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Mustelus mosis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899 Hardnose Houndshark Mustelus mosis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899: 8, pl. 7 (fig. 3 + a–d). Syntypes: ZMB 4501 (1). Type locality: Red Sea. Local synonymy: Mustelus mosis: Bass et al., 1986: 82, fig. 9.26; Compagno, 1988a: 223; Compagno et al., 1989: 58, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 119; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 64; Compagno et al., 2005: 275, fig., pl. 48; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 421, fig., pl. 58; NPOA, 2013: 44; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 145; Weigmann, 2016: 885. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6229, SAIAB 7979, SAIAB 9499, SAIAB 10739, SAIAB 19387. South African distribution: KZN from about Durban to the border with Mozambique. Remarks: Van der Elst (1981) tentatively identified this species as Mustelus canis (non Mitchill), a western North Atlantic species, but Bass et al. (1986) subsequently identified it as M. mosis. Although its range in South African waters is only from about Durban north to Kosi Bay, it appears to have a very large regional range, occurring into the northern Indian Ocean (assuming it is the same species). A detailed revision of the WIO Mustelus is needed to clarify the status of this and other species in the region. Conservation status: NT (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Hemprich, F. W. & Ehrenberg, C. G. (1899) Symbolae physicae, seu icones adhuc ineditae ... ex itineribus per Libyam, AEgyptiam, Nubiam, Dongolam, Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam publico institutis sumptu ... studio annis MDCCCXX - MDCCCXXV redierunt. Zoologica. Symbolae physicae, seu icones adhuc ineditae. Reimer, Berolini [Berlin], 17 pp.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Van der Elst, R. (1981) A Guide to the Common Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town, 367 pp."]}

Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839) Silky Shark Carcharias (Prionodon) falciformis Bibron in M̹ller & Henle, 1839: 47. Holotype: MNHN 0000-1134. Type locality: Cuba, Western Atlantic. Local synonymy: Carcharhinus falciformis: D’Aubrey, 1964a: 34, pl. 17; Bass et al., 1973: 29, fig. 11; Garrick, 1982: 159, figs. 73–74; Compagno, 1984b: 470, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 72, fig. 9.7; Compagno, 1988a: 7; Compagno et al., 1989: 70, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Compagno et al., 2005: 295, fig., pl. 51; Ebert et al., 2013: 464, fig., pl. 62; NPOA, 2013: 41; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 35, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 246; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Compagno, 2016: 1303; Weigmann, 2016: 855. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 202926. South African distribution: Central KZN to the border with Mozambique. Remarks: A common offshore, pelagic species in warm temperate to tropical seas, C. falciformis was not recorded in the area until the 1960s when D’Aubrey (1964a) reported it from off Durban. It is frequently misidentified with C. obscurus. Conservation status: VU (2017)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168.","Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Raja ocellifera Regan, 1906a Twineyed Skate Raja ocellifera Regan, 1906a: 2, Pl. 2. Syntypes: BMNH 1905.6.8.14 (1), NMP (1); probable syntype BMNH 1895.12. 27.14 (1). Type locality: Algoa Bay, northeast of Bird Island, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Local synonymy: Raia ocellifera: Regan, 1906a: 2, Pl. 2; Regan, 1908a: 242; Garman, 1913: 365 (South Africa, in part); Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916; 270; von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 5; Barnard, 1925: 67; Fowler, 1925b: 193; von Bonde, 1933: 51; Barnard, 1947: 26, fig. 2, pl. 4; Smith, 1949a: 66, pl. 3; Smith, 1964: 285; Smith, 1965: 66, pl. 3. Raja ocellifera: Thompson, 1914: 158; Norman, 1935: 42; Fowler, 1941: 375; Hulley, 1969: 137, figs. 1–3; Last & Séret, 2016: 477; Last et al., 2016f: 23; Last et al., 2016g: 326, fig. 19.117. Raja miraletus: Thompson, 1914: 158; Fowler, 1936: 114; Fowler, 1941: 375 (in part, including Raia parcomaculata in synonymy); Wallace, 1967a: 31, figs. 16–17; Hulley, 1969: 137, figs, 1–2c; Hulley, 1970: 179, fig. 9, pl. 7b; Hulley, 1972a: 86, figs. 58–59; Hulley, 1986: 123, fig. 25.14, pl. 6; Stehmann, 1995: 106; Compagno, 1999: 116; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 81; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 139, fig. 7a; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 121; Ebert et al., 2008: 92; NPOA, 2013: 54; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 955. Raia miraletus: von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 5; Barnard, 1925: 68 (in part, not types of Cruriraja parcomaculata); Clark, 1926: 9 (Cape Colony, Mossel Bay). Raja (Raja) miraletus: Compagno et al., 1989: 96, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 102. South Africa voucher material: Syntypes: BMNH 1905.6.8.14 (1), NMP (1); Probable syntype: BMNH 1895.12. 27.14 (1). Non-types: SAIAB 7842, SAIAB 8067, SAIAB 8270, SAIAB 11148, SAIAB 11149, SAIAB 11150, SAIAB 12007, SAIAB 12031, SAIAB 12194, SAIAB 13313, SAIAB 14621, SAIAB 16518, SAIAB 17227, SAIAB 17414, SAIAB 26903, SAIAB 26904, SAIAB 26905, SAIAB 26906, SAIAB 26907, SAIAB 27152, SAIAB 27153, SAIAB 27154, SAIAB 27155, SAIAB 27156, SAIAB 44240, SAIAB 44250. South African distribution: Possibly endemic to South Africa. Confirmed from Western Cape to Port Alfred (EC) and from Durban to Richards Bay (KZN). Records outside of South Africa require confirmation. Remarks: Recent molecular and morphological data reveal that the South African form is distinct from other similar species in the Eastern Atlantic. The reported range from southern Namibia to KZN, and possibly extending to Kenya, requires confirmation as records from north of South Africa may represent different species. Conservation status: EN (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 83-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Regan, C. T. (1906 a) Descriptions of new or little-known fishes from the coast of Natal. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1 (1), 1 - 6.","Regan, C. T. (1908 a) A collection of fishes from the coasts of Natal, Zululand and Cape Colony. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1 (3), 241 - 255.","Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates, and rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 36, 1 - 515.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1916) A catalogue of the sea fishes recorded from Natal. Part I. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1 (3), 255 - 290.","von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Fowler, H. W. (1925 b) Fishes from Natal, Zululand and Portuguese East Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1925, 77, 187 - 268.","von Bonde, C. (1933) Report no 10 for the year ending December, 1932. Report of Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey for 1932, including lists of fishes, etc., lists of stations of the R. S. Africana, and salinity results obtained during 1932. Union of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Report, 10, 1933, 4 - 109.","Barnard, K. H. (1947) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1964) Fishes collected by Dr T. Mortenson off the coast of South Africa in 1929, with an account of the genus Cruriraja Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954 in South Africa. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 126, 283 - 300.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Norman, J. R. (1935) Coast fishes, Part. I. The South Atlantic. ' Discovery' Reports, 12, 1 - 58.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Hulley, P. A. (1969) The relationship between Raja miraletus Linnaeus and Raja ocellifera Regan based on a study of the clasper. Annals of the South African Museum, 52 (6), 137 - 147.","Seret, B. & Last, P. R. (2016) Giant stingray. Family Plesiobatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 674 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Fowler, H. W. (1936) The marine fishes of West Africa based on the collection of the American Museum Congo expedition, 1909 - 1915. Part 1. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 70 (1), 1 - 605.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 a) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part III: skates and electric rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 17, 1 - 62.","Hulley, P. A. (1970) An investigation of the Rajidae of the west and south coasts of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55, 151 - 220.","Hulley, P. A. (1972 a) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442499","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Clark, R. S. (1926) Rays and skates. A revision of the European species. Fishery Board for Scotland, Scientific Investigations, 1, 1 - 66.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664"]}

Carcharhinus humani White & Weigmann, 2014 Human’s Whaler Shark Carcharhinus humani White & Weigmann, 2014: 72, figs. 1–6. Holotype: ZMH 26030. Type locality: Off Socotra Islands, 12°04'48"S, 53°12'36"W – 12°09'12"S, 53°10'06"W. Local synonymy: Carcharhinus dussumieri: Smith, 1952e: 22, fig. 3; Smith, 1952b: 858; Smith, 1965: 42, fig. 8. Carcharhinus menisorrah: Smith, 1961b: 29. Carcharhinus tjutjot: D’Aubrey, 1964a: 41, pl. 23; Davies & Joubert, 1966: 15; Davies & Joubert, 1967: 121; Garrick, 1967: 8. Carcharhinus sealei: Bass et al., 1973: 70, fig. 28, pl.14; Garrick, 1982: 48, fig. 24; Compagno, 1984b: 497, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 76, fig. 9, pl. 9.16; Compagno, 1988a: 327; Compagno et al., 1989: 68, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Compagno et al., 2005: 305, fig., pl. 60; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146. Carcharhinus humani: White & Weigmann, 2014: 72, figs. 1–6; Weigmann, 2016: 856. South Africa voucher material: Paratype: ANSP 25838. Non-types: SAIAB [ex ORI 914] 6117, SAIAB [ex ORI E4] 6218, SAIAB 8021, SAIAB 10738, SAIAB 13023, SAIAB 201701. South African distribution: Port Shepstone and north to the KZN border with Mozambique; south of Port Shepstone there are unconfirmed reports. Remarks: White & Weigmann (2014) revised the dussumieri - sealei group and described C. humani as a new species. Previous accounts of this species in South African and WIO literature appeared as C. tjutjot and more recently the name C. sealei is used, but neither species occur in the WIO. Conservation status: DD (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["White, W. T. (2014) A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera. Zootaxa, 3860 (2), 149 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3860.2.3","Smith, J. L. B. (1952 e) We need information about sharks: anglers can help science. South African Angler, 6 (11), 6 - 7, 22.","Smith, J. L. B. (1952 b) Carcharhinus zambezensis Peters, 1852, notes on other chondrichthyan fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 857 - 863. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654359","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 b) Are we on the right road with sharks? Field & Tide, 3 (6), 18 - 20, 29.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Davies, D. H. & Joubert, L. S. (1966) Tag evaluation and shark tagging in South African waters. Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 12, 1 - 36.","Davies, D. H. & Joubert, L. S. (1967) Tag evaluation and shark tagging in South African waters. 1964 - 65. In: Gilbert, P. W., Mathewson, R. F. & Rall, D. P. (Eds.), Sharks, Skates, and Rays. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 111 - 140.","Garrick, J. A. F. (1967) A broad view of Carcharhinus species, their systematics and distribution. In: Gilbert, P. W., Mathewson, R. F. & Rall, D. P. (Eds.), Sharks, Skates, and Rays. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 85 - 91.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168.","Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758) Angular Rough Shark Squalus centrina Linnaeus, 1758: 233. Holotype: Unknown. Type locality: “Habitat in mari Mediterranao” [Mediterranean Sea]. Local synonymy: Oxynotus centrina: Barnard, 1949: 970; Smith, 1965: 513, fig. 54a; Penrith, 1969: 60; Compagno, 1984a: 127, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 59, fig. 5.21; Compagno et al., 1989: 20, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 115; Compagno et al., 2005: 123, fig., pl. 13; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 163, fig., pl. 16; Ebert, 2015: 101, fig. 116; Ebert & Mostada, 2015: 16, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 145; Compagno, 2016: 1203; Weigmann, 2016: 899. Oxynotus sp.: Bass et al., 1976: 8, fig. 5. Oxynotus shubnikovi Myagkov, 1986: 171, fig. 59; Compagno et al., 1991: 72. South Africa voucher material: SAM 22507. South Africa distribution: A very rare species in South African waters known from a specimen off Cape Town (WC) (Barnard, 1949). Remarks: Myagkov (1986) named a new species O. shubnikovi from northern Namibia, but a review of the available regional material found no distinct characteristics to separate it from the European O. centrina. Conservation status: VU (2007)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Barnard, K. H. (1949) Occurrence of the spiny dogfish Oxynotus centrina in South African waters. Nature, 164, 970. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 164970 b 0","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Penrith, M. J. (1969) New records of deep-water fishes from South West Africa. Cimbebasia, Series A, 1 (3), 59 - 75.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Myagkov, N. A. & Kondyurin, V. V. (1986) Dogfishes Squalus (Squalidae), of the Atlantic Ocean and comparative notes on the species of this genus from other regions. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 26 (4), 560 - 575.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664"]}

Genus Aetobatus Blainville, 1816 Pelagic Eagle Rays Aetobatus Blainville, 1816: 112. Type species: usually given as Raja narinari Euphrasen, 1790, by subsequent designation by M̹ller & Henle (1837 or 1838)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique, Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124.","Euphrasen, B. A. (1790) Raja (Narinari). Kongliga Vetenskaps Akademiens nya Handlingar, Stockholm, 11 (for 1790), 217 - 219.","M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1837 a) Gattungen der Haifische und Rochen nach einer von ihm mit Hrn. Henle unternommenen gemeinschaftlichen Arbeit ʾ ber die Naturgeschichte der Knorpelfische. Bericht Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1837, 111 - 118."]}

Torpedo fuscomaculata Peters, 1855 Blackspotted Electric Ray Torpedo fuscomaculata Peters, 1855: 466. Lectotype: ZMB 4573. Type locality: Angoxe [Angoche], Ibo, Mozambique, Western Indian Ocean. Local synonymy: Torpedo smithii: G̹nther, 1870: 451 (original description, South Africa); Gilchrist, 1902: 167; Thompson, 1914: 160. Narcobatus smithi: Barnard, 1925: 90. Torpedo fuscomaculata: Smith, 1964: 292; Wallace, 1967a: 49, figs. 25–26; Compagno, 1986: 112, fig. 23.1, pl. 5; Compagno et al., 1989: 80, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 116; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 77; NPOA, 2013: 51; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert et al., 2015: 237; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; de Carvalho et al., 2016: 197, fig. 18.12; Weigmann, 2016: 915. Torpedo cf. fuscomaculata: Compagno, 1999: 116. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 2743, SAIAB 2876, SAIAB 3576, SAIAB 7835, SAIAB 7843, SAIAB 8530, SAIAB 10254, SAIAB 11126, SAIAB 11127, SAIAB 11128, SAIAB 11130, SAIAB 11131, SAIAB 11780, SAIAB 12189, SAIAB 12190, SAIAB 12876, SAIAB 12981, SAIAB 13613, SAIAB 14622, SAIAB 15428, SAIAB 16733, SAIAB 25349, SAIAB 25929, SAIAB 26454, SAIAB 26455, SAIAB 26499, SAIAB 26500, SAIAB 26501, SAIAB 26502, SAIAB 26883, SAIAB 26962, SAIAB 37572, SAIAB 38693, SAIAB 40773, SAIAB 42736, SAIAB 44184, SAIAB 44209, SAIAB 46279, SAIAB 48225, SAIAB 48520, SAIAB 48535, SAIAB 49161, SAIAB 51960, SAIAB 52006, SAIAB 52658, SAIAB 54205, SAIAB 54850, SAIAB 54851, SAIAB 54852, SAIAB 54853, SAIAB 54854, SAIAB 65713, SAIAB 78295, SAIAB 186533. South African distribution: Cape Agulhas (WC) to northern KZN. Remarks: This species may be a complex of several regional species throughout the WIO.A review of this complex is currently under investigation (D.A. Ebert & M.R. de Carvalho, unpubl. data). Conservation status: DD (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Peters, W. (C. H.) (1855) Ubersicht der in Mossambique beobachteten Seefische. Bericht ̡ ber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der K ˆ niglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1855, 428 - 466.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1964) Fishes collected by Dr T. Mortenson off the coast of South Africa in 1929, with an account of the genus Cruriraja Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954 in South Africa. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 126, 283 - 300.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 a) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part III: skates and electric rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 17, 1 - 62.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A., Haas, D. L. & de Carvalho, M. R. (2015) Tetronarce cowleyi sp. nov., a new species of electric ray from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes: Torpediformes: Torpedinidae). Zootaxa, 3936 (2), 237 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3936.2.4","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Seret, B. & de Carvalho, M. R. (2016) Sixgill stingrays. Family Hexatrygonidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 509 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935 Pelagic Thresher Shark Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935: 2, 3, pl. 1, fig. 2. Syntypes: location unknown. Type locality: Su-Ao fish market, Taiwan. Local synonymy: Alopias pelagicus: D’Aubrey, 1964a: 18, pl. 5 (Natal = A. vulpinnus); Bass et al., 1975c: 34, fig. 17; Compagno, 1984a: 229, fig.; Bass, 1986: 102, fig. 16.1; Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 13; Compagno et al., 1989: 42, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 118; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 72; Compagno et al., 2005: 179, fig., pl. 29; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 226, fig., pl. 27; NPOA, 2013: 49; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 57, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 246; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 145; Weigmann, 2016: 848. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6247 [former ORI 2789], SAIAB 27436. South African distribution: KZN coast to the border with Mozambique. Remarks: Often confused with A. vulpinus. Caught commercially in various fisheries (NPOA, 2013). Conservation status: EN (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Nakamura, H. (1935) On the two species of the thresher shark from Formosan waters. Memoirs Faculty Science Taihoku Imperial University Formosa, 14, 1 - 6.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 c) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. IV. The families Odontaspididae, Scapanorhynchidae, Isuridae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Orectolobidae and Rhiniodontidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 39, 1 - 102.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Rhinochimaera africana Compagno, Stehmann, & Ebert, 1990 Paddlenose Chimaera Rhinochimaera africana Compagno, Stehmann, & Ebert, 1990: 206, figs. 2–5. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 27744. Type locality: West of Doring Bay, Western Cape, South Africa, 31°59.8'S, 15°56.2'E. Local synonymy: Rhinochimaera atlantica: Penrith, 1969: 66 (in part); Shcherbachev, 1978: 8 (in part, South Africa: off Atlantic side of Agulhas Bank (WC) and off Kosi Bay (KZN); Compagno, 1986: 146 (in part, KZN). Rhinochimaera pacifica: Shcherbachev et al., 1982: 28 (in part, records from Shcherbachev 1978 from Agulhas Bank and Kosi Bay). Rhinochimaera sp.: Compagno et al., 1989: 122, pl. Rhinochimaera africana: Compagno et al., 1990: 206, figs. 2–5; Compagno et al., 1991: 115; Compagno, 1999: 120; Didier et al., 2012: 100; Ebert, 2014: 104, fig. 167; Ebert, 2015: 204, fig. 234; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 148; Weigmann, 2016: 1005. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAIAB 27744. Paratypes, (4): SAM 23123, ZMMU P 14392, ZIL 48699, ISH 1 / 90 (ex ZMMU P 14393). South African distribution: Scattered records off Doring Bay (WC) to Kosi Bay (KZN), but likely to occur off the entire South African coast. Remarks: The species had been misidentified with R. atlantica until Compagno et al. (1990) recognized it as distinct. Records of R. atlantica from off Kosi Bay are actually R. africana. Conservation status: DD (2016).

Etmopterus bigelowi Shirai & Tachikawa, 1993 Blurred Lanternshark Etmopterus bigelowi Shirai & Tachikawa, 1993: 487, figs. 1, 2, 5. Holotype: HUMZ 100176. Type locality: off Angola, 11°37'S, 05°13'W, southeastern Atlantic. Local synonymy: Etmopterus bigelowi: Compagno, 1999: 114; Compagno et al., 2005: 95, fig., pl. 8; Ebert, 2013: 83, fig. 104; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 125, fig., pl. 10; Ebert & Mostarda, 2015: 30, fig.; Ebert, 2015: 75, fig. 81; Ebert & Mostarda, 2015: 27, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Compagno, 2016: 1186; Weigmann, 2016: 894. South Africa voucher material: FAKU 46064, FSFL-S 427, HUMZ 74378. Several uncatalogued SAM specimens from off Mossel Bay (WC). South Africa distribution: Scattered records from off the west coast (NC) to KZN. Remarks: The occurrence of this species off South Africa is patchy, but this may be due to misidentification with E. pusillus. Conservation status: LC (2020).

Genus Sphyrna Rafinesque, 1810a Hammerhead Sharks Sphyrna Rafinesque, 1810a: 60. Type species: Squalus zygaena Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1838)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 a) s. n. In: Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Part 1 (involves fishes). Sanfilippo, Palermo, pp. 3 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Bonaparte, C. L. (1838) s. n. In: Selachorum tabula analytica. Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali e rendiconto dei lavori dell'Accademia della Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna con appendice agraria, Bologna, 2, 195 - 214."]}

Bathytoshia lata (Garman, 1880) Brown Stingray Trygon lata Garman, 1880: 170. Holotype (unique): MCZ 129 -S. Type locality: Hawaiian Islands. Local synonymy: Dasyabatis agulhensis: Barnard, 1925: 78 (original description, holotype apparently lost, caught on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa); Fowler, 1941: 418; Smith, 1949a: 70. Dasyatis lubricus: Smith, 1957e: 429, pl. 15 (original description, Algoa Bay, holotype SAIAB [former RUSI] 431); Smith, 1961a: 565, fig. 79a, pl. 108. Dasyatis thetidis: Wallace, 1967c: 40, fig. 20; Compagno & Heemstra, 1984: 3; Compagno, 1986: 137, fig. 30.4; Compagno et al., 1989: 102, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 117; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 969. Bathytoshia lata: Last et al. 2016h: 354; Last et al. 2016i: 532, fig. 25.3. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 431 (Holotype of D. lubricus). SAIAB 7868 [former ORI B842], SAIAB 7878 [former ORI B806], SAIAB 7890 [former ORI B843], SAIAB 26642, SAIAB 26969, SAIAB 27443, SAIAB 27575, SAIAB 40960, SAIAB 79496. South African distribution: Cape Agulhas (WC) to Kosi Bay (KZN). Remarks: Barnard (1925) first reported this species in South African waters by describing Dasyatis agulhensis as a new species. Smith (1957e) also described it as a new species, D. lubricus, from off Algoa Bay, but both these species were synonymized by Wallace (1967c) as D. thetidis, which was long considered valid until Last et al. (2016h) revised the family and concluded that it is Bathytoshia lata, a wide-ranging species of large stingray found in the Indo-Pacific and Eastern Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea. Conservation status: NE. Genus Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810a Fintail Stingrays Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810a: 16. Type species: Dasyatis ujo Rafinesque, 1810a, by monotypy, a junior synonym of D. pastinaca (Linneaus, 1758)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Garman, S. (1880) New species of selachians in the museum collection. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 6 (11), 167 - 172.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1957 e) Dasyatid rays new to South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 10 (116), 429 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935708655980","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 c) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part II: manta, eagle, duckbill, cownose, butterfly and sting rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 16, 1 - 56.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (1984) Himantura draco, a new species of stingray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from South Africa, with a key to the Dasyatidae and the first record of Dasyatis kuhlii (M ʾ ller & Henle, 1841) from southern Africa. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication, 33, 1 - 17.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. (2016 h) A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139 (3), 345 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.3.2","Last, P. R., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M., Naylor, G. J. P. & White, W. T. (2016 i) Stingrays. Family Dasyatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 522 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 a) s. n. In: Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Part 1 (involves fishes). Sanfilippo, Palermo, pp. 3 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418"]}

Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Blacktip Reef Shark Carcharias melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 194, pl. 43 (figs. 1, 2). Lectotype: MNHN 0000-1129; lectotype designation by Eschmeyer (1998). Type locality: Pulau Waigeo, West Papua, Indonesia. Local synonymy: The synonymy for this species in South African waters is long and convoluted, and most of the “black-tipped” sharks are of other Carcharhinus species. A discussion of the issue is presented below in the Remarks section. South Africa voucher material: None. South African distribution: Possibly northern KZN, but unconfirmed in South African waters. Remarks: Carcharhinus melanopterus has a checkered history of uncertainty as to whether it occurs in South African waters. The first record of this species was based on a specimen provided by Andrew Smith to the [British] Natural History Museum (probably around 1839) with the exact locality uncertain since the only information given was labelled “Cape Seas”. Subsequent authors listed it as occurring in South African waters, but the name “black-tipped” shark is used indiscriminately for several species of black or dusky fin tipped sharks. References to this species occurring in KZN or Cape waters can usually be traced back to either Gray (1851) or G̹nther (1870) who both cited Andrew Smith’s specimen at the Natural History Museum (Bass et al., 1973). According to Bass et al. (1973), Andrew Smith’s specimen was still in existence and they were able to confirm its identification. However, Bass et al. (1973) commented that there were no records of this species from East Africa south of 22°S. The species does occur in southern Mozambique and it would not be unexpected if it ranged into the northern most area of KZN, but we could not verify any confirmed records or sightings of this species in South African waters. We include this species here since it has been widely listed as occurring in KZN with the hope that if it does occur here it will be confirmed. Conservation status: VU (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. (1824) Description des Poissons. Chapter IX. In: de Freycinet, L., Voyage autour du Monde ... execute sur les corvettes de L. M. \" L'Uranie \" et \" La Physicienne, \" pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Paris. Description des Poissons. Chapter IX, 1824, pp. 1 - 328.","Gray, J. E. (1851) List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. British Museum (Natural History), London, 160 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168."]}

Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Forsskål, 1775) Giant Sandshark Raja djiddensis Forsskål, 1775: 18. No known types. Type locality: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Luhaiya, Yemen, Red Sea. Local synonymy: Rhynchobatus djeddensis: Barnard, 1925: 58, pl. 3; Fowler, 1941: 300; Barnard, 1959: 22, fig. 9, pl. 3; Smith, 1949a: 63, fig. 60; Smith, 1961a: 63, fig. 60; Smith, 1965: 63, fig. 60; Wallace, 1967b: 11, figs. 5–6. Rhynchobatus djiddensis: Norman, 1926: 944; Compagno, 1986: 131, fig. 27.7, pl. 4; Compagno et al., 1989: 76, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 115; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 79; Mann, 2013: 149; NPOA, 2013: 58; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Last et al., 2016b: 472; Last et al., 2016d: 70, fig. 9.4; Weigmann, 2016: 918. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 21209, SAIAB 48823, SAIAB 53229, SAIAB 88254. South African distribution: Knysna (EC) to KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: Early reports of this species commented on it being a regular visitor to KZN during the summer months and it being one of the gamest fishes along the coast (Barnard, 1925). This appears to be the only confirmed Rhynchobatus species in South African waters and it appears to mostly be replaced by R. australiae in southern Mozambique. Although there are no confirmed records of R. australiae in South African waters it would not be unexpected as it is common in southern Mozambique. Conservation status: CR (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Forsskal, P. S. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit ... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. ex officina M ˆ lleri, Hauniae, 20 + xxxiv + 164 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2154","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Barnard, K. H. (1959) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 b) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part I: sawfishes and guitarfishes. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 15, 1 - 32.","Norman, J. R. (1926) A synopsis of the rays of the family Rhinobatidae, with a revision of the genus Rhinobatus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1926 (4), 941 - 982. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 02228. x","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Seret, B. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2016 b) A new species of guitarfish, Rhinobatos borneensis sp. nov. with a redefinition of the family-level classification in the order Rhinopristiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea). Zootaxa, 4117 (4), 451 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4117.4.1","Last, P. R., White, W. T. & Seret, B. (2016 d) Wedgefishes. Family Rhinidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 65 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Notorynchus cepedianus (Péron, 1807) Broadnose Sevengill Shark Squalus cepedianus Péron, 1807: 337. Holotype: unknown. Type locality: Adventure Bay, Tasmania, Australia. Local synonymy: Heptanchus indicus: Bleeker, 1860b: 58 (listed Cape seas). Notidanus indicus: G̹nther, 1870: 399; Gilchrist, 1902: 165. Heptranchias haswelli: Ogilby, 1897: 62 (original description based on jaws possibly from Cape of Good Hope, but Ogilby questioned the accuracy of this location). Heptranchias indicus: Thompson, 1914: 134. Heptranchias pectorosus: Barnard, 1925: 21, fig. 1, pl. 1; Smith, 1949a: 39. Notorynchus platycephalus: Fowler, 1925: 188. Heptranchias cepedianus: Smith, 1949a: 38, fig. 2. Notorynchus pectorosus: Smith [M.M.], 1975: 10. Notorynchus cepedianus: Bass et al., 1975d: 14, fig. 8; Compagno, 1984a: 22, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 47, fig. 2.4; Compagno et al., 1989: 18, pl.; Ebert, 1990: 60, fig. 3.13; Ebert, 1991a: 455; Ebert, 1991b: 565; Ebert, 1996: 93; Compagno, 1999: 114; Ebert, 2002b: 517; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 52, fig.; Compagno et al., 2005: 68, fig., pl. 1; Barnett et al., 2012: 967; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 70, fig., pl. 1; Mann, 2013: 86; NPOA, 2013: 36; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Compagno, 2016: 1151; Weigmann, 2016: 888. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 1503, SAIAB 1504, SAIAB 4679, SAIAB 7653, SAIAB 10691, SAIAB 12831, SAIAB 19378, SAIAB 44245, SAIAB 46924. South Africa distribution: The Orange River (NC) to East London (EC). Remarks: This species is most common along the south coast and WC, but seasonally may range to at least East London (EC). Conservation status: VU (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Peron, F. (1807) Voyage de Decouvertes aux Terres Australes, execute par ordre de sa majeste l'Empereur et Roi, sur les Corvettes la Geographe, la Naturaliste et la Goulette le Casuarina, pendant les annees 1800, 1801, 1803 et 1804. De l'Imprimerie imperiale, Paris, 496 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 44096","Bleeker, P. (1860 b) Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Japan. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Fowler, H. W. (1925 a) Descriptions of three new marine fishes from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 5 (2), 195 - 200.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 d) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. V. The families Hexanchidae, Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Pristiophoridae, and Squatinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 43, 1 - 50.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (1990) The taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes: Hexanchiformes). Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 308 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (1991 a) Observations on the predatory behaviour of the sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianus. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 455 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287637","Ebert, D. A. (1991 b) Diet of the sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianus, in the temperate coastal waters of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 565 - 572. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287547","Ebert, D. A. (1996) Biology of the sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianus (Peron, 1807), in the temperate coastal waters of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 17, 93 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776196784158545","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. (2002 b) Ontogenetic changes in the diet of the sevengill shark (Notorynchus cepedianus). Marine and Freshwater Research, 53, 517 - 523.","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Barnett, A., Braccini, J. M., Awruch, C. A. & Ebert, D. A. (2012) An overview on the role of Hexanchiformes in marine ecosystems: biology, ecology and conservation status of a primitive order of modern sharks. Journal Fish Biology, 80, 966 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.2012.03242. x","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Haploblepharus edwardsii (Schinz, 1822) Puffadder Shyshark Squalus edwardsii Schinz, 1822: 214 (in van Oijen, 2001). Neotype: SAM 36079. Type locality: Millers Point, False Bay, Western Cape Province, South Africa, 34°14'S, 18°28.6'E. Local synonymy: Squalus edwardsii: Schinz, 1822: 214. Scyllium edwardsii: M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 4, pl.; Gray, 1851: 28; Duméril, 1853: 79; Bleeker, 1860b: 57; G̹nther, 1870: 401; Gilchrist, 1902: 164; Lampe, 1914: 213. Scyllium edwardsii: Voigt, in Cuvier, 1832: 504 (in van Oijen, 2001). Catulus edwardii: Smith, 1837: 85. Scyliorhinus edwardsii: Regan, 1908b: 463. Scylliorhinus edwardsi: Thompson, 1914: 137; Barnard, 1925: 41. Scylliorhinus edwardsii: Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916: 283; Gilchrist, 1922a: 4. Haploblepharus edwardsii: Smith, 1950: 879, fig. 1; Smith, 1965: 512, fig. 39a; Bass et al., 1975a: 17, fig. 11a (in part, illustration is actually H. kistnasamyi); Springer, 1979: 88; Compagno, 1984b: 332, fig.; Bass, 1986: 91, (fig. 11.8 caption as H. edwardsii is actually H. kistnassamyi); Compagno, 1988a: 15; Compagno et al., 1989: 50, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 119; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 66; Compagno et al., 2005: 234, fig., pl. 40; Human & Compagno, 2006: 41; Human, 2007: 7, fig. 3; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 354, fig., pl. 48; NPOA, 2013: 46; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 876. (non) Haploblepharus edwardsii: Smith, 1950: 54, fig. 39 (= H. fuscus). South Africa voucher material: Human (2007) provides an extensive list of specimens in the SAM. South African distribution: Endemic. This species is confirmed from Langebaan Lagoon (WC) to Algoa Bay (EC) (Human, 2007), but is most common from False Bay to southeast of Cape Agulhas (WC). Records of this species from East London (EC) could be this species or more likely H. kistnasamyi (Human, 2007). Remarks: This species was the most common Haploblepharus species between False Bay and Hermanus (WC) during the 1980s and early 1990s, but in recent years appears to have been replaced in this area by H. pictus due to cooling oceanographic conditions. Conservation status: EN (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Schinz, H. R. (1822) Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie. Vol. 2. Mit vielen Zusatzenversehen von H. R. Schinz. Cotta, Stuttgart and T ʾ bingen, 835 pp.","van Oijen, M. J. P. (2001) Squalus edwardsii (currrently Haploblepharus edwardsii; Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes): proposed attribution to Schinz (1822) and conservation of edwardsii as the correct original spelling. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 58 (4), 294 - 296.","M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1838 c) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 1 - 28.","Gray, J. E. (1851) List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. British Museum (Natural History), London, 160 pp.","Dumeril, A. H. A. (1853) Monographie de la tribu des Scylliens ou Roussettes (poissons plagiostomes) comprenant deux especes nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, Series 2, 5, 8 - 25 + 73 - 87 + 119 - 130.","Bleeker, P. (1860 b) Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Japan. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.","Lampe, M. 1914. Die fische der Deutschen S ʾ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. 3. Die hochsee- und k ʾ stenfische. Deutsch S ̡ dpolar-Expedition, 15 (2), 203 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Cuvier, G. (1832) Sur le poisson appele Machaera. Nouvelles Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1, 43 - 49.","Smith, A. (1837) (On the necessity for a revision of the groups included in the Linnean genus Squalus). Annals of Natural History, 1 (1), 72 - 74.","Regan, C. T. (1908 b) A synopsis of the sharks of the Family Scyliorhinidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 1, 453 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930808692434","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1916) A catalogue of the sea fishes recorded from Natal. Part I. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1 (3), 255 - 290.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 a) Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey. Report no. 2 for the Year 1921. Annexure A. List of Fishes, etc., procured; Annexure B., List of stations of SS \" Pickle \"; Annexure C., Journal of SS \" Pickle \". Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 1 - 85.","Smith, J. L. B. (1950) A new dogfish from South Africa, with notes on other chondrichthyan fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 3, 878 - 887. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935008654719","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 a) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. II. The families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 37, 1 - 64.","Springer, S. (1979) A revision of the catsharks, family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 422, 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63029","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Human, B. A. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2006) Description of Haploblepharus kistnasamyi, a new catshark (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) from South Africa. Zootaxa, 1318 (1), 41 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1318.1.2","Human, B. A. (2007) A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus Haploblepharus Garman 1913 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa, 1451 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1451.1.1","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Squalus bassi Viana, de Carvalho, & Ebert, 2017 Long-snouted African Dogfish Squalus bassi Viana, de Carvalho, & Ebert, 2017: 4, figs. 1–6. Holotype: SAM 33476. Type locality: near Agulhas Bank, Western Cape Province, South Africa, 36.21°S, 20.04°E. Local synonymy: Acanthias blainvillei: Bleeker, 1860b: 57; Gilchrist, 1902 (in part): 166; Thompson, 1914 (in part): 149. Squalus acutipinnis: Thompson, 1914 (in part): 152; Barnard, 1925 (in part): 48. Squalus fernandinus: Gilchrist, 1922b (in part): 48; Smith, 1949a (in part): 60. Squalus blainvillei: Bass et al., 1976 (in part): 15, fig. 10; Ebert et al., 2002: 355. Squalus blainville: Chen et al., 1979: 39; Weigmann, 2016: 902. Squalus mitsukurii: Compagno, 1984a: 121, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 62, fig. 5.27; Compagno et al., 1989: 22, pl.; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 53; Compagno et al., 2005: 77, fig., pl. 3; Ebert, 2013: 57, fig. 62; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 92, fig., pl. 4; NPOA, 2013: 39; Compagno, 2016 (in part): 1157, fig. 4; Veríssimo et al., 2017: 414. Squalus cf. mitsukurii: Compagno et al., 1991 (in part): 44; Ebert et al., 1992: 606; Compagno, 1999: 114; Naylor et al., 2012a: 57; Pickering & Caira, 2012: 107; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert, 2015: 58, fig. 59; Ebert & Mostarda, 2015: 19, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144. Squalus bassi: Viana et al., 2017: 4, figs. 1–6; Viana & de Carvalho, 2018: 629. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAM 33476. Paratypes: SAIAB 25923, SAIAB 25924, SAIAB 26419, SAIAB 26420, SAIAB 26421, SAIAB 53305, SAM 32611, SAM 33150, SAM 33153, SAM 33154, SAM 34004, SAM 38042, SAM 41904 (formerly SAM 33476). Non-types: (voucher specimens from Viana et al., 2017) SAIAB 21872, SAIAB 25339, SAIAB 25340, SAIAB 25341, SAIAB 25342, SAIAB 26321, SAIAB 26322, SAIAB 26418, SAIAB 203801 (formerly SAIAB 186461), SAIAB 188839, SAM 33155, SAM 33197, SAM 33283, SAM 36412, SAM 38283, SAM 39883, SAM 39885. South Africa distribution: The Orange River (NC) to KZN, but most common along the west and south coasts of South Africa. Remarks: Squalus mitsukurii appears to be restricted to the northeastern Pacific while S. bassi, previously referred to as this species, is restricted to the southern African region. Conservation status: LC (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Ebert, D. A., Bigman, J. S. & Lawson, J. M. (2017) Biodiversity, life history, and conservation of northeastern Pacific Chondrichthyans. Advances in Marine Biology, 77, 9 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / bs. amb. 2017.07.001","Bleeker, P. (1860 b) Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Japan. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2002) First records of the longnose spiny dogfish, Squalus blainvillei (Squalidae) and deep-water stingray, Plesiobatis daviesi (Urolophidae) from South African waters. South African Journal of Marine Science, 24, 355 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776102784528538","Chen, C. - T., Taniuchi, T. & Nose, Y. (1979) Notes on Blainville's dogfish, Squalus blainville, from Japan, with notes on S. mitsukurii and S. japonicus. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 26 (1), 26 - 42.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Verissimo, A., Zaera-Perez, D., Leslie, R., Iglesias, S. P., Seret, B., Grigoriou, P., Aspasia, S., Gubili, C., Barria, C., Duffy, C., Hernandez, S., Batjakas, I. E. & Griffiths, A. M. (2017) Molecular diversity and distribution of eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean dogfishes Squalus highlight taxonomic issues in the genus. Zoologica Scripta, 46 (4), 414 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12224","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (1992) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of squaloid sharks off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12, 601 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619209504727","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. & Last, P. R. (2012 a) A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Natural History Museum, 367, 1 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 754.1","Pickering, M. & Caira, J. N. (2012) A new hyperapolytic species, Trilocularia eberti sp n. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidae), from Squalus cf. mitsukurii (Squaliformes: Squalidae) off South Africa with comments on its development and fecundity. Folia Parasitologica, 59, 107 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / fp. 2012.016","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Mostarda, E. (2015) Identification Guide to the Deep-sea Cartilaginous Fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FishFinder Programme, FAO, Rome, 70 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Viana, S. T. de F. L., de Carvalho, M. R. & Ebert, D. A. (2017) Squalus bassi sp. nov., a new long-snouted spurdog (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae) from the Agulhas Bank. Journal of Fish Biology, 91 (4), 1178 - 1207. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 13448","Viana, S. T. F. L. & Carvalho, M. R. de (2018) Resurrection and redescription of the southern dogfish Squalus probatovi (Squalidae), a valid species from Angola. Journal of Ichthyology, 58 (5), 617 - 632. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 003294521805020 X"]}

Pateobatis fai (Jordan & Seale, 1906) Pink Whipray Himantura fai Jordan & Seale, 1906: 184, fig. 2. Holotype: USNM 51712. Type locality: Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Local synonymy: Dasyatis purpureus [non Smith, A., 1841]: Wallace, 1967c: 50, fig. 24. Himantura sp.: Compagno & Heemstra, 1984: 4; Compagno, 1986: 140, fig. 30.11; Compagno et al., 1989: 106, pl. Himantura sp. near fai: Compagno, 1999: 117. Himantura fai: Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016h: 356; Last et al., 2016i: 600, fig. 25.71; Weigmann, 2016: 970. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 7879 [former ORI B906], SAIAB 7887 [former ORI B649] (specimens accessioned as Pteroplatytrygon violacea). South African distribution: Durban to northern KZN. Remarks: A poorly known species in South African waters. It is very closely related to P. jenkinsii. Conservation status: VU (2016)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 94-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Jordan, D. S. & Seale, A. (1906) The fishes of Samoa. Description of the species found in the archipelago, with a provisional check-list of the fishes of Oceania. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 25, 173 - 455. [for 1905] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46247","Wallace, J. H. (1967 c) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part II: manta, eagle, duckbill, cownose, butterfly and sting rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 16, 1 - 56.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (1984) Himantura draco, a new species of stingray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from South Africa, with a key to the Dasyatidae and the first record of Dasyatis kuhlii (M ʾ ller & Henle, 1841) from southern Africa. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication, 33, 1 - 17.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. (2016 h) A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139 (3), 345 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.3.2","Last, P. R., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M., Naylor, G. J. P. & White, W. T. (2016 i) Stingrays. Family Dasyatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 522 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) Blue Shark Squalus glaucus Linnaeus, 1758: 235. No types known. Type locality: northeastern Atlantic (localities include England and Italy). Local synonymy: Carcharias (Prionodon) glaucus: Lampe, 1914: 213. Carcharhinus glaucus: Barnard, 1925: 26; Barnard, 1947: 9. Glyphis glaucus: Fowler, 1936: 54, fig. 13; Fowler, 1941: 178; Smith, 1949a: 42, fig. 10; D’Aubrey, 1964a: 24, pl. 10; Smith, 1965: 42, fig. 10. Eulamia glaucus: von Bonde, 1934: 14. Prionace glauca: Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 282; D’Aubrey, 1964a: 24, pl. 10; Bass et al., 1975b: 32, fig. 20, pl. 6; Compagno, 1984b: 521, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 84, fig. 9.32, pl. 1; Compagno, 1988a: 349; Compagno et al., 1989: 70, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 88; Compagno, 1999: 120; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 61; Compagno et al., 2005: 316, fig., pl. 51; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 495, fig., pl. 62; Mann, 2013: 42; NPOA, 2013: 43; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 27, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 246; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Compagno, 2016: 1323; Weigmann, 2016: 861. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6123 [ex ORI 1722], SAIAB 25716, SAIAB 27167, SAIAB 44228, SAIAB 46921, SAIAB 51222. South African distribution: Entire coastline from the Orange River (NC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: Prionace glauca has one of the widest known ranges of any cartilaginous fish and occurs in all temperate and most subtropical seas. Off the west coast, it is quite abundant and appears to migrate around the south Atlantic between the African and South American continents depending on the size, sex, and life stage (da Silva et al., 2010). Conservation status: NT (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Lampe, M. 1914. Die fische der Deutschen S ʾ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. 3. Die hochsee- und k ʾ stenfische. Deutsch S ̡ dpolar-Expedition, 15 (2), 203 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Barnard, K. H. (1947) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Fowler, H. W. (1936) The marine fishes of West Africa based on the collection of the American Museum Congo expedition, 1909 - 1915. Part 1. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 70 (1), 1 - 605.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948 b) Sharks. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 1. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 1, 56 - 576.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. III. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding Mustelus and Carcharhinus) and Sphyrnidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 38, 1 - 100.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","da Silva C., Kerwath, S. E., Wilke, C. G., Meyer, M. & Lamberth, S. J. (2010) First documented southern transatlantic migration of a blue shark Prionace glauca tagged off South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 3, 639 - 642. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2010.540777"]}

Bathytoshia brevicaudata (Hutton, 1875) Shorttail Stingray Trygon brevicaudata Hutton, 1875: 317. Holotype (unique): OM A.75.02 (stuffed). Type locality: Dunedin Harbor, New Zealand. Local synonymy: Trygon schreineri: Gilchrist, 1913: 33, fig. (original description, holotype SAM 16053, caught off rocks at St James in False Bay, South Africa). Dasybatis schreineri: von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 16; Barnard, 1925: 76; Smith, 1949a: 70; Barnard, 1959: 27. Dasyatis brevicaudatus: Smith, 1949a: 70, fig. 81; Smith, 1961a: 70, fig. 81; Smith, 1965: 70, fig. 81; Wallace, 1967c: 37, figs. 18–19; Compagno & Heemstra, 1984: 3; Compagno, 1999: 117; NPOA, 2013: 60. Dasyatis brevicaudata: Compagno, 1986: 136, fig. 30.1; Compagno et al., 1989: 102, pl; da Silva et al., 2015: 246; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 964. Bathytoshia brevicaudata: Last et al., 2016h: 354; Last et al., 2016i: 530, fig. 25.1. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAM 16053. Non-types: SAIAB 7866 [ex ORI B805], SAIAB 26469, SAIAB 26470, SAIAB 27444. South African distribution: Saldanha Bay, west coast (WC) to Kosi Bay, northern KZN. Remarks: The first record of this species from South African waters was caught by an angler and described by Gilchrist (1913) as a new species (Trygon schreineri). However, Wallace (1967c) examined additional specimens from South Africa and compared them with New Zealand specimens and concluded that they were the same species and that Trygon schreineri (= D. brevicaudata) should be relegated to junior synonym status. Conservation status: LC (2016)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Hutton, F. W. (1875) Descriptions of new species of New-Zealand fish. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 16 (95), (Art. 41), 313 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937508681859","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1913) Description of a new species of sting-ray (Trygon) from South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 3, 33 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359191309519676","von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Barnard, K. H. (1959) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 c) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part II: manta, eagle, duckbill, cownose, butterfly and sting rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 16, 1 - 56.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (1984) Himantura draco, a new species of stingray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from South Africa, with a key to the Dasyatidae and the first record of Dasyatis kuhlii (M ʾ ller & Henle, 1841) from southern Africa. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication, 33, 1 - 17.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. (2016 h) A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139 (3), 345 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.3.2","Last, P. R., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M., Naylor, G. J. P. & White, W. T. (2016 i) Stingrays. Family Dasyatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 522 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148"]}

Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864 Portuguese Shark Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864: 263, fig. 4. Holotype: Museu Bocage, Lisbon, MB T113, destroyed in fire. Type locality: off Portugal, northeastern Atlantic. Local synonymy:? Centroscymnus fuscus: Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924: 2 (off St. Helena Bay, South Africa, SE Atlantic); Barnard, 1925: 51; Smith, 1949a: 58; Smith, 1965: 58. Centrophorus squamosus: Hulley, 1971: 267, fig. 1; Bass et al., 1976: 28 (in part, for synonymy of C. fuscus with this species). Centroscymnus coelolepis: Compagno, 1984a: 55, fig.; Compagno et al., 1989: 32, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 56; Ebert et al., 1992: 603; Compagno, 1999: 115; Compagno et al., 2005: 112, fig., pl. 10; Ebert, 2013: 90, fig. 127; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 151, fig., pl. 13; Ebert & Mostada, 2013: 35, fig.; Ebert, 2015: 87, fig. 104; Ebert & Mostada, 2015: 31, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; White et al., 2015: 214; Weigmann et al., 2016b: 642; Compagno, 2016: 1189; Weigmann, 2016: 899. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 25727, SAIAB 26272, SAIAB 26273, SAIAB 26417, SAIAB 27601. South Africa distribution: Common off the west coast from the Orange River (NC) to off Cape Agulhas (WC), but also extending to the EC. It has not been found off KZN, but likely occurs there since it has been caught off southern Mozambique and is common on the Walters Shoal (Weigmann et al., 2016). Remarks: Centroscymnus fuscus was described from a specimen taken off St. Helena Bay and was recognized as a valid species until Hulley (1971) and Bass et al. (1976) synonymized it with Centrophorus squamosus. However, details of the original description by Gilchrist and von Bonde (1924) suggest that C. fuscus may be a synonym of C. coelolepis rather than C. squamosus. Centroscymnus coelolepis is common in the area off St. Helena Bay where the type specimen was caught, while C. squamosus is relatively uncommon in that area. Unfortunately, C. fuscus was never illustrated and the holotype is lost. Conservation status: NT (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Barbosa du Bocage, J. V. & de Brito Capello, F. (1864) Sur quelque especes inedites de Squalidae de la tribu Acanthiana, Gray, qui frequentent les cotes du Portugal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1864, 260 - 263.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & von Bonde, C. (1924) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. S. \" Pickle \" (Part II). Report Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 3 (7), 1 - 24. [1922]","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Hulley, P. A. (1971) Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre) (Chondrichthyes, Squalidae) in the eastern south Atlantic. Annals of the South African Museum, 57 (11), 265 - 270.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (1992) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of squaloid sharks off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12, 601 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619209504727","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","White, W. T., Vaz, D. F. B., Ho, H. - C., Ebert, D. A., de Carvalho, M. R., Corrigan, S., Rochel, E., de Carvalho, M., Tanaka, S. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2015) Redescription of Scymnodon ichiharai Yano & Tanaka 1984 (Squaliformes: Somniosidae) from the western North Pacific, with comments on the definition of somniosid genera. Ichthyological Research, 62, 213 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 014 - 0430 - y","Weigmann, S., Vaz, D. F. B., White, W. T., Carvalho, M. R. de & Thiel, R. (2016 b) Distribution and comments on the morphology of Centroscymnus owstonii Garman, 1906 (Squaliformes: Somniosidae), with focus on its occurrence in the Indian Ocean. Marine Biodiversity, 46 (3), 641 - 653. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 015 - 0413 - x","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Weigmann, S., Seret, B., Last, P. R. & McEachran, J. D. (2016 a) Pygmy skates. Family Gurgesiellidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 473 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148"]}

Etmopterus granulosus (Günther, 1880) Southern Lanternshark Spinax granulosus G̹nther, 1880: 19, fig. C, pl. 2. Holotype: BMNH 1879.5.14.460. Type locality: Southwestern coast of South America, Challenger station 305. Local synonymy: Etmopterus granulosus: Gilchrist, 1922b: 49; Barnard, 1925: 49, fig. 8, pl. 2; Smith, 1949a: 58, fig. 50; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1957: 55; Smith, 1965: 58, fig. 50; Compagno, 1984a: 77, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 55 (Cape Point); Compagno et al., 1989: 28, pl.; Straube et al., 2011a: 138; Ebert, 2013: 84, fig. 117; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 132, fig., pl. 9; Ebert & Mostada, 2013: 31, fig.; Ebert, 2015: 78, fig. 91; Ebert & Mostada, 2015: 25, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Straube et al., 2015: 11; Weigmann, 2016: 895. Spinax granulosus: Norman, 1935: 37 (SW of Cape Town, 34°08'S, 17°33'E). Etmopterus cf. granulosus: Compagno et al., 1991: 63; Ebert et al., 1992: 605; Compagno, 1999: 114. Etmopterus baxteri: Compagno et al., 2005: 94, pl. 8; Compagno, 2016: 1185. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 25710, SAIAB 26341, SAIAB 26342, SAIAB 26343, SAIAB 26344, SAIAB 26345, SAIAB 26346, SAIAB 26347, SAIAB 26348, SAIAB 26349, SAIAB 26350, SAIAB 26351, SAIAB 26352, SAIAB 26353, SAIAB 26354, SAIAB 26355, SAIAB 26356, SAIAB 26357, SAIAB 26358, SAIAB 26359, SAIAB 26360, SAIAB 26361, SAIAB 26362, SAIAB 26363, SAIAB 26364, SAIAB 26365, SAIAB 26366, SAIAB 26367, SAIAB 26368, SAIAB 26369, SAIAB 26370, SAIAB 26371, SAIAB 26372, SAIAB 26373, SAIAB 26374, SAIAB 26375, SAIAB 26430, SAIAB 26431, SAIAB 26432, SAIAB 26433, SAIAB 26434, SAIAB 26435, SAIAB 27170, SAIAB 27171, SAIAB 27172, SAIAB 27173, SAIAB 27174, SAIAB 27175, SAIAB 27176, SAIAB 27177, SAIAB 27178, SAIAB 27179, SAIAB 27180, SAIAB 27181, SAIAB 27182, SAIAB 27184, SAIAB 27185, SAIAB 27186, SAIAB 30297, SAIAB 81676, SAIAB 186424, SAIAB 186462. South Africa distribution: West coast from Cape Columbine (WC) to about Algoa Bay (EC). Remarks: The taxonomic history of this species off South Africa, like most members of this genus, has been rather convoluted, although Straube et al. (2015) clarified the name status of this species. Etmopterus granulosus is one of the most common lanternsharks off the South African west coast. It is wide-ranging throughout the Southern Hemisphere at higher latitudes. Conservation status: LC (2018)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1957) A study of the sharks of the suborder Squaloidea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 117 (1), 1 - 150.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Straube, N., Leslie, R. W., Clerkin, P. J., Ebert, D. A., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S. L., Chenhong, L. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2015) On the occurrence of the southern lanternshark, Etmopteus granulosus, off South Africa, with comments on the validity of E. compagnoi. Deepsea Research II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 115, 11 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2014.04.004","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Norman, J. R. (1935) Coast fishes, Part. I. The South Atlantic. ' Discovery' Reports, 12, 1 - 58.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (1992) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of squaloid sharks off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12, 601 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619209504727","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336."]}

Carcharhinus sorrah (Müller & Henle, 1839) Spottail Shark Carcharias (Prionodon) sorrah Valenciennes in M̹ller & Henle, 1839: 45, pl. 16. Lectotype: RMNH 4294, Type locality: Java, Indonesia. Local synonymy: Carcharhinus sorrah: Bass et al., 1973: 72, fig. 29; Garrick, 1982: 165, figs. 75–77; Compagno, 1984b: 500, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 77, fig. 9.17; Compagno, 1988a: 291; Compagno et al., 1989: 68, pl.; Compagno et al., 2005: 306, fig., pl. 59; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 475, fig., pl. 72; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Weigmann, 2016: 859. South Africa voucher material: None. South African distribution: Northern KZN. Remarks: Common in parts of its wide Indo-West Pacific range, but rare in East Africa with only a couple records from Sodwana Bay and northern KZN. Conservation status: NT (2009). Genus Loxodon Müller & Henle, 1838a Sliteye Sharks Loxodon M̹ller & Henle, 1838a: 36. Type species: Loxodon macrorhinus M̹ller & Henle, 1839, by subsequent monotypy; appeared first with no included species., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168.","Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1838 a) On the generic characters of cartilaginous fishes, with descriptions of new genera. Magazine of Natural History, 2, 33 - 37, 88 - 91."]}

Genus Acroteriobatus Giltay, 1928 Flapnose Guitarfishes Acroteriobatus Giltay, 1928: 26. Type species: Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) annulatus Smith, 1841. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently designated first by Fowler, 1969: 141., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Giltay, L. (1928) Notes ichthyologiques. II. Une espece nouvelle de Rhinobatus du Congo belge (Rhinobatus congolensis, nov. sp.). Annales de la Societe Royale Zoologique de Belgique, 59, 21 - 27.","Fowler, H. W. (1969) A catalog of World fishes (XI). Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum, Taipei, 22 (3 / 4), 125 - 190. [catalog pp. 501 - 566]"]}

Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788) Giant Devil Ray Raia mobular Bonnaterre, 1788: 5. No types known. Type locality: Montredon, near Marseille, France, western Mediterranean Sea. Local synonymy: Mobula japanica: Compagno, 1999: 118; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 103, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 148; Weigmann, 2016: 982. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB uncatalogued. South African distribution: East of Port Alfred (EC) and the KZN coast. Remarks: White et al. (2018) synonymized Mobula mobular (previously considered a Mediterranean Sea endemic) with M. japonica with precedence given to the name M. mobular. Records from off South Africa are not well documented. Conservation status: EN (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 101, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Bonnaterre, J. P. (1788) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature. Ichthyologie, Paris, 215 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11660","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","White, W. T., Corrigan, S., Yang, L., Henderson, A. C., Bazinet, A. L., Swofford, D. L. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2018) Phylogeny of the manta and devilrays (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae), with an updated taxonomic arrangement for the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 182 (1), 50 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 018"]}

Genus Nebrius Rüppell, 1837 Tawny Nurse Sharks Nebrius R ̹ppell, 1837: 62. Type species: Nebrius concolor R̹ppell, 1837, by monotypy., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567

Mobula birostris (Walbaum, 1792) Giant Manta Ray Raja birostris Walbaum, 1792: 535. Types: No types known. Type locality: No locality stated in description. Local synonymy: Manta ehrenbergi: Barnard, 1925: 87; Fowler, 1934b: 409, figs. 2–3; Barnard, 1959: 29, figs. 9–9a, pl. 4. Manta birostris: Smith, 1949a: 73, fig. 88; Wallace, 1967c: 13, fig. 6; Compagno, 1986: 134, fig. 29.1, pl. 5; Compagno et al., 1989: 116, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 118; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 88; Marshall et al., 2009: 4, figs. 1–7; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 99, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 148; Weigmann, 2016: 981. Mobula birostris: White & Last, 2016c: 743, fig. 33.2; Stevens et al., 2018: 74, figs. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 7885, SAIAB 48525, SAIAB 75575, SAIAB 75576, SAIAB 200672, SAIAB 200673, SAIAB 200674. South African distribution: Table Bay (WC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: Mobula birostris appears to occur in the more temperate waters of the WC compared to M. alfredi, which appears to be more restricted to the warmer waters of the KZN coast. Conservation status: EN (2020)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Walbaum, J. J. (1792) Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium. In quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Redactis speciebus 242 ad genera 52. Ichthyologiae pars III. Ant. Ferdin. Rose, Greifswald, 723 pp.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Fowler, H. W. (1934 b) Fishes obtained by Mr. H. W. Bell-Marley chiefly in Natal and Zululand in 1929 to 1932. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 86, 405 - 514.","Barnard, K. H. (1959) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 c) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part II: manta, eagle, duckbill, cownose, butterfly and sting rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 16, 1 - 56.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Marshall, A. D., Compagno, L. J. V. & Bennett, M. B. (2009) Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae). Zootaxa, 2301 (1), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2301.1.1","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Last, P. R., White, W. T. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2016 c) Sawfishes. Family Pristidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 58 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Stevens, G., Fernando, D., Dando, M. & Notarbartolo di Sciara, G. (2018) Guide to the Manta & Devil Rays of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 144 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9780691207216"]}

Haploblepharus kistnasamyi Human & Compagno, 2006 Eastern Shyshark Haploblepharus kistnasamyi Human & Compagno, 2006: 44, fig. 2. Holotype: SAIAB 39835. Type locality: Landers Reef off Park Rynie, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 30°19'S, 30°47'E. Local synonymy: Haploblepharus edwardsii: Smith, 1949a: 54 (in part); Smith, 1950: 879 (in part); Bass et al., 1975a: 17, fig. 11a (in part); Compagno, 1984b: 332 (in part); Bass, 1986: 91, (fig. 11.8 caption as H. edwardsii is actually H. kistnasamyi); Compagno, 1988a: 151 (in part); Compagno et al., 1989: 50, pl. (in part). Haploblepharus sp. nov.: Compagno, 1999: 98, 119. Haploblepharus sp. A: Compagno, et al., 2005: 236; Human et al., 2006: 389. Haploblepharus kistnasamyi: Human & Compagno, 2006: 44, fig. 2; Human, 2007: 29, figs. 10–12; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 355, fig., pl. 48; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 876. South Africa voucher material: Paratypes: SAIAB 6075 [formerly ORI 2424], SAIAB 6077 [formerly ORI 2574]. Non-types: SAIAB 14005, SAIAB 26156, SAIAB 26934, SAIAB 26937, SAIAB 26939, SAIAB 26964, SAIAB 26965, SAIAB 48494, SAIAB 48496, SAM 29884, SAM 32527, SAM 32553, SAM 32554. See Human (2006) for details. South African distribution: Endemic. Mossel Bay (WC) to Zinkwazi north of Durban (KZN). Remarks: The least known and perhaps rarest species of Haploblepharus, it is known from very few specimens and is rarely observed despite it being a coastal nearshore species usually found at less than 30 m depth. A further detailed morphological and genetic study is required to fully delineate and define this species from the other members of the genus. Conservation status: VU (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Human, B. A. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2006) Description of Haploblepharus kistnasamyi, a new catshark (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) from South Africa. Zootaxa, 1318 (1), 41 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1318.1.2","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1950) A new dogfish from South Africa, with notes on other chondrichthyan fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 3, 878 - 887. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935008654719","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 a) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. II. The families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 37, 1 - 64.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Human, B. A. (2007) A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus Haploblepharus Garman 1913 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa, 1451 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1451.1.1","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Human, B. A. (2006 a) A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus Poroderma Smith, 1837 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa, 1229 (1), 1 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1229.1.1"]}

Leucoraja compagnoi (Stehmann, 1995) Tigertail Skate Raja (Leucoraja) compagnoi Stehmann, 1995: 43, fig. 10. Holotype (unique) ZIN 48406. Type locality: Off South Africa, 30°44'S, 15°18'E. Local synonymy: Raja (Leucoraja) compagnoi: Stehmann, 1995: 43, fig. 10. Leucoraja compagnoi: Compagno, 1999: 116; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 133, fig. 4d; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 120; Ebert et al., 2008: 90; Ebert, 2014: 68, fig. 105; Ebert, 2015: 179, fig. 201; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016f: 18; Last et al., 2016g: 281, fig. 19.72; Weigmann, 2016: 948. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: ZIN 48406. Ebert et al. (2008) examined 10 uncatalogued specimens at SAM. South African distribution: Endemic. West coast northwest of Strandfontein (WC) to off Port Elizabeth (EC), and KZN. Remarks: Known only from about a dozen specimens, all juveniles, it is likely misidentified with its more common congener L. wallacei. Adult specimens of this species should be saved and sent to either SAIAB or SAM. Conservation status: DD (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Acroteriobatus leucospilus (Norman, 1926) Greyspot Guitarfish Rhinobatus leucospilus Norman, 1926: 966, fig. 18. Syntypes: BMNH 1905.6.8.12 (1), 1920.7.23.1 (1). Type locality: Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Local synonymy: Rhinobatus blockii: Regan, 1908a: 242 (in part); Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916: 284 (in part); Smith, 1961a: non 64, pl. 3. Rhinobatus leucospilus: Norman, 1926: 966, Fig. 18; Barnard, 1927: 1014; Fowler, 1941: 313; Wallace, 1967b: 24, figs. 10, 13. Rhinobatos blochii: Smith, 1949a: fig. 61 only (= A. leucospilus). Rhinobatus annulatus: Smith, 1961a: 64 (in part), non pl. 3. Rhinobatos leucospilus: Compagno, 1986: 131, fig. 27.5; Compagno et al., 1989: 76, pl.; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 78. Acroteriobatus leucospilus: NPOA, 2013: 58; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Last et al., 2016b: 465; Séret et al., 2016a: 81, fig. 10.3; Weigmann, 2016: 920. South Africa voucher material: Syntypes: BMNH 1905.6.8.12 (1), 1920.7.23.1 (1). Non-types: SAIAB 11142, SAIAB 11143, SAIAB 11159, SAIAB 34588, SAIAB 189087. South African distribution: Central Transkei coast (EC) to northern KZN. Remarks: This species was thought to be endemic to South Africa, but its range now appears to extend to at least Zanzibar and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Records of this species from Madagascar are of a different species. Conservation status: EN (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 75-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Norman, J. R. (1926) A synopsis of the rays of the family Rhinobatidae, with a revision of the genus Rhinobatus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1926 (4), 941 - 982. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 02228. x","Regan, C. T. (1908 a) A collection of fishes from the coasts of Natal, Zululand and Cape Colony. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1 (3), 241 - 255.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1916) A catalogue of the sea fishes recorded from Natal. Part I. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1 (3), 255 - 290.","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Barnard, K. H. (1927) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part II (Teleostei - Discocephali to end. Appendix). Annals of the South African Museum 21, 419 - 1065.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 b) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part I: sawfishes and guitarfishes. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 15, 1 - 32.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Seret, B. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2016 b) A new species of guitarfish, Rhinobatos borneensis sp. nov. with a redefinition of the family-level classification in the order Rhinopristiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea). Zootaxa, 4117 (4), 451 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4117.4.1","Seret, B., Last, P. R. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2016 a) Guitarfishes. Family Rhinobatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 77 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Loxodon macrorhinus (Müller & Henle, 1839) Sliteye Shark Loxodon macrorhinus M̹ller & Henle, 1839: 61, pl. 25. Holotype: ZMB 4479. Type locality: unknown (probably Indian Ocean). Local synonymy: Loxodon macrorhinus: Bass et al., 1975b: 37, fig. 22; Compagno, 1984b: 514, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 80, fig. 9.25; Compagno, 1988a: 16; Compagno et al., 1989: 68, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Compagno et al., 2005: 314, fig., pl. 60; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 492, fig., pl. 73; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Weigmann, 2016: 861. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6178, SAIAB 6202, SAIAB 6211. South African distribution: Northern KZN. Remarks:A small coastal tropical species with a wide Indo-West Pacific range but occurring locally only in northern KZN. Conservation status: LC (2003). Genus Negaprion Whitley, 1940 Lemon Sharks Negaprion Whitley, 1940: 111. Type species: Aprionodon acutidens queenslandicus Whitley, 1939 b, by original designation, a junior synonym of Negaprion acutidens (R̹ppell, 1837)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. III. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding Mustelus and Carcharhinus) and Sphyrnidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 38, 1 - 100.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Whitley, G. P. (1940) The Fishes of Australia. Part I. The Sharks, Rays, Devil-fish, and Other Primitive Fishes of Australia and New Zealand. Australian Zoological Handbook. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney, 280 pp.","Whitley, G. P. (1939) Taxonomic notes on sharks and rays. Australian Zoologist, 9 (3), 227 - 262."]}

Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Porcupine Ray Raja asperrima Bloch & Schneider, 1801: 367. Holotype: ZMB 7836 (dry skin, partial specimen). Type locality: Mumbai, India. Local synonymy: Urogymnus africanus: Smith, 1952a: 225; Smith, 1961a: 512, fig. 82a: Smith, 1965: 512, fig. 82a. Urogymnus asperrimus: Compagno & Heemstra, 1984: 3; Compagno, 1986: 141, fig. 30.15; Compagno et al., 1989: 110, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 117; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Last et al., 2016h: 363; Last et al., 2016i: 614, fig. 25.85; Weigmann, 2016: 977. South Africa voucher material: None known in South African museums. South African distribution: Along the KZN coast to the Mozambique border. Remarks: A very little known species in South Africa, it is wide-ranging throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Generally rare, but can be locally common at certain locations (e.g. in parts of Australia). Conservation status: VU (2016)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G. (1801) Systema ichthyologiae iconibus ex illustratum. Vol. 2. Sumtibus auctoris impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano commissum, Berlin, 584 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1952 a) A new hound shark from South Africa, and new records. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 223 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654285","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (1984) Himantura draco, a new species of stingray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from South Africa, with a key to the Dasyatidae and the first record of Dasyatis kuhlii (M ʾ ller & Henle, 1841) from southern Africa. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication, 33, 1 - 17.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. (2016 h) A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139 (3), 345 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.3.2","Last, P. R., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M., Naylor, G. J. P. & White, W. T. (2016 i) Stingrays. Family Dasyatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 522 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) Sharpnose Sevengill Shark Squalus perlo Bonnaterre, 1788: 10. Holotype: unknown. Type locality: “La Méditerranée” [Mediterranean Sea]. Local synonymy: Heptranchias cinereus: Duméril, 1865: 437, pl. 4.? Heptranchis pectorosus: Barnard, 1925: 21, fig. 1, pl. 1 (in part, teeth appear to be H. perlo). Heptranchias perlo: Smith, 1953: 511; Smith, 1965: 511; Bass et al., 1975d: 11, fig. 7, pl. 4; Compagno, 1984a: 17, fig.; Bass et al., 1986: 45, fig. 2.1; Compagno et al., 1989: 18, pl.; Ebert, 1990: 38, fig. 3.13; Compagno, et al., 1991: 51; Compagno, 1999: 114; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 52; Compagno et al., 2005: 66, fig., pl. 1; Barnett et al., 2012: 968; Ebert, 2013: 39, fig. 30; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 68, fig., pl. 1; Ebert & Mostarda, 2013: 9, fig.; NPOA, 2013: 36; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 77, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert, 2015: 42, fig. 38; Ebert & Mostarda, 2015: 9, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Compagno, 2016: 1148; Weigmann, 2016: 887. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6064, SAIAB 6246 [former ORI 453], SAIAB 6255, SAIAB 189030, SAIAB 193573, SAIAB 201757. Ebert (1990) examined numerous South African specimens, many of which are now in the fish collection (uncatalogued) at SAM. South Africa distribution: Cape Agulhas (WC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: The species is most common off KZN, but individuals have been taken during survey cruises at least as far west as Cape Agulhas (WC). Early records of this species may have been misidentified with its larger congener (N. cepedianus), which mostly occurs in Cape waters. Barnard (1925: fig. 1, pl. 1) illustrates a sevengill shark that appears to be Notorynchus cepedianus, but the associated teeth are more consistent with those of H. perlo. Conservation status: NT (2020). Genus Hexanchus Rafinesque, 1810a Sixgill Sharks Hexanchus Rafinesque, 1810a: 14. Type species: “ Squalus griseus Lacépède ”, by original designation, a junior synonym of Squalus griseus Bonnaterre, 1788., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Bonnaterre, J. P. (1788) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature. Ichthyologie, Paris, 215 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11660","Dumeril, A. H. A. (1865) Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie generale. Tome Premier. I. Elasmobranches. Plagiostomes et Holocephales ou Chimeres. Vol. 1. Librarie Encylopedique de Roret, Paris, 720 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2111","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1953) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 3 rd Edition. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 564 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 d) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. V. The families Hexanchidae, Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Pristiophoridae, and Squatinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 43, 1 - 50.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (1990) The taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes: Hexanchiformes). Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 308 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Barnett, A., Braccini, J. M., Awruch, C. A. & Ebert, D. A. (2012) An overview on the role of Hexanchiformes in marine ecosystems: biology, ecology and conservation status of a primitive order of modern sharks. Journal Fish Biology, 80, 966 - 990. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.2012.03242. x","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Mostarda, E. (2013) Identification Guide to the Deep-sea Cartilaginous Fishes of the Indian Ocean. FishFinder Programme, FAO, Rome, 76 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Mostarda, E. (2015) Identification Guide to the Deep-sea Cartilaginous Fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FishFinder Programme, FAO, Rome, 70 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 a) s. n. In: Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Part 1 (involves fishes). Sanfilippo, Palermo, pp. 3 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418"]}

Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) Scalloped Hammerhead Zygaena lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834: 640, pl. 50. No types known. Type locality: south coast of Australia [New Holland]. Local synonymy: Sphyrna lewini: D’Aubrey, 1964a: 46, pl. 27; Gilbert, 1967: 37, figs. 10, 21d, pl. 3, 6b, 9b, 10b (revision of family); Bass et al., 1975b: 42, fig. 24; Compagno, 1984b: 545, fig.; Bass, 1986: 97, fig. 13.1, pl. 2; Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 27; Compagno, 1988a: 35; Compagno et al., 1989: 72, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 68; Compagno et al., 2005: 323, fig., pl. 64; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 504, fig., pl. 75; Mann, 2013: 283; NPOA, 2013: 48; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 15, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Compagno, 2016: 1331; Weigmann, 2016: 881. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6111, SAIAB 6112 [ex ORI 1545], SAIAB 6114 [ex ORI 1544], SAIAB 201709. South African distribution: Port St. John’s (EC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: The most common hammerhead on the east coast of South Africa. It forms large aggregations at times, especially during the fall and summer months. The Thukela Bank (KZN) appears to be a nursery ground (Fennessy, 1994; de Bruyn et al., 2005) as does the Port St. Johns area on the Transkei coast (EC). Conservation status: CR (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Griffith, E. & Smith, C. H. (1834) The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with supplementary additions, by Edward Griffith, F. R. S. & c. and Lieut. - Col. Charles Hamilton Smith, F. R., L. S. S., & c. & c. In: Cuvier, G. (Ed.), The Animal Kingdom, Arranged in Conformity with its Organization, by the Baron Cuvier, Member of the Institute of France ... with Supplementary Additions to each Order, by Edward Griffith ... and Others. 2 nd Edition. Whittaker & Co., London, pp. 1 - 680.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Gilbert, C. R. (1967) A revision of the hammerhead sharks (family Sphyrnidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 119 (3539), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.119 - 3539.1","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. III. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding Mustelus and Carcharhinus) and Sphyrnidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 38, 1 - 100.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Fennessy, S. T. (1994) Incidental capture of elasmobranchs by commercial prawn trawlers on the Tugela Bank, Natal, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 14 (1), 287 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776194784287094","De Bruyn, P., Dudley, S. F. J., Cliff, G. & Smale, M. J. (2005) Sharks caught in the protective gill nets off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 11. The scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith). African Journal of Marine Science, 27 (3), 517 - 528. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 18142320509504112"]}

Centrophorus uyato (Rafinesque, 1815) Little Gulper Shark Squalus uyato Rafinesque, 1815: 13, fig. 2, pl. 14. Type:no known types. Type locality: off Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Local synonymy: Centrophorus uyato: Bass et al., 1976: 31, fig. 22; Compagno et al., 1989: 24, pl.; Weigmann, 2016: 891. Centrophorus cf. uyato: Ebert, 2015: 63, fig. 66; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 25920, SAIAB 25922. Specimens in South African museum collections identified as C. granulosus and other unidentified species should be re-examined to confirm their identification as C. uyato. South Africa distribution: Off the west coast from the Orange River (NC) and most likely off the EC and KZN. Remarks: In South African waters, both C. granulosus and C. uyato occur, but historically have been misidentified. Compagno et al. (1991) listed C. uyato in synonymy with C. granulosus, but there were in fact two species involved: a large species now known to be C. granulosus and a small species now referred to as C. uyato. In addition, a third species, C. lesliei, recently described from West Africa and the Mozambique Channel, is likely to eventually be found in South African waters. The species name C. uyato has been problematic since it appears to have been based on a species of Squalus from the Mediterranean Sea. However, only one species of Centrophorus occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and it has incorrectly been referred to as C. granulosus. A review of the genus is presently ongoing to clarify the status of this small species of Centrophorus (D.A. Ebert, W.T. White, unpubl. data). Conservation status: EN (2020). Genus Deania Jordon & Snyder, 1902 Birdbeaked Dogfishes Deania Jordan & Snyder, 1902: 80. Type species: Deania eglantina Jordan & Snyder, 1902, by monotypy, a junior synonym of Acanthidium calceum Lowe, 1839. Remarks: Three species of Deania (D. calceus, D. profundorum, D. quadrispinosa) have long been reported to occur in South African waters, however a fourth species (D. hystricosa) was listed by Compagno (1999), but without explanation. Compagno (2016) and Weigmann (2016) subsequently listed this species as occurring off South Africa, but we are unaware of any verified specimens attributed to this species. Furthermore, the validity of D. hystricosa and the nomenclature for the genus is currently under investigation (S. Tanaka, Tokai University, pers. comm.)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Rafinesque, C. S. (1815) Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organises. Aux deipens de l'auteur, Palerme, 224 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106607","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Jordan, D. S. & Snyder, J. O. (1902) Descriptions of two new species of squaloid sharks from Japan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 25, 79 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.25 - 1279.79","Lowe, R. T. (1839) A supplement to a synopsis of the fishes of Madeira. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1839 (Pt. 7), 76 - 92.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336."]}

Halaelurus lineatus Bass, D’Aubrey, & Kistnasamy, 1975a Lined Catshark Halaelurus lineatus Bass, D’Aubrey, & Kistnasamy, 1975a: 12, figs, 8, 20e. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 6148 [ex ORI 2935]. Local synonymy: Halaelurus lineatus: Bass et al., 1975a: 12, figs. 8, 20e; Springer, 1979: 79; Compagno, 1984b: 327, fig.; Bass, 1986: 90, fig. 11.5; Compagno, 1988a: 147; Compagno et al., 1989: 52, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 119; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 66; Compagno et al., 2005: 233, fig., pl. 39; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 351, fig., pl. 47; NPOA, 2013: 45; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 876. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 6148 [ex ORI 2935]. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 6161 [ex ORI 2614] (1, hatched from egg case), 6162 [ex ORI 2619] (1, hatched from egg case), 6147 [ex ORI 2936]. South African distribution: East London (EC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: A common coastal catshark frequently caught by shore anglers and by commercial offshore trawlers. Conservation status: LC (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 a) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. II. The families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 37, 1 - 64.","Springer, S. (1979) A revision of the catsharks, family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 422, 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63029","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810a Shortfin Mako Shark Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810a: 12, pl. 13, fig. 1. Also Rafinesque, 1810b: 45. Holotype unknown. Type locality: Sicily, Mediterranean Sea. Local synonymy: Lamna glauca: M̹ller & Henle, 1839: 69, pl. 29; G̹nther, 1870: 391 (Cape seas); Gilchrist, 1902 164; Thompson, 1914: 145. Isurus glaucus: M̹ller & Henle, 1839: 69, pl. 29; Fowler, 1941: 104 (Cape of Good Hope); Barnard, 1947: 10, fig. 1, pl. 2; Smith, 1949a: 50, pl. 1; Smith, 1957d: 94, fig. 1; D’Aubrey, 1964a: 15, pl. 3. Isurus glauca: Barnard, 1925: 33 (Cape seas; not fig. 6, pl. 1, = Lamna nasus). Isurus bideni: Phillipps, 1932: 227, fig. 2 (original description, South Africa); Fowler, 1941: 104; Barnard, 1948: 342. Isurus oxyrinchus: Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 124; Smith, 1957d: 94, fig. 1; Smith, 1958a: 134, fig. 2; Smith, 1965: 511, fig. 28a; Bass et al., 1975c: 27, figs. 13–14, pl. 2; Compagno, 1984a: 242, fig.; Bass, 1986: 99, fig. 14.2, pl. 1; Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 11; Compagno et al., 1989: 44, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 74; Compagno, 1999: 118; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 71; Compagno et al., 2005: 182, fig., pl. 30; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 230, fig., pl. 28; Foulis & Groeneveld, 2013: 100; Mann, 2013: 100; NPOA, 2013: 49; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 49, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 145; Compagno, 2016: 1245; Weigmann, 2016: 850. Isurus tigris: Smith, 1957d: 94, fig. 1. Isurus tigris africanus: Smith, 1957d: 96, fig. 1, pl. 1 (original description of subspecies); Smith, 1958a: 134. Isurus africanus: Smith, 1958a: 134; Smith, 1965: 565, pl. 108. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 426, SAIAB 6014 [former ORI 2418], SAIAB 6916 [former ORI 92], SAIAB 6917 [former ORI 97], SAIAB 6918 [former ORI 101], SAIAB 6919 [former ORI 272], SAIAB 6920 [former ORI 307], SAIAB 6921 [former ORI 329], SAIAB 6922 [former ORI 449], SAIAB 6923 [former ORI 240], SAIAB 12828, SAIAB 12999, SAIAB 25194, SAIAB 75571, SAIAB 200724, SAIAB 200726, SAIAB 200727, SAIAB 202983, SAIAB 203562. South African distribution: Occurs along the entire coast from the Orange River (NC) to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: A common offshore, pelagic species in South African waters. Conservation status: EN (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 a) s. n. In: Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Part 1 (involves fishes). Sanfilippo, Palermo, pp. 3 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418","Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 b) Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione de alcuni nuovi pesci siciliani. Presso Giovanni del Nobolo, con approvazzione, Messina, 70 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6893","M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Barnard, K. H. (1947) A Pictorial Guide to South African Fishes. Marine and Freshwater. Maskew Miller Ltd, Cape Town, 226 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1957 d) Sharks of the genus Isurus Rafinesque, 1810. Rhodes University Ichthyological Bulletin, 6, 91 - 96.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Barnard, K. H. (1948) Further notes on South African marine fishes. Annals of the South African Museum, 36 (5), 341 - 406.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948 b) Sharks. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 1. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 1, 56 - 576.","Smith, J. L. B. (1958 a) The mystery killer - the new shark Carcharhinus vanrooyeni. Veld & Vlei, 3 (9), 12 - 14, 28.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 c) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. IV. The families Odontaspididae, Scapanorhynchidae, Isuridae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Orectolobidae and Rhiniodontidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 39, 1 - 102.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Genus Echinorhinus Blainville, 1816 Bramble Sharks Echinorhinus Blainville, 1816: (8), 121 (genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758). Type species: “? Spinosus ” = Squalus spinosus Gmelin, in Linnaeus & Gmelin, 1789, by monotypy., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique, Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Caroli a Linne ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 1788 - 93. 3 Vols. in 9 parts. Vol. 1. Pt. 3. s. n., Lipsiae, pp. 1033 - 1516."]}

Rajella leoparda (von Bonde & Swart, 1923) Leopard Skate Raia leopardus von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 7, fig. 2, pl. 20. Syntypes: (several) BMNH 1935.7.14.2-3 (2). Type locality: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Local synonymy: Raia leopardus: von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 7, fig. 2, pl. 20; Barnard, 1925: 74; Smith, 1949a: 67, fig. 73; Smith, 1965: 67, fig. 73. Raia quadrimaculata:? von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 5; Barnard, 1925: 70, fig. 5, pl. 4;? von Bonde, 1934: 16. Raia lintea: Barnard, 1925: 72 (in part?). Raia naevus: Barnard, 1925: 72 (in part?). Raja leopardus: Norman, 1935: 37; Fowler, 1941: 390; Hulley, 1970: 206, figs. 18a–c, pls. 12a–b; Hulley, 1972a: 86, figs. 58–59; Hulley, 1986: 122, fig. 25.13; Stehmann, 1995: 87.? Raja barnardi: Norman, 1935: 37, fig. 14; Fowler, 1941: 371. Raja (Rajella) leopardus: Compagno et al., 1989: 98, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 105; Ebert et al., 1991: 77. Rajella leopardus: Compagno, 1999: 117; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 135, fig. 5c; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 121; Ebert et al., 2008: 95; NPOA, 2013: 54; Ebert, 2014: 75, fig. 121; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147. Rajella leoparda: Ebert, 2015: 186, fig. 214; Weigmann, et al., 2014a: 383; Last et al., 2016f: 19; Last et al., 2016g: 344, fig. 19.135; McEachran & Séret, 2016: 1402; Weigmann, 2016: 958. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 21919, SAIAB 21920, SAIAB 21921, SAIAB 21922, SAIAB 25739, SAIAB 25741, SAIAB 25765, SAIAB 25771, SAIAB 25803, SAIAB 25804, SAIAB 25805, SAIAB 25806, SAIAB 25807, SAIAB 25808, SAIAB 25809, SAIAB 25810, SAIAB 25811, SAIAB 25812, SAIAB 25813, SAIAB 25814, SAIAB 25815, SAIAB 25816, SAIAB 25817, SAIAB 25818, SAIAB 25819, SAIAB 25820, SAIAB 25821, SAIAB 25937, SAIAB 25938, SAIAB 25939, SAIAB 25940, SAIAB 25941, SAIAB 25942, SAIAB 25943, SAIAB 25944, SAIAB 25945, SAIAB 25946, SAIAB 25947, SAIAB 25948, SAIAB 25949, SAIAB 25950, SAIAB 25951, SAIAB 25952, SAIAB 25953, SAIAB 26241, SAIAB 26252, SAIAB 26291, SAIAB 26326, SAIAB 26327, SAIAB 26405, SAIAB 26918, SAIAB 27149, SAIAB 27150, SAIAB 27151, SAIAB 27570, SAIAB 27571, SAIAB 34845, SAIAB 40954, SAIAB 40955, SAIAB 40956, SAIAB 40961, SAIAB 40962, SAIAB 40963, SAIAB 40964, SAIAB 40965, SAIAB 40966, SAIAB 40967, SAIAB 40968, SAIAB 40969, SAIAB 40970, SAIAB 44241, SAIAB 53230, SAIAB 64274. South African distribution: The Orange River (NC) to Algoa Bay (EC). Remarks: The most common deep-sea skate of the upper continental slopes along the west coast of South Africa from the Orange River to Cape Point. Conservation status: LC (2018)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19.","Norman, J. R. (1935) Coast fishes, Part. I. The South Atlantic. ' Discovery' Reports, 12, 1 - 58.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Hulley, P. A. (1970) An investigation of the Rajidae of the west and south coasts of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55, 151 - 220.","Hulley, P. A. (1972 a) The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthyes, Batoidei). Annals of the South African Museum, 60, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442499","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1991) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of skates (Batoidea: Rajidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 10, 71 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619109504621","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (2008) Aspects on the reproductive biology of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from southern African waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65, 81 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsm 169","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert D. A. (2014) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. Batoids and chimaeras. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 2. FAO, Rome, 129 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Last, P. R., Weigmann, S. & Yang, L. (2016 f) Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). In: Last, P. R. & Yearsley, G. K. (Eds.), Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart, pp. 11 - 34.","Last, P. R., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Weigmann, S. (2016 g) Skates. Family Rajidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 204 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Seret, B. (2016) Batoid fishes. Multiple families. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1337 - 1369, 1404 - 1433.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Genus Hexatrygon Heemstra & Smith, 1980 Sixgill Stingray Hexatrygon Heemstra & Smith, 1980: 1. Type by original designation (also monotypic)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Heemstra, P. C. & Smith, M. M. (1980) Hexatrygonidae, a new family of stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Batoidea) from South Africa, with comments on the classification of batoid fishes. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 43, 1 - 17."]}

Poroderma pantherinum (Smith, in Müller & Henle, 1838c) Leopard Catshark Scyllium pantherinum Smith, in M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 13. Syntypes: BMNH 1845.7.3.145 (stuffed); RMNH uncatalogued (1, lost); UTZI uncatalogued (1, lost). According to Fricke et al. (2020) appeared first as name only in Smith, 1838: 85. Local synonymy: Poroderma pantherinum: Smith, 1837: 85 (name only); Smith, in M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 13; Garman, 1913: 70; Fowler, 1925b: 189; Fowler, 1941: 37; Smith 1949a: 53, fig. 33; Smith, 1965: 53, fig. 33; Bass et al., 1975a: 30, fig. 18; Springer, 1979: 114; Compagno, 1984b: 349, fig.; Bass, 1986: 95, fig. 11.15, pl. 3; Compagno, 1988a: 117; Compagno et al., 1989: 48, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 119; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 67; Compagno et al., 2005: 243, fig., pl. 39; Human, 2006a: 6, fig. 3; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 370, fig., pl. 50; Mann, 2013: 187; NPOA, 2013: 47; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 878. Poroderma submaculatum Smith, 1837: 85 (name only). Poroderma variegatum Smith, 1837: 85 (name only). Scyllium leopardinum M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 13 (Fowler, 1941: 38 attributes this name to Van Horst in M̹ller & Henle, although no reference to Van Horst is given in M̹ller & Henle). Scyllium maeandrinum von Rapp in M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 13. Scyllium variegatum Smith in M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 14; Smith, 1849: 11, fig. 3, pl. 25; Duméril 1853: 83; Bleeker 1878: 1, 8; Sauvage 1891: 511. Scyllium pantherinum: Smith in M̹ller & Henle, 1838c: 13; Smith 1849: 11, fig. 2, pl. 25; Gray, 1851: 31; Bleeker, 1860: 57; Duméril, 1865: 322; Gilchrist, 1902: 164. Scyllium africanum: G̹nther, 1870: 405; Lampe, 1914: 209. Scyllium africanum var. pantherina: G̹nther, 1870: 405; Lampe, 1914: 212. Scyllium africanum var. striata: G̹nther, 1870: 405; Lampe, 1914: 212. Scyllium africanum var. variegata: G̹nther, 1870: 405; Lampe, 1914: 212. Scyliorhinus pantherinus: Regan, 1908b: 456. Scyllium africanum var. punctata Lampe, 1914: 212. Scylliorhinus pantherinus: Smith, 1849: 11, fig. 2, pl. 25; Thompson, 1914: 138; Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916: 270; Gilchrist, 1922a: 4; Barnard, 1925: 40, fig. 5, pl. 2; Barnard, 1927: 1013. Scyliorhinus regani: Fowler, 1925b: 188, fig. 1; Fowler, 1926: 32, fig. 3, not Holohalaelurus regani (Gilchrist, 1922b). Poroderma marleyi Fowler, 1934a: 234 (original description); Fowler, 1941: 38; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 197; Smith, 1949a: 53, pl. 2; Springer & Garrick, 1964: 86; Smith, 1965: 53, pl. 2; Bass et al., 1975a: 29, fig. 17; Springer, 1979: 114; Compagno, 1984b: 348, fig.; Bass, 1986: 94, fig. 11.14; Compagno, 1988a: 118; Human, 2006a: fig. 5. Scyliorhinus leopardus: Fowler, 1935: 361. Conoporoderma pantherinum: Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948b: 197. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 5910, SAIAB 6000, SAIAB 6001, SAIAB 6002, SAIAB 10273, SAIAB 10372, SAIAB 10737, SAIAB 11960, SAIAB 12016, SAIAB 13130, SAIAB 16728, SAIAB 17326, SAIAB 17783, SAIAB 18179, SAIAB 19992, SAIAB 25181, SAIAB 25214, SAIAB 25215, SAIAB 25216, SAIAB 25217, SAIAB 25336, SAIAB 25921, SAIAB 25921, SAIAB 25928, SAIAB 26283, SAIAB 26284, SAIAB 26285, SAIAB 26286, SAIAB 26287, SAIAB 26288, SAIAB 26289, SAIAB 26441, SAIAB 26442, SAIAB 26443, SAIAB 27206, SAIAB 27207, SAIAB 27649, SAIAB 34577, SAIAB 37057, SAIAB 39990, SAIAB 48495, SAIAB 53684, SAIAB 53685, SAIAB 189034. South African distribution: Endemic. Saldanha Bay (WC) to Durban (KZN), but most common on the south and southeast coasts (Human, 2006a). Remarks: Fowler (1934a) described a new Poroderma species (P. marleyi) based on an extreme color morph from off Durban. However, examination of additional color morphs throughout its range reveals this species to be a junior synonym of P. pantherinum (Human, 2006a). Furthermore, it appears that “marleyi” color morph occurs at the extreme ends of its range, both in the Saldaha (WC) and KZN areas (D.A. Ebert, unpubl. data) Conservation status: LC (2020). Genus Scyliorhinus Blainville, 1816 Scyliorhinus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville, 1816: 121. Type species: Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758). Type by subsequent designation., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1838 c) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 1 - 28.","Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (Eds.) (2020) Eschmeyer's catalog of fishes: genera, species, and references. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 30 June 2020)","Smith, A. (1838) (On the necessity for a revision of the groups included in the Linnean genus Squalus). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 5 (57), 85 - 86.","Smith, A. (1837) (On the necessity for a revision of the groups included in the Linnean genus Squalus). Annals of Natural History, 1 (1), 72 - 74.","Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates, and rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 36, 1 - 515.","Fowler, H. W. (1925 b) Fishes from Natal, Zululand and Portuguese East Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1925, 77, 187 - 268.","Fowler, H. W. (1941) The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli, and Ostarophysi obtained by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries streamer \" Albatross \" in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bulletin United States National Museum, 100, 1 - 879.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 a) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. II. The families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 37, 1 - 64.","Springer, S. (1979) A revision of the catsharks, family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 422, 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63029","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Human, B. A. (2006 a) A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus Poroderma Smith, 1837 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa, 1229 (1), 1 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1229.1.1","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Smith, A. (1849) Pisces. In: Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. Vol. 4. Smith, Elder, and Co., London, 77 pp.","Dumeril, A. H. A. (1853) Monographie de la tribu des Scylliens ou Roussettes (poissons plagiostomes) comprenant deux especes nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, Series 2, 5, 8 - 25 + 73 - 87 + 119 - 130.","Gray, J. E. (1851) List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. British Museum (Natural History), London, 160 pp.","Bleeker, P. (1860 a) Elfde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Amboina. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (5), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153","Dumeril, A. H. A. (1865) Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie generale. Tome Premier. I. Elasmobranches. Plagiostomes et Holocephales ou Chimeres. Vol. 1. Librarie Encylopedique de Roret, Paris, 720 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2111","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.","Lampe, M. 1914. Die fische der Deutschen S ʾ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. 3. Die hochsee- und k ʾ stenfische. Deutsch S ̡ dpolar-Expedition, 15 (2), 203 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Regan, C. T. (1908 b) A synopsis of the sharks of the Family Scyliorhinidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 1, 453 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930808692434","Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. & Thompson, W. W. (1916) A catalogue of the sea fishes recorded from Natal. Part I. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1 (3), 255 - 290.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 a) Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey. Report no. 2 for the Year 1921. Annexure A. List of Fishes, etc., procured; Annexure B., List of stations of SS \" Pickle \"; Annexure C., Journal of SS \" Pickle \". Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 1 - 85.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Barnard, K. H. (1927) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part II (Teleostei - Discocephali to end. Appendix). Annals of the South African Museum 21, 419 - 1065.","Fowler, H. W. (1926) Descriptions of three new fishes from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 5 (3), 399 - 402.","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","Fowler, H. W. (1934 a) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 85 (for 1933), 233 - 367.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948 b) Sharks. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 1. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 1, 56 - 576.","Garrick, J. A. F. & Springer, S. (1964) Isistius plutodus, a new squaloid shark from the Gulf of Mexico. Copeia, 1964 (4), 678 - 682. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441443","Fowler, H. W. (1935) South African fishes received from Mr. H. W. Bell-Marley in 1935. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 87, 361 - 408.","Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du regne animal. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique, Paris, 8, 105 - 112, 121 - 124.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542"]}

Heteronarce garmani Regan, 1921 Natal Electric Ray Heteronarce garmani Regan, 1921: 414. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1921.3.1.3. Type locality: 15–20 miles off Umvoti River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Local synonymy: Heteronarce garmani: Regan, 1921: 414; Gilchrist, 1922b: 50; von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 14; Barnard, 1925: 92; Fowler, 1925b: 193; Barnard, 1927: 1016; Smith, 1949a: 74, fig. 90; Smith, 1964: 291, pl. 29a; Smith, 1965: 74, fig. 90; Wallace, 1967a: 55, fig. 28; Compagno, 1986: 113, fig. 24.1; Compagno et al., 1989: 82, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 116; Compagno & Heemstra, 2007: 43; NPOA, 2013: 52; da Silva et al., 2015: 247; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; de Carvalho, 2016: 175, fig. 16.3; Weigmann, 2016: 912. Heteronarce regani von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 14, fig. 2, pl. 22 (original descrption). Narcine natalensis Fowler, 1925a: 198, fig. 2 (original description). Narcine garmani Fowler, 1925b: 193. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: BMNH 1921.3.1.3. Non-types: SAIAB 16568, SAIAB 10439 [former ORI B 834]. South African distribution: Algoa Bay (EC) to northern KZN. Remarks: A very rare, small, regionally endemic electric ray known only from the east coast of South Africa, Mozambique and Madagascar. Conservation status: NT (2020). Genus Narke Kaup, 1826 Onefin Sleeper Rays Narke Kaup, 1826: 88. Type species: Raja capensis Gmelin, 1789, by monotypy., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 70-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Regan, C. T. (1921) New fishes from deepwater off the coast of Natal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 7 (41), 412 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632540","Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Fowler, H. W. (1925 b) Fishes from Natal, Zululand and Portuguese East Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1925, 77, 187 - 268.","Barnard, K. H. (1927) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part II (Teleostei - Discocephali to end. Appendix). Annals of the South African Museum 21, 419 - 1065.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1964) Fishes collected by Dr T. Mortenson off the coast of South Africa in 1929, with an account of the genus Cruriraja Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954 in South Africa. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 126, 283 - 300.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 a) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part III: skates and electric rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 17, 1 - 62.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (2007) Electrolux addisoni, a new genus and species of electric ray from the east coast of South Africa (Rajiformes: Torpedinoidei: Narkidae), with a review of torpedinoid taxonomy. Smithiana, 7, 15 - 49.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Seret, B. & de Carvalho, M. R. (2016) Sixgill stingrays. Family Hexatrygonidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 509 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Fowler, H. W. (1925 a) Descriptions of three new marine fishes from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 5 (2), 195 - 200.","Kaup, J. J. (1826) Beytrage zu Amphibiologie und Ichthiyologie. Isis, Oken, 19 (1), 87 - 89.","Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Caroli a Linne ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 1788 - 93. 3 Vols. in 9 parts. Vol. 1. Pt. 3. s. n., Lipsiae, pp. 1033 - 1516."]}

Genus Cirrhigaleus Tanaka, 1912 Roughskin Dogfishes Cirrhigaleus Tanaka, 1912: 151. Type species: Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka, 1912. Type by original designation (also monotypic)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Tanaka, S. (1912) Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan, including the Riukiu Islands, Bonin Islands, Formosa, Kurile Islands, Korea, and southern Sakhalin. Figures and Descriptions of the Fishes of Japan, 9, 145 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13715"]}

Etmopterus sculptus Ebert, Compagno, & De Vries, 2011 Sculpted Lanternshark Etmopterus sculptus Ebert, Compagno, & De Vries, 2011: 279, figs. 1–2. Holotype: SAM 37569. Type locality: 33°22.9'S, 17°29.1'E, off Cape Town, South Africa. Local synonymy: Etmopterus lucifer: Gilchrist, 1922b: 49; Barnard, 1925: 50; Smith, 1949a: 59, fig. 52; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1957: 56; Smith, 1965: 59, fig. 52; Bass et al., 1976: 25, figs. 17, 18c; Compagno, 1984: 79, fig.; Compagno et al., 2005: 102, fig., pl. 8. Spinax lucifer: Norman, 1935: 37. Etmopterus brachyurus: Bass et al., 1986: 55, fig. 5.11; Compagno et al., 1989: 30, pl.; Compagno et al., 1991: 61. Etmopterus cf. brachyurus: Ebert et al., 1992: 604; Compagno, 1999: 114; Compagno, 2016: 1186, fig. Etmopterus sculptus: Ebert, 2013: 83, fig. 108; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 139, fig., pl. 10; Ebert & Mostada, 2013: 33, fig.; Ebert, 2015: 82, fig. 95; Ebert & Mostada, 2015: 29, fig.; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 144; Weigmann, 2016: 897. South Africa voucher material: Holotype: SAM 37569. Paratypes: SAM 33011, 37570 (2 specimens), 37571 (2 specimens). Non-types: SAIAB 6191, SAIAB 6195, SAIAB 2430, SAIAB 2431, SAIAB 2432, SAIAB 2588, SAIAB 21930, SAIAB 21931, SAIAB 25308, SAIAB 25309, SAIAB 25735, SAIAB 26256, SAIAB 26258, SAIAB 26259, SAIAB 26265, SAM F41924 -3, SAM F41924 -4. South Africa distribution: Occurs along the entire South African coast from the Orange River (NC) to KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: Etmopterus sculptus was long misidentified in the South African literature either as E. brachyurus or E. lucifer, but both of these species occur in the Western Pacific. Etmopterus sculptus is one of the most common lanternshark species found in South African waters (after E. granulosus). Conservation status: LC (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1922 b) Deep-sea fishes procured by the S. A. \" Pickle \" (Part I.). Special Report (3), Report of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 2, 41 - 79.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1957) A study of the sharks of the suborder Squaloidea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 117 (1), 1 - 150.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI. The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 45, 1 - 103.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Norman, J. R. (1935) Coast fishes, Part. I. The South Atlantic. ' Discovery' Reports, 12, 1 - 58.","Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. & Cowley, P. D. (1992) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of squaloid sharks off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12, 601 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619209504727","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Ebert D. A. (2013) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. Sharks. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 8. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome, 256 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Genus Heptranchias Rafinesque, 1810a Sharpnose Sevengill Sharks Heptranchias Rafinesque, 1810a: 13. Type species: “ Squalus cinereus Lacépède ” by original designation, equals S. cinereus Gmelin in Linnaeus & Gmelin, 1789 and a junior synonym of Squalus perlo Bonnaterre, 1788., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 a) s. n. In: Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Part 1 (involves fishes). Sanfilippo, Palermo, pp. 3 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418","Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Caroli a Linne ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 1788 - 93. 3 Vols. in 9 parts. Vol. 1. Pt. 3. s. n., Lipsiae, pp. 1033 - 1516.","Bonnaterre, J. P. (1788) Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois regnes de la nature. Ichthyologie, Paris, 215 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11660"]}

Genus Harriotta Garman, 1901 Narrownose Chimaeras Harriotta Goode & Bean, 1895: 471. Type species: Harriotta raleighana Goode & Bean, 1895, type by monotypy., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Garman, S. (1901) Genera and families of the chimaeroids. Proceedings of the New England Zo ˆ logical Club, 2, 75 - 77.","Goode, G. B. & Bean, T. H. (1895) On Harriotta, a new type of chimaeroid fish from the deeper waters of the northwestern Atlantic. Scientific Results of Exploration by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 1894, 17 (1014), 471 - 473. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.17 - 1014.471"]}

Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) Great Hammerhead Zygaena mokarran R ̹ppell, 1837: 66, pl. 17 (fig. 3). Lectotype: SMF 3590 (stuffed); lectotype designation by Klausewitz (1960). Type locality: Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Local synonymy: Sphyrna mokarran: D’Aubrey, 1964a: 47, pl. 28; Gilbert, 1967: 25, figs. 6, 7, 21b, 22b, pl. 2, 6a (revision of family); Bass et al., 1975b: 44, fig. 25; Compagno, 1984b: 548, fig.; Bass, 1986: 97, fig. 13.2; Cliff & Wilson, 1986: 26; Compagno, 1988a: 35; Compagno et al., 1989: 72, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 120; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 68; Compagno et al., 2005: 324, fig., pl. 64; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 504, fig., pl. 75; NPOA, 2013: 48; Ebert & Dando, 2014: 17, fig.; da Silva et al., 2015: 248; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146; Compagno, 2016: 1333; Weigmann, 2016: 881. South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6268 [ex ORI 2610], SAIAB 7010 [ex ORI 196], SAIAB 7011 [ex ORI 825], SAIAB 7012 [ex ORI 965], SAIAB 7013 [ex ORI 1296], SAIAB 99328, SAIAB 99329. South African distribution: Port Shepstone to the KZN border with Mozambique. Remarks: The least common of the hammerhead shark species occurring in South African waters, it is most common during the warmer months (Bass et al., 1975b). Conservation status: CR (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Klausewitz, W. (1960) Die Typen und Typoide des Naturmuseums Senckenberg, 23, Pisces, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 41 (5 / 6), 289 - 296.","D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.","Gilbert, C. R. (1967) A revision of the hammerhead sharks (family Sphyrnidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 119 (3539), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.119 - 3539.1","Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. III. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding Mustelus and Carcharhinus) and Sphyrnidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 38, 1 - 100.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655.","Bass, A. J. (1986) Families Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Orectolobidae, Rhinicodontidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Pseudocarchariidae, Squatinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 47 - 48 + 64 - 66 + 87 - 102 + 103 + 107.","Cliff, G. & Wilson, R. B. (1986) Natal Sharks Board's Field Guide to Sharks and Other Marine Animals. Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 57 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.","Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.","Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.","NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp.","da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. & Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874"]}

Genus Cephaloscyllium Gill, 1862 Swellsharks Cephaloscyllium Gill, 1862: 407. Type species: Scyllium laticeps Duméril, 1853. Type by original designation (also monotypic)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Gill, T. N. (1862) Analytical synopsis of the order of Squali; and revision of the nomenclature of the genera. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 7, 367 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1862. tb 00166. x","Dumeril, A. H. A. (1853) Monographie de la tribu des Scylliens ou Roussettes (poissons plagiostomes) comprenant deux especes nouvelles. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, Series 2, 5, 8 - 25 + 73 - 87 + 119 - 130."]}

Pastinachus ater (Macleay, 1883) Broad Cowtail Ray Taeniura atra Macleay, 1883 a: 598. Holotype: AMS I.9762. Type locality: Port Moresby district, Papua New Guinea. Local synonymy: Dasyatis sephen: Smith, 1957e: 431, pl. 16b; Smith, 1961a: 565, fig. 79c, pl. 108; Smith, 1965: 565, fig. 79c, pl. 108; Wallace, 1967c: 42, fig. 21. Hypolophus sephen: Compagno & Heemstra, 1984: 3; Compagno, 1986: 140, fig. 30.12; Compagno et al., 1989: 104, pl. Pastinachus sephen: Compagno, 1999: 117; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147. Pastinachus ater: Last et al., 2016h: 364; Last et al., 2016i: 594, fig. 25.65. Pastinachus atrus: Weigmann, 2016: 976. South Africa voucher material: None examined. South African distribution: Northern KZN. Remarks: Smith (1957) first reported this stingray, as Dasyatis sephen, from northern KZN. It appears to be rare in South African waters, which is considered to be the edge of its range. Conservation status: NE. Genus Pateobatis Last, Naylor, & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2016 h Whiprays Pateobatis Last, Naylor, & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2016 h: 362. Type species: Trygon uarnacoides Bleeker, 1852, by original designation., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["Macleay, W. (1883) Contribution to a knowledge of the fishes of New Guinea. No. III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 7 (4), 585 - 598. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 22766","Smith, J. L. B. (1957 e) Dasyatid rays new to South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 10 (116), 429 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935708655980","Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 c) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part II: manta, eagle, duckbill, cownose, butterfly and sting rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 16, 1 - 56.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (1984) Himantura draco, a new species of stingray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from South Africa, with a key to the Dasyatidae and the first record of Dasyatis kuhlii (M ʾ ller & Henle, 1841) from southern Africa. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication, 33, 1 - 17.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. (2016 h) A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139 (3), 345 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.3.2","Last, P. R., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M., Naylor, G. J. P. & White, W. T. (2016 i) Stingrays. Family Dasyatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 522 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Smith, J. L. B. (1957 a) A new shark from South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 53, 261 - 264.","Bleeker, P. (1852) Bijdrage tot de kennis der Plagiostomen van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 24, 1 - 92."]}

Cruriraja durbanensis (von Bonde & Swart, 1923) Smoothnose Legskate Raia durbanensis von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 11, fig. 1, pl. 22. Syntypes: (2) whereabouts unknown. Type locality: Hondeklip Bay, southwestern South Africa, southeastern Atlantic. Local synonymy: Raia durbanensis: von Bonde & Swart, 1923: 11, fig. 1, pl. 22; Barnard, 1925: 69. Cruriraja durbanensis: Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948a: 550; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1953: 315; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962: 199; Smith, 1964: 287; Wallace, 1967a: 7; Hulley, 1970: 156, fig. 3; Hulley, 1986: 116, fig. 25.2; Compagno et al., 1989: 84, pl. Compagno et al., 1991: 91; Ebert et al., 1991: 79; Stehmann, 1995: 103; Compagno, 1999: 117; Compagno & Ebert, 2007: 141, fig. 8a; Ebert & Compagno, 2007: 122; Aschliman et al., 2010: 370; Ebert, 2015: 174, fig. 191; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147; Weigmann, 2016: 963; Weigmann et al., 2016a: 478, fig. 21.4. Raia spinacidermis: Smith, 1949a: 66 (in part Raia durbanensis in synonymy); Smith, 1965: 66 (in part).) South Africa voucher material: Syntypes, 2 specimens both lost. No other known specimens available. South African distribution: Endemic. Hondeklip Bay (NC). Remarks: The only two known specimens are lost and to date no other specimens of this species have been observed despite extensive surveys along the west coast. The specific name “ durbanensis ” is misleading since the only known specimens were caught off the west coast in very deepwater. Conservation status: DD (2019)., Published as part of Ebert, David A., Wintner, Sabine P. & Kyne, Peter M., 2021, An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa, pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 4947 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4947.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4614567, {"references":["von Bonde, C. & Swart, D. B. (1923) The Platosomia (skates and rays) collected by the S. S. \" Pickle \". University of South Africa, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 3 (5), 1 - 22.","Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948 a) New genera and species of batoid fishes. Journal of Marine Research, 7 (3), 543 - 566.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1953) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Part 2. Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates, rays and chimaeroids. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Series 1, 2, 1 - 588.","Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1962) New and little known batoid fishes from the western Atlantic. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 128 (4), 161 - 244.","Smith, J. L. B. (1964) Fishes collected by Dr T. Mortenson off the coast of South Africa in 1929, with an account of the genus Cruriraja Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954 in South Africa. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 126, 283 - 300.","Wallace, J. H. (1967 a) The batoid fishes of the east coast of southern Africa. Part III: skates and electric rays. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 17, 1 - 62.","Hulley, P. A. (1970) An investigation of the Rajidae of the west and south coasts of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 55, 151 - 220.","Hulley, P. A. (1986) Family Rajidae, Anacanthobatidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 115 - 128.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Cowley, P. D. (1991) Distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) of the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11, 43 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 025776191784287664","Ebert, D. A., Cowley, P. D. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1991) A preliminary investigation of the feeding ecology of skates (Batoidea: Rajidae) off the west coast of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 10, 71 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 02577619109504621","Stehmann, M. (1995) First and new records of skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the West African continental slope (Morocco to South Africa), with descriptions of two new species. Archiv f ̡ r Fischereiwissenschaft, 43 (1), 1 - 119.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406","Compagno, L. J. V. & Ebert, D. A. (2007) Southern African skate biodiversity and distribution. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 125 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 007 - 9243 - 4","Aschliman, N. C., Ebert, D. A. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2010) A new legskate (Rajoidei; genus Cruriraja) from southern Africa. Copeia, 3, 364 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 09 - 215","Ebert, D. A. (2015) Deep-sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 9. FAO, Rome, 251 pp.","Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the \" Lost Sharks \" of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730","Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","Weigmann, S., Seret, B., Last, P. R. & McEachran, J. D. (2016 a) Pygmy skates. Family Gurgesiellidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 473 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148","Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.","Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp."]}