usually having gular setae). Posterior margin of head normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotum in profile broadly convex. Metanotal depression rather deep. Propodeal dome in profile obtuse-angled or rounded, the basal profile sometimes linear or slightly concave. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view rounded, sometimes (especially in larger specimens) with a straight or slightly excavated median portion. Petiole scale in lateral aspect thin, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster with transverse microripples of small distance (RipD 4.6 μ m) and covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.4). Pubescence on head, meso-soma and petiole dense. Posterior vertex, often dorsal pro-mesonotum, coxae and all appendages dark brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts reddish. In overall impression, this species appears relatively dark with remarkable contrasts between brown and reddish parts, especially on genae. Comments on taxonomy: Well separable from any other Palaearctic species. The very clear distinction from the other two setose species, F. rufibarbis and F. tarimica sp. n., has already been presented above (Fig. 15). The short head, short scape, large eye and pilosity on underside of head suggest certain affinities to the F. cinerea group but the very wide petiole scale and overall pilosity pattern indicate an allocation to the F. rufibarbis group. 13 samples with 54 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. Turkey: Halkapinar (type), 8.V.1997 [37.348° N, 34.36° E]; Bakirdagi, 10.V.1997 [38.217° N, 35.917° E]; Belören (3 samples), 4.VI.1993 [37.211° N, 32.546° E]; Cankurtaran, 10.V.2003 [38.155° N, 31.239° E]; Carmadi (2 samples), 31. V.1993 [37.823° N, 35.102° E]; Imrasan Gecidi (2 samples), 3.V.1997 [37.133° N, 31.800° E]; Seydisehir, 5.VI.1993 [37.350° N, 31.750° E]; Sylemaniye, 5.VI.1993 [37.100° N, 31.750° E]; Ücpinnar, 4.VI.1993 [37.126° N, 32.250°]. Distribution and biology: So far only known from south-central Anatolia in the region of the Taurus Mountains (Toros Daglari). Occurring there at elevations between 1300 and 1900 m. Most remarkable habitat selection: so far only found in woodland stands with Abies, Juniperus, Quercus and other deciduous tree species, occasionally interspersed with grassland patches.

Formica fusca rufibarbis var. glauca Ruzsky, 1895; W Siberia., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 271

Formica orangea sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from the mainly orange body colour. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 4 worker paratypes labelled "KIR: 41.8327�� N, 71.1948�� E Tshat-kal valley, 1830 m R. Schultz 1998.07.28-115" and "Holo-type Formica orangea Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica orangea Seifert & Schultz ", 5 paratype workers in etha-nol, SMN G��rlitz; from the same nest series: 3 mounted paratype workers and 19 paratype workers in ethanol, coll. RS. Material examined: 32 samples with 100 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Figs. 18, 19): Afghanistan (2), Iran (1), Kazakhstan (4), Kyrgyzstan (10), Mongolia (14), Uzbekistan (1). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 1, Fig. 6): medium-sized Serviformica species (CS 1.349 mm), head short (CL / CW1.4 1.111), scape shortest and distance of lateral ocelli largest within the F. rufibarbis group (SL / CS1.4 1.021, OceD / CS1.4 0.172), eye relatively small (EYE / CS1.4 0.288), petiole relatively narrow (PEW / CS1.4 0.421). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal microcarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 35 -60 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 10 -13 �� m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 1.5, mesonotum 0.8, petiole scale dorsal of spiracle 0.2, flexor profile of hind tibia 0.3. Posterior margin of head and propodeum plus dorsolateral metapleuron normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotal profile broadly rounded. Metanotal depression moderately deep. Propodeal dome in profile flatly rounded to angled, the basal profile sometimes slightly concave. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view broadly convex. Petiole scale in lateral aspect relatively low and thicker than in other species of the F. rufi-barbis group, except F. tarimica sp. n., with convex anterior and straight to slightly convex posterior profile. Gaster with transverse microripples of rather large distance (RipD 6.7 �� m, second largest within the F. rufibarbis group) and covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.15). Pubescence on head, mesosoma and petiole less dense. Whole head, mesosoma, coxae, all appendages, and petiole in typical cases reddish yellow; sometimes in smaller specimens brown spots may occur on posterior vertex and dorsal pro-mesonotum, but always with low contrast between the pig-mented and the light parts, gaster always brown. Comments on taxonomy: Formica orangea sp. n. shows an unmistakable combination of orange colour, short head, short scape, high interocellar distance, low pronotal setae numbers and large microripple distance on gaster tergites (Tab. 1). 32 samples with 100 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. Afghanistan: Kabul, 18.IX.1952 [34.41�� N, 69.16�� E, coordinates estimated]; Tangi Saidan, 27.V.1952 [34.42�� N, 69.17�� E, coordinates estimated]. Iran: Ghuchan, 29.VII.2005 [37.41�� N, 58.5�� E, coordinates estimated]. Kazakhstan: Lake Zaysan (2 samples, No. 215, 355), 26.VII.2001 [47.682�� N, 84.646�� E]; Zaysan Basin, 25.VII.2001 [47.707�� N, 85.300�� E]; Zaysan Basin, 26.VII.2001 [47.711�� N, 85.303�� E]. Kyrgyzstan: Issyk Kul (3 samples, No. 174, 177, 181), 22.VII. 2000 [42.367�� N, 76.200�� E]; Issyk Kul (2 samples, No. 55, 56), 22.VII.2000 [42.368�� N, 76.195�� E]; Karavshin vall. (2 samples, No. 152b, 162b), 24.VII.2004 [39.781�� N, 70.412�� E]; Shamaldy-Say, 31.VII.2004 [41.119�� N, 72.189�� E]; Tshatkal vall. (2 samples, 115: type, 116), 28.VII.1998 [41.833�� N, 71.195�� E]. Mongolia: Bogd Sum, 19.VIII.1997 [45.141�� N, 100.900�� E]; Elsen Tasarkhai, 21.VII.2003 [47.389�� N, 103.661�� E]; Gobi Altai, 29.VII.2003 [44.54�� N, 99.34�� E, coordinates estimated]; Urtiyn ekh Oasis (6 samples, No. 326, 329, 403, 404, 405, 414), 31.VII.2003 [44.811�� N, 97.368�� E]; Zuun Mod Oasis (3 samples, No. 165, 166, 183), 16.VIII.1997 [43.232�� N, 99.008�� E]; Zuun Mod Oasis, 18.VIII.1997 [43.265�� N, 99.218�� E]; M515B, 2003, [leg. Pfeiffer, without location]. Uzbekistan: Tash-Kurgan, 22.VIII.1897 [38.37�� N, 67.93�� E, coordinates estimated]. Distribution and biology: Occurring in the Oriental-Turanian and Central Asian floristic region of the south sub-meridional and meridional zones. Ranging from 58�� (Iran) to 104�� E (Mongolia) and 34�� (Afghanistan) to 48�� N (Kazakhstan) at elevations between 400 and 2200 m. Prefers dry steppe and semi-desert habitats, in the vicinity of rivers or lakes. Invades rural areas and gardens. Nests found in moderately dry sand, often with characteristic slant gateways leading to the underground. Foraging on available trees, probably tending trophobionts., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 266

Diagnosis of the Formica (Serviformica) rufibarbis group Within the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Servifor-mica, the Formica rufibarbis group (typical example F. clara, Figs. 12 and 13) is diagnosable by the following character combination: mesosoma showing 25 to 100% reddish pigmentation; moderate to large body size (nest means of CS 1.075 - 1.731 mm); moderate eye size (nest means of EYE / CS1.4 0.274 - 0.312); posterior margin and underside of head normally without setae (nOCC and nGU may occasionally achieve 1.5 and 3.0 in F. anatolica sp. n.), mesosoma with zero to numerous setae; petiole scale rather wide (nest means of PEW / CS1.4 0.364 - 0.523), with a convex or bluntly angulate dorsal crest; gaster ter-gites with a dense, usually silvery pubescence (sqPDG1.4 2.7 - 3.9) and with more or less dense transverse micro-ripples (RipD1.4 3.8 - 9.2), thus appearing more matt at low magnifications. Range West Europe to East China. Moderately to strongly thermophilic; avoiding the boreal zone; in the temperate climate zone only in open, sun-exposed habitats; in warmer climate zones some species also occurring in woodland. Primary habitats are open grassland, and most species invade rural or suburban areas. Monodomous colonies with single to few queens. Simple, sometimes extended soil nests, frequently under stones, rarely with a flat mound of mineral soil particles or even some organic material. Predacious and trophobiotic. Treatment by species, Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 260

Formica cunicularia Latreille, 1798 Formica cunicularia Latreille, 1798; France. Formica fusca var. rubescens Forel, 1904; Switzerland: Vaux. Formica cunicularia fuscoides Dlussky, 1967; Armenia: Byurakan. Type material examined: F. cunicularia: Neotype worker labelled "FRA: 44.4947�� N, 0.9597�� E, Fumel, 120 m, in a garden, leg. Galkowski 2008.07.25" and " Neotype Formica cunicularia Latreille 1798, des. Seifert & Schultz 2009"; SMN G��rlitz. In case of destruction or loss of the neotype specimen, a replacement neotype can be designated from a series of five mounted workers from the same nest series in SMN G��rlitz and further five workers in MNHN Paris. Justification of the neotype fixation: A current search in the Latreille collection of MNHN Paris failed to detect a specimen interpretable as a primary type (J. Casevitz-Weu-lersse, pers. comm. 2008) and the literature gives no indication that a revisor ever has seen one. In order to establish an unambiguous standard for differentiation from similar species, we fixed a neotype in a sample from the terra ty-pica which is in agreement with the traditional morphological conception of F. cunicularia. F. fusca var. rubescens: 4 syntype workers labelled by Forel himself " Vaux ", " Cotypus " and " F. fusca r. glebaria v. rubescens For ", MZ Lausanne. F. cunicularia fuscoides: Five workers from the holo-type nest, labelled "1103", " Byurakan 1800 m Armen. Dlusskij 13.VI. 960" [in cyrillic letters], " Formica cunicularia kajastanica Dlussky paratypes ". Serial No. 1103 definitely designates the holotype nest (Dlussky 1967, p. 74) but a holotype cannot be identified within these five specimens. They are paratypes at least. A " F. c. kajastanica " has never been validly published. One gyne and two workers labelled "1091" and " Alagez nad Byurakanom Armeniya G. Dlusskij 13. 6.60" were also explicitly mentioned by Dlussky and have paratype status. Material examined: 85 samples with 307 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Figs. 20, 21): Armenia (2 samples), France (12), Georgia (5), Germany (24), Great Britain (1), Greece (3), Hungary (3), Italy (10), Kazakhstan (7), Portugal (1), Russia (1), Spain (1), Switzerland (2), Turkey (11), Ukraine (2). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker, continental population (Tab. 1, Figs. 1, 4): medium-sized Serviformica species (CS 1.365 mm); head slightly elongated (CL / CW1.4 1.131); Scape moderately long SL / CS1.4 1.073; distance of lateral ocelli moderate (OceD / CS1.4 0.164); eyes rather large (EYE / CS1.4 0.301), petiole rather wide (PEW / CS1.4 0.468). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal micro-carinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 30 - 60 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 7 - 13 �� m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 1.1, mesonotum 0.8, petiole scale dorsal of spiracle 0.25, flexor profile of hind tibia 0.3. Posterior margin and underside of head and dorso-lateral metapleuron as a rule without setae. Ventral coxae with long setae, dorsum of gaster with scattered, moderately long setae. Dorsal mesonotum in lateral aspect broadly rounded. Metanotal depression in larger individuals relatively deep. Propodeal dome rounded in lateral view, basal profile sometimes concave and in smaller specimens often straight. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view bluntly angled in smaller specimens to broadly convex in larger specimens, in some of the large individuals with straight or weekly excavate median portion. Petiole scale in lateral aspect rather thin, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster with transverse microripples of small average distance (RipD 4.6 �� m) and covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.1). Pubescence on head, meso-soma and petiole dense. Typical colour pattern: Head with exception of round reddish-yellowish spots on anterior ge-nae, dorsal promesonotum, coxae and all appendages dark brown, gaster blackish brown. Other body parts more or less reddish-yellowish. Nests with much lighter specimens having whole mesosoma, coxae and petiole uniformly reddish and such with very dark specimens having the reddish pigmentation reduced to a very small spot on frontal margin of ventrolateral mesonotum; exceptionally completely dark specimens occur. Description of worker, West Mediterranean isolated populations: We do not at this time propose these deviating and isolated populations from Corsica, Sardinia and the Sierra Nevada as heterospecific from F. cunicularia. Differences to the continental population are a significantly narrower petiole (PEW / CS1.4 0.433) and slightly longer 1 st tergite setae (GHL / CS1.4 7.24%). It seems to be the only species of the group from Corsica where F. clara and F. rufibarbis have not been reported so far. Comments on taxonomy: The separation of F. cunicu-laria and F. clara represents the most difficult discrimination problem within the F. rufibarbis group because there is a deficiency of strongly discriminating structural characters. We ran a DA for the whole Palaearctic range of F. clara excluding material from the West Himalayas (Pakistan and India) where no ant species similar to F. cuni-cularia is present. Considering the characters CS, CL / CW1.4, SL / CS1.4, OceD / CS1.4, EYE / CS1.4, PEW / CS1.4, nPN1.4, nMN1.4, nPRME1.4, nPE1.4, nHFFL1.4, RipD1.4, sqPDG1.4, PIGM 1.4, and CONT 1.4, a two-class DA separates 97.4% of 268 nest samples with p> 0.95 and the LOOCV-DA gives an error prediction of 0.4% (Fig. 14): D (15) F. clara -2.781 �� 0.864 [-4.40, -0.17] n = 183 D (15) F. cunicularia -2.642 �� 1.245 [0.17, 5.22] n = 85 The neotype sample of F. cunicularia, the syntype sample of F. fusca var. rubescens and the holotype sample of F. cunicularia fuscoides are safely allocated to the F. cuni-cularia cluster (each with p = 1.000) while syntype sample of F. clara Forel, 1886, the holotype sample of Formica lusatica Seifert, 1997 and the syntype sample of F. rufi-barbis var. sinae Emery, 1925 are safely assigned to the F. clara cluster (each with p = 1.000). While these type allocations allow clear nomenclatural decisions at least within this species pair, we do not fully trust any determination within the complete data set. The weak point is that intraspecific colour polymorphism and loss of pigmentation by light or storage media could possibly affect the reliability of the pigmentation characters PIGM and CONT, but just these two characters have the largest loadings (canonical correlations) in the DA. These loadings are 0.788 in PIGM 1.4 and 0.391 in CONT 1.4 but only 0.336 in EYE1.4 and 0.170 in nPN1.4, the two best structural discriminators. Another problem are the isolated West Mediterranean populations of F. cunicularia from Corsica, Sardinia and the Sierra Nevada which were all allocated in the DA to the F. cunicularia cluster but possibly represent a third species. We have currently no NUMO-BAT method to show this. Integrative approaches including DNA analysis could bring more clarity into this issue. 85 samples with 307 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. Armenia: Alages (type fuscoides, paratype fuscoides), 13.VI.1960 [40.33�� N, 44.25�� E, coordinates estimated].France: Breil sur Roya (No. 001), 7.V.2002 [43.942�� N, 7.518�� E];Breil sur Roya (No. 025), 8.V.2002 [43.951�� N, 7.519�� E];Breil sur Roya (No. 038), 9.V.2002 [43.924�� N, 7.484�� E];Corse (D 81) 5.VI.1985 [42.467�� N, 8.683�� E];Fumel (neotype cunicularia), 25.VII.2008 [44.495�� N, 0.960�� E];Galeria, 13.VI.1985 [42.410�� N, 8.650�� E];Labergement-Sainte-Marie, 11.VII.1990 [46.770�� N, 6.280��];Lac de L'Oriente, 5.VII.1974 [42.229�� N, 9.058�� E];Orne, 1917 [48.81�� N, 0.26�� E, coordinates estimated];Suartone, 6.VI.1975 [41.5�� N, 9.25�� E, coordinates estimated];Timozzo, 5.VII.1974 [42.244�� N, 9.067�� E];MNHN Paris (EY0000001658) [without date and location].Georgia: Kazbergi (2 samples, No. 654, 644), 27.VII.1985 / 8.VIII.1985 [42.670�� N, 44.580�� E];Mzcheta, 23.VII.1985 [41.840�� N, 44.720�� E];Omalo (2 samples, 650, 653m), 31.VII.1985 [42.380�� N, 45.630�� E].Germany: Burkheim, 1.V.1993 [48.100�� N, 7.600�� E]; D��nkritz, 27. V.1992 [50.770�� N, 12.430�� E];Ebersbach (3 samples, No. 026, 076, 222), 24.V.1992 [51.190�� N, 14.930�� E]; F��rst-gen, 8.V.1994 [51.300�� N, 14.640�� E];Griesheimer D��ne, 29.IV.1993 [49.840�� N, 8.590�� E];Heilsberg, 25.VIII.1986 [50.776�� N, 11.265�� E];Isteiner Klotz, 4.V.1993 [47.670�� N, 7.530�� E];Langenhessen (3 samples, No. 053, 054, 067), 28.V.1992 [50.770�� N, 12.370�� E];Klein Schm��len, 4.VIII.1996 [53.123�� N, 11.289�� E];Lubminer Heide, 14.VI.1998 [54.147�� N, 13.647�� E];Neubrandenburg, 20.VI.1998 [53.596�� N, 13.409�� E];Niederhohndorf (2 samples, No. 076, 084), 26.V.1992 [50.750�� N, 12.470�� E];Rengersdorf (2 samples, No. 054, 234), 20.V.1992 [51.208�� N, 14.892�� E];Rohrdorf,8.V.1993 [47.717�� N, 10.083�� E];Torga, 20.V.1992 [51.208�� N, 14.910�� E];Trebbichau, 31.V.1987 [51.810�� N, 12.010�� E];Vogtsburg, 3.V.1993 [48.100�� N, 7.700�� E];Waren/Feissnecksee, 27.VII.1988 [53.490�� N, 12.710��].Great Britain: Hartland Moor, 24.X.1991 [50.657�� N, 2.092�� W].Greece: Agia Triada, 1.VI.2001 [40.500�� N, 22.882�� E];Litochoro, 29.V.2001 [40.102�� N, 22.562�� E];Nestos Delta (No. 1), 2004 [40.850�� N, 24.800�� E].Hungary: Aggtelek (3 samples, No. 004, 005, 006), V.1998 [48.467�� N, 20.517�� E].Italy: Baunei, 5.X.1972 [40.120�� N, 9.510�� E];Camigli-atello Silano (No. 003), 14.V.1999 [39.376�� N, 16.441�� E];Camigliatello Silano (No. 005), 14.V.1999 [39.363�� N, 16.456�� E];Camigliatello Silano (No. 023), 16.V.1999 [39.361�� N, 16.430�� E];Firenze, 20.VII.1994 [43.783�� N, 11.600�� E];Largo Arvo, 19.V.1994 [39.230�� N, 16.500�� E];Mte. Limbara, 3.V.1994 [40.850�� N, 9.180�� E];Sila Grande (No. 029), 17.V.1999 [39.392�� N, 16.550�� E];Sila Grande (No. 049), 20.V.1999 [39.387�� N, 16.559�� E];Sila Grande (No. 061b), 21.V.1999 [39.411�� N, 16.553�� E].Kazakhstan: Manrak, 27.VII.2001 [47.317�� N, 84.617�� E];Sarymobe (2 samples, No. 197a, 206), 5.VIII.2001 [47.130�� N, 82.372�� E];Saur (No. 082), 25.VII.2001 [47.357�� N, 85.518�� E];Tarbagatay (No. 160), 1.VIII.2001 [47.784�� N, 81.754�� E];Tarbagatay (No. 306), 5.VIII.2001 [47.133�� N, 82.367�� E];Tarbagatay (No. 338), 1.VIII.2001 [47.783�� N, 81.767�� E].Portugal: Porto Covo, 15.III.2002 [37.839�� N, 8.788�� W].Russia: Kursk steppe, 17.VII.1999 [51.750�� N, 36.167�� E].Spain: Veleta S, 10.V.1991 [37.060�� N, 3.360�� W].Switzerland: Pfynwald (No. g21) 16.V.1994 [46.300�� N, 7.620�� E];Vaux (cotype rubescens), [46.540�� N, 6.470�� E, coordinates estimated].Turkey: Catak, 18.VI.1993 [39.500�� N, 43.010�� E];Dagpinar, 23.VI.1993 [40.470�� N, 43.330�� E];Dirimli Gecidi, 22.V.1993 [36.870�� N, 29.580�� E];Dranoz, 3.VII.1993 [41.640�� N, 34.840�� E];Kabali, 3.VII.1993 [41.800�� N, 35.050�� E]; ��demis (No. 870), 19.V.1993 [38.350�� N, 27.880�� E];Sac Gecidi, 22.VI.1993 [39.800�� N, 42.510�� E]; Sarig��l (No. 1177), 28.VI.1993 [41�� N, 41.5�� E, coordinates estimated];Sogukpinar (2 samples, No. 1229, 1238), 6.VII.1993 [40.060�� N, 29.120�� E];Stranga Mts., 10.V.2003 [41.468�� N, 27.375�� E].Ukraine: Jalta, 16.VIII.1995 [44.450�� N, 34.050�� E];Manhup-Kale, 12.VIII.1995 [44.617�� N, 33.867�� E]. Distribution and biology: Temperate, Ponto-south-Siberian and Submediterranean species of the West Palae-arctic, occurring from southernmost England and Iberia to West Siberia (85�� E). In northwestern Europe, it goes north to southern Sweden (58�� N) but has not reached southern Finland so far. Having a planar to colline distribution in the northern parts of its range, it climbs up to 1800 m in the Alps, up to 2400 m in the Caucasus and up to 2000 m in the South Siberian Tarbagatay Mountains. Moderately thermophilic. Preferred habitats are meagre and semidry grasslands on differing geological outcrop, more rarely extremely xerothermic grasslands and also open ruderal, rural or disturbed habitats, including road or railway verges. In contrast to F. rufibarbis more frequently occurring on loamy soils with more developed herb layer and less often invading the urban zone. Presence, mean and maximum nest density on 81 potentially suitable, 150- m 2-test-plots on open land in Germany 5%, 1.6 and 23.2 nests / 100 m 2 respectively. Colony foundation usually by single gynes but also pleometrotic. Nests moderately populous, usually containing 1000 - 1800 workers, sometimes weakly polygynous, but polydomous colonies unknown (as in all members of the group). Usually inhabits simple soil nests, construction of high mounds of mineral soil in meagre grassland with higher herb layer regularly observed. Usually timid and fugitive, but populous nests with large workers may be very aggressive during nest defence. Not territorial. Foraging at surface temperatures of up to 50�� C, mainly on open surfaces and in the herb layer, but not avoiding bushes and trees. Zoophagous, trophobiotic and nectarivorous. Low position in dominance hierarchies of ant communities, usually inferior to even Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758), whom it carefully evades thanks to superior walking speed and well-developed visual sense, thus enabling coexistence at long-term food sources. May snatch large prey items from L. niger by swift surprise attack. Favoured host species for several socially parasitic ant species. Alates occur 7 July �� 12 d [16 June, 1 August], n = 17 (Seifert 2007)., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on pages 261-262

Formica rufibarbis st. montivaga Santschi, 1928; [replacement name for Formica rufibarbis natio montana Kuznetzov-Ugamsky, 1923; Turkestan; junior primary homonym of F. subpolita var. montana Wheeler, 1910], Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 271

Formica clara sinae Emery, 1925 stat. n. Formica rufibarbis var. sinae Emery, 1925; China: Shantung, Tsingtao. [replacement name for Formica rufibarbis var. orientalis Wheeler, 1923, a junior primary homonym of Formica fusca ssp. orientalis Ruzsky, 1915] Type material examined: Three workers labelled "ShanTung', China Aug. 24 1922 A. P. - Jacot " [integrated interpretation from both handwritten labels of Jacot], " A. P. Jacot No. 2287", " Gift of W. M. Wheeler ", " M. C. Z. Type 1-3 21733", " var. orientalis Wheeler "; three further workers labelled "ShanTung', China Aug. 24 1922 A. P. - Jacot " [integrated interpretation from both badly handwritten labels of Jacot], " Gift of W. M. Wheeler ", " M. C. Z. Type 4-6 21733"; all MCZ Cambridge. Material examined: 1 sample with 6 workers from China was subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Fig. 23). 1 sample with 6 workers from China was subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. China: Shantung (type orientalis), 24.VIII.1922 [36.24�� N, 120.32�� E, coordinates estimated]. Description of worker (based on the type sample): medium-sized Serviformica, CS 1.327 mm; pronotum more hairy than in F. clara s. str., nPN1.4 9.2. Propodeum plus dorsolateral metapleuron normally with one seta. Petiole narrower than in average F. clara s. str.: PEW / CS1.4 0.428. All other body dimensions near the average of the nominal form: CL / CW1.4 1.142, OceD / CS1.4 0.168, EYE / CS1.4 0.283, SL / CS1.4 1.060, nMN1.4 1.6, nPE1.4 2.5, nHFFL1.4 0.2, RipD1.4 4.2, sqPDG1.4 2.9. Clypeus with sharp median keel and longitudinal microcarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversally rippled and with 40 - 60 pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 5 - 7 �� m maximum length. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view convex, sometimes with straight median portion. In lateral aspect wedge-shaped, relatively small with more convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Colouration as in the typical northern population of F. clara s. str.: light yellowish brown with darker vertex, dorsal pronotum and mesonotum, coxae only slightly more dark. Comments on taxonomy: Though being most similar to F. clara s. str. in the majority of characters, the much more developed pronotal pilosity (nPN1.4 9.2) and some 2850 km distance from the next known population of F. clara s. str. makes it advisable to establish an East Chinese subspecies F. clara sinae. We cannot exclude that F. c. sinae could have species rank but testing this is prevented by lack of further sympatric material. Distribution and biology: This subspecies is only known by the type series which was collected on the sand-flats west of Nu Ku Kow, Kiachou Bay, Quingdao (= Tsingtao), Shandong Province (Wheeler 1923)., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on pages 265-266

Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793; France. Formica fusca var. cinereorufibarbis Forel, 1874; Switzerland: Z��rich. Type material examined: F. rufibarbis: Neotype worker labelled "FRA: 44.073�� N, 7.295�� E, St. Martin Vesu-bie, Cime de la Palu, 2058 m R. Schultz2002.05.14 - 108 " and " Neotype Formica rufibarbis Fabricius 1793, des. Seifert & Schultz 2009"; SMN G��rlitz. In case of destruction or loss of the neotype specimen, a replacement neotype can be designated from a series of 6 mounted workers and 14 workers in ethanol from the same nest sample, having identical sample number, kept in SMN G��rlitz and coll. RS. Justification of the neotype fixation: Formica rufi-barbis has been described from France (" Habitat in Gallia "). There is no specimen from Fabricius available that could be interpreted as a primary type. During a thorough search in the Fabricius collection in ZMU Copenhagen in 2006, a Formica worker labelled " rufibarbis " was found. It is without head, has a damaged mesosoma, carries no locality label but the registration label " Formica rufibarbis 402.26 Kiel " (a permanent loan from the museum in Kiel). This specimen definitely belongs to Formica trun-corum Fabricius, 1804. It cannot be considered as type of F. rufibarbis because its characters clearly disagree with the original description: It has reddish legs including tarsi instead of " pedes nigri " and a reddish brown gaster instead of " Abdomen atrum ". The missing parts of this F. truncorum specimen would also not have a " Caput nigrum ore late rufo ". F. fusca var. cinereorufibarbis: Two worker types (the specimen with CL = 1663 was labelled as lectotype by B. Seifert in 1999) and 1 gyne paratype, all labelled " F. cinereo-rufibarbis Forel ", " Z. h��pital " and " Type ", MNH Geneve. Material examined: 74 samples with 232 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Figs. 18, 19): Austria (1 sample), Bosnia & Herzegovina (3), Bulgaria (1), Finland (4), France (3), Germany (27), Hungary (1), Kazakhstan (20), Lebanon (1), Russia (1), Sweden (4), Switzerland (6), Turkey (2). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 2, Fig. 3): Large Servi-formica species (mean CS 1.455 mm), head more elongated (CL / CW1.4 1.141), Scape moderately long SL / CS1.4 1.068; distance of lateral ocelli moderate (OceD / CS1.4 0.169), petiole rather wide (PEW / CS1.4 0.471). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal microcari-nulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 35 - 55 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 11 - 15 �� m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 11.1, mesonotum 6.5, propodeum plus dorsolateral metapleuron 0.8, petiole scale dorsal of spiracle 3.2, flexor profile of hind tibia 2.8. Posterior margin of head normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotum in lateral aspect broadly rounded. Metanotal groove relatively deep. Propodeal dome in profile rounded, its basal profile sometimes flat or slightly concave. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view convex, sometimes (especially in larger specimens) with straight or weekly excavate median portion, in smaller ants sometimes bluntly angled. Petiole scale in lateral aspect rather thin, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster with transverse mi-croripples of small average distance (RipD 4.4 �� m) and covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.2). Pubescence on head, mesosoma and petiole dense. Posterior vertex, sometimes dorsal promesonotum, coxae and all appendages normally brown or dark brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts reddish. Comments on taxonomy: Formica rufibarbis is safely separable by discriminant analysis from any other species of the group throughout its whole geographic range. Sometimes, less hairy specimens of F. rufibarbis could be confused with more hairy F. clara. Considering the characters CS, CL / CW1.4, SL / CS1.4, OceD / CS1.4, EYE / CS1.4, PEW / CS1.4, GHL / CS1.4, nPN1.4, nMN1.4, nPRME1.4, nPE1.4, and nHFFL1.4, a two-class DA separates 97.8% of 274 nest samples from Eurasia with p> 0.95 and the LOOCV-DA gives an error indication of 0.4%: D (12) F. clara -2.810 �� 0.861 [-6.33, -0.16] n = 200 D (12) F. rufibarbis -2.818 �� 1.297 [0.16, 6.15] n = 74 The type samples of F. rufibarbis and F. fusca var. cinereorufibarbis are allocated to the F. rufibarbis cluster with p = 1.000 and 0.999 and the type samples of F. clara Forel, 1886, F. lusatica Seifert, 1997 and F. rufibarbis sinae Emery, 1925 to the F. clara cluster with p = 1.000, 1.000 and 0.929, respectively. The case of F. rufibarbis sinae is discussed in the F. clara section and the separation of F. rufibarbis from the similarly setose Asian species F. anatolica sp. n. and F. tarimica sp. n. is shown in the section of the latter species. 74 samples with 232 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. Austria: Schwarzach: 14.V.1994 [47.320�� N, 13.139�� E]. Bosnia & Herzegovina: Sutjeska N.P. (No. 004), 28.V.2003 [43.356�� N, 18.692�� E];Sutjeska N.P. (No. 070), 6.VI.2003 [43.351�� N, 18.690�� E];Sutjeska N.P. (No. 072), 6.VI.2003 [43.350�� N, 18.690�� E].Bulgaria: Dobrostan, 10.IX.1982 [41.905�� N, 24.925�� E].Finland: Luum��ki, 12.VII.1996 [60.913�� N, 27.380�� E];Sandvik (2 samples, No. 33, 35), 10.VII.1996 [60.280�� N, 22.210�� E]; Storm��lo, 10.VII.1996 [60.250�� N, 22.150�� E].France: Hospitalet, 19.IX.1998 [42.588�� N, 1.794�� E];St. Martin Vesubie (No. 089), 13.V. 2002 [44.086�� N, 7.247�� E];St. Martin Vesubie (No. 108, type rufibarbis), 14.V.2002 [44.072�� N, 7.295�� E].Germany: Badra, 27.V.1987 [51.430�� N, 10.980�� E];Burkheim, 1.V.1993 [48.100�� N, 7.600�� E]; D��nkritz (4 samples, No. -, 016, 043, 204), 20.VII.1988 / 26.V.1992 / 27.V.1992 [50.770�� N, 12.430�� E];Glewitz, 2.V.2000 [54.239�� N, 13.321�� E]; Gr��nz, 5.VI.2004 [53.264�� N, 14.124�� E];Hauptmannsberg, 22.IV.2000 [53.307�� N, 13.443�� E];Heilsberg, 25.VIII.1986 [50.776�� N, 11.265�� E];Hellerau, 20.VIII.1992 [51.100�� N, 13.730�� E];Isteiner Klotz, 4.V.1993 [47.670�� N, 7.530�� E];Langenhessen, 28.V.1992 [50.770�� N, 12.370�� E];Menzlin, 8.V.1999 [53.870�� N, 13.631�� E];Niederhohndorf (2 samples, No. 081, 212), 26.V.1992 [50.750�� N, 12.470�� E];Oberbergen, 2.V.1993 [48.110�� N, 7.660�� E]; Peenem��nde, 5.V.2001 [54.148�� N, 13.753�� E];Rohrdorf (No. g13), 9.V.1993 [47.740�� N, 10.060�� E];Rohrdorf (No. g30), 8.V.1993 [47.717�� N, 10.083�� E];Struck (2 samples, No. 021, 023), 5.VI.1999 [54.170�� N, 13.693�� E]; T��bingen (2 samples, No. 013, 073), 6.V.1993 [48.510�� N, 9.010�� E];Untergrombach, 6.V.1990 [49.080�� N, 8.550�� E];Vogtsburg, 3.V.1993 [48.100�� N, 7.700�� E];Waren/ Fei��necksee, 27.VII.1988 [53.490�� N, 12.710�� E].Hungary: Aggtelek, V.1998 [48.467�� N, 20.517�� E].Kazakhstan: Manrak (No. 040), 22.VII.2001 [47.628�� N, 84.063�� E];Manrak (No. 045), 22.VII.2001 [47.636�� N, 84.064�� E];Manrak, (No. 351), 23.VII.2001 [47.633�� N, 84.067�� E];Saur (2 samples, No. 274, 341), 24.VII. 2001 [47.300�� N, 85.617�� E];Saur (No. 064), 24.VIII.2001 [47.306�� N, 85.545�� E];Saur (No. 068), 24.VII.2001 [47.294�� N, 85.618�� E];Saur (No. 058), 24.VII.2001 [47.299�� N, 85.412�� E];Saur (No. 273), 24.VII.2001 [47.300�� N, 85.467�� E];Saur (No. 309), 23.VII.2001 [47.310�� N, 84.460�� E];Saur (No. 318), 24.VII.2001 [47.300�� N, 85.417�� E];Saur (No. 331), 25.VII.2001 [47.350�� N, 85.517�� E];Tarbagatay (2 samples, No. 83, 316), 1.VIII.2001 [47.783�� N, 81.767�� E];Tarba-gatay (No. 153), 31.VII.2001 [47.360�� N, 83.527�� E];Tarbagatay (No. 167), 2.VIII.2001 [47.781�� N, 81.764�� E];Tar-bagatay (No. 169), 2.VIII.2001 [47.782�� N, 81.760�� E];Tarbagatay (No. 183), 4.VIII.2001 [47.075�� N, 82.313�� E];Tarbagatay (No.328), 3.VIII.2001 [47.100�� N, 82.317�� E].Lebanon: Chtoura, 5.VIII.1933 [33.817�� N, 35.850�� E].Russia: Snezhinsk, 5.VII.1998 [55.933�� N, 60.983�� E].Sweden: H��gsrum, 13.VI.1992 [56.770�� N, 16.670�� E]; Kastl��sa (2 samples, No. 44, 94), 12.VI.1992 [56.460�� N, 16.480�� E];Stora Alvaret, 11.X.2000 [56.532�� N, 16.525�� E].Switzerland: Bi��re, 18.V.1994 [43.540�� N, 6.320�� E];Eglisau, 21.IV.2004 [47.580�� N, 8.520�� E];Pfynwald (3 samples, No. g4, 72, 101), 16.V.1994 [46.300�� N, 7.620�� E]; Z��rich (type cinereorufibarbis), before 1874 [47.37�� N, 8.55�� E, coordinates estimated].Turkey: Igdir, 21.VI.1993 [39.850�� N, 44.090�� E];Tuzluca, 23.VI.1993 [40.050�� N, 43.730�� E]. Distribution and biology: Inhabiting the temperate, Ponto-south-Siberian and Submediterranean zones of the West Palaearctic from the Pyrenees to West Siberia (76�� E) and the Southwest Siberian Saur Mountains (85�� E). In Fennoscandia going to 61�� N, both in Sweden (Colling-wood 1979) and Finland, in the Alps and the Caucasus climbing up to 2100 m. In habitat selection intermediate between the moderately thermophilic F. cunicularia and the strongly thermophilic F. clara. Compared to the former more frequent on sandy and open ground with higher soil temperature, lower moisture and less developed herb layer and penetrating deeper into the urban zone. Presence, mean and maximum nest density on 81 potentially suitable, 150- m 2-test-plots on open land in Germany was 44%, 1.0 and 6.0 nests / 100 m 2 respectively. Diet, activity pattern and nest construction similar to F. cunicularia but often with larger nest populations, more aggressive, more readily attacking other ants and more effectively defending against social parasites than F. cunicularia. Cooperative transport of large prey items may occur. Alates occur in Central Europe 14 July �� 15 d [16 June, 3 August], n = 13 (Seifert 2007)., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on pages 260-261

Formica rufibarbis ssp. montana var. minor Kuznetzov-Ugamsky, 1926; Turkestan., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 271

Formica tarimica sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from the distribution in the Tarim Basin. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 4 worker paratypes labelled "CHI: 42.1251�� N, 84.4323�� E Yengi-sar, 1515 m R. Schultz 2004.09.03-086" and " Holotype Formica tarimica Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica tarimica Seifert & Schultz ", SMN G��rlitz; from the same nest series: 3 mounted paratype workers and 48 paratype workers in ethanol, coll. RS. Material examined: 34 samples with 126 workers from Tarim Basin (China) were subject to a numeric character analysis (Fig. 15). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 2, Fig. 7): small Servi-formica species (CS 1.242 mm), head elongated (CL / CW1.4 1.158), scape moderately long (SL / CS1.4 1.070), has the smallest eyes and the narrowest petiole within the F. rufi-barbis group (EYE / CS1.4 0.281, PEW / CS1.4 0.395). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal micro-carinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 30 - 50 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 7 - 10 �� m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 12.8, mesonotum 3.2, propodeum plus dorsolateral metapleuron 0.4, petiole dorsal of the spiracle 1.2, flexor profile of hind tibia 0.8, underside of head 0.0. Dorsal mesonotum in lateral aspect broadly convex. Metanotal depression relatively deep. Propodeal dome in profile rounded or angulate-convex. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view convex or bluntly angled. Petiole scale in lateral aspect thicker than in other species of the F. rufibarbis group, except F. orangea sp. n., with convex anterior and straight to slightly convex posterior profile. Gaster with transverse microripples of the largest average distance found in the F. rufibarbis (RipD 7.9 �� m) and covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.2). Pubescence on head, mesosoma and petiole less dense. Whole head, me-sosoma, coxae, all appendages, and petiole in typical cases reddish yellow, gaster always brown. Comments on taxonomy: Seeing this orange species walking on the ground of dry steppe or semidesert habitats, F. tarimica sp. n. could be mistaken on the first glance for F. orangea sp. n. but the former is easily distinguished by the much more numerous pronotal setae and longer head. The separation of F. tarimica sp. n. from the other species with similarly large pronotal setae numbers, F. rufibarbis and F. anatolica sp. n., is shown in Figure 15: a three-class DA considering the characters CS, CL / CW1.4, SL / CS1.4, OceD / CS1.4, EYE / CS1.4, PEW / CS1.4, nPN1.4, nMN1.4, nPRME1.4, nPE1.4, nHFFL1.4, RipD1.4, sqPDG1.4, and PIGM 1.4, separated any of the 111 nest samples of these three species with p> 0.975 and 0% error indication in a LOOCV-DA. 34 samples with 126 workers were subject to a numeric character analysis of 18 characters. China: Iminq��k, 9.IX.2004 [41.241�� N, 84.436�� E]; Iminq��k, 10.IX.2004 [41.230�� N, 84.448�� E]; Iminq��k, 10.IX.2004 [41.233�� N, 84.445�� E]; Iminq��k, 13.IX.2004 [41.208�� N, 84.383�� E]; Korla (3 samples, No. 114, 116, 117), 8.IX.2004 [41.817�� N, 86.188�� E]; road 218, 4.IX.2004 [41.006�� N, 86.676�� E]; Shahyar, 15.VII.2006 [40.948�� N, 82.879�� E]; Shahyar, 15.VII.2006 [40.952�� N, 82.869�� E]; Yengisar (2 samples, No. 85, 86: type), 3.IX.2004 [42.125�� N, 84.432�� E]; Yengisar (2 samples, No. 93a, 94), 3.IX.2004 [41.974�� N, 84.491�� E]; Yengisar, 3.IX.2004 [41.974�� N, 84.490�� E]; Yengisar, 3. IX.2004 [42.125�� N, 84.431�� E]; Yengisar, 3.IX.2004 [42.125�� N, 84.433�� E]; Yengisar, 9.IX.2004 [41.958�� N, 84.677�� E]; Yingbazar, 29.VIII.2004 [41.177�� N, 84.223�� E]; Yingbazar, 29.VIII.2004 [41.189�� N, 84.264�� E]; Yingbazar, 29. VIII.2004 [41.194�� N, 84.261�� E]; Yingbazar, 31.VIII.2004 [41.168�� N, 84.224�� E]; Yingbazar, 31.VIII.2004 [41.169�� N, 84.225�� E]; Yingbazar (3 samples, No. 65, 66c, 67), 31.VIII.2004 [41.173�� N, 84.228�� E]; Yingbazar, 1.IX.2004 [41.166�� N, 84.204�� E]; Yingbazar, 1.IX.2004 [41.168�� N, 84.210�� E]; Yingbazar, 1.IX.2004 [41.177�� N, 84.234�� E]; Yingbazar, VIII.2004 [41.173�� N, 84.229�� E]; Yingbazar (2 samples, No. 1, 5), 12.IX.2006 [41.175�� N, 84.231�� E]; Yuli, 8.IX. 2004 [41.342�� N, 86.269�� E]; Yuli, 8.IX.2004 [41.342�� N, 86.270��]. Distribution and biology: A Central Asian species, apparently restricted to the Tarim Basin and adjacent foothills of the Tian Shan Mountains at elevations between 850 and 1550 m. Perhaps due to rarity of competing Formica species it occupies a diversity of habitats including semi-desert, pastures, irrigated crop plantations, gardens, open alluvial sand banks, and poplar or tamarisk stands. As a rule, the habitats are found on water-influenced ground, frequently near the Tarim River. Nests in moderately dry sand, often with characteristic slant gateways leading to the underground. Change of nest sites after inundation once observed. Foraging on poplars, probably tending trophobionts., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on pages 266-267

Formica tianshanica sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from Tian Shan, the region of the first finding. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 4 worker paratypes labelled "KIR: 42.4079�� N, 73.7893�� E Kap Tshigai valley, R. Schultz 1998.07.16-004" and " Holotype Formica tianshanica Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica tianshanica Seifert & Schultz ", SMN G��rlitz; 3 mounted paratype workers and 10 paratype workers in ethanol, coll. RS. Material examined: 32 samples with 119 workers were subject to a numeric character analysis (Fig. 21): China (28), Kazakhstan (1), Kyrgyzstan (3). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 1, Figs. 9, 16): small Ser-viformica species (CS 1.220 mm). Compared to F. cuni-cularia, head more elongated (CL / CW1.4 1.143), scape slightly shorter (SL / CL1.4 1.057) and petiole narrower (PEW / CS1.4 0.434). Distance between lateral ocelli moderate (OceD / CS1.4 0.165), eyes rather large (EYE / CS1.4 0.299). Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 25 - 40 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 7 -12 �� m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 1.7, mesonotum 0.5, flexor profile of hind tibia 0.6. Petiole, posterior margin of head, propodeum, and dorsolateral metapleuron normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotum in lateral aspect broadly convex. Meta-notal depression of moderate depth. Propodeal dome in profile convex, the basal profile sometimes slightly concave, in smaller specimens more or less linear and horizontal. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view bluntly angled in smaller specimens to broadly convex in larger specimens in which the median portion is occasionally linear or weakly excavate. Petiole scale in lateral aspect slender, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster ter-gites with transverse microripples of a significantly larger distance than in F. cunicularia (RipD 6.2 �� m, Fig. 16), increasing from West (W-Tianshan, E-Kazakhstan: 5.7 �� m) to East (Bogda Shan: 6.5 �� m). Dorsum of gaster covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.3). Pubescence on head, mesosoma and petiole less dense, ants appear mildly shining. Posterior vertex, sometimes dorsal promesonotum, coxae, and all appendages normally brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts more or less reddish, in the Bogda Shan population more yellowish-brown. Comments on taxonomy: The character combination and overall phenotypic impression of F. tianshanica sp. n. is similar to that of F. cunicularia and F. persica sp. n., and we assume that these species are closely related allopatric and parapatric species. The discrimination, however, seems to be no problem. A three-class DA considering the characters CS, CL / CW1.4, SL / CS1.4, OceD / CS1.4, EYE / CS1.4, PEW / CS1.4, nPN1.4, nMN1.4, nPRME1.4, nPE1.4, nHFFL1.4, RipD1.4, sqPDG1.4, and PIGM 1.4, separated each of the 138 nest samples of these three species with p> 0.97 and 0% error indication in a LOOCV-DA (Fig. 17). The type samples were allocated to the right clusters with the following probabilities: neotype sample of F. cunicu-laria (p = 1.000), the holotype sample of F. cunicularia fuscoides and syntype sample of F. fusca var. rubescens (both p = 1.000, to F. cunicularia), the holotype sample of F. tianshanica sp. n. (p = 0.999) and holotype sample of F. persica sp. n. (p = 0.998). F. tianshanica sp. n. is in no contact with F. persica sp. n. but is sympatric with F. cunicu-laria in the Tarbagatay-Saur Mountains in East Kazakhstan. There seems to exist no reduction of interspecific pheno-typic contrast in this sympatric region but the small sample size available does not allow to really discuss possible interspecific hybridisation. Considerable morphological variation within the F. tianshanica sp. n. population is apparently existing in the gynes: Two gynes from the Tian Shan and Tarbagatay differ from five gynes from the Bogda Shan by larger CS, smaller OceD / CS and EYE / CS, more voluminous meso-somas and lighter colour. The sparse information currently available does not allow to decide if these differences represent a gyne dimorphism (as for instance found in European Formica fusca) or indicate different allopatric species. Since there are no significant differences between the worker populations of Tian Shan and Bogda Shan, we provisionally assume a gyne polymorphism but the problem needs a detailed investigation by integrative taxonomy. 32 samples with 119 workers were subject to a numeric character analysis of 18 characters. China: Bogda Shan (No. 148), 18.IX.2004 [43.869�� N, 88.138�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 152), 18.IX.2004 [43.868�� N, 88.138�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 166), 19.IX.2004 [43.871�� N, 88.143�� E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 173, 174), 19.IX.2004 [43.868�� N, 88.143�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 177), 20.IX.2004 [43.864�� N, 88.146 E]; Bogda Shan (No. 182), 20.IX.2004 [43.861�� N, 88.146�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 186), 20.IX.2004 [43.861�� N, 88.144�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 188), 20.IX.2004 [43.852�� N, 88.162�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 192), 20.IX.2004 [43.840�� N, 88.173�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 193), 20.IX.2004 [43.841�� N, 88.173�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 194), 21.IX.2004 [43.821�� N, 88.181�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 195), 21.IX.2004 [43.821�� N, 88.180�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 196), 21.IX.2004 [43.819�� N, 88.186�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 199), 21.IX.2004 [43.817�� N, 88.191�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 202), 21.IX.2004 [43.835�� N, 88.172�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 206), 22.IX.2004 [43.858�� N, 88.177�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 216), 23.IX.2004 [43.868�� N, 88.215�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 217), 23.IX.2004 [43.868�� N, 88.210�� E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 209, 211), 23.IX.2004 [43.859�� N, 88.180�� E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 223, 224), 23.IX.2004 [43.859�� N, 88.175�� E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 230, 233), 23.IX.2004 [43.859�� N, 88.174�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 236), 25.IX.2004 [43.923�� N, 88.233�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 252), 25.IX.2004 [43.943�� N, 88.173�� E]; Bogda Shan (No. 258), 26.IX.2004 [43.936�� N, 88.106�� E]. Kazakhstan: Saur, 25.VII.2001 [47.357�� N, 85.518�� E]. Kyrgyzstan: Kara Bura, 29.VII.1998 [42.250�� N, 71.549�� E]; Kap Tshigai vall. (samples No. 3, 4: type), 16.VII.1998 [42.408�� N, 73.789�� E]. Distribution and biology: Only known from mountain areas of the Turkestanian floristic subregion (Tian Shan, Tarbagatay-Saur, Bogda Shan). Range between 71�� and 89�� E and 42�� and 47�� N. Apparently rare in regions with competing montane and subalpine Serviformica species as observed in the Tian Shan, Tarbagatay and Quin Ling Shan. In contrast, very abundant in the Bogda Shan where these competitors are missing, occupying here a wide altitudinal range from 1380 to 3010 metres. This correlates with variable habitat selection in Bogda Shan: it was found here in pastures of any kind above and below the tree line, in open rural areas, in clear-cuttings of former Picea forest, in habitat mosaics of grassland, Picea and Juniperus and in light Picea forests., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on pages 267-268

Formica clara clara Forel, 1886 Formica rufibarbis var. clara Forel, 1886; Syria: Damascus. Formica rufibarbis var. caucasica Wheeler, 1913; Caucasus. [first available use of Formica rufibarbis ssp. clara var. caucasica Ruzsky, 1905] Formica lusatica Seifert, 1997; Germany: F��rstgen. Type material examined: F. clara: 9 syntype workers labelled " F. rufibarbis v. clara Forel, Damas (Lortet) "; MHN Gen��ve. F. rufibarbis var. caucasica: One worker lectotype labelled " Form. rufib. clara, var. caucasica, Kavkaz Ruzsky " and " Lectotype des.", ZMLSU Moskva. The specimen is badly damaged: pilosity and pubescence of dorsal body surfaces is almost completely torn off and both scapes are lacking. By subjective guess, based upon the ventral pilosity situation and overall impression, the specimen belongs to Formica clara. F. lusatica: Holotype plus 5 paratype workers labelled " Kr. Niesky F��rstgen- 1.5 W 1994.06.19-88 " and " Formica lusatica Seifert Holotyp " / " Formica lusatica Seifert Para-typ ", SMN G��rlitz. Material examined: 199 samples with 734 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Figs. 22, 23): Azerbaijan (1 sample), Bulgaria (1), China (18), Cyprus (1), Czech Republic (1), Finland (8), France (1), Georgia (2), Germany (40), Greece (3), Hungary (1), India (14), Iran (26), Kazakhstan (22), Kyrgyzstan (27), Pakistan (3), Russia (2), Slovakia (1), Switzerland (1), Syria (3), The Netherlands (1), Turkey (22). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 1, Figs. 2, 5, 12, 13): larger than F. cunicularia (CS 1.441 mm), head slightly longer (CL / CW1.4 1.138), distance of lateral ocelli moderate (OceD / CS1.4 0.162); eye smaller than in F. cunicula-ria (EYE / CS1.4 0.290), petiole wide (PEW / CS1.4 0.467). Scape rather long (SL / CS1.4 1.080). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal microcarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 35 - 55 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 10 - 15 �� m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 3.2 (W-population: 3.6, E-population: 2.2), mesonotum 1.4 (W: 1.7, E: 0.8), petiole dorsal of spiracle 0.8 (W: 0.9, E: 0.6), flexor profile of hind tibia 0.6. Posterior margin and underside of head and dorsolat-eral metapleuron as a rule without setae. Ventral coxae with long setae. Dorsum of gaster normally with rather long setae, rarely these are missing. Dorsal mesonotal profile broadly rounded. Metanotal depression in larger individuals relatively deep. Propodeal dome in profile rectangular to round, the basal part sometimes rather linear to concave, whole propodeum flatter in smaller specimens. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view normally broadly convex, in smaller specimens sometimes bluntly angled, in larger specimens occasionally with weakly excavate median portion. Petiole scale in lateral aspect rather thin, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster with transverse mi-croripples of small average distance (RipD 4.4 �� m) and covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.1). Pubescence on head, mesosoma and petiole dense. Typical size-dependent variation of colour pattern in the northern population (F. lusatica): smaller specimens: area between frontal carinae, posterior vertex, dorsal promesonotum, coxae, and all appendages dark brown, all other body parts light reddish; large specimens: whole dorsal head more or less reddish, whole mesosoma and petiole light reddish, but coxae remaining dark brown; gaster in all size-classes dark brown. Colouration in the southern population (F. clara) on average significantly lighter, with predominance of yellowish reddish pigmentation, though specimens with the whole body being more or less dark brown may occur. The type series of F. clara represents a colour extreme: all body parts pale yellowish red with exception of antennal funicu-lus and a patch on dorsocaudal head where brown colour components are added and the gaster which is light brown with a yellowish tinge or even yellowish red (reminiscent of Formica truncorum). Comments on taxonomy: The distinction from the similar species F. cunicularia and the unambiguous position of the type samples of F. cunicularia, F. fusca var. ru-bescens, F. cunicularia fuscoides, F. clara, F. rufibarbis var. sinae and F. lusatica within a DA has already been shown above (see also Fig. 14). We only comment here on the synonymisation of F. lusatica with F. clara. The extreme colour differences and some morphometric deviation between the Syrian type series of F. clara and the northern F. lusatica population has suggested hetero-specificity in a time when the geographic variation of both taxa over their whole Palaearctic range has been poorly known (Seifert 1997). This situation has changed now - 200 nest samples from Eurasia with recording of the complete character set and 62 samples with incomplete character set became available during the last years. Considering all sixteen structural characters and two pigmentation characters, a principal component analysis gave no suggestion on a possible grouping according to geography. We also could not demonstrate two entities by starting with the hypothesis that only material from Syria, Lebanon and Iran represented F. clara, then iteratively running discriminant analyses and forming new hypotheses after each run. The circuit system stabilised at insufficient parameters: only 83.1% of determinations achieved p> 0.95, the error indication by LOOCV was 2.6% and 21% of the samples from Germany and Finland were determined as F. clara which should not be true if the latter one is a separate southern species. The assumed differences between northern and southern populations most probably represent intraspecific clinal variation. Indeed there are detectable some highly significant geographic trends: CS and CL / CW1.4 increase with growing geographical latitude while GHL / CS1.4 falls (all regressions with p, Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on pages 263-265

Formica glabridorsis Santschi, 1925 Formica rufibarbis var. glabridorsis Santschi, 1925; China: Beijing. Type material examined: One syntype worker labelled " Type ", " Pechino S. Folchini 1905", " B. Finzi Coll purch. 1950", " Formia (Servif.) rufibarbis Nyl. glabribarbis Sah Santschi det. 1951", " M. C. Z. CoType 28817"; a second syntype worker without scapes labelled " Pechino S. Fol-chini 1905", " B. Finzi Coll purch.1950", " M. C. Z. CoType 28817", " Jan. - Jun. 2001MCZ Image Database "; both syn-types MCZ Cambridge. Material examined: 6 samples with 21 workers from China were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Fig. 21). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. 6 samples with 21 workers from China were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. China: Peking (type), 1905 [39.93�� N, 116.39�� E, coordinates estimated]; Peking, Summer Palace, 22.VIII.2004 [39.998�� N, 116.273�� E]; Shaanxi, Lintong, 25.VIII.1995 [34.333�� N, 109.267�� E]; Shaanxi, Wei He River, 22.VIII.1995 [34.400�� N, 108.917�� E]; Shaanxi, Zhouzhi, 24.VIII.1995 [34.150�� N, 108.283�� E]; Yunnan, Mekong, 05.VI.2006 [27.048�� N, 99.157�� E]. Description of worker (Tab. 1, Fig. 11): large Servi-formica species (CS 1.425 mm), head very much elongated (CL / CW1.4 1.164), has the longest scape of the F. rufibarbis group (SL / CS1.4 1.184), distance between ocelli rather low (OceD / CS1.4 0.152), eye relatively large (EYE / CS1.4 0.301). Petiole relatively narrow (PEW / CS1.4 0.430). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal mi-crocarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 55 - 75 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with micro-setae of 6 - 9 �� m maximum length. Pronotum, mesonotum, petiole, flexor profile of hind tibia, posterior margin of head, propodeum and dorsolateral metapleuron normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotum in lateral aspect flatly convex. Meta-notal depression moderately deep. Propodeal dome relatively flat. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view convex, sometimes (especially in larger specimens) trapezoidal. Petiole scale in lateral aspect slender, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster with transverse microripples of small [test] distance (RipD 4.2 �� m) and covered by very dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 2.9). Pubescence on head, mesosoma and petiole dense, producing a rather matt surface appearance. Posterior vertex, often dorsal pro-mesonotum, coxae and all appendages brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts reddish brown. Comments on taxonomy: The character combination of F. glabridorsis is unmistakable at least within the East Asian ant fauna. A full separation from the next similar sympatric species F. tianshanica sp. n. is given alone by the non-overlapping SL / CS1.4 and RipD1.4 data (Tab. 1). The most similar Palaearctic species is the disjunct F. persica sp. n. which is separated by 4200 kilometres. A two-class DA considering the characters CS, CL / CW1.4, SL / CS1.4, OceD / CS1.4, EYE / CS1.4, PEW / CS1.4, RipD1.4, and sqPDG1.4 separated each of the 26 nest samples of these two species with p = 1.000 and the error prediction by a LOOCV-DA was 0%. In addition, we ran a PCA (as an unsupervised method) using the same character set and found the first factor (explaining 28.7% of total variance) to offer a very strong separation of both species: F. persica sp. n. factor 1: -0.503 �� 0.323 [0.02, 1.05] n = 20 F. glabridorsis factor 1: -1.675 �� 0.475 [-2.26, -0.97] n = 6 Distribution and biology: The known distribution is coincident with the southwest, central and northeast Chinese floristic provinces of Meusel & J��ger (1992) and ranges from 27�� to 40�� N, 99�� to 116�� E and from 50 metres (in the north) to 1700 metres (in the south). Available habitat information: found in a city park in Beijing and on river banks of Wei Hei and Mekong River., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on pages 269-271

Formica anatolica sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from the distribution in Anatolia. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 4 worker paratypes labelled "TUR: 37.348�� N, 34.360�� E Hal-kapinar-32 rkm SE, Aydos Dagi 1600-1800 m, A. Schulz 1997.05.08-214" and " Holotype Formica anatolica Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica anatolica Seifert & Schultz "; SMN G��rlitz. Material examined: 13 samples with 54 workers from Anatolia (Turkey) were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters (Fig. 18). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 2, Fig. 8): large Servifor-mica species (CS 1.401 mm), head and scape significantly shorter than in F. rufibarbis (CL / CW1.4 1.110, SL / CS1.4 1.031) and eye distinctly larger (EYE / CS1.4 0.303). Petiole very wide (PEW / CS1.4 0.484). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal microcarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 55 - 80 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 8 - 10 �� m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 8.9, mesonotum 4.2, propodeum plus dorsolateral metapleuron 0.1, petiole dorsal of spiracle 0.8, flexor profile of hind tibia 1.4, underside of head 1.6 (only species of the F. rufibarbis group usually having gular setae). Posterior margin of head normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotum in profile broadly convex. Metanotal depression rather deep. Propodeal dome in profile obtuse-angled or rounded, the basal profile sometimes linear or slightly concave. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view rounded, sometimes (especially in larger specimens) with a straight or slightly excavated median portion. Petiole scale in lateral aspect thin, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster with transverse microripples of small distance (RipD 4.6 �� m) and covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.4). Pubescence on head, meso-soma and petiole dense. Posterior vertex, often dorsal pro-mesonotum, coxae and all appendages dark brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts reddish. In overall impression, this species appears relatively dark with remarkable contrasts between brown and reddish parts, especially on genae. Comments on taxonomy: Well separable from any other Palaearctic species. The very clear distinction from the other two setose species, F. rufibarbis and F. tarimica sp. n., has already been presented above (Fig. 15). The short head, short scape, large eye and pilosity on underside of head suggest certain affinities to the F. cinerea group but the very wide petiole scale and overall pilosity pattern indicate an allocation to the F. rufibarbis group. 13 samples with 54 workers were subject to a numeric analysis of 18 characters. Turkey: Halkapinar (type), 8.V.1997 [37.348�� N, 34.36�� E]; Bakirdagi, 10.V.1997 [38.217�� N, 35.917�� E]; Bel��ren (3 samples), 4.VI.1993 [37.211�� N, 32.546�� E]; Cankurtaran, 10.V.2003 [38.155�� N, 31.239�� E]; Carmadi (2 samples), 31. V.1993 [37.823�� N, 35.102�� E]; Imrasan Gecidi (2 samples), 3.V.1997 [37.133�� N, 31.800�� E]; Seydisehir, 5.VI.1993 [37.350�� N, 31.750�� E]; Sylemaniye, 5.VI.1993 [37.100�� N, 31.750�� E]; ��cpinnar, 4.VI.1993 [37.126�� N, 32.250��]. Distribution and biology: So far only known from south-central Anatolia in the region of the Taurus Mountains (Toros Daglari). Occurring there at elevations between 1300 and 1900 m. Most remarkable habitat selection: so far only found in woodland stands with Abies, Juniperus, Quercus and other deciduous tree species, occasionally interspersed with grassland patches., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 267

Formica tianshanica sp. n. Derivatio nominis: from Tian Shan, the region of the first finding. Type material examined: Holotype worker plus 4 worker paratypes labelled "KIR: 42.4079° N, 73.7893° E Kap Tshigai valley, R. Schultz 1998.07.16-004" and " Holotype Formica tianshanica Seifert & Schultz " / " Paratype Formica tianshanica Seifert & Schultz ", SMN Görlitz; 3 mounted paratype workers and 10 paratype workers in ethanol, coll. RS. Material examined: 32 samples with 119 workers were subject to a numeric character analysis (Fig. 21): China (28), Kazakhstan (1), Kyrgyzstan (3). For details, see Appendix, as digital supplementary material to this article, at the journal's web pages. Description of worker (Tab. 1, Figs. 9, 16): small Ser-viformica species (CS 1.220 mm). Compared to F. cuni-cularia, head more elongated (CL / CW1.4 1.143), scape slightly shorter (SL / CL1.4 1.057) and petiole narrower (PEW / CS1.4 0.434). Distance between lateral ocelli moderate (OceD / CS1.4 0.165), eyes rather large (EYE / CS1.4 0.299). Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 25 - 40 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 7 -12 μ m maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 1.7, mesonotum 0.5, flexor profile of hind tibia 0.6. Petiole, posterior margin of head, propodeum, and dorsolateral metapleuron normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotum in lateral aspect broadly convex. Meta-notal depression of moderate depth. Propodeal dome in profile convex, the basal profile sometimes slightly concave, in smaller specimens more or less linear and horizontal. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view bluntly angled in smaller specimens to broadly convex in larger specimens in which the median portion is occasionally linear or weakly excavate. Petiole scale in lateral aspect slender, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster ter-gites with transverse microripples of a significantly larger distance than in F. cunicularia (RipD 6.2 μ m, Fig. 16), increasing from West (W-Tianshan, E-Kazakhstan: 5.7 μ m) to East (Bogda Shan: 6.5 μ m). Dorsum of gaster covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.3). Pubescence on head, mesosoma and petiole less dense, ants appear mildly shining. Posterior vertex, sometimes dorsal promesonotum, coxae, and all appendages normally brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts more or less reddish, in the Bogda Shan population more yellowish-brown. Comments on taxonomy: The character combination and overall phenotypic impression of F. tianshanica sp. n. is similar to that of F. cunicularia and F. persica sp. n., and we assume that these species are closely related allopatric and parapatric species. The discrimination, however, seems to be no problem. A three-class DA considering the characters CS, CL / CW1.4, SL / CS1.4, OceD / CS1.4, EYE / CS1.4, PEW / CS1.4, nPN1.4, nMN1.4, nPRME1.4, nPE1.4, nHFFL1.4, RipD1.4, sqPDG1.4, and PIGM 1.4, separated each of the 138 nest samples of these three species with p> 0.97 and 0% error indication in a LOOCV-DA (Fig. 17). The type samples were allocated to the right clusters with the following probabilities: neotype sample of F. cunicu-laria (p = 1.000), the holotype sample of F. cunicularia fuscoides and syntype sample of F. fusca var. rubescens (both p = 1.000, to F. cunicularia), the holotype sample of F. tianshanica sp. n. (p = 0.999) and holotype sample of F. persica sp. n. (p = 0.998). F. tianshanica sp. n. is in no contact with F. persica sp. n. but is sympatric with F. cunicu-laria in the Tarbagatay-Saur Mountains in East Kazakhstan. There seems to exist no reduction of interspecific pheno-typic contrast in this sympatric region but the small sample size available does not allow to really discuss possible interspecific hybridisation. Considerable morphological variation within the F. tianshanica sp. n. population is apparently existing in the gynes: Two gynes from the Tian Shan and Tarbagatay differ from five gynes from the Bogda Shan by larger CS, smaller OceD / CS and EYE / CS, more voluminous meso-somas and lighter colour. The sparse information currently available does not allow to decide if these differences represent a gyne dimorphism (as for instance found in European Formica fusca) or indicate different allopatric species. Since there are no significant differences between the worker populations of Tian Shan and Bogda Shan, we provisionally assume a gyne polymorphism but the problem needs a detailed investigation by integrative taxonomy. 32 samples with 119 workers were subject to a numeric character analysis of 18 characters. China: Bogda Shan (No. 148), 18.IX.2004 [43.869° N, 88.138° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 152), 18.IX.2004 [43.868° N, 88.138° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 166), 19.IX.2004 [43.871° N, 88.143° E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 173, 174), 19.IX.2004 [43.868° N, 88.143° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 177), 20.IX.2004 [43.864° N, 88.146 E]; Bogda Shan (No. 182), 20.IX.2004 [43.861° N, 88.146° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 186), 20.IX.2004 [43.861° N, 88.144° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 188), 20.IX.2004 [43.852° N, 88.162° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 192), 20.IX.2004 [43.840° N, 88.173° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 193), 20.IX.2004 [43.841° N, 88.173° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 194), 21.IX.2004 [43.821° N, 88.181° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 195), 21.IX.2004 [43.821° N, 88.180° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 196), 21.IX.2004 [43.819° N, 88.186° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 199), 21.IX.2004 [43.817° N, 88.191° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 202), 21.IX.2004 [43.835° N, 88.172° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 206), 22.IX.2004 [43.858° N, 88.177° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 216), 23.IX.2004 [43.868° N, 88.215° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 217), 23.IX.2004 [43.868° N, 88.210° E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 209, 211), 23.IX.2004 [43.859° N, 88.180° E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 223, 224), 23.IX.2004 [43.859° N, 88.175° E]; Bogda Shan (2 samples, No. 230, 233), 23.IX.2004 [43.859° N, 88.174° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 236), 25.IX.2004 [43.923° N, 88.233° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 252), 25.IX.2004 [43.943° N, 88.173° E]; Bogda Shan (No. 258), 26.IX.2004 [43.936° N, 88.106° E]. Kazakhstan: Saur, 25.VII.2001 [47.357° N, 85.518° E]. Kyrgyzstan: Kara Bura, 29.VII.1998 [42.250° N, 71.549° E]; Kap Tshigai vall. (samples No. 3, 4: type), 16.VII.1998 [42.408° N, 73.789° E]. Distribution and biology: Only known from mountain areas of the Turkestanian floristic subregion (Tian Shan, Tarbagatay-Saur, Bogda Shan). Range between 71° and 89° E and 42° and 47° N. Apparently rare in regions with competing montane and subalpine Serviformica species as observed in the Tian Shan, Tarbagatay and Quin Ling Shan. In contrast, very abundant in the Bogda Shan where these competitors are missing, occupying here a wide altitudinal range from 1380 to 3010 metres. This correlates with variable habitat selection in Bogda Shan: it was found here in pastures of any kind above and below the tree line, in open rural areas, in clear-cuttings of former Picea forest, in habitat mosaics of grassland, Picea and Juniperus and in light Picea forests.

Formica stenoptera F��rster, 1850; Germany., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 271

Formica rufibarbis var. montaniformis Kuznetzov-Ugamsky, 1929; Daghestan., Published as part of Seifert, B. & Schultz, R., 2009, A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 255-272 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 12 on page 272

Workers and queens from 224 nest samples of Formica pratensis Retzius originating from all over Europe, but mainly from Germany were investigated for several morphological characters, particularly pilosity. Statistic differences between the hairy N morph (= F. nigricans Emery 1909) and the less hairy P morph in body size, pilosity, geographic frequency, habitat selection and mound construction could be shown but other aspects of external biology coincide. There are no suggestions of reproductive isolation of the morphs which are interpreted as different genotypes of the same population and represent different ecological adaptions. The strong decrease of N morph frequency in pratensis populations from S to N Europe, its higher frequency in more xerothermous habitats in Germany, and its well-documented peculiarity of constructing higher mounds than the P morph for conditions of equal sunexposure characterize the N morph as a genotype adapted to higher temperatures. In Germany, as much as 16% of pratensis nests investigated contained both morphs. Polycalic colonies are found in both morphs but isolated nests predominate. Formica minor pratensoides Gößwald 1951 is a synonym of pratensis and refers to polycalic colonies of the P morph which occasionally occur inside more mesophilic, less sun-exposed forests.

Cardiocondyla mauritanica 69 samples with 138 workers from Afghanistan, Egypt, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kiribati, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Puerto Rico, Pakistan, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Ukraine, and USA (Arizona, California, Florida)., Published as part of Seifert, B., 2008, Cardiocondyla atalanta Forel, 1915, a cryptic sister species of Cardiocondyla nuda (Mayr, 1866) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 43-48 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 11 on page 45

Cardiocondyla nuda Fifty-eight samples with 84 workers in normal print are the basis of the morphological data sets. In further two samples marked with "**", it was not possible to investigate the full character set. These samples could be determined based on PLG and sqPDF and are included in the distribution map. Australia: Cairns district [16.90�� S, 145.80�� E]; Cedar Creek NP, 13.X.1991 [27.75�� S, 153.20�� E]; Giru, 1981 [19.51�� S, 147.13�� E]; Hartleys Creek, 13.VIII.1983 [16.41�� S, 145.36�� E]; Horne Creek, 23.VIII.2004 [13.73�� S, 143.20�� E]; Koolan Island, I.1987 [16.13�� S, 123.75�� E]; Lansdown near Woodstock, 13.IV.1976 [19.67�� S, 146.83�� E]; Lord Howe Island, 3.XII.1966 [31.56�� S, 159.09�� E]; Lord Howe Island, 2.XII.1966 [31.56�� S, 159.09�� E]; Myall Lake, N-side, 28.XII.1977 [32.60�� S, 152.40�� E]; Cardwell, Kirrama, XII.1957 [18.00�� S, 146.80�� E]; Kuranda, 1.XI.1950 [16.82�� S, 145.63�� E]; Barham, 23.III.1960 [35.62�� S, 144.15�� E]; Bulli, V.1915 [34.31�� S, 150.93�� E]; Gove, VII.1982 [11.30�� S, 132.30�� E]; Norfolk, IV.1984 [29.00�� S, 167.93�� E]; Norfolk, Philip Island, III.1984 [29.03�� S, 167.95�� E]; Norfolk, Philip Island, XI.1984 [29.03�� S, 167.95�� E]; Norfolk, Philip Island, IX.1984 [29.11�� S, 167.95�� E]; Rimbija Island, II.1977 [11.10�� S, 136.75�� E]; Rounded Hill - 1 km N, V.1981 [15.17�� S, 145.13�� E]; Rounded Hill, 1980 [15.28�� S, 145.21�� E]; Rounded Hill, 1981 [15.28�� S, 145.21�� E]; Moggil, 17.V. 1951 [27.58�� S, 152.87�� E]; S.W. Rocks, 19.V.1983 [30.88�� S, 153.03�� E]; Thurling Farm, Paddock, X./XI.1977 [17.22�� S, 145.36�� E]; Townsville - 45 km NW, 14.IV.1976 [19.18�� S, 146.55�� E]; Woodstock - 52 km S, 11.IV.1976 [20.07�� S, 146.82�� E]; **Torres Strait, Murray Isl., VII.1974 [9.92�� S, 144.05�� E]. Fiji: Ovalau (leg., Godeffroy, No. 2768), holotype C. nuda [17.68�� S, 178.79�� E]; Saiaro (leg. W.M. Mann) [17.90�� S, 178.00�� E]; Viti Levu, 17.IV.1976 [17.83�� S, 177.94�� E]; Micronesia: Pohnpei, 30.VII.1994 [6.97�� S, 158.22�� E]; Pohnpei, 19.III.2000 [6.97�� S, 158.22�� E]; Pohnpei, Ace, 26.XI.1995 [6.97�� S, 158.22�� E]; Pohnpei, clear area, 26.XI.1995 [6.97�� S, 158.22�� E]. New Guinea: Seleo, 1896 (leg. Biro) [3.15�� S, 142.48�� E]; Huon Peninsula, lower Busu River [6.73�� S, 147.05�� E]; Okapa - 15 km NW, Moife, X.1959 [6.44�� S, 145.51�� E]; Lae - 16 km NW, 12.VI.1972 [6.64�� S, 146.89�� E]; Loloata Island, 24.X.2004 [9.54�� S, 147.29�� E]; Manus: Ndrova Island, 7.V.1972 [2.22�� S, 147.24�� E]; Morobe: Bulolo, 18.XII. 1967 [7.76�� S, 147.59�� E]. Samoa: Upolu (leg. Godef- Fig. 1: Canonical discriminant analysis of the three major clades of the Cardiocondyla nuda group based on sample means: C. mauritanica (squares, n = 69), the forms of C. kagutsuchi complex (rhombs, n = 59) and C. nuda et atalanta (triangles, n = 86). froy) [13.92�� S, 171.74�� W]; Tutuila: Pago Pago, 10.I. 1923 [14.28�� S, 170.70�� W]; Upolu, Le Mafa, 30.III. 1962 [13.88�� S, 171.90�� W]; Upolu: Alagaogao, 19.III. 1962 [13.90�� S, 171.70�� W]. Solomon Islands: Honiara, 16.VI.1954 [9.43�� S, 159.94�� E]; Guadalcanal, 23.XII.1964 [9.64�� S, 160.19�� E]; Isabel: Buala, 14.XII.1964 [8.16�� S, 159.62�� E]; Malaita, 16.II.1965 [9.05�� S, 161.00�� E]; Santa Catalina, 5.VII.1933 [9.70�� S, 160.00�� E]; ^Guadalcanal, Tenavatu, 13.XII.1954 [9.43�� S, 160.10�� E]. Tonga: Tonga Tabu (leg. Godeffroy) [21.18�� S, 175.22�� W]. Vanuatu: Aneityum, IX.1930 [16.50�� S, 167.60�� E]. Wallis and Futuna: Futuna: Mt. Puke, 1965 [14.30�� S, 178.15�� W]; Futuna: Nuku, III.1965 [14.30�� S, 178.15�� W]; Nuku Hifala, 30.III.1965 [14.30�� S, 178.00�� W]; Nuku Tapu, III./IV.1965 [14.30�� S, 178.00�� W]; Uvea, Matu-Utu, II. 1965 [13.26�� S, 176.16�� W]., Published as part of Seifert, B., 2008, Cardiocondyla atalanta Forel, 1915, a cryptic sister species of Cardiocondyla nuda (Mayr, 1866) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., pp. 43-48 in Myrmecologische Nachrichten 11 on page 45

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