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Ruidocollaris truncatolobata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) (Figs. 1, 2, 10, 11, 21, 22, 31, 32, 40, 49, 58, 67, 68, 75, 76, 83, 84, 96) Sympaestria truncato-lobata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878: 186. Sympaestria truncato-lobata: Tinkham, 1943: 38. Ruidocollaris truncato-lobata: Liu, 1993: 46. Rudicollaris truncato-lobata: Liu, 1999: 130. Material examined. 4 males, 2 females, at light, China: Guizhou Prov.: Libo County, Maolan nature reserve, Yaosuo Village, Bizuo Spot, 500m, 2008. VIII. 1 ���VIII. 4., Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 2 males, 1 female, at light, China: Guizhou Prov.: Libo County, Maolan nature reserve, Yaogu Village, 650m, 2008. VII. 26 ���VII. 28, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 4 males, China: Anhui Prov.: Huanshan Mt., Yungusi, 1977. VII. 19, Coll. Li Fasheng (ICAU, No. 000101-000104); 1 male, China: Fujian Prov.: Jian���ou, Wangmulin, 1986. VII. 30, Coll. Chen Naizhong (ICAU, No. 000105); China: Wuyishan Mt., Sangang, 1 male, 740m, 1960. VII. 15, Zhang Yiran (IZAS, No. 360862), 1 male, 1986. VIII. 7, Coll. Xie Ming (ICAU, No. 000106); China: Fujian Prov., Wuyishan Mt., 1 female, 1986. VIII. 6, Xie Ming (ICAU, No. 000107), 1 female, 1981.IX, Jiang Fan (IZAS, No. 360912); 1 male, China: Fujian Prov., Fuzhou, Meifeng, 1963. VII. 16, Coll. Zhu Fuxing, Huang Keren, and Lu Youcai (IZAS, No. 360852-360861, No. 360898-360907); 1 male, China: Sze-chwan, Mt. Omei, Paian-Kara-Ula Range, 4500 feet, Collecting date and collector unknown (IZAS, No. 360880)? 2 males, 4 females, China: Sichuan Prov., Ya���an, Baoxing, Muping, 1020m, 2003. VIII. 12, Coll. Liu Chunxing (IZAS, No. 361291); 2 males, at light, China: Hubei Prov.: Shennongjia, Niuchong, 1998. VII. 18 ���VII. 19, Coll. Yu Xiaodong (IZAS, No. 360958-360959); 2 males, 1 female, China: Hunan Prov., 1981, collector unknown (IZAS, No. 360909, 360881, 360885); 1 female, at light, China: Hunan Prov.: Cili, Jiangya farm, 1988. VIII. 26, collector unknown (IZAS, No. 360863); 2 males, 1 female, China: Hunan Prov.: Yongshun, Shamuhe Forestry Centre, 500���620m, 1988. VIII. 3 ���VIII. 15, Coll. Yang Xingke, Zhang Xiaochun (IZAS, No. 360864, 360869, 360870); 1 male, China: Hunan Prov.: Guzhang, Gaowangjie, 600m, 1988. VII. 31, Coll. Li Wei (IZAS, No. 360871); 1 female, China: Hunan Prov.: Dayong, Zhushitou, 400m, 1988. VIII. 18, Collector unknown; 5 males, 1 female, China: Guizhou Prov.: Jiangkou, Fanjingshan Mt., 210���2300m, 1988. VII. 13 ��� VII, 17, Wang Shuyong, Zhang Xiaochun (IZAS, No. 360868, 360872- 360876); 1 female, China: Guizhou Prov.: Leishan Mt., taojiang, 1500m, 1988. VII. 6, Coll. Liu Hong (IZAS, No. 360878-360879); 1 male, China: Yunnan Prov., 1936. VIII. 3, Wang C.W.; 1 male, China: Yunnan Prov.: Xishuangbanna, Meng���a, 1050-1080m, 1958. V. 11, Wang Shuyong (IZAS, No. 360850); 6 males, at light, China: Guangxi Prov.: Miaoershan Mt., Niujiutang, 1100m, 1985. VII. 2 ���VII. 10, Coll. Fan Jianguo, Song Shimei (IZAS, No. 360952-360957); 1 female, China: Guangxi Prov.: Longsheng, Tianpingshan, 740m, 1963. VI. 17, Coll. Shi Yongshan (IZAS, No. 360884); 1 female, China: Jiangxi Prov., Pingxiang, 1979. IX. 11, Collector unknown (IZAS, No. 360908); 1 male, 1 female, at light, China: Jiangxi Prov.: Jiulianshan Mt., Xiagongtang, 2000. VII. 24-30, Coll. Yuan Decheng (IZAS, No. 360909-360910); China: Zhejiang Prov.: Tianmushan Mt., 1 male, 1 female, 1987. VII. 19 ���VIII. 6, Collector unknown (IZAS, No. 360882, 360886), 1 female, 1973. VII. 23, Coll. Yu Peiyu (IZAS, No. 360913), 1 male, 1936. VII. 23, Coll. O. Piel (IZAS, No. 360915); 3 males, at light, collecting place unknown, 1900m, 1979. VII. 2, Coll. Yan Xiangqun (IZAS, No. 360916-360918). Redescription. Male stridulatory teeth gradually becoming smaller from middle to both ends, including about 60 distinct stridulatory teeth and other 20���27 indistinct small teeth at apical part (Figs. 21, 22). Male cerci with apex gradually constricted, obtuse (Fig. 49). Male subgenital plate elongate, much longer than wide, apical margin with a small triangular notch, slim styli as long as one third of subgenital plate (Fig. 58). Female with ovipositor robust, slightly longer than pronotum, gradually upcurved, with regularly arranged rows of granulations on lateral surface; apical part tapering, with obliquely truncated ventral margin, and both margins serrate (Figs. 67, 68); subgenital plate wide obtuse triangular (Figs. 75, 76). Coloration (Figs. 83, 84). Green. Wings commonly green. Tympana with membrane brown. Claw of each tarsus slightly brown. Each abdominal tergum with a large triangular brown spot, with green posterior margin. Male tenth abdominal tergum slightly reddish brown, and cerci, epiproct, paraproct green. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 25.0���38.0, female 37.0���43.0; of pronotum: male 9.0��� 10.5, female 10.0��� 10.5; height of paranota: male 6.2; length of paranota: male 5.0; of tegmen: male 50.0���56.0, female 50.0���58.0; largest width of tegmen: male 15.5, female 22.7; length of hind wing: male 56.0���62.0, female 62.5���65.5; of posterior femur: male 24.0���28.0, female 25.0���28.0; of apical style of male: 2.08; length of ovipositor 11.0���12.0; largest width of ovipositor 4.5. Discussion. Based on a female holotype from China, Sympaestria truncato-lobata was established by Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878), with a brief description and illustration. We can correctly identify Sympaestria truncato-lobata from the original description of its special ovipositor. Liu (1993) erected another genus Ruidocollaris for the type species Sympaestria truncato-lobata and Liotrachela convexipennis Caudell, and gave rather detailed redescription and illustrations about the type species. Here we agree with him, and provide some supplementation. Distribution (Fig. 96). China, Japan, Java (Caudell 1927)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329, {"references":["Liu, X. W. (1993) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Stenopelmatoidea. In Huang, C. M. (Ed.), Animals of Longqi Mountain. The Series of the bioresources Expedition to the Longqi Mountain Natural Reserve. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. pp. 41 - 56. (In Chinese with English summary)","Liu, X. W. & Jin, X. B. (1999) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea. In Huang, B. (Ed.), Fauna of Insects Fujian Province of China. Vol. 1. Fujian Science and Technology Press, Fuzhou. pp. 125. (In Chinese with English summary)","Caudell, A. N. (1927) On a Collection of Orthopteroid Insects from Java made by Owen Bryant & Wm. Palmer in 1909. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 71 (3), 1 - 42."]}

Tapiena quadridens Liu & Xia, 1996 (Figs. 1 e–f, 4 a, d–f) Tapiena quadridens Liu & Xia, 1996, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21 (2): 197; (Holotype M, origi. descrip.; type locality: Jinghong, Yunnan, China; type deposited in MSIE, Shanghai). Material examined. 1 male (Holotype), China: Yunnan Prov.: Jinghong, Jinuo, 1991. IX. 8, Coll. Liu Zuyao, Wang Tianqi & Yin Haisheng (MSIE); 1 male, China: Yunnan Prov.: Simao District: Caiyanghe nature reserve, 1400m (at light), 2004. VIII. 24, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS). Redescription. Male (holotype). Male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 150 fine teeth (Fig. 4 a). Tenth abdominal tergum large, wide, abruptly tapering near apex, with four teeth at apical margin (Fig. 4 f); strongly deflexed in distal part in lateral view (Fig. 4 d). Cerci robust; interior margin strongly inflated from middle, and distinctly concave in distal part; apex shaped into a wide compressed tooth (Fig. 4 f). Subgenital plate widest at base, distinctly narrowed towards apex; split from apical fourth into two lateral lobes, notch between triangular, as long as one fifth length of subgenital plate; styli slender, as long as two thirds length of subgenital plate (Fig. 4 e). Female. Unknown. Coloration. Yellowish green (maybe green at alive). Compound eyes dark brown. Pronotum yellowish green. Wings lightly green. Each lateral surface of anterior femur with a series of black spots on upper and middle areas, separately. Spine of cerci darkly brown. Measurements of male (mm). Length of body 20.0; length of pronotum 4.8; length of tegmen 33.0; largest width of tegmen 7.5; length of hind wing 37.0; length of posterior femur 16.2. Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.).

Tapiena stridulous Liu and Kang sp. n. (Figs. 2 e���f, 6 a, d���i) Type material. Holotype: male, China: Hainan Island: Tongza, Coll. Li Pingfu (IZAS); Paratype, 1 female, same data as in Holotype (IZAS); 2 males, at light, Baisha, Yinggeling National nature reserve, 2005. VIII. 27 ��� IX. 12, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS). Description. Male (holotype). Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 240 fine teeth (Fig. 6 a). In dorsal view, tenth abdominal tergum extending, dorsal surface with a longitudinal furrow, basal half semicircular, middle part bacilliform, apical part gradually widened, apical margin with a triangular concavity (Fig. 6 g); in lateral view lateral margin arcuate, extending backwards into a sharp spine, which directing ventrad (Fig. 6 f). Subgenital plate with base widest, gradually narrowed, apical margin with a large triangular notch, longer than two thirds length of subgenital plate; styli slender, as long as two thirds length of subgenital plate (Fig. 6 i). Female. Tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, cerci, and ovipositor similar to other congener. Ovipositor with lateral surface approximately smooth, dorsal margin crenulated thoroughly and not obliquely truncated, and ventral margin in distal fifth part crenulated (Fig. 6 d). Subgenital plate triangular on the whole, with lateral margins slightly convex, and apical margin obtuse (Fig. 6 e). Coloration. Green. Each lateral margin of anterior femur with two elongate rows of dark brown dots. Dorsal surface above tympana on anterior tibiae with dark brown spots. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 24.0, female 25.0; length of pronotum: male 5.5, female 5.5; length of tegmen: male 32.5, female 37.0; largest width of tegmen: male 8.0, female 9.5; length of hind wing: male 37.0, female 37.0; length of posterior femur: male 16.0, female 16.0; length of ovipositor: 9.0. Comparison. Tapiena stridulous resmbles T. hainanensis Liu & Xia on the whole, but differs by the much smaller size, the structure of stridulatory apparatus, and the male cerci. Distribution. China (Hainan Island)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on pages 60-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106

Tapiena quadridens Liu & Xia, 1996 (Figs. 1 e���f, 4 a, d���f) Tapiena quadridens Liu & Xia, 1996, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21 (2): 197; (Holotype M, origi. descrip.; type locality: Jinghong, Yunnan, China; type deposited in MSIE, Shanghai). Material examined. 1 male (Holotype), China: Yunnan Prov.: Jinghong, Jinuo, 1991. IX. 8, Coll. Liu Zuyao, Wang Tianqi & Yin Haisheng (MSIE); 1 male, China: Yunnan Prov.: Simao District: Caiyanghe nature reserve, 1400m (at light), 2004. VIII. 24, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS). Redescription. Male (holotype). Male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 150 fine teeth (Fig. 4 a). Tenth abdominal tergum large, wide, abruptly tapering near apex, with four teeth at apical margin (Fig. 4 f); strongly deflexed in distal part in lateral view (Fig. 4 d). Cerci robust; interior margin strongly inflated from middle, and distinctly concave in distal part; apex shaped into a wide compressed tooth (Fig. 4 f). Subgenital plate widest at base, distinctly narrowed towards apex; split from apical fourth into two lateral lobes, notch between triangular, as long as one fifth length of subgenital plate; styli slender, as long as two thirds length of subgenital plate (Fig. 4 e). Female. Unknown. Coloration. Yellowish green (maybe green at alive). Compound eyes dark brown. Pronotum yellowish green. Wings lightly green. Each lateral surface of anterior femur with a series of black spots on upper and middle areas, separately. Spine of cerci darkly brown. Measurements of male (mm). Length of body 20.0; length of pronotum 4.8; length of tegmen 33.0; largest width of tegmen 7.5; length of hind wing 37.0; length of posterior femur 16.2. Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106, {"references":["Liu, X. W. & Xia, K. L. (1996) Descriptions of four new species of the genus Tapiena from China (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae). Acta Zootaxonomica sinica, 21 (2), 196 - 201."]}

Tapiena Bol��var, 1906 Type species: Tapeina acutangular Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878. Tapeina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 28: 163; Kirby, 1906, Syn. Cat. Orth. 2: 424; Bol��var, 1906, Mem. Soc. espan. Hist. nat. 1: 334 (syn.). Tapiena Bol��var, 1906, Mem. Soc. espan. Hist. nat. 1: 334; Karny, 1926, J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 13 (2���3): 89; Ragge, 1968, Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Ent. 22 (2): 95. Diagnosis. Fastigium verticis horizontally produced, conical, with apex obtuse. Fastigium frontis with apex truncated, approximately as wide as the first segment of antennae. Head (with frons and vertex), pronotum, pleurae, and tegmina densely and regularly covered with punctures. Pronotal disc with lateral carinae extending forth and parallel. Anterior coxae armed. Outer tympanal aperture exposed, oval, membranous; inner aperture in form of wide slit, covered by swelling. Each femoral genicular lobe round, without any spines. Tegmen without distinct Costa vein. Male subgenital plate with styli almost as long as half its length. Ovipositor with lateral surface not granuliferous and with dorsal and ventral margins indistinctly serrulate. Description. Fastigium verticis conical, of sub-equal width with scapus at base, distinctly narrowed at apex; dorsal furrow narrow; apex rounded, separated by a transverse furrow from fastigium frontis. Fastigium frontis with apex truncated. Occiput slightly convex, or with dorsal margin approximately flattened. Pronotal disc approximately flattened; anterior margin approximately straight, posterior margin rounded; transverse sulcus crossing midline lying in about middle of pronotum; elongate middle line usually indistinct, just possessing trace in middle, or even inexistent; lateral lobes of pronotum slightly higher than long; humeral sinus distinct. Tegmen widened, with sub-parallel margins; apical part conical, with approaching margins, apex rounded; radius sector bifurcated. Hind wings slightly projecting beyond tegmina. Each tibia with dorsal surface sulcate. Anterior femur with ventro-internal spines, median femur with ventro-external spines, and posterior femur with internal and external ventral spines; anterior and median tibiae usually without dorsal spinules, posterior tibiae with dorso-internal and external spinules. Male. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen cambered, simple, with dense fine teeth. Tenth abdominal tergum various, normal or strongly produced. Epiproct usually concealed under the tenth abdominal tergum. Cerci various through different species. Female. Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin slightly broadly triangularly produced. Supra-anal plate obtuse triangular. Cerci faintly curved, narrow, conical, apex obtuse. Ovipositor falcate, upcurved, ventral valves serrulate near apex, dorsal valves mostly indistinctly denticulate. Discussion. Tapiena is distinguished in having punctures on the head (with frons and vertex), pronotum, pleurae, and tegmina and unarmed genicular lobes. However, in general appearance, it resembles Rectimarginalis Liu & Kang, 2007 a, Holochlora Stal (Liu et al. 2008) and Sinochlora Tinkham (Liu & Kang 2007 b). Tapiena exhibits an interesting distributional patterns of species. Until now, there have been recorded twenty-six species in Tapiena, among which one species occurs in West Tropical Africa, and other twenty-five species are distributed in Oriental Realm. Among Oriental species, twelve are distributed in Southeast Asia, three in India, and ten species occur in China (Fig. 8). Among Chinese species, two occur in Hainan Island, and eight species are distributed in southwest China, among which one is endemic to low altitude in eastern Himalaya, five are endemic to Yunnan Province, one is endemic to Guangxi Province. Another is widespread in Guizhou Province, Sichuan Province and Guangxi Province. Thus it can be seen that diversity is very characteristic of Tapiena, and this may be very valuable and significant for biogeographic and evolutionary studies., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106, {"references":["Bolivar, I. (1906) Fasgonurios de la Guinea espanola. Memorias de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, I: 334.","Kirby, W. F. (1906) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. II. Othoptera Saltatoria. Part I. (Achetidae et Phasgonuridae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, VIII, 424.","Liu, C. X. & Kang, L. (2007 a) Rectimarginalis, new genus, with key to genera of Holochlorini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China. Entomological News, 118 (2), 184 - 192","Liu, C. X., Liu, X. W. & Kang, L. (2008) Review on the genus Holochlora Stal (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 55 (2), 223 - 240","Liu, C. X. & Kang, L. (2007 b) Revision of the genus Sinochlora Tinkham (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae). Journal of Natural History, 41 (21), 1313 - 1341"]}

Tapiena spinicaudata Liu & Xia, 1996 (Figs. 1 g���h, 4 b, g���k) Tapiena spinicaudata Liu & Xia, 1996, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21 (2): 197; (Holotype M, origi. descrip.; type locality: Jinuo, Yunnan, China; type deposited in MSIE, Shanghai). Material examined. 1 male (Holotype), China: Yunnan Prov.: Jinghong, Jinuo, 1991. IX. 8, Coll. Liu Zuyao, Wang Tianqi & Yin Haisheng (MSIE); China: Yunnan Prov.: Xishuanbanna: 1 male, 3 females, Xiaomengyang, 850m, 1957. VI. 21 ���VIII. 24 & 1958. X. 24, Coll. Wang Shuyong, Dai Lingchao & Zhang Yiran (IZAS); 1 male, 1 female, Mengla, 620���650 m, 1958. VI. 13 & 1959. VI. 9, Coll. Wang Shuyong &Zhang Yiran (IZAS); 1 female, Kongmingshan [Mt.], 2200m, 1957. IX. 21, Coll. Dai Lingchao (IZAS); 1 male, Meng���a, 1050���1080 m, 1958. VII. 21, Coll. Wang Shuyong (IZAS). Redescription. Male (holotype). Medium-sized. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 200 fine teeth (Fig. 4 b). Tenth abdominal tergum, in dorsal view, strongly produced, straight, not inclined, basal half semi-circular, bacilliform apical half densely with rows of spinules; in lateral view, apical half outspreading dorso-ventrad, ventral margin with 4���5 sharp spines (Figs. 4 g). Cerci cylindrical, slightly curved, apex with one large distal spine and one small sub-apical spine (Fig. 4 h). Subgenital plate with basal part wide, gradually narrowed, apical margin with a rather large triangular notch, as long as one third length of subgenital plate; styli slender, longer than two thirds length of subgenital plate (Fig. 4 i). First description of female (nov.). Tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, cerci, and ovipositor similar to other congener. Ovipositor strongly upcurved, with lateral surface approximately smooth, dorsal margin crenulated thoroughly and not obliquely truncated, and distal 1 / 5 part of ventral margin crenulated (Fig. 4 j). Subgenital plate triangular on the whole, with basal part of ventral surface symmetrically intumesced, lateral margins of distal part slightly concave, and apical margin obtuse (Fig. 4 k). Coloration. Green. Lateral surface of anterior femur with two longitudinal rows of dark brown dots. Auditory organ of anterior tibiae dorsally with dark brown stripes. Spines of cerci with tip black. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 21.5, female 20.0���23.0; length of pronotum: male 4.5, female 4.5; length of tegmen: male 30.5, female 33.5 ���34.0; largest width of tegmen: male 6.5, female 8.5 ��� 10.0; length of hind wing: male 35.5, female 36.0���38.0; length of posterior femur: male 16.0, female 16.0��� 18.0; length of ovipositor: 7.0���8.0. Notes. The redescription about tenth abdominal tergum doesn���t adapt to the original description by Liu & Xia (1996). The difference mostly lies in whether the tenth abdominal tergum inclined downwards or not. Some have straight tenth abdominal tergum and other not among our examined specimen, and we found some congener have straight tenth abdominal tergum when alive, which inclined downwards after killed, when collecting insects in Yunnan Province. Thus we considered it should have the tenth abdominal tergum straight when described. Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on pages 56-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106, {"references":["Liu, X. W. & Xia, K. L. (1996) Descriptions of four new species of the genus Tapiena from China (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae). Acta Zootaxonomica sinica, 21 (2), 196 - 201."]}

Tapiena hainanensis Liu & Xia, 1996 (Figs. 2 c–d, 6 b, j–m) Tapiena hainanensis Liu & Xia, 1996, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21 (2): 196–197; (Holotype M, origi. descrip.; type locality: Ledong County, Hainan Island, China,; type deposited in MSIE, Shanghai). Material examined. 1 male (Holotype), China: Ledong, Jianfengling, 1982. VII. 6, Coll. Liu Yuanfu (MSIE); 2 males, China: Hainan Island: Jianfengling, 340m, 1981. VII. 23, Coll. Gu Baobin & Lin Youdong (IZAS). Redescription. Male (holotype). Male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 150 rather distinct fine teeth and about apical 25 indistinct teeth (Fig. 6 b). Tenth abdominal tergum extending, produced into a narrow protuberance, dorsal surface with a longitudinal furrow, apical part gradually widened, apical margin with a semicircular concavity (Fig. 6 k); in lateral view, apical half spreading ventrad, lateral margin extending backwards into a sharp spine, which directing ventrad (Fig. 6 j). Cerci rather robust, apical part incurved into an obtuse tooth (Fig. 6 l). Subgenital plate elongate, with base widest, gradually narrowed, apical margin with an acute notch, longer than half length of subgenital plate; styli as long as two thirds of male subgenital plate (Fig. 6 m). Female. Unknown. Coloration. Green on the whole. Compound eyes dark brown. Anterior femur and tibial tympana dorsally with black stripes. Male cerci with apical tooth black. Measurements of males (mm). Length of body 26.0–28.0; length of pronotum 5.5 –6.0; length of tegmen 35.0–36.0; largest width of tegmen 10.0; length of hind wing 38.5 – 40.0; length of posterior femur 17.0. Distribution. China (Hainan Island).

Ruidocollaris Liu, 1993 Type species: Sympaestria truncatolobata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878. Ruidocollaris Liu, 1993, in Huang, Animals of Longqi Mountain.: 54. Diagnosis. Each femoral genicular lobe round, without any spines; tegmen without distinct Costa vein; male tympanal area with two very much swollen diagonal veins, the posterior one about one-half as long as the anterior one; male stridulatory vein cambered, simple, with dense fine teeth (Figs. 21–30); male tenth abdominal tergum not produced (Figs. 31–47); male subgenital plate with short styli (Figs. 58–66); female ovipositor with an abrupt sharp tip, rugose on the sides and both apical margins (Figs. 67–74). Ruidocollaris distinctly differs from Tapiena Bolívar, 1906 by absence of the punctures in the head, pronotum and wings, although it most closely resembles Tapiena in the hind genicular lobes without spine and the shape of male stridulatory area (Liu & Kang 2010). The genus also distinctly differs from Holochlora Stȁl (Liu et al. 2008) and Sinochlora Tinkham (Liu & Kang 2007 b) by the absence of spines at each genicular lobe, structure of male tenth abdominal tergum and female apex, although it resembles them in the male subgenital plate possessing the short styli. Ruidocollaris is distinctly dissimilar to the genus Sympaestria in absence of the feebly convex pronotal disk, perpendicularly inserted paranota, the stiff, shell-like tegmen, the proximal fork of tegminal Rs running directly into the M vein, and the special middle sharp spine on genicular lobe of femur. It distinctly differs from Liotrachela by the unarmed geniculations of each femur. Description. Head ovoid, occiput convex and smooth. Fastigium verticis well-produced, dorsally sulcate, distinctly narrower than first segment of antenna, with apex approximately rounded. Fastigium frontis inversely ovoid; dorsal apex slightly narrower than fastigium verticis, separated by a distinct gap. Compound eyes semi-spherical, ventral margin extending over ventral margin of antennal scrobe. Antenna thread-like, long and breakable. Pronotal disc smooth, with distinct longitudinal median line; median groove distinct, “U”- shaped, lying before middle; anterior margin approximately straight, posterior margin rounded and various, lateral margin outspreading backwards; paranota generally deeper than long, rarely as high as long; humeral sinus distinct. Anterior coxae armed. Each femur with distinct ventro-anterior spinules. Anterior tibiae dorsally sulcate, widened at and abruptly constricted below tympana. Outer tympanum open, oval, membranous; inner tympanum conchate. Each tibia usually with dorsal spinules on both margins. Tegmen well developed, stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen not elevated above wing plane (Figs. 1–9); mirror of right tegmen irregular quadrangular (Figs. 10 –18, 20). Male terminalia (Figs. 31–47). Tenth abdominal tergum normal, slightly concave in middle. Epiproct triangular, with apex obtuse. Cerci simple, apex pointed or not (Figs. 49–57). Subgenital plate robust, with emargination at the apex; with styli (Figs. 58–66). Male phallic organ membranous. Female terminalia (Figs. 67–74). Tenth abdominal tergum not produced, with dorso-medial groove; posterior margin obtusely emarginated. Epiproct usually wider than long, about semicircular. Cerci short, slightly curved, uneven; gradually tapering into pointed apex. Subgenital plate generally triangular (Figs. 75– 82). Ovipositor robust, wide; lateral surface with very conspicuous transverse convex fold at base; with some sharp dark serrate lines in distal region; both margins serrate (Figs. 67–74). Distribution (Figs. 96–99). Type species R. truncatolobata is widespread in southeastern Asia, southern China, and Japan (Fig. 96). Most species of Ruidocollaris are distributed in Oriental region, and eight species are endemic in the south of China. R. convexipennis (Caudell) widely spread in the south of China except Tibet and Hainan Island (Fig. 97). R. rubescens sp. nov. is widespread in the south of China including the low altitude of Tibet (Fig. 98). R. obscura Liu is distributed in the south of China except Tibet, Hainan and Taiwan Island (Fig. 98). Three species, R. longicaudalis sp. nov., R. apennis sp. nov., R. parapennis sp. nov., are endemic to low altitude of Tibet (Fig. 99). R. latilobalis sp. nov. is endemic to Guangdong Province. R. ferruginescens sp. nov. is endemic to Guangxi Province (Fig. 99).

Tapiena spinicaudata Liu & Xia, 1996 (Figs. 1 g–h, 4 b, g–k) Tapiena spinicaudata Liu & Xia, 1996, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21 (2): 197; (Holotype M, origi. descrip.; type locality: Jinuo, Yunnan, China; type deposited in MSIE, Shanghai). Material examined. 1 male (Holotype), China: Yunnan Prov.: Jinghong, Jinuo, 1991. IX. 8, Coll. Liu Zuyao, Wang Tianqi & Yin Haisheng (MSIE); China: Yunnan Prov.: Xishuanbanna: 1 male, 3 females, Xiaomengyang, 850m, 1957. VI. 21 –VIII. 24 & 1958. X. 24, Coll. Wang Shuyong, Dai Lingchao & Zhang Yiran (IZAS); 1 male, 1 female, Mengla, 620–650 m, 1958. VI. 13 & 1959. VI. 9, Coll. Wang Shuyong &Zhang Yiran (IZAS); 1 female, Kongmingshan [Mt.], 2200m, 1957. IX. 21, Coll. Dai Lingchao (IZAS); 1 male, Meng’a, 1050–1080 m, 1958. VII. 21, Coll. Wang Shuyong (IZAS). Redescription. Male (holotype). Medium-sized. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 200 fine teeth (Fig. 4 b). Tenth abdominal tergum, in dorsal view, strongly produced, straight, not inclined, basal half semi-circular, bacilliform apical half densely with rows of spinules; in lateral view, apical half outspreading dorso-ventrad, ventral margin with 4–5 sharp spines (Figs. 4 g). Cerci cylindrical, slightly curved, apex with one large distal spine and one small sub-apical spine (Fig. 4 h). Subgenital plate with basal part wide, gradually narrowed, apical margin with a rather large triangular notch, as long as one third length of subgenital plate; styli slender, longer than two thirds length of subgenital plate (Fig. 4 i). First description of female (nov.). Tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, cerci, and ovipositor similar to other congener. Ovipositor strongly upcurved, with lateral surface approximately smooth, dorsal margin crenulated thoroughly and not obliquely truncated, and distal 1 / 5 part of ventral margin crenulated (Fig. 4 j). Subgenital plate triangular on the whole, with basal part of ventral surface symmetrically intumesced, lateral margins of distal part slightly concave, and apical margin obtuse (Fig. 4 k). Coloration. Green. Lateral surface of anterior femur with two longitudinal rows of dark brown dots. Auditory organ of anterior tibiae dorsally with dark brown stripes. Spines of cerci with tip black. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 21.5, female 20.0–23.0; length of pronotum: male 4.5, female 4.5; length of tegmen: male 30.5, female 33.5 –34.0; largest width of tegmen: male 6.5, female 8.5 – 10.0; length of hind wing: male 35.5, female 36.0–38.0; length of posterior femur: male 16.0, female 16.0– 18.0; length of ovipositor: 7.0–8.0. Notes. The redescription about tenth abdominal tergum doesn’t adapt to the original description by Liu & Xia (1996). The difference mostly lies in whether the tenth abdominal tergum inclined downwards or not. Some have straight tenth abdominal tergum and other not among our examined specimen, and we found some congener have straight tenth abdominal tergum when alive, which inclined downwards after killed, when collecting insects in Yunnan Province. Thus we considered it should have the tenth abdominal tergum straight when described. Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.).

Ruidocollaris rubescens sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 12, 23, 33, 41, 50, 59, 69, 77, 85, 86) Examined material. Holotype, 1 male, at light, China: Guizhou Prov.: Libo County, Maolan nature reserve, Yaosuo Village, Bizuo Spot, 500m, 2008. VIII. 1���4, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); Paratype: 32 males, 8 females, same data as in holotype (IZAS); 3 males, at light, China: Guizhou Prov.: Libo County, Maolan nature reserve, Yaogu Village, 650m, 2008. VII. 26���28, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 21 males, 15 females, Guangdong Prov.: Chebaling Nature Reserve, 2008. VII. 24 ���VIII. 1, Coll. Chang Jia, Liang Hongbin (IZAS); 14 males, 6 females, China: Guangxi: Longsheng, Huaping nature reserve, Cujiang Spot, 700m, 2007. VII. 15 ��� X. 5, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 8 males, 7 females, China: Guangxi: Longan, Longhushan nature reserve, 2007. VIII. 1-5, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 3 males, 2 females, China: Hainan Island: Bawangling nature reserve, Donger, 2007. V. 11���15, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); China: Tibet: Linzhi County, Motuo nature reserve, 10 males, 4 females, Aniqiao, 300m, 2006. VIII. 13, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 5 males, 3 females, Didong Village, 300m, 2006. VIII. 13, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 7 males, 5 females, Beibeng, 500m, 2006. VIII. 18, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 1 female, Chayu County, Xiachayu Town, 1500m, 2005. VIII. 25, Coll. Chen Xiaolin (IZAS); 1 male, 1 female, China: Tibet: Motuo, Beibeng, 1000m, 1974. IX. 9 ���IX. 10, Coll. Huang Fusheng (IZAS, No. 360962); 1 male, China: Tibet: Motuo, Yuanba, 1720m, 1973. VII. 10, Coll. Huang Fusheng (IZAS, No. 360961). Description. Male (holotype). Size large for typical phaneropterines. Pronotal disc with distinct ���U���- shaped middle transverse groove lying slightly before middle, and indistinct first transverse groove and third transverse groove lying in middle; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin strongly angular round. Anterior femur armed with 5 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 8 spines on ventroanterior margin; posterior femur with 9 anterior spines on ventral margins. Anterior tibiae with 3 anterior and 6 posterior spines on dorsal margins; median tibiae with 4 anterior and 5 posterior spines on dorsal margins; posterior tibiae with 19 anterior and 21 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with one other oblique branch reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein (Fig. 85). Male stridulatory vein long, with stridulatory file composed of about 110 densely arranged teeth, which are gradually becoming smaller from middle to both ends (Fig. 23). Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin truncated, epiproct tongue-shaped. Cerci gradually becoming thinner from base to middle, with apex abruptly constricted, obtuse (Fig. 50). Subgenital plate much wider than long, apical margin with a small triangular notch at middle; styli robust, less than quarter of subgenital plate (Fig. 59). Female tenth abdominal tergum not produced, with dorso-medial groove; posterior margin obtusely emarginated. Epiproct wider than long, triangular. Cerci conical, slightly curved, gradually tapering in pointed apex. Ovipositor, slightly shorter than pronotum, gradually upcurved, with regularly arranged rows of granulations on lateral surface; apical part tapering, with obliquely truncated ventral margin, and both margin serrate; apex pointed (Fig. 69). Subgenital plate triangular, wider than long; lateral margins approximately straight; apex obtuse (Fig. 77). Coloration (Figs. 85, 86). Light green. Tegmen light green. Tympana of anterior tibiae slightly brown. Apical part of posterior tibiae including apical spur and tarsi dark brown. Each abdominal tergum possessing converse large brown triangular spot, with green posterior margin. Male and female tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci brown. Female ovipositor with reddish brown base and black apex. Variation. Rare specimens with some small slightly yellow spots in Costal area and Radial-Medial area. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 35.5, female 35.5; of pronotum: male 10.1, female 11.4; height of paranota: male 8.1; length of paranota: male 6.4; of tegmen: male 58.5, female 56.8; largest width of tegmen: male 15.5, female 25.5; length of hind wing: male 63.5, female 62.5; of posterior femur: male 29.0, female 30.0; of apical style of male: 1.26; length of ovipositor 8.5; largest width of ovipositor 4.0. Etymology. The name is composed of ���ruber��� and its suffix, and shows that the new species could be rapidly distinguished from its most close relative R. truncatolobata by the brown red hind tarsi and abdominal apex including tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci. Discussion. R. rubescens sp. nov. is sympatric with and was erroneously identified as type species R. truncatolobata (Brunner von Wattenwyl) (Liu & Yin 2004). It most resembles R. truncatolobata in the size, structure of head, pronotum, and wing, and the difference between them is too small to be discerned. It is only distinguished from R. truncatolobata by the male subgenital plate approximately wide as long, especially with styli as short as one fifth length of the subgenital plate, the female ovipositor slightly shorter than pronotum, and the brown red hind tarsi and abdominal apex including tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci. Distribution (Fig. 98). China: Hainan (Bawangling), Guangxi (Longan), Guangdong (Nanling), Guizhou (Libo), Tibet (Muotuo)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329, {"references":["Liu, X. W. & Yin, H. S. (2004) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea and Stenopelmatoidea. In Yang X. K. (ed.), Insects from Mt. Shiwandashan Area of Guangxi. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. pp. 90 - 110. (In Chinese with English summary)"]}

Ruidocollaris parapennis sp. nov. (Figs. 6, 15, 26, 36, 44, 53, 62, 72, 80, 90, 91) Examined material. Holotype, 1 male, China: Tibet: Linzhi County: Pailong town, 2100m, 2005. IX. 2, Coll. Chen Xiaolin (IZAS); Paratype, 5 males, 1 female, same data as in holotype (IZAS); 5 males, 6 females, China: Tibet: Bomi County: Tongmai Town, 2100m, 2005. VIII. 29, Coll. Chen Xiaolin, Wang Xuejian (IZAS); 23 males, 24 females, at light, China: Tibet: Linzhi County, Mutuo nature reserve, Yarang Village, 760m, 2006. VIII. 19, Coll. Baiming (IZAS); 4 males, 5 females, China: Tibet, Muotuo, Muotuo city zone, 800m, 2006. VIII. 23, Coll. Baiming (IZAS); 1 female, China: Tibet: Motuo, Miri, 800m, 1998. XI. 6, Coll. Yao Jian (IZAS, No. 360944). Description. Male (holotype). Size large for typical phaneropterines. Pronotal disc with distinct ���U���- shaped middle transverse groove lying slightly before middle; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin extending backward, with approximately angularly round center. Anterior femur armed with 4 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 7 spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 4���5 anterior and 0���1 spines on ventral margins. Median tibiae with 5 posterior spines on dorsal margins; posterior tibiae with 21 anterior and 23 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with two other oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein (Figs. 90, 91). Male stridulatory vein long, with stridulatory file composed of about 96 densely arranged teeth (Fig. 26). Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin truncated, epiproct tongue-shaped. Cerci gradually becoming thinner from base to middle, with apex pointed (Fig. 53). Subgenital plate much wider than long, apical margin with a small sharp triangular notch at middle; styli short fine, less than one fifth of subgenital plate (Fig. 62). Female tenth abdominal tergum not produced, with dorso-medial groove; posterior margin obtusely emarginated. Epiproct wider than long, triangular. Cerci conical, slightly curved, gradually tapering in pointed apex. Ovipositor slightly shorter than pronotum, gradually upcurved, with regularly arranged rows of granulations on lateral surface; apical part tapering, with obliquely truncated ventral margin, and both margin serrate; apex pointed (Fig. 72). Subgenital plate triangular, wider than long; lateral margins approximately straight; apex obtuse (Fig. 80). Coloration. Green on whole view. Antennae with yellowish base, distally blackening, with 4���5 yellowish rings. Face, coxa and trochanter of leg, sterna of thorax and of abdomen, cerci, epiproct, paraproct, and ninth and tenth abdominal tergite are ferruginous. Compound eyes brown. Tegmen green, with about 6 blackish marks situated along the posterior margin and formed by darkened tips of adjoining cross veins; similar series of marks sometimes present along median area of tegmen; stridulatory organ of male often with blackish marks near the ends of the thick diagonal veins. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 23.0, female 28.0; of pronotum: male 7.5, female 7.8; height of paranota: male 5.7; length of paranota: male 4.1; of tegmen: male 46.0, female 47.8; largest width of tegmen: male 7.6, female 13.6; length of hind wing: male 52.2, female 53.5; of posterior femur: male 22.5, female 23.5; of apical style of male: 0.8; length of ovipositor 8.0; largest width of ovipositor 3.0. Discussion. The new species resembles R. convexipennis in coloration, tegminal shape, and structure of head, of pronotum, but it distinctly distinguished from the latter by the much larger size, lateral margin of the notch of male subgenital plate with a middle tooth, and female ovipositor with sharply obliquely truncated apical margins. Etymology. The name shows that the new species most resembles R. convexipennis but can not be identified as the latter. Distribution (Fig. 97). China (Tibet)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329

Key to species of Tapiena from China 1. Occiput dorsally convex. Male tenth abdominal tergum normal, not specialized........................................................ 2 - Occiput dorsally flat. Male tenth abdominal tergum strongly specialized................................................................... 3 2. Coloration greenish brown. Front part of head, i.e., frons, clypeus and labrum dark brown; occiput and pronotum with narrow dark longitudinal stripe. Tegmen with distinct dark spots, M vein and Cu vein black (Fig. 7 a). Male cerci very simple, short, strongly curved and crossing each other, abruptly but not strongly constricted behind base half, apex shaped into a spine (Fig. 3 d).......................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ Tapiena bivittata Hsia & Xia, 1992 - Coloration concolorous. Occiput and pronotum without any colourful stripe. Tegmen with M vein and Cu vein not black. Tegmen without any dark spots. Male cerci cylindrical, slightly curved, apical part enlarged, with a upcurved hook (Fig. 3 h) ........................................................................................................... Tapiena simplicis Liu & Xia, 1996 3. Male tenth abdominal tergum not compressed in lateral view; in dorsal view it slightly produced, with apical margin contracting with 4 spines (Fig. 4 d, f) ................................................................... Tapiena quadridens Liu & Xia, 1996 - Male tenth abdominal tergum compressed in lateral view; in dorsal view, it produced backwards into a long median process........................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Medial process of male tenth abdominal tergum dorsally not concave, with apical part approximately truncated..... 5 - Medial process of male tenth abdominal tergum somewhat concave dorsally, with apical part concave.................... 8 5. Male tenth abdominal tergum with spiniferous dorsal surface in apical third part, and its ventral margin possessing several big spines; male cerci with apical part bispinose.............................................................................................. 6 - Apical part of male tenth abdominal tergum without spines or slightly spinous; male cerci only with one spine at apex............................................................................................................................................................................... 7 6. Male tenth abdominal tergum with 4���5 big spines on ventral margin (Fig. 4 g). Female subgenital plate triangular on the whole, ventral surface in basal part symmetrically intumesced, lateral margins of distal part slightly concave, and apical margin obtuse (Fig. 4 k) .......................................................................... Tapiena spinicaudata Liu & Xia, 1996 - Male tenth abdominal tergum with 2���3 big spines on ventral margin (Fig. 4 m). Female subgenital plate pentagonal on the whole, with lateral margins of basal half part extending outwards, lateral margins of distal half part contracting and slightly convex, and apical margin emarginated (Fig. 4 q)............ Tapiena parapentagona Liu & Kang, sp. n. 7. Size larger (length of male tegmen: 39mm; length of male posterior femur: 17.5mm). In dorsal view, male tenth abdominal tergum with short stick-like structure, apical margin with small symmetrical round lateral lobes (Fig. 4 d). Female unknown ............................................................................................. Tapiena longzhouensis Liu & Yin, 2004 - Size rather smaller (length of male tegmen: 32mm; length male posterior femur: 16.5mm). In dorsal view, male tenth abdominal tergum with long stick-like structure, apical margin without small symmetrical round lateral lobes (Fig. 4 h). Female unknown ...................................................................................... Tapiena yunnana Xia & Liu, 1989 8. Male tenth abdominal tergum dorsally with an indistinct very narrow median longitudinal furrow in the basal third part; male cerci with obtuse apex.................................................................................................................................. 9 - Male tenth abdominal tergum dorsally thoroughly with a distinct wide median longitudinal furrow, which almost separated the tenth abdominal tergum into two symmetrical lobes (Fig. 6 o); male cerci with apex incurved into a triangular spine (Fig. 6 p) .......................................................................................... Tapiena bilobata Liu & Kang, sp. n. 9. Size much smaller (length of tegmen: male 32.5mm, female 37.0mm; length of hind femur: male 16.0mm, female 16.0mm). Male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 240 fine teeth (Fig. 6 a). Female subgenital plate triangular on the whole, with lateral margins slightly convex, and apical margin obtuse (Fig. 6 e)..................... ................................................................................................................................................ Tapiena stridulous sp. n. - Size much larger (length of male tegmen: 35.0 ��� 36.0mm; length of hind femur: 17.0mm). Male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 150 rather distinct fine teeth and about apical 25 indistinct teeth (Fig. 6 b). Female unknown................................................................................................ Tapiena hainanensis Liu & Xia, 1996, Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106, {"references":["Xia, K. L. & Liu, X. W. (1992) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea and Grylloidea. In: Huang, F. (Ed), Insects of Wuling Mountains Area, Southwestern China. Science Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 87 - 112.","Liu, X. W. & Xia, K. L. (1996) Descriptions of four new species of the genus Tapiena from China (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae). Acta Zootaxonomica sinica, 21 (2), 196 - 201.","Liu, X. W. & Yin, H. S. (2004) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea and Stenopelmatoidea. In: Yang, X. K. (Ed), Insects from Mountain Shiwandashan Area of Guangxi. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 90 - 110. [In Chinese with English summary]","Xia, K. L. & Liu, X. W. (1989 - 1990) Five new species of katydids from Yunnan, China (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Contribution of Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 9, 155 - 161."]}

Ruidocollaris rubescens sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 12, 23, 33, 41, 50, 59, 69, 77, 85, 86) Examined material. Holotype, 1 male, at light, China: Guizhou Prov.: Libo County, Maolan nature reserve, Yaosuo Village, Bizuo Spot, 500m, 2008. VIII. 1–4, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); Paratype: 32 males, 8 females, same data as in holotype (IZAS); 3 males, at light, China: Guizhou Prov.: Libo County, Maolan nature reserve, Yaogu Village, 650m, 2008. VII. 26–28, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 21 males, 15 females, Guangdong Prov.: Chebaling Nature Reserve, 2008. VII. 24 –VIII. 1, Coll. Chang Jia, Liang Hongbin (IZAS); 14 males, 6 females, China: Guangxi: Longsheng, Huaping nature reserve, Cujiang Spot, 700m, 2007. VII. 15 – X. 5, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 8 males, 7 females, China: Guangxi: Longan, Longhushan nature reserve, 2007. VIII. 1-5, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 3 males, 2 females, China: Hainan Island: Bawangling nature reserve, Donger, 2007. V. 11–15, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); China: Tibet: Linzhi County, Motuo nature reserve, 10 males, 4 females, Aniqiao, 300m, 2006. VIII. 13, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 5 males, 3 females, Didong Village, 300m, 2006. VIII. 13, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 7 males, 5 females, Beibeng, 500m, 2006. VIII. 18, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 1 female, Chayu County, Xiachayu Town, 1500m, 2005. VIII. 25, Coll. Chen Xiaolin (IZAS); 1 male, 1 female, China: Tibet: Motuo, Beibeng, 1000m, 1974. IX. 9 –IX. 10, Coll. Huang Fusheng (IZAS, No. 360962); 1 male, China: Tibet: Motuo, Yuanba, 1720m, 1973. VII. 10, Coll. Huang Fusheng (IZAS, No. 360961). Description. Male (holotype). Size large for typical phaneropterines. Pronotal disc with distinct “U”- shaped middle transverse groove lying slightly before middle, and indistinct first transverse groove and third transverse groove lying in middle; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin strongly angular round. Anterior femur armed with 5 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 8 spines on ventroanterior margin; posterior femur with 9 anterior spines on ventral margins. Anterior tibiae with 3 anterior and 6 posterior spines on dorsal margins; median tibiae with 4 anterior and 5 posterior spines on dorsal margins; posterior tibiae with 19 anterior and 21 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with one other oblique branch reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein (Fig. 85). Male stridulatory vein long, with stridulatory file composed of about 110 densely arranged teeth, which are gradually becoming smaller from middle to both ends (Fig. 23). Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin truncated, epiproct tongue-shaped. Cerci gradually becoming thinner from base to middle, with apex abruptly constricted, obtuse (Fig. 50). Subgenital plate much wider than long, apical margin with a small triangular notch at middle; styli robust, less than quarter of subgenital plate (Fig. 59). Female tenth abdominal tergum not produced, with dorso-medial groove; posterior margin obtusely emarginated. Epiproct wider than long, triangular. Cerci conical, slightly curved, gradually tapering in pointed apex. Ovipositor, slightly shorter than pronotum, gradually upcurved, with regularly arranged rows of granulations on lateral surface; apical part tapering, with obliquely truncated ventral margin, and both margin serrate; apex pointed (Fig. 69). Subgenital plate triangular, wider than long; lateral margins approximately straight; apex obtuse (Fig. 77). Coloration (Figs. 85, 86). Light green. Tegmen light green. Tympana of anterior tibiae slightly brown. Apical part of posterior tibiae including apical spur and tarsi dark brown. Each abdominal tergum possessing converse large brown triangular spot, with green posterior margin. Male and female tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci brown. Female ovipositor with reddish brown base and black apex. Variation. Rare specimens with some small slightly yellow spots in Costal area and Radial-Medial area. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 35.5, female 35.5; of pronotum: male 10.1, female 11.4; height of paranota: male 8.1; length of paranota: male 6.4; of tegmen: male 58.5, female 56.8; largest width of tegmen: male 15.5, female 25.5; length of hind wing: male 63.5, female 62.5; of posterior femur: male 29.0, female 30.0; of apical style of male: 1.26; length of ovipositor 8.5; largest width of ovipositor 4.0. Etymology. The name is composed of “ruber” and its suffix, and shows that the new species could be rapidly distinguished from its most close relative R. truncatolobata by the brown red hind tarsi and abdominal apex including tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci. Discussion. R. rubescens sp. nov. is sympatric with and was erroneously identified as type species R. truncatolobata (Brunner von Wattenwyl) (Liu & Yin 2004). It most resembles R. truncatolobata in the size, structure of head, pronotum, and wing, and the difference between them is too small to be discerned. It is only distinguished from R. truncatolobata by the male subgenital plate approximately wide as long, especially with styli as short as one fifth length of the subgenital plate, the female ovipositor slightly shorter than pronotum, and the brown red hind tarsi and abdominal apex including tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci. Distribution (Fig. 98). China: Hainan (Bawangling), Guangxi (Longan), Guangdong (Nanling), Guizhou (Libo), Tibet (Muotuo).

Key to species of the genus Ruidocollaris 1. Posterior margin of pronotal disc strongly extending backward, sharp-angled........................................................... 2 - Posterior margin of pronotal disc moderately extending backward, widely rounded.................................................. 7 2. Large-size (length of tegmen: male 50.0���56.0 mm, female 50.0���58.0 mm; length of posterior femur: male 24.0���28.0 mm, female 25.0���28.0 mm); ventral surface and apical part of abdomen concolorous with other parts..................... 3 - Medium-size (length of tegmen: male 37.0���46.0 mm, female 43.0���48.0 mm; length of posterior femur: male 18.0��� 23.0 mm, female 21.0���24.0 mm); ventral surface and apical part of abdomen brown red (as figs. 89, 91, 96).......... 5 3. Ovipositor four times much longer than wide, one and a half times longer than pronotum, with apical part of ventral margin not obliquely truncated (Figs. 78, 88) ......................................................................... R. longicaudalis sp. nov. - Ovipositor three times shorter than wide, approximately as long as pronotum, with apical part of ventral margin obliquely truncated........................................................................................................................................................ 4 4. Apical part of posterior tibiae including apical spurs, posterior tarsi, male and female tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci brownish red (Figs. 85, 86). Male subgenital plate short, much wider than long, with robust styli, as short as one fifth length of subgenital plate (Fig. 59). Ovipositor slightly shorter than pronotum (Fig. 86) ................................................................................................................................................. R. rubescens sp. nov. - Apical part of posterior tibiae including apical spurs, posterior tarsi, male and female tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci commonly green (Figs. 83, 84). Male subgenital plate elongate, much longer than wide, with styli as long as one third length of subgenital plate (Fig. 58). Ovipositor slightly longer than pronotum (Figs. 67, 68, 84) ................................................................................................. R. truncatolobata (Brunner von Wattenwyl) 5. Frons dark brown; genicular part of posterior femur dark brown red; tegmen with large blackish marks situated along the posterior margin and formed by darkened tips of adjoining cross veins or along median area (as figs. 89, 90)................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 - Frons and genicular part of posterior femur concolorous with other parts; tegmen without big blackish marks situated along the posterior margin and formed by darkened tips of adjoining cross veins or along median area (Fig. 93) ......................................................................................................................................................... R. apennis sp. nov. 6. Size small (length of tegmen: male 38.0 mm, female 42.0���43.0 mm; of posterior femur: male 18.0���20.0 mm, female 21.0 mm). Apical margin of male subgenital plate with deep sharp triangular notch (Fig. 61). Lateral surface of ovipositor with indistinct granulates (Fig. 71)......................................................................... R. convexipennis (Caudell) - Size much larger (length of tegmen: male 46.0 mm, female 47.8 mm; of posterior femur: male 22.5 mm, female 23.5 mm). Apical margin of male subgenital plate with shallow wide triangular notch (Fig. 62). Lateral surface of ovipositor with distinct granulates (Fig. 72)........................................................................................ R. parapennis sp. nov. 7. Face, coxa and trochanter of leg, sterna of thorax and of abdomen, cerci, epiproct, paraproct, and ninth and tenth abdominal tergite ferruginous (Fig. 96). Paranota with ventral margin approximately straight, ventrally expanding backwards ............................................................................................................................. R. ferruginescens sp. nov. - Face, coxa and trochanter of leg, sterna of thorax and of abdomen, cerci, epiproct, paraproct, and ninth and tenth abdominal tergite concolorous to other parts (Figs. 92, 94). Paranota with ventral margin widely rounded............... 8 8. Dark green. Prozona with disc approximately flat. Tegmen with area between posterior margin and M vein with large dense dark spots, apical margin slightly oblique truncated (Fig. 92) ......................................... R. obscura (Liu) - Foliage-green. Prozona with disc approximately round. Tegmen with small sparse dark spots except area between posterior margin and M vein, apical margin round (Fig. 94) ........................................................ R. latilobalis sp. nov., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329

Key to species of the genus Ruidocollaris 1. Posterior margin of pronotal disc strongly extending backward, sharp-angled........................................................... 2 - Posterior margin of pronotal disc moderately extending backward, widely rounded.................................................. 7 2. Large-size (length of tegmen: male 50.0–56.0 mm, female 50.0–58.0 mm; length of posterior femur: male 24.0–28.0 mm, female 25.0–28.0 mm); ventral surface and apical part of abdomen concolorous with other parts..................... 3 - Medium-size (length of tegmen: male 37.0–46.0 mm, female 43.0–48.0 mm; length of posterior femur: male 18.0– 23.0 mm, female 21.0–24.0 mm); ventral surface and apical part of abdomen brown red (as figs. 89, 91, 96).......... 5 3. Ovipositor four times much longer than wide, one and a half times longer than pronotum, with apical part of ventral margin not obliquely truncated (Figs. 78, 88) ......................................................................... R. longicaudalis sp. nov. - Ovipositor three times shorter than wide, approximately as long as pronotum, with apical part of ventral margin obliquely truncated........................................................................................................................................................ 4 4. Apical part of posterior tibiae including apical spurs, posterior tarsi, male and female tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci brownish red (Figs. 85, 86). Male subgenital plate short, much wider than long, with robust styli, as short as one fifth length of subgenital plate (Fig. 59). Ovipositor slightly shorter than pronotum (Fig. 86) ................................................................................................................................................. R. rubescens sp. nov. - Apical part of posterior tibiae including apical spurs, posterior tarsi, male and female tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci commonly green (Figs. 83, 84). Male subgenital plate elongate, much longer than wide, with styli as long as one third length of subgenital plate (Fig. 58). Ovipositor slightly longer than pronotum (Figs. 67, 68, 84) ................................................................................................. R. truncatolobata (Brunner von Wattenwyl) 5. Frons dark brown; genicular part of posterior femur dark brown red; tegmen with large blackish marks situated along the posterior margin and formed by darkened tips of adjoining cross veins or along median area (as figs. 89, 90)................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 - Frons and genicular part of posterior femur concolorous with other parts; tegmen without big blackish marks situated along the posterior margin and formed by darkened tips of adjoining cross veins or along median area (Fig. 93) ......................................................................................................................................................... R. apennis sp. nov. 6. Size small (length of tegmen: male 38.0 mm, female 42.0–43.0 mm; of posterior femur: male 18.0–20.0 mm, female 21.0 mm). Apical margin of male subgenital plate with deep sharp triangular notch (Fig. 61). Lateral surface of ovipositor with indistinct granulates (Fig. 71)......................................................................... R. convexipennis (Caudell) - Size much larger (length of tegmen: male 46.0 mm, female 47.8 mm; of posterior femur: male 22.5 mm, female 23.5 mm). Apical margin of male subgenital plate with shallow wide triangular notch (Fig. 62). Lateral surface of ovipositor with distinct granulates (Fig. 72)........................................................................................ R. parapennis sp. nov. 7. Face, coxa and trochanter of leg, sterna of thorax and of abdomen, cerci, epiproct, paraproct, and ninth and tenth abdominal tergite ferruginous (Fig. 96). Paranota with ventral margin approximately straight, ventrally expanding backwards ............................................................................................................................. R. ferruginescens sp. nov. - Face, coxa and trochanter of leg, sterna of thorax and of abdomen, cerci, epiproct, paraproct, and ninth and tenth abdominal tergite concolorous to other parts (Figs. 92, 94). Paranota with ventral margin widely rounded............... 8 8. Dark green. Prozona with disc approximately flat. Tegmen with area between posterior margin and M vein with large dense dark spots, apical margin slightly oblique truncated (Fig. 92) ......................................... R. obscura (Liu) - Foliage-green. Prozona with disc approximately round. Tegmen with small sparse dark spots except area between posterior margin and M vein, apical margin round (Fig. 94) ........................................................ R. latilobalis sp. nov.

Tapiena bilobata Liu and Kang, sp. n. (Fig. 2 g, 6 c, n���q) Type material. Holotype: male, China: Yunnan Prov.: Ruili, 1981. X. 17, Coll. Xiong Jiang (IKCAS). Description. Male (holotype). Tegmen with Rs branched before the middle of the tegmen, and R stem with more two lateral branches. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 148 densely arranged fine teeth (Fig. 6 c). Male tenth abdominal tergum dorsally with a median semicircular depressed area at basal eighth part, a rather deep wide median longitudinal furrow thoroughly separated tenth abdominal tergum into two symmetrical lobes, and also with slightly depressed areas at both sides of furrow, apical part dorsally spiniferous (Fig. 6 o); in lateral view, apical half part dorso-ventrally enlarged into a large spinous process directing downwards, and with apical margin obliquely truncated (Fig. 6 n). Cerci robust, short, with apex incurve into a triangular spine (Fig. 6 p). Subgenital plate narrow, long, apical margin deeply triangularly notched with lateral lobes gradually narrowed; styli long, cylindrical (Fig. 6 q). Female. Unknown. Coloration. Green. Compound eyes dark brown. Lateral surface of anterior femur with many rows of small black stripes. Cerci with apex brown. Measurements of males (mm). Length of body 23.5; length of pronotum 4.5; length of tegmen 32.0; largest width of tegmen 6.8; length of hind wing 36.0; length of posterior femur 15.0. Discussion. Size, coloration, occiput, pronotum, tegmen and leg spinulation also resembles T. spinicauda, T. stridulous and T. qudridens. It distinctly differs by the male stridulatory file and male tenth abdominal tergum. Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106

Ruidocollaris obscura (Liu, 1999) (Figs. 7, 16, 27, 37, 54, 63, 73, 81, 92) Rudicollaris obscura Liu, 1999: 131. (sphalm.) Ruidocollaris obscura Liu, 1999. syn. nov. Examined material. 1 male (holotype), 1 male (paratype), 2 females (paratype), China: Guangxi Prov.: Xinan, Maoershan Nature Reserve, 450���650m, Coll. Liu Xianwei, Yin Haisheng (MSIE); 1 male, China: Guangxi Prov.: Zhongfeng, Coll. Huang jinsun, 1980. VIII. 21 (IZAS, No. 360945); 1 male, China: Guangxi Prov.: Guilin, Maoershan Mt. nature reserve, Gaoping Spot, Coll. Liu Chunxiang, 2007. VII. 3 (IZAS); 5 males, 4 females, China: Guangxi Prov.: Longsheng, Huaping Nature Reserve, Cujiang Spot, 700m, 2007. VII. 15 ���X. 5, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS). Additional description. Male stridulatory teeth gradually becoming smaller from middle to both ends, including about 80 distinct stridulatory teeth and 20 indistinct apical stridulatory teeth (Fig. 27). Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 27.0, female 27.0; of pronotum: male 7.0, female 7.0; height of paranota: male 5.8; length of paranota: male 4.6; of tegmen: male 39.0, female 40.0; largest width of tegmen: male 9.9, female 11.2; length of hind wing: male 42.3, female 42.3; of posterior femur: male 23.0, female 24.0; of apical style of male: 1.12; length of ovipositor 7.0; largest width of ovipositor 3.4. Discussion. Liu (1999) erroneously spelt the genus Ruidocollaris as ��� Rudicollaris ���. At the same time, the generic name of all mentioned species in the genus were spelt by mistake, and this species was also erroneously spelt as ��� Rudicollaris obscura Liu, sp. nov. ���, when published. Here we just correct the generic name of the species. Distribution (Fig. 98). China (Fujian Prov., Guangdong Prov., Guangxi Prov., Sichuan Prov.)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329, {"references":["Liu, X. W. & Jin, X. B. (1999) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea. In Huang, B. (Ed.), Fauna of Insects Fujian Province of China. Vol. 1. Fujian Science and Technology Press, Fuzhou. pp. 125. (In Chinese with English summary)"]}

Ruidocollaris latilobalis sp. nov. (Fig. 9, 18, 29, 39, 46, 56, 65, 74, 82, 94) Examined material. Holotype, 1 male, China: Guangdong Prov.: Nanling Mt., 2007.VII., Coll. Chen Liusheng (IZAS); Paratype, 4 males, 1 female, same data as in holotype (IZAS); 2 males, same data as in holotype, but 2008.VII., Coll. Chang Jia (IZAS). Description. Male (holotype). Size median for typical phaneropterines. Pronotal disc with distinct ���U���- shaped middle transverse groove lying slightly before middle, and third transverse groove lying slightly behind middle; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin widely round. Anterior femur armed with 6 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 5���8 spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 7 anterior spines on ventral margins. Median tibiae with 5 posterior spines on dorsal margins; posterior tibiae with 13 anterior and 15 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with two other oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein (Fig. 94). Male stridulatory vein long, with stridulatory file composed of about 101 densely arranged teeth (Fig. 29). Right stridulatory area with distinct irregular triangular mirror (Fig. 18). Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin truncated, epiproct tongue-shaped. Cerci conical, slightly incurved, apex with two obtuse teeth (Fig. 56). Subgenital plate much longer than wide, apical margin with a wide triangular notch at middle; styli robust, as long as quarter subgenital plate (Fig. 65). Female tenth abdominal tergum not produced, with dorso-medial groove; posterior margin obtusely emarginated. Epiproct wider than long, triangular. Cerci conical, slightly curved (Fig. 74). Subgenital plate triangular, wider than long; lateral margins slightly concave; apex obtuse (Fig. 82). Ovipositor distinguished, tapering towards apex, less longer than pronotum, twice much longer than wide, with both margins serrated; apex pointed. Coloration (Fig. 94). Green. Tegmen green, with some small dark spots clustered into small globes in Radial-Medial area, and numerous dark dots in areas adjoining to posterior margin. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 31.5, female 29.5; of pronotum: male 7.6, female 7.8; height of paranota: male 5.1; length of paranota: male 4.9; of tegmen: male 42.5, female 43.2; largest width of tegmen: male 12.0, female 13.5; length of hind wing: male 48.5, female 47.8; of posterior femur: male 21.0, female 23.5; of apical style of male: 1.1; length of ovipositor 7.4; largest width of ovipositor 3.1. Discussion. The new species resembles R. convexipennis and R.apennis sp. nov. in the size, but is distinguished from them by the shape of pronotal posterior margin and lateral lobes, the coloration and some details of male subgenital plate and male cerci. Etymology. The name shows that the new species is distinguished from the congeners by the pronotal lateral lobe wider than long. Distribution (Fig. 99). China (Guangdong)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on pages 56-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329

Tapiena hainanensis Liu & Xia, 1996 (Figs. 2 c���d, 6 b, j���m) Tapiena hainanensis Liu & Xia, 1996, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21 (2): 196���197; (Holotype M, origi. descrip.; type locality: Ledong County, Hainan Island, China,; type deposited in MSIE, Shanghai). Material examined. 1 male (Holotype), China: Ledong, Jianfengling, 1982. VII. 6, Coll. Liu Yuanfu (MSIE); 2 males, China: Hainan Island: Jianfengling, 340m, 1981. VII. 23, Coll. Gu Baobin & Lin Youdong (IZAS). Redescription. Male (holotype). Male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 150 rather distinct fine teeth and about apical 25 indistinct teeth (Fig. 6 b). Tenth abdominal tergum extending, produced into a narrow protuberance, dorsal surface with a longitudinal furrow, apical part gradually widened, apical margin with a semicircular concavity (Fig. 6 k); in lateral view, apical half spreading ventrad, lateral margin extending backwards into a sharp spine, which directing ventrad (Fig. 6 j). Cerci rather robust, apical part incurved into an obtuse tooth (Fig. 6 l). Subgenital plate elongate, with base widest, gradually narrowed, apical margin with an acute notch, longer than half length of subgenital plate; styli as long as two thirds of male subgenital plate (Fig. 6 m). Female. Unknown. Coloration. Green on the whole. Compound eyes dark brown. Anterior femur and tibial tympana dorsally with black stripes. Male cerci with apical tooth black. Measurements of males (mm). Length of body 26.0���28.0; length of pronotum 5.5 ���6.0; length of tegmen 35.0���36.0; largest width of tegmen 10.0; length of hind wing 38.5 ��� 40.0; length of posterior femur 17.0. Distribution. China (Hainan Island)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on page 62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106, {"references":["Liu, X. W. & Xia, K. L. (1996) Descriptions of four new species of the genus Tapiena from China (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae). Acta Zootaxonomica sinica, 21 (2), 196 - 201."]}

Tapiena yunnana Xia & Liu, 1989 (Figs. 2 a���b, 5 b, g���i) Tapiena yunnana Liu & Xia, 1996,Contr. Shanghai Inst. Entomol., 9: 156; (Holotype M, origi. descrip.; type locality: Yingjiang, Yunnan, China; type deposited in MSIE, Shanghai). Material examined. 1 male (Holotype), China: Yunnan Prov.: Yingjiang, 1981. X. 11, Coll. unknown (MSIE). Redescription. Male (holotype). Small-sized. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 150 fine teeth (Fig. 5 b). Tenth abdominal tergum strongly produced, with apical margin truncated in whole view; in dorsal view, basal quarter part with lateral margin convex and contract distad, remaining three fourths part extending backwards like a stick, and dorsal surface without any spines (Fig. 5 h); in lateral view, lateral margin of basal quarter area strongly contracted, and then strongly enlarged distad, with sinuate apical margin (Fig. 5 g). Cerci cylindrical, slightly curved, distal part suddenly contracted into an incurved obtuse hook (Fig. 5 h). Subgenital plate with basal part wide, gradually narrowed, apical margin with a rather large obtuse triangular notch, as long as one third length of subgenital plate; styli slender, long, extending beyond apex of tenth abdominal tergum (Fig. 5 i). Female. Unknown. Coloration. Yellowish green (maybe green at alive). Each lateral surface of anterior femur with a series of black spots on upper and middle areas, separately. Measurements of male (mm). Length of body 22.5; length of pronotum 4.5; length of tegmen 32.0; largest width of tegmen 7.0; length of hind wing 36.5; length of posterior femur 16.5. Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on page 60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106, {"references":["Xia, K. L. & Liu, X. W. (1989 - 1990) Five new species of katydids from Yunnan, China (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Contribution of Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 9, 155 - 161.","Liu, X. W. & Xia, K. L. (1996) Descriptions of four new species of the genus Tapiena from China (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae). Acta Zootaxonomica sinica, 21 (2), 196 - 201."]}

Key to species of Tapiena from China 1. Occiput dorsally convex. Male tenth abdominal tergum normal, not specialized........................................................ 2 - Occiput dorsally flat. Male tenth abdominal tergum strongly specialized................................................................... 3 2. Coloration greenish brown. Front part of head, i.e., frons, clypeus and labrum dark brown; occiput and pronotum with narrow dark longitudinal stripe. Tegmen with distinct dark spots, M vein and Cu vein black (Fig. 7 a). Male cerci very simple, short, strongly curved and crossing each other, abruptly but not strongly constricted behind base half, apex shaped into a spine (Fig. 3 d).......................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ Tapiena bivittata Hsia & Xia, 1992 - Coloration concolorous. Occiput and pronotum without any colourful stripe. Tegmen with M vein and Cu vein not black. Tegmen without any dark spots. Male cerci cylindrical, slightly curved, apical part enlarged, with a upcurved hook (Fig. 3 h) ........................................................................................................... Tapiena simplicis Liu & Xia, 1996 3. Male tenth abdominal tergum not compressed in lateral view; in dorsal view it slightly produced, with apical margin contracting with 4 spines (Fig. 4 d, f) ................................................................... Tapiena quadridens Liu & Xia, 1996 - Male tenth abdominal tergum compressed in lateral view; in dorsal view, it produced backwards into a long median process........................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Medial process of male tenth abdominal tergum dorsally not concave, with apical part approximately truncated..... 5 - Medial process of male tenth abdominal tergum somewhat concave dorsally, with apical part concave.................... 8 5. Male tenth abdominal tergum with spiniferous dorsal surface in apical third part, and its ventral margin possessing several big spines; male cerci with apical part bispinose.............................................................................................. 6 - Apical part of male tenth abdominal tergum without spines or slightly spinous; male cerci only with one spine at apex............................................................................................................................................................................... 7 6. Male tenth abdominal tergum with 4–5 big spines on ventral margin (Fig. 4 g). Female subgenital plate triangular on the whole, ventral surface in basal part symmetrically intumesced, lateral margins of distal part slightly concave, and apical margin obtuse (Fig. 4 k) .......................................................................... Tapiena spinicaudata Liu & Xia, 1996 - Male tenth abdominal tergum with 2–3 big spines on ventral margin (Fig. 4 m). Female subgenital plate pentagonal on the whole, with lateral margins of basal half part extending outwards, lateral margins of distal half part contracting and slightly convex, and apical margin emarginated (Fig. 4 q)............ Tapiena parapentagona Liu & Kang, sp. n. 7. Size larger (length of male tegmen: 39mm; length of male posterior femur: 17.5mm). In dorsal view, male tenth abdominal tergum with short stick-like structure, apical margin with small symmetrical round lateral lobes (Fig. 4 d). Female unknown ............................................................................................. Tapiena longzhouensis Liu & Yin, 2004 - Size rather smaller (length of male tegmen: 32mm; length male posterior femur: 16.5mm). In dorsal view, male tenth abdominal tergum with long stick-like structure, apical margin without small symmetrical round lateral lobes (Fig. 4 h). Female unknown ...................................................................................... Tapiena yunnana Xia & Liu, 1989 8. Male tenth abdominal tergum dorsally with an indistinct very narrow median longitudinal furrow in the basal third part; male cerci with obtuse apex.................................................................................................................................. 9 - Male tenth abdominal tergum dorsally thoroughly with a distinct wide median longitudinal furrow, which almost separated the tenth abdominal tergum into two symmetrical lobes (Fig. 6 o); male cerci with apex incurved into a triangular spine (Fig. 6 p) .......................................................................................... Tapiena bilobata Liu & Kang, sp. n. 9. Size much smaller (length of tegmen: male 32.5mm, female 37.0mm; length of hind femur: male 16.0mm, female 16.0mm). Male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 240 fine teeth (Fig. 6 a). Female subgenital plate triangular on the whole, with lateral margins slightly convex, and apical margin obtuse (Fig. 6 e)..................... ................................................................................................................................................ Tapiena stridulous sp. n. - Size much larger (length of male tegmen: 35.0 – 36.0mm; length of hind femur: 17.0mm). Male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 150 rather distinct fine teeth and about apical 25 indistinct teeth (Fig. 6 b). Female unknown................................................................................................ Tapiena hainanensis Liu & Xia, 1996

Tapiena bivittata Liu & Xia, 1992 (Figs. 1 a���b, 3 a���f) Tapiena bivittata Liu & Xia, 1992, In: Huang, F. (Ed.) Insects of Wuling Mountains Area, Southwestern China; (Holotype F, origi. descrip.; type locality: Mt. Fanjin, Guizhou, China; type deposited in MSIE, Shanghai). Material examined. 1 male, China: Sichuan Prov.: Mt. O���Mei, 1982. VIII. 13, Coll. Xiong Jiang (ISAS). 1 male, China: Sichuan Prov.: Wolong, Hetaoping, 1994. VIII. 19, Coll. Du Yuzhou (WAFU); 1 female, China: Sichuan Prov.: Mt. O���mei, Baoguosi, 500m, 1974. VII. 22, Coll. Zhou Yao & Yuan Feng (WAFU); 7 males, 3 females, China: Guangxi Prov.: Maoershan, Gaozai, 2007. VII. 5���13, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 7 males, 5 females, China: Guangxi Prov.: Guilin, Huaping Natural nature reserve, Cujiang, 2007. VI. 28 ���VII. 4 Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS). Redescription. Male. Lateral lobes of pronotum slightly higher than long (5: 4). Tegmen with approaching margins, distal sixth part conical, apex rounded; radius sector branching little before middle of tegmen, forked, radius stem with other one lateral branches. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 130 fine teeth (Fig. 3 a). Tenth abdominal tergum transverse, dorsal surface in apical half with a middle longitudinal furrow. Cerci short, strongly curved and crossing each other, abruptly but not strongly constricted behind basal half, apex shaped into a spine (Fig. 3 d). Subgenital plate with basal part wide, gradually acuminated, suddenly narrowed behind basal two-thirds, ventral surface with a distinct middle carinae, apical margin with a small triangular notch, as longer as one sixth length of subgenital plate; styli slender, as long as half length of subgenital plate (Fig. 3 e). Female. Tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, cerci, and ovipositor similar to those of other congener. Ovipositor falcate, strongly upcurved, ventral margin serrulate near apex, dorsal margin indistinctly serrulate thoroughly (Fig. 3 j). Subgenital plate wide triangular with middle part swollen, apex rounded (Fig. 3 k). Coloration (Fig. 7 a). Green on the whole. Front part of head, i.e., frons, clypeus and labrum dark brown; compound eyes dark brown; occiput, pronotal disc, and dorsal part of tegmen with a pair of black continuous lateral stripes. Tegminal dorsal part with a black posterior corner in the basal part; cells between Radius vein and MA vein with large aggregation of black dots; Part near tegminal posterior margin densely with many brown dots. Auditory area of anterior tibiae and anterior femur laterally and dorsally with many black stripes. Femoral spines with black tip. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 23.0, female 27.0; length of pronotum: male 5.0, female 6.0; length of tegmen: male 33.5, female 36.0; largest width of tegmen: male 7.5, female 8.5; length of anterior femur: male 5.8, female 7.0; length of median femur: male 7.0, female 8.5; length of posterior femur: male 19.5, female 21.0; length of ovipositor 8.0. Distribution. China (Sichuan Prov., Guangxi Prov., Guizhou Prov.)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on page 52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106, {"references":["Xia, K. L. & Liu, X. W. (1992) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea and Grylloidea. In: Huang, F. (Ed), Insects of Wuling Mountains Area, Southwestern China. Science Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 87 - 112."]}

Ruidocollaris Liu, 1993 Type species: Sympaestria truncatolobata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878. Ruidocollaris Liu, 1993, in Huang, Animals of Longqi Mountain.: 54. Diagnosis. Each femoral genicular lobe round, without any spines; tegmen without distinct Costa vein; male tympanal area with two very much swollen diagonal veins, the posterior one about one-half as long as the anterior one; male stridulatory vein cambered, simple, with dense fine teeth (Figs. 21���30); male tenth abdominal tergum not produced (Figs. 31���47); male subgenital plate with short styli (Figs. 58���66); female ovipositor with an abrupt sharp tip, rugose on the sides and both apical margins (Figs. 67���74). Ruidocollaris distinctly differs from Tapiena Bol��var, 1906 by absence of the punctures in the head, pronotum and wings, although it most closely resembles Tapiena in the hind genicular lobes without spine and the shape of male stridulatory area (Liu & Kang 2010). The genus also distinctly differs from Holochlora St��l (Liu et al. 2008) and Sinochlora Tinkham (Liu & Kang 2007 b) by the absence of spines at each genicular lobe, structure of male tenth abdominal tergum and female apex, although it resembles them in the male subgenital plate possessing the short styli. Ruidocollaris is distinctly dissimilar to the genus Sympaestria in absence of the feebly convex pronotal disk, perpendicularly inserted paranota, the stiff, shell-like tegmen, the proximal fork of tegminal Rs running directly into the M vein, and the special middle sharp spine on genicular lobe of femur. It distinctly differs from Liotrachela by the unarmed geniculations of each femur. Description. Head ovoid, occiput convex and smooth. Fastigium verticis well-produced, dorsally sulcate, distinctly narrower than first segment of antenna, with apex approximately rounded. Fastigium frontis inversely ovoid; dorsal apex slightly narrower than fastigium verticis, separated by a distinct gap. Compound eyes semi-spherical, ventral margin extending over ventral margin of antennal scrobe. Antenna thread-like, long and breakable. Pronotal disc smooth, with distinct longitudinal median line; median groove distinct, ���U���- shaped, lying before middle; anterior margin approximately straight, posterior margin rounded and various, lateral margin outspreading backwards; paranota generally deeper than long, rarely as high as long; humeral sinus distinct. Anterior coxae armed. Each femur with distinct ventro-anterior spinules. Anterior tibiae dorsally sulcate, widened at and abruptly constricted below tympana. Outer tympanum open, oval, membranous; inner tympanum conchate. Each tibia usually with dorsal spinules on both margins. Tegmen well developed, stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen not elevated above wing plane (Figs. 1���9); mirror of right tegmen irregular quadrangular (Figs. 10 ���18, 20). Male terminalia (Figs. 31���47). Tenth abdominal tergum normal, slightly concave in middle. Epiproct triangular, with apex obtuse. Cerci simple, apex pointed or not (Figs. 49���57). Subgenital plate robust, with emargination at the apex; with styli (Figs. 58���66). Male phallic organ membranous. Female terminalia (Figs. 67���74). Tenth abdominal tergum not produced, with dorso-medial groove; posterior margin obtusely emarginated. Epiproct usually wider than long, about semicircular. Cerci short, slightly curved, uneven; gradually tapering into pointed apex. Subgenital plate generally triangular (Figs. 75��� 82). Ovipositor robust, wide; lateral surface with very conspicuous transverse convex fold at base; with some sharp dark serrate lines in distal region; both margins serrate (Figs. 67���74). Distribution (Figs. 96���99). Type species R. truncatolobata is widespread in southeastern Asia, southern China, and Japan (Fig. 96). Most species of Ruidocollaris are distributed in Oriental region, and eight species are endemic in the south of China. R. convexipennis (Caudell) widely spread in the south of China except Tibet and Hainan Island (Fig. 97). R. rubescens sp. nov. is widespread in the south of China including the low altitude of Tibet (Fig. 98). R. obscura Liu is distributed in the south of China except Tibet, Hainan and Taiwan Island (Fig. 98). Three species, R. longicaudalis sp. nov., R. apennis sp. nov., R. parapennis sp. nov., are endemic to low altitude of Tibet (Fig. 99). R. latilobalis sp. nov. is endemic to Guangdong Province. R. ferruginescens sp. nov. is endemic to Guangxi Province (Fig. 99)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on pages 37-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329, {"references":["Liu, X. W. (1993) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Stenopelmatoidea. In Huang, C. M. (Ed.), Animals of Longqi Mountain. The Series of the bioresources Expedition to the Longqi Mountain Natural Reserve. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. pp. 41 - 56. (In Chinese with English summary)","Bolivar, I. (1906) Fasgonurios de la Guinea espanola. Memorias de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, I, 334.","Liu, C. X. & Kang, L. (2010) The genus Tapiena Bolivar (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), with description of three new species from China. Zootaxa, 2328, 49 - 64.","Liu, C. X., Liu, X. W. & Kang, L. (2008) Review on the genus Holochlora Stal (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 55 (2), 223 - 240.","Liu, C. X. & Kang, L. (2007 b) Revision of the genus Sinochlora Tinkham (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae). Journal of Natural History, 41 (21), 1313 - 1341."]}

Ruidocollaris longicaudalis sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 13, 24, 34, 42, 51, 60, 70, 78, 87, 88) Examined material. Holotype, 1 female, at light, China: Tibet: Linzhi County, Motuo nature reserve, Aniqiao, 300m, 2006. VIII. 13, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); Paratype: 23 males, 2 females, same data as in holotype (IZAS); 5 males, 3 females, at light, China: Tibet: Linzhi County, Mutuo nature reserve, Yarang Village, 760m, 2006. VIII. 19, Coll. Baiming (IZAS); 2 males, China: Tibet, Muotuo, Muotuo city zone, 800m, 2006. VIII. 23, Coll. Baiming (IZAS). Description. Female (holotype). Size large for typical phaneropterines. Pronotal disc with first transverse groove lying at basal sixth, distinct ���U���-shaped middle transverse groove lying at basal third, and third transverse groove lying in middle; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin strongly angular round. Anterior femur armed with 3 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 5 spines on ventroanterior margin; posterior femur with 8 anterior spines on ventral margins. Anterior tibiae with 1 anterior and 1���2 posterior spines on dorsal margins; median tibiae with 1 anterior and 5 posterior spines on dorsal margins; posterior tibiae with 22 anterior and 31 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings well developed. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with two other oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein (Figs. 87, 88). Female tenth abdominal tergum not produced, with dorso-medial groove; posterior margin obtusely emarginated. Epiproct wider than long, triangular. Cerci conical, slightly curved, gradually tapering in pointed apex (Fig. 70). Subgenital plate triangular, wider than long; lateral margins approximately straight; apex obtuse (Fig. 78). Ovipositor distinguished, tapering towards apex, one and a half times longer than pronotum, four times much longer than wide, with both margins serrated; apex pointed. Male stridulatory vein long, with stridulatory file composed of about 100 densely arranged teeth, among which basal four teeth transferred above the basal third part (Fig. 24). Right stridulatory area with distinct irregular triangular mirror (Fig. 13). Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin truncated, epiproct tongueshaped. Cerci abruptly becoming thinner from base to distal third, apex pointed (Fig. 51). Subgenital plate slightly longer than wide, apical margin with a small triangular notch at middle; styli robust, less than one sixth of subgenital plate (Fig. 60). Coloration (Figs. 87, 88). Green on the whole view. Tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, paraproct and cerci yellowish green. Apex of cerci brown. Apex of ovipositor dark brown. Variation. Rare specimens with some small white round globes clustered by small spots in Radial-Medial area. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 31.0, female 30.0; of pronotum: male 9.0, female 10.6; height of paranota: male 7.2; length of paranota: male 5.8; of tegmen: male 54.8, female 56.6; largest width of tegmen: male 14.5, female 17.7; length of hind wing: male 60.5, female 61.5; of posterior femur: male 25.2, female 31.0; of apical style of male: 0.72; length of ovipositor 14.1; largest width of ovipositor 3.2. Discussion. The new species resembles R. truncatolobata and R. rubescens sp. nov. in large size and shape of whole body, but distinguished from them by the shape of the female ovipositor, less rate between tegminal length and largest width and some details of male subgenital plate. Etymology. The name suggests that the new species is distinguished from the congeners by the long ovipositor. Distribution (Fig. 99). China (Tibet)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329

Ruidocollaris convexipennis (Caudell, 1935) (Figs. 5, 14, 25, 35, 43, 52, 61, 71, 79, 89) Liotrachela convexipennis Caudell, 1935: 245. Liotrachela convexipennis: Bei-Bienko, 1954: 116. Ruidocollaris convexipennis: Liu, 1993: 46. Rudicollaris convexipennis: Liu, 1999: 131. Material examined. 1 male, China: Shaanxi Prov.: Zhenba, 1985. VII. 20, Li Fasheng (ICAU); China: Sichuan Prov.: Omei Mt., Qingyinge, 3 males, 1 female, 800���1000m, 1957,VII. 15 ���XI. 19, Coll. Lu Youcai, Huang Keren (IZAS, No. 360937-360938), 2 females, 1961. VIII. 21, Coll. Yang Jikun (ICAU), 3 males, 1978. VII. 15 ��� IX. 15, Coll. Li Fasheng (ICAU); 1 male, China: Sichuan Prov.: Wenchuan, Yingxiu, 1000m, 1983. IX. 15, Coll. Zhang Xuezhong (IZAS, No. 360940); 1 male, China: Kwanhsien, Szechuan, 1930. VIII. 17, Collector unknown (IZAS, No. 360935); 5 males, at light, China: Sichuan Prov.: Ya���an City, Baoxing, Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve, 1700���1800m, 2003. VIII. 15 ���VIII. 20, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS, No. 361008 -361011, 361419); 1 male, China: Anhui Prov.: Huangshan Mt., Tangkou, 1986. VII. 18, Chen Naizhong (ICAU); 1 male, China: Hubei Prov.: Shennongjia, Cailuo, 920m, 1981. VIII. 30, Coll. Han Yinghen (IZAS, No. 360943); 1 male, China: Fujian Prov.: Wuyishan Mt., 1981.IX., Coll. Jiang Fan (IZAS, No. 360939); 14 males, 2 females, China: Jiangxi Prov.: Guling, 1934. VIII. 9 ���IX.17, 1935. VII. 27 ���VIII. 25, Coll. O. Piel (IZAS, No. 360931 -360934, 360919- 360930); 1 female, China: Yunnan Prov.: Xishuangbanna, Meng���a, 1958. VII. 8, Coll. Pu Fuji (IZAS, No. 360936). Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 22.0, female 29.0; of pronotum: male 5.5 ���6.0, female 6.5 ��� 7.0; height of paranota: male 5.6; length of paranota: male 3.9; of tegmen: male 38.0, female 42.0���43.0; width of tegmen: male 11.5, female 12.0; length of hind wing: male 41.2, female 45.1 ���46.0; of posterior femur: male 18.0-20.0, female 21.0; of apical style of male 1.0; length of ovipositor 6.5 ���7.0; largest width of ovipositor 3.2. Discussion. Whether Liotrachela convexipennis belonged to Liotrachela or not has been questioned, although Caudell (1935) published this species with very detailed description. Bei-Bienko (1954) also gave detailed discussion, but he didn���t examine other species in Liotrachela and pointed out that they couldn���t enter into a discussion of the possible generic relations of the species. Here we agree with Liu���s opinion (1993), because this species possesses unarmed genicular lobe of each femur, and posteriorly convex tegmen, which are very different from typical representatives of Liotrachela, importantly, it shares many common characteristics with the species of the genus Ruidocollaris, which have been mentioned in the diagnosis and description of Ruidocollaris Distribution (Fig. 97). China (Fujian, Shaanxi, Anhui, Hubei, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329, {"references":["Caudell, A. N. (1935) A new species of katydid from China. Peking Natural History Bulletin, 9 (3), 245 - 246.","Bei-Bienko, G. Ya. (1954) Tettigonioidea. Subfam. Phaneropterinae. Orthoptera, II (2). The Fauna of Russia. New Series. 59, 116.","Liu, X. W. (1993) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea, Stenopelmatoidea. In Huang, C. M. (Ed.), Animals of Longqi Mountain. The Series of the bioresources Expedition to the Longqi Mountain Natural Reserve. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. pp. 41 - 56. (In Chinese with English summary)","Liu, X. W. & Jin, X. B. (1999) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea. In Huang, B. (Ed.), Fauna of Insects Fujian Province of China. Vol. 1. Fujian Science and Technology Press, Fuzhou. pp. 125. (In Chinese with English summary)"]}

Tapiena simplicis Liu & Xia, 1996 (Figs. 1 c���d, 3 g ���l) Tapiena simplicis Liu & Xia, 1996, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 21 (2): 198���199; (Holotype M, origi. descrip.; type locality: Motuo, Tibet, China; type deposited in MSIE, Shanghai). Material examined. 1 male (holotype), 1 female (paratype), China: Tibet: Motuo, IX. 17���18, Coll. Jin Gentao, Wu Jianyi (MSIE); 2 males, at light, China: Tibet: Muotuo, Beibeng, 2006. VIII. 15��� 20, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS). Redescription. Male (holotype). Large-sized. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 110 fine teeth (Fig. 3 g). Tenth abdominal tergum normal, with apical margin truncated (Fig. 3 i). Cerci cylindrical, slightly curved, apical part enlarged, with an upcurved hook (Fig. 3 h). Subgenital plate with basal part widest, then gradually narrowed, apical margin with a rather large obtuse triangular notch, as long as one fifth length of subgenital plate; styli slender, as long as two-thirds length of male subgenital plate (Fig. 3 j). Female. Tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, cerci, and ovipositor similar to other congener (Fig. 3 k). Subgenital plate much triangular, wider than long, with distinct median carina; apical margin wide obtuse (Fig. 3 l). Coloration. Green. Compound eyes darkly brown. Apex of female ovipositor dark brown. Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 28.5, female 28.8; length of pronotum: male 6.2, female 6.5; length of tegmen: male 43.5, female 44.0; largest width of tegmen: male 9.0, female 11.5; length of hind wing: male 48.0, female 49.0; length of posterior femur: male 22.0, female 22.0; length of ovipositor 8.5. Distribution. China (Tibet)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on pages 52-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106, {"references":["Liu, X. W. & Xia, K. L. (1996) Descriptions of four new species of the genus Tapiena from China (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae). Acta Zootaxonomica sinica, 21 (2), 196 - 201."]}

Ruidocollaris apennis sp. nov. (Figs. 8, 17, 28, 38, 45, 55, 64, 93) Examined material. Holotype, 1 male, China: Tibet: Linzhi District: Mutuo County: Hanmi, 1900m, 2006. VIII. 11, Coll. Liang Hongbin (IZAS); Paratype, 1 male, same data as in holotype (IZAS). Description. Male (holotype). Size median for typical phaneropterines. Pronotal disc with distinct ���U���- shaped middle transverse groove lying before middle; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin angularly round. Anterior femur armed with 0���2 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 1���3 spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 6���8 anterior spines on ventral margins. Posterior tibiae with 11 anterior and 14 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with two other oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein (Fig. 93). Male stridulatory vein long, with stridulatory file composed of about 62 densely arranged teeth (Fig. 28). Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin truncated, epiproct tongue-shaped. Cerci gradually becoming thinner from base to distal third, with apex pointed (Fig. 55). Subgenital plate much longer than wide, apical margin with a sharp triangular notch at middle; styli short fine, as long as one third of subgenital plate (Fig. 64). Coloration (Fig. 95). Green. Sterna of thorax and of abdomen, cerci, epiproct, paraproct, and male subgenital plate are ferruginous. Compound eyes brown. The first segment of antennae ferruginous, remainder brown or ferruginous. Tegmen green, with numerous dark dots near posterior margin, and many small globes clustered by brown dots in Radial-Medial area. Female unknown. Measurements of male (mm). Length of body: 22.0; of pronotum: 7.8; height of paranota: 6.2; length of paranota: 4.2; of tegmen: 47.8; largest width of tegmen: 13.5; length of hind wing: 53.5; of posterior femur: 22.5; of apical style of male: 0.9. Discussion. The new subspecies resembles Ruidocollaris convexipennis in coloration of abdomen sternum, structure of head, and of pronotum, but distinguished by coloration of head, leg, tegmen and abdominal apex, and shape of tegmen, details of male cerci and subgenital plate. Etymology. The name shows that the new species resembles R. convexipennis but is distinctly different from the latter. Distribution (Fig. 99). China (Tibet)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329

Tapiena parapentagona Liu and Kang, sp. n. (Figs. 1 i���j, 4 c, l���q) Type material. Holotype: male, China: Yunnan Prov.: Simao District: Caiyanghe nature reserve, 1400m (at light), 2004. VIII. 24, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); Paratype, 1 female, same data as in Holotype (IZAS). Description. Male (holotype). Medium-sized. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 160 fine teeth (Fig. 4 c). Tenth abdominal tergum, in dorsal view, strongly produced, straight, not inclined, basal half semicircular, bacilliform apical half densely with rows of spinules; in lateral view, apical half outspreaded dorso-ventrad, ventral margin with 3 sharp spines, apical margin with a large obtuse angular concavity (Figs. 4 l, m). Cerci cylindrical, slightly curved, apex with one large distal spine and one small sub-apical spine on exterior margin (Fig. 4 n). Subgenital plate with basal part wide, gradually narrowed, apical margin with a rather large triangular notch, as long as one third length of subgenital plate; styli slender, longer than two thirds length of subgenital plate (Fig. 4 o). Female. Tenth abdominal tergum, epiproct, cerci, and ovipositor similar to other congener. Ovipositor with lateral surface approximately smooth, distal 2 / 3 part of dorsal margin crenulated, and distal 1 / 6 part of ventral margin serrulate (Fig. 4 p). Subgenital plate pentagonal on the whole, with lateral margins of basal half part extending outwards, with lateral margins of distal half part contracting and slightly convex, and apical margin emarginated (Fig. 4 q). Coloration. Green. Compound eyes dark brown. Stripes of lateral surface of fore femur and areas of tympana of fore tibiae brown. Cells of tegmen except that of costal area densely covered with many small dark brown dots. Male cerci with apical spines dark brown. Female ovipositor with apices of both margins brown. Measurements of male (mm). Length of body: male 12.0, female 13.0; length of pronotum: male 4.5, female 4.5; length of tegmen: male 30.5, female 32.0; largest width of tegmen: male 6.5, female 8.0; length of hind wing: male 35.5, female 36.0; length of posterior femur: male 16.0, female 15.0; length of ovipositor: 6.5. Comparison. The new species most resembles T. spinicaudata in the size, male subgenital plate and male cerci, but distinctly differs by male stridulatory file, male tenth abdominal tergum. It also similar to T. pentagona Karny, 1923 in the size and pentagonal female subgenital plate, but differs by the female subgenital plate with lateral margins slightly convex (not straight), and with apical margin emarginated (not pointed at apex); it also resembles T. emarginata Karny, 1923 in the size and female subgenital plate emarginated at apex, but differs by the female subgenital plate large and pentagonal (not small and broadly triangular). Distribution. China (Yunnan Prov.)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106, {"references":["Karny, H. H. (1923) On Malaysian Katydids (Gryllacridae and Tettigoniidae), from the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Journal Malayan Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, I, 139 - 142."]}

Ruidocollaris ferruginescens sp. nov. (Figs. 19, 20, 30, 47, 48, 57, 66, 95, 99) Examined material. Holotype, male, China: Guangxi Prov.: Jinxiu, Linhai Hotel, 1000m, 2000. VII. 2, Coll. Yao Jian (IZAS); Paratype, China: Guangxi Prov.: Jinxiu, 2 males, Linhai Hotel, 1000m, 2000. VII. 2, Coll. Li Wenzhu (IZAS); 1 male, Shengtangshan Mt., 900���1900m, 2000. VI. 29, Chen Jun (IZAS). Description. Male (holotype). Size median for typical phaneropterines. Pronotal disc with distinct ���U���- shaped middle transverse groove lying slightly before middle, and other transverse groove indistinct; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin widely round; paranota about as long as high, ventral margin approximately straight, ventrally expanding backwards, humeral notch distinct. Anterior femur armed with 5��� 6 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 4���5 spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 5���6 subapical anterior spines on ventral margins. Anterior tibiae with 1 posterior spines on dorsal margin; median tibiae with 4���6 posterior spines on dorsal margins; posterior tibiae with 19 anterior and 28 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with two other oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein. Male stridulatory vein long, with stridulatory file composed of about 76 densely arranged teeth (Fig. 30). Right stridulatory area with distinct irregular triangular mirror (Fig. 20). Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin emarginated. Epiproct wide tongue-shaped (Figs. 47, 48). Cerci conical, incurved, apex with an obtuse tooth on interior margin (Fig. 57). Subgenital plate much longer than wide, middle of interior margin of wide triangular apical notch with a tooth; styli robust, as long as one third subgenital plate (Fig. 66). Female unknown. Coloration (Fig. 95). Green. Face, scape and peduncle of antennae, coxa and trochanter of leg, sterna of thorax and of abdomen, cerci, epiproct, paraproct, and ninth and tenth abdominal tergite are ferruginous. Compound eyes brown. The first segment of flagellum ferruginous, remainder brown or ferruginous. Tegmen green, with numerous dark dots near posterior margin. Measurements of male (mm). Length of body 31.5; of pronotum 8.4; height of paranota 6.1; length of paranota 4.8; of tegmen 50.5; largest width of tegmen 14.0; length of hind wing 54.2; of posterior femur 29.5; of apical style 1.1. Discussion. The new species resembles R. convexipennis and R. apennis sp. nov. in the coloration of body except of wing, but distinguished from them by the shape of head, pronotum, the shape and color of wing, and details of male abdominal apex. It also resembles R. latilobalis sp. nov. in the shape of head and pronotal disc, but differs by the shape of pronotal lateral lobe, the shape and color of wing, and details of male abdominal apex. Etymology. The name is composed of the word ��� ferrugin- ��� and its suffix, refers that the new species possesses particular ventral coloration. Distribution (Fig. 99). China (Guangxi)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, A review of the genus Ruidocollaris Liu (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with description of six new species from China, pp. 36-60 in Zootaxa 2664 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276329

Tapiena longzhouensis Liu, 2004 (Figs. 1 k���l, 5 a, c���f) Tapiena longzhouensis Liu, 2004, In: Yang X. K. (Ed.) Insects from Mt. Shiwandashan Area of Guangxi (Holotype, M, origi. descrip.; type locality: Longzhou, Guangxi, China; Type depository: IZAS, Beijing). Material examined. 1 male (Holotype), China: Guangxi Prov.: Longzhou, Nonggang, 2000. VI. 15, Coll. Yao Jian (IZAS). Redescription. Male (holotype). Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with about 140 rather distinct fine teeth and about apical 25 indistinct teeth (Fig. 5 a). Tenth abdominal tergum with middle lobe strongly projecting backwards, distal half compressed, with apical margin truncated, and lateral posterior corner obtuse in dorsal view (Fig. 5 d); middle lobe extending ventrad into two long sharp spines. Tenth abdominal tergum with middle protuberance, apical half compressed, with apical margin truncated, posterior lateral corner obtuse; in lateral view lateral margin arcuate, extending backwards into a short spine, which directing ventrad (Fig. 5 c); in ventral view, ventral surface split into two symmetrical lobes. Cerci robust, incurved, apex shaped into one small tooth (Fig. 5 e). Subgenital plate with base widest, distal half abruptly narrowed, apical margin with a long sharp angular notch, as long as one third length of subgenital plate; styli slender, as long as two-thirds length of male subgenital plate (Fig. 5 f). Female. Unknown. Coloration. Yellowish green. Compound eyes dark brown; tegmen green; interior margin of anterior femur with black stripes. Measurements of males (mm). Length of body 27.0; length of pronotum 6.0; length of tegmen 39.0; largest width of tegmen 9.2; length of hind wing 44.0; length of posterior femur 17.5. Distribution. China (Guangxi Prov.)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2010, The genus Tapiena Bol��var (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Holochlorini), with description of three new species from China, pp. 49-64 in Zootaxa 2328 on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.193106, {"references":["Liu, X. W. & Yin, H. S. (2004) Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea and Stenopelmatoidea. In: Yang, X. K. (Ed), Insects from Mountain Shiwandashan Area of Guangxi. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 90 - 110. [In Chinese with English summary]"]}

Paraxantia bicornis Liu & Kang sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 36, 37, 43, 47, 54, 59, 64) Holotype: male, CHINA: Guangxi: Jinxiu, Sliver fir Spot, 1100m, 10.v. 1999, no. 1341829, Coll. Li Wenzhu (IZAS). Paratype: 1 male, CHINA: Guangxi: Jinxiu, Jinzhong Road, 1100m, 10.v. 1999, no. 1341828, Coll. Xiao Hui (IZAS). Description: Male (holotype). Size large for typical phaneropterines, but distinctly smaller than Paraxantia tibetensis. Pronotal disk (Figs. 10, 15) with deeply engraved anterior transverse groove, lying at basal fifth, and distinct middle transverse groove, lying slightly before middle; one oblique slightly granular line beginning in middle of each lateral carina, then ending in middle of posterior margin. Anterior femur armed with 6 small spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 9���10 small spines on ventroanterior margin; posterior femur with 26���28 anterior and 0���2 subapical posterior spines on ventral margins. Anterior tibiae with 2���4 dorsal spines on posterior margins; median tibiae with 7 dorsal spines on posterior margin; posterior tibiae with 25 anterior and 27���28 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with two other oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein. Left stridulatory area (Fig. 36) with posterior margin obtusely angular, greatest width between CuM vein and posterior margin small, about 4.5 millimeters. Stridulatory vein short, with straight fine stridulatory file composed of 27 distinct teeth, among which apical 13 large teeth are of equal size, and widely arranged, remaining 14 teeth are gradually becoming smaller and sparsely arranged from middle to base (Figs. 43, 47). Right stridulatory area with distinct irregular quadrangular mirror (Fig. 37). Epiproct sharp triangular. Cerci robust, bifurcate at apical fourth, dorsal one conical, produced inwards and upwards, with apex rounded; ventral one produced and horizontally inwards, abruptly tapering into a long sharp spine (Fig. 59). Subgenital plate wider than long, with distinct middle carina; apical margin with a wide triangular notch at middle; styli small, just slightly longer than notch (Fig. 54). Unpaired lower sclerite of phallus with sheet-like upper arm, which slightly longer than conical corn-like spinous lower one, notch between lower lateral arm widely obtuse angular (Fig. 64). Female unknown. Color: Green, just compound eyes, tip of tibial spines, spines of internal cercal fork and sclerites of genitalia brown. Measurements of male (mm): Length of body 29.5; length of pronotum 9.5; length of tegmen 55.5; width of tegmen 20.2; greatest width of tegminal dorsal part 4.5; length of hind wing 60.0; length of anterior femur 9.2; length of middle femur 14.1; length of posterior femur 26.5. Etymology: The name is illustrative of the shape of the sclerite of the phallus. Discussion: The new species resembles Paraxantia sinica (Liu, 1993) in the general view, including the structure of head, common characteristics of pronotum, wings, legs and abdominal apex in the genus Paraxantia. These two species differ in the details of stridulatory area of tegmen, and male abdominal apex. Paraxantia bicornis differs from P. sinensis by obtusely angular stridulatory area, stridulatory file on underside of the left tegmen, specific cerci and genitalia. Distribution: China: Guangxi., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2009, A new genus, Paraxantia gen. nov., with descriptions of four new species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China, pp. 36-52 in Zootaxa 2031 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186270, {"references":["Liu, X. W. (1993) Orhtoptera: Tettigonioidea, Stenopelmatoidea. Pp. 41 - 56. In Huang, C. M. (Ed.) Animals of Longqi Mountain. The Series of the bioresources Expedition to the Longqi Mountain Natural Reserve. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (In Chinese with English summary)"]}

Paraxantia tibetensis Liu & Kang, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 27, 38, 48, 50, 55, 60, 67���69) Holotype: male, at light, CHINA: Tibet: Linzhi County, Pailong, 2100m, 2.ix. 2005, Coll. Chen Xiaolin (IZAS). Paratype: 1 male, at light, CHINA: Tibet: Bomi County, Tongmai, 2100m, 30.viii. 2005, Coll. Chen Xiaolin (IZAS); 2 males, at light, China: Tibet: Motuo County, Hanmi, 2120m, 29.36637��N, 95.12770��E, vii. 2006, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS). Description: Male (holotype). Size large for typical phaneropterine insects. Pronotal disk (Figs. 6, 11) with deeply engraved first transverse groove, lying at basal fourth, and indistinct middle transverse groove, lying slightly before middle; one oblique strongly granular line beginning in middle of each lateral carina, then ending in middle of posterior margin. Anterior femur armed with 4���6 strong spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 9���10 strong spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 21 anterior and 0���2 subapical posterior strong spines on ventral margins. Anterior genicular lobe with an indistinct, small median spine; median and posterior genicular lobes, respectively, possessing a distinct, sharp median spine (Figs. 67, 69). Anterior tibiae with 2���4 dorsal spines on posterior margins; median tibiae with 7 dorsal spines on posterior margin; posterior tibiae with 19���20 anterior and 24���25 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with two other oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein (Fig. 68). Stridulatory area (Fig. 26) with posterior margin sharply angular, greatest width between CuM vein and posterior margin rather large, about 6.3���6.4 millimeters. Stridulatory vein long, with cambered fine stridulatory file composed of about 140 densely arranged teeth, which are gradually becoming smaller from base to end (Fig. 38). Right stridulatory area with distinct irregular quadrangular mirror (Fig. 27). Epiproct sharply triangular. Cerci robust, bifurcate at distal third, dorsal one produced inwards and downwards, with basal half gradually tapering, apical half shaped into a sharp spine; ventral one long, produced backwards with ventral margin slightly convex, dorsal margin distinctly concave (Fig. 55). Subgenital plate broader than long, with distinct middle carina; apical margin with a small triangular notch at middle; styli small, just slightly longer than notch (Fig. 50). Each camber lower sclerite of phallus sheet-like, smooth on surface except for denticulate exterior margin, with upper arm distinctly longer than lower one (Fig. 60). Female unknown. Color: Green, just compound eyes, tip of tibial spines, spines of internal fork of cercus and sclerites of genitalia brown. Measurements of male (mm): Length of body 39.0; length of pronotum 11.5; length of tegmen 68.0; width of tegmen 33.0; greatest width of tegminal dorsal part 6.3���6.4; length of hind wing 74.1; length of anterior femur 11.0; length of middle femur 15.2; length of posterior femur 32.8. Etymology: The new species is named after the type locality. Discussion: The new species resembles Paraxantia sinica (Liu, 1993) in the general view, including the structure of head, common characteristics of pronotum, wings, legs and abdominal apex in Paraxantia. These two species differ in the details of pronotum, tegmen, legs and abdominal apex. Paraxantia tibetensis differs from P, sinensis by its much larger size, indistinct middle transverse groove and comparatively large granules in the pronotal disk, strong spines on legs, posterior margins of anterior and median tibiae with distinct dorsal spines, strongly angular stridulatory area, specific cerci and genitalia. Distribution: China: Tibet: Motuo, Bomi., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2009, A new genus, Paraxantia gen. nov., with descriptions of four new species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China, pp. 36-52 in Zootaxa 2031 on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186270, {"references":["Liu, X. W. (1993) Orhtoptera: Tettigonioidea, Stenopelmatoidea. Pp. 41 - 56. In Huang, C. M. (Ed.) Animals of Longqi Mountain. The Series of the bioresources Expedition to the Longqi Mountain Natural Reserve. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (In Chinese with English summary)"]}

Paraxantia hubeiensis Liu & Kang sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 23, 32, 33, 41, 45, 52, 57, 62) Holotype: male, CHINA: Hubei: Hefeng, Fenshuiling Forestry Spot, 1200m, 30.v. 1989, no. 1344465, Coll. Sun Baowen (IZAS). Description: Male (holotype). Size distinctly large for typical phaneropterine insects, and distinctly smaller than Paraxantia tibetensis. Pronotal disk (Figs. 8, 13) with deeply engraved first transverse groove, lying at basal fifth, and distinct middle transverse groove, lying slightly before middle; one oblique slightly granular line beginning in middle of each lateral carina, then ending in middle of posterior margin. Anterior femur armed with 6���8 small spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 7���10 small spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 24���26 anterior and 0���2 subapical posterior spines on ventral margins. Anterior tibiae only with 1 dorsal spine and 1 ventral apical spine on posterior margin, and 4 ventral spines as well as 1 ventral apical spine on anterior margin; median tibiae also only with 1 dorsal spine and 1 ventral apical spine on posterior margin, and 4���5 ventral spines as well as 1 ventral apical spine on anterior margin; posterior tibiae with 23 anterior and 23���24 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with one oblique branch reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein. Left stridulatory area (Fig. 32) with posterior margin slightly sharply angular, greatest width between CuM vein and posterior margin rather large, about 5.5 millimeters. Stridulatory vein (Figs. 41, 45) rather long, with camber fine stridulatory file composed of about 73 widely arranged teeth, among which 22 widely arranged large teeth occupying middle third part, remaining teeth gradually becoming smaller towards both ends. Right stridulatory area with distinct irregular quadrangular mirror (Fig. 33). Epiproct sharp triangular. Cerci robust, bifurcate at apical fourth, dorsal one conical, produced inwards and upwards, with apex rounded; ventral one produced and horizontally inwards, abruptly tapering into a long sharp spine (Fig. 57). Subgenital plate wider than long, with distinct middle carina; apical margin with a wide triangular notch at middle; styli small, just slightly longer than notch (Fig. 52). unpaired lower sclerite of phallus with distinct shorter upper arm than sheet-like spinous lower one, notch between lower lateral arm sharply angular (Fig. 62). Female unknown. Color: Green, just compound eyes, tip of tibial spines, spines of internal cercal fork and sclerites of genitalia brown. Measurements of male (mm): Length of body 31.2; length of pronotum 8.1; length of tegmen 60.1; width of tegmen 20.8; greatest width of tegminal dorsal part 5.5; length of hind wing 65.9; length of anterior femur 7.1; length of middle femur 10.9; length of posterior femur 26.5. Etymology: The name shows the type locality. Discussion: The new species resembles Paraxantia sinica (Liu, 1993) in the general view, including the structure of head, common characteristics of pronotum, wings, legs and abdominal apex in Paraxantia. These two species just differ in details of stridulatory area of tegmen, and male abdominal apex. Paraxantia hubeiensis differs from P. s i n e n s i s by obtusely angular stridulatory area, stridulatory file, cerci and genitalia. Distribution: China: Hubei: Hefeng., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2009, A new genus, Paraxantia gen. nov., with descriptions of four new species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China, pp. 36-52 in Zootaxa 2031 on pages 47-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186270, {"references":["Liu, X. W. (1993) Orhtoptera: Tettigonioidea, Stenopelmatoidea. Pp. 41 - 56. In Huang, C. M. (Ed.) Animals of Longqi Mountain. The Series of the bioresources Expedition to the Longqi Mountain Natural Reserve. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (In Chinese with English summary)"]}

Genus Paraxantia gen. nov. Type species: Paraxantia tibetensis Liu & Kang, sp. nov. Here designated. Diagnosis: Compound eyes twice as long as wide (Figs. 1–5, 11– 25); fastigium verticis strongly deflexed forwards, with apex distinctly emarginated (Figs. 1–10, 16– 25); pronotal disk approximately flat, just slightly rough, gradually tilting backwards, with lateral carinae finely denticulate on prozona (Figs. 6–10); lateral lobes of pronotum higher than long, and gradually becoming higher backwards; with moderate humeral notch (Figs. 11–15); anterior coxae unarmed; each femur possessing strong ventral spines (Fig. 67); each femoral genicular lobe with a distinct median spine (Figs. 67, 69); tegmen gradually attenuated behind middle, with approximately erect apical margin (Fig. 68); Rs not bifurcate (Fig. 68); male subgenital plate with distinct styli (Figs. 48 –54); male phallus bearing complex systematical sclerites (Figs. 60–64). Description: Head ovoid, occiput convex and smooth. Fastigium verticis triangular, well-produced, strongly deflexed, dorsally slightly or distinctly sulcate, approximately twice as wide as first segment of antenna, with apex slightly emarginated, nearly touching fastigium frontis. Fastigium frontis triangular, perpendicular. Compound eye elongate, greatly bulging, ventral margin extending through to ventral margin of antennal scrobe (Figs. 1–5, 16– 25). Antennae thread-like, long and flexible. Pronotum gradually tilting and widened backwards; pronotal disk approximately flat, just slightly rough; first transverse groove strongly impressed; second transverse groove more or less indistinct, present before middle with a discontiguous elongate median line extending; lateral carinae finely denticulate on prozona; anterior margin strongly concaved, posterior margin obtuse, with a small middle notch; some small granules composed of two lines, which is shaped into a angle from connection between first transverse groove and each lateral carina to centre of posterior margin (Figs. 6–10). Lateral lobes of pronotum deeper than long; anterior margin with a distinct concavity at top, remainder of anterior margin approximately straight, posterior margin slightly obtuse, ventral margin outspreading backwards, slightly sinuate. Humeral notch distinct, moderate (Figs. 11–15). Tegmen slightly translucent, gradually widened from base, then attenuated behind middle, with regular veinlets; Costa indistinct; subcostal vein and radial vein joined at base, then separated but closely abutted together till before apical part of tegmen; radical sector not bifurcated; apex of tegmen rounded (Fig. 68). Male stridulatory area (Figs. 26–37) with posterior margin straight; male right stridulatory area with distinct mirror. Anterior coxae unarmed. Anterior and median femora with regularly-arranged big spines on ventroanterior margin; posterior femur with many regularly-arranged big spines on ventro-anterior margin and a few big spines near apex on ventro-posterior margin. Anterior tibiae dorsally approximately flat, with tympanum conchate on both sides; widened at and gradually constricted below tympana. Median tibia almost flat, without distinct groove, with or without dorsal spines; posterior tibiae with dorsal spines on both sides. Male terminalia. Tenth abdominal tergum broad, concave in middle (Figs. 48–49). Subgenital plate elongate, with notch at apex; styli minute, robust, short (Figs. 63–67). Male concealed sclerotized genitalia complex, comprising an upper smooth conchae, a median pair of crinkled band-shaped spinous sclerites and a lower pair of denticulate sclerites or a lower unpaired sclerite with bifurcate distal part, which separately enveloped by membranous structures, and arranged from top down in internal genitalia; structure of lower denticulate sclerites distinctly various through different species (Figs. 50–54). Female unknown. Discussion: Paraxantia resembles Xantia Brunner von Wattenwyl in the shape of compound eyes, the width of fastigium verticis, and the shape of lateral lobes of pronotum. It differs from the latter by the shape of pronotal posterior margin, Rs vein of tegmen, and the shape of hind tibiae. In Xantia, the posterior margin of the pronotum is angular, the tegmen is lanceolate and tapering from the widest middle part in the latter, the Rs vein is bifurcate, and, the hind tibia is dilated at base (Figs. 65, 66). The characters of Paraxantia distinguish it from Xantia at generic level, although there is no description on male abdominal apex of Xantia borneensis because of loss of the abdomen of the type. Paraxantia possesses a leaf-shaped tegmen, from which we infer that the katydids live in broadleaf forests. When collecting in the field, Paraxantia was not collected by net during the daytime, but many males were acquired by attraction to lights. This further suggests that these katydids live in broadleaf forests. Only males were attracted to light. Species of Paraxantia are distributed in middle altitudes of South of China. Males were attracted to light from 700m to 2200m. Until now, we have collected them in primal forests in Hubei Province, Guangxi Province, Fujian Province, Sichuan Province, and Tibet. Etymology: The name Paraxantia is composed of the prefix Para-, and name of another genus Xantia. The name refers that the new genus is related to Xantia. Feminine gender. Distribution: China.

Paraxantia tibetensis Liu & Kang, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 27, 38, 48, 50, 55, 60, 67–69) Holotype: male, at light, CHINA: Tibet: Linzhi County, Pailong, 2100m, 2.ix. 2005, Coll. Chen Xiaolin (IZAS). Paratype: 1 male, at light, CHINA: Tibet: Bomi County, Tongmai, 2100m, 30.viii. 2005, Coll. Chen Xiaolin (IZAS); 2 males, at light, China: Tibet: Motuo County, Hanmi, 2120m, 29.36637ºN, 95.12770ºE, vii. 2006, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS). Description: Male (holotype). Size large for typical phaneropterine insects. Pronotal disk (Figs. 6, 11) with deeply engraved first transverse groove, lying at basal fourth, and indistinct middle transverse groove, lying slightly before middle; one oblique strongly granular line beginning in middle of each lateral carina, then ending in middle of posterior margin. Anterior femur armed with 4–6 strong spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 9–10 strong spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 21 anterior and 0–2 subapical posterior strong spines on ventral margins. Anterior genicular lobe with an indistinct, small median spine; median and posterior genicular lobes, respectively, possessing a distinct, sharp median spine (Figs. 67, 69). Anterior tibiae with 2–4 dorsal spines on posterior margins; median tibiae with 7 dorsal spines on posterior margin; posterior tibiae with 19–20 anterior and 24–25 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with two other oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein (Fig. 68). Stridulatory area (Fig. 26) with posterior margin sharply angular, greatest width between CuM vein and posterior margin rather large, about 6.3–6.4 millimeters. Stridulatory vein long, with cambered fine stridulatory file composed of about 140 densely arranged teeth, which are gradually becoming smaller from base to end (Fig. 38). Right stridulatory area with distinct irregular quadrangular mirror (Fig. 27). Epiproct sharply triangular. Cerci robust, bifurcate at distal third, dorsal one produced inwards and downwards, with basal half gradually tapering, apical half shaped into a sharp spine; ventral one long, produced backwards with ventral margin slightly convex, dorsal margin distinctly concave (Fig. 55). Subgenital plate broader than long, with distinct middle carina; apical margin with a small triangular notch at middle; styli small, just slightly longer than notch (Fig. 50). Each camber lower sclerite of phallus sheet-like, smooth on surface except for denticulate exterior margin, with upper arm distinctly longer than lower one (Fig. 60). Female unknown. Color: Green, just compound eyes, tip of tibial spines, spines of internal fork of cercus and sclerites of genitalia brown. Measurements of male (mm): Length of body 39.0; length of pronotum 11.5; length of tegmen 68.0; width of tegmen 33.0; greatest width of tegminal dorsal part 6.3–6.4; length of hind wing 74.1; length of anterior femur 11.0; length of middle femur 15.2; length of posterior femur 32.8. Etymology: The new species is named after the type locality. Discussion: The new species resembles Paraxantia sinica (Liu, 1993) in the general view, including the structure of head, common characteristics of pronotum, wings, legs and abdominal apex in Paraxantia. These two species differ in the details of pronotum, tegmen, legs and abdominal apex. Paraxantia tibetensis differs from P, sinensis by its much larger size, indistinct middle transverse groove and comparatively large granules in the pronotal disk, strong spines on legs, posterior margins of anterior and median tibiae with distinct dorsal spines, strongly angular stridulatory area, specific cerci and genitalia. Distribution: China: Tibet: Motuo, Bomi.

Genus Paraxantia gen. nov. Type species: Paraxantia tibetensis Liu & Kang, sp. nov. Here designated. Diagnosis: Compound eyes twice as long as wide (Figs. 1���5, 11��� 25); fastigium verticis strongly deflexed forwards, with apex distinctly emarginated (Figs. 1���10, 16��� 25); pronotal disk approximately flat, just slightly rough, gradually tilting backwards, with lateral carinae finely denticulate on prozona (Figs. 6���10); lateral lobes of pronotum higher than long, and gradually becoming higher backwards; with moderate humeral notch (Figs. 11���15); anterior coxae unarmed; each femur possessing strong ventral spines (Fig. 67); each femoral genicular lobe with a distinct median spine (Figs. 67, 69); tegmen gradually attenuated behind middle, with approximately erect apical margin (Fig. 68); Rs not bifurcate (Fig. 68); male subgenital plate with distinct styli (Figs. 48 ���54); male phallus bearing complex systematical sclerites (Figs. 60���64). Description: Head ovoid, occiput convex and smooth. Fastigium verticis triangular, well-produced, strongly deflexed, dorsally slightly or distinctly sulcate, approximately twice as wide as first segment of antenna, with apex slightly emarginated, nearly touching fastigium frontis. Fastigium frontis triangular, perpendicular. Compound eye elongate, greatly bulging, ventral margin extending through to ventral margin of antennal scrobe (Figs. 1���5, 16��� 25). Antennae thread-like, long and flexible. Pronotum gradually tilting and widened backwards; pronotal disk approximately flat, just slightly rough; first transverse groove strongly impressed; second transverse groove more or less indistinct, present before middle with a discontiguous elongate median line extending; lateral carinae finely denticulate on prozona; anterior margin strongly concaved, posterior margin obtuse, with a small middle notch; some small granules composed of two lines, which is shaped into a angle from connection between first transverse groove and each lateral carina to centre of posterior margin (Figs. 6���10). Lateral lobes of pronotum deeper than long; anterior margin with a distinct concavity at top, remainder of anterior margin approximately straight, posterior margin slightly obtuse, ventral margin outspreading backwards, slightly sinuate. Humeral notch distinct, moderate (Figs. 11���15). Tegmen slightly translucent, gradually widened from base, then attenuated behind middle, with regular veinlets; Costa indistinct; subcostal vein and radial vein joined at base, then separated but closely abutted together till before apical part of tegmen; radical sector not bifurcated; apex of tegmen rounded (Fig. 68). Male stridulatory area (Figs. 26���37) with posterior margin straight; male right stridulatory area with distinct mirror. Anterior coxae unarmed. Anterior and median femora with regularly-arranged big spines on ventroanterior margin; posterior femur with many regularly-arranged big spines on ventro-anterior margin and a few big spines near apex on ventro-posterior margin. Anterior tibiae dorsally approximately flat, with tympanum conchate on both sides; widened at and gradually constricted below tympana. Median tibia almost flat, without distinct groove, with or without dorsal spines; posterior tibiae with dorsal spines on both sides. Male terminalia. Tenth abdominal tergum broad, concave in middle (Figs. 48���49). Subgenital plate elongate, with notch at apex; styli minute, robust, short (Figs. 63���67). Male concealed sclerotized genitalia complex, comprising an upper smooth conchae, a median pair of crinkled band-shaped spinous sclerites and a lower pair of denticulate sclerites or a lower unpaired sclerite with bifurcate distal part, which separately enveloped by membranous structures, and arranged from top down in internal genitalia; structure of lower denticulate sclerites distinctly various through different species (Figs. 50���54). Female unknown. Discussion: Paraxantia resembles Xantia Brunner von Wattenwyl in the shape of compound eyes, the width of fastigium verticis, and the shape of lateral lobes of pronotum. It differs from the latter by the shape of pronotal posterior margin, Rs vein of tegmen, and the shape of hind tibiae. In Xantia, the posterior margin of the pronotum is angular, the tegmen is lanceolate and tapering from the widest middle part in the latter, the Rs vein is bifurcate, and, the hind tibia is dilated at base (Figs. 65, 66). The characters of Paraxantia distinguish it from Xantia at generic level, although there is no description on male abdominal apex of Xantia borneensis because of loss of the abdomen of the type. Paraxantia possesses a leaf-shaped tegmen, from which we infer that the katydids live in broadleaf forests. When collecting in the field, Paraxantia was not collected by net during the daytime, but many males were acquired by attraction to lights. This further suggests that these katydids live in broadleaf forests. Only males were attracted to light. Species of Paraxantia are distributed in middle altitudes of South of China. Males were attracted to light from 700m to 2200m. Until now, we have collected them in primal forests in Hubei Province, Guangxi Province, Fujian Province, Sichuan Province, and Tibet. Etymology: The name Paraxantia is composed of the prefix Para-, and name of another genus Xantia. The name refers that the new genus is related to Xantia. Feminine gender. Distribution: China., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2009, A new genus, Paraxantia gen. nov., with descriptions of four new species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China, pp. 36-52 in Zootaxa 2031 on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186270

Paraxantia parasinica sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 34, 35, 42, 46, 49, 53, 58, 63) Holotype. male, at light, no. 1344462, China: Fujian Province: Jiangle, Longqishan Mt., 11.v. 1991, Coll. Huang Chunmei (IZAS). Paratype. 2 males, at light, no. 1344463���1344464, China: Fujian Province: Jiangle, Longqishan Mt., 11.v. 1991, Coll. Yao Jian (IZAS). Description: Male (holotype). Size distinctly large for typical phaneropterine and distinctly smaller than Paraxantia tibetensis. Pronotal disk (Figs. 10, 14) with deeply engraved first transverse groove, lying at basal fifth, and distinct middle transverse groove, lying slightly before middle; one oblique slightly granular line beginning in middle of each lateral carina, then ending in middle of posterior margin. Anterior femur armed with 7���9 small spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 9���11 small spines on ventroanterior margin; posterior femur with 22���26 anterior and 4���6 subapical posterior spines on ventral margins. Anterior tibiae only with 1 dorsal spine and 1 ventral apical spine on posterior margin, and 3 ventral spines as well as 1 ventral apical spine on anterior margin; median tibiae also only with 1 dorsal apical spine and 1 ventral apical spine on posterior margin, and 3���5 ventral spines as well as 1 ventral apical spine on anterior margin; posterior tibiae with 23���25 anterior and 27���30 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with three oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein. Left stridulatory area with posterior margin distinctly obtusely angular, greatest width between CuM vein and posterior margin rather small, about 4.8���5.0 millimeters (Fig. 34). Stridulatory vein (Figs. 42, 46) short, with sinuate stridulatory file composed of about 55 large teeth of approximately equal size, among which 27 teeth at apical half are widely spaced, and remaining 28 teeth are sparsely arranged from middle to base. Right stridulatory area with distinct irregular quadrangular mirror (Fig. 35). Epiproct sharp triangular. Cerci robust, bifurcate at apical fourth, dorsal one conical, produced inwards and upwards, with apex rounded; ventral one produced and horizontally inwards, abruptly tapering into a long slightly upcurved sharp spine (Fig. 58). Subgenital plate wider than long, with distinct middle carina; apical margin with a wide triangular notch at middle; styli small, slightly longer than notch (Fig. 53). Unpaired lower sclerite of phallus with upper arm slightly longer than sheet-like lower one, notch between lower lateral sclerite roundly narrow angular with shaping angle of more than 90 degree (Fig. 63). Female unknown. Color: Green, just compound eyes, spines of internal cercal fork and sclerites of genitalia brown. Measurements of male (mm): Length of body 30.0���32.5; length of pronotum 9.5���11.0; length of tegmen 56.0���58.1; width of tegmen 22.0���23.0; greatest width of tegminal dorsal part 4.8���5.0; length of hind wing 59.9���62.0; length of anterior femur 8.5; length of middle femur 11.9; length of posterior femur 26.5���27.0. Discussion: P. parasinica is distinctly distinguished from P. s i n i c a by tegminal R vein possessing 3 branches except Rs, the shape of posterior margin of male stridulatory apparatus, the width of tegminal dorsal part, shape and number of stridulatory teeth of male stridulatory file, and details of male cerci and internal genitalia. Distribution: China: Fujian: Wuyishan Mt., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2009, A new genus, Paraxantia gen. nov., with descriptions of four new species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China, pp. 36-52 in Zootaxa 2031 on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186270

Paraxantia parasinica sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 34, 35, 42, 46, 49, 53, 58, 63) Holotype. male, at light, no. 1344462, China: Fujian Province: Jiangle, Longqishan Mt., 11.v. 1991, Coll. Huang Chunmei (IZAS). Paratype. 2 males, at light, no. 1344463–1344464, China: Fujian Province: Jiangle, Longqishan Mt., 11.v. 1991, Coll. Yao Jian (IZAS). Description: Male (holotype). Size distinctly large for typical phaneropterine and distinctly smaller than Paraxantia tibetensis. Pronotal disk (Figs. 10, 14) with deeply engraved first transverse groove, lying at basal fifth, and distinct middle transverse groove, lying slightly before middle; one oblique slightly granular line beginning in middle of each lateral carina, then ending in middle of posterior margin. Anterior femur armed with 7–9 small spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 9–11 small spines on ventroanterior margin; posterior femur with 22–26 anterior and 4–6 subapical posterior spines on ventral margins. Anterior tibiae only with 1 dorsal spine and 1 ventral apical spine on posterior margin, and 3 ventral spines as well as 1 ventral apical spine on anterior margin; median tibiae also only with 1 dorsal apical spine and 1 ventral apical spine on posterior margin, and 3–5 ventral spines as well as 1 ventral apical spine on anterior margin; posterior tibiae with 23–25 anterior and 27–30 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with three oblique branches reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein. Left stridulatory area with posterior margin distinctly obtusely angular, greatest width between CuM vein and posterior margin rather small, about 4.8–5.0 millimeters (Fig. 34). Stridulatory vein (Figs. 42, 46) short, with sinuate stridulatory file composed of about 55 large teeth of approximately equal size, among which 27 teeth at apical half are widely spaced, and remaining 28 teeth are sparsely arranged from middle to base. Right stridulatory area with distinct irregular quadrangular mirror (Fig. 35). Epiproct sharp triangular. Cerci robust, bifurcate at apical fourth, dorsal one conical, produced inwards and upwards, with apex rounded; ventral one produced and horizontally inwards, abruptly tapering into a long slightly upcurved sharp spine (Fig. 58). Subgenital plate wider than long, with distinct middle carina; apical margin with a wide triangular notch at middle; styli small, slightly longer than notch (Fig. 53). Unpaired lower sclerite of phallus with upper arm slightly longer than sheet-like lower one, notch between lower lateral sclerite roundly narrow angular with shaping angle of more than 90 degree (Fig. 63). Female unknown. Color: Green, just compound eyes, spines of internal cercal fork and sclerites of genitalia brown. Measurements of male (mm): Length of body 30.0–32.5; length of pronotum 9.5–11.0; length of tegmen 56.0–58.1; width of tegmen 22.0–23.0; greatest width of tegminal dorsal part 4.8–5.0; length of hind wing 59.9–62.0; length of anterior femur 8.5; length of middle femur 11.9; length of posterior femur 26.5–27.0. Discussion: P. parasinica is distinctly distinguished from P. s i n i c a by tegminal R vein possessing 3 branches except Rs, the shape of posterior margin of male stridulatory apparatus, the width of tegminal dorsal part, shape and number of stridulatory teeth of male stridulatory file, and details of male cerci and internal genitalia. Distribution: China: Fujian: Wuyishan Mt.

Paraxantia hubeiensis Liu & Kang sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 23, 32, 33, 41, 45, 52, 57, 62) Holotype: male, CHINA: Hubei: Hefeng, Fenshuiling Forestry Spot, 1200m, 30.v. 1989, no. 1344465, Coll. Sun Baowen (IZAS). Description: Male (holotype). Size distinctly large for typical phaneropterine insects, and distinctly smaller than Paraxantia tibetensis. Pronotal disk (Figs. 8, 13) with deeply engraved first transverse groove, lying at basal fifth, and distinct middle transverse groove, lying slightly before middle; one oblique slightly granular line beginning in middle of each lateral carina, then ending in middle of posterior margin. Anterior femur armed with 6–8 small spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femur armed with 7–10 small spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 24–26 anterior and 0–2 subapical posterior spines on ventral margins. Anterior tibiae only with 1 dorsal spine and 1 ventral apical spine on posterior margin, and 4 ventral spines as well as 1 ventral apical spine on anterior margin; median tibiae also only with 1 dorsal spine and 1 ventral apical spine on posterior margin, and 4–5 ventral spines as well as 1 ventral apical spine on anterior margin; posterior tibiae with 23 anterior and 23–24 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: Wings developed well. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur. Radial vein of tegmen with one oblique branch reaching posterior margin after radial sector vein. Left stridulatory area (Fig. 32) with posterior margin slightly sharply angular, greatest width between CuM vein and posterior margin rather large, about 5.5 millimeters. Stridulatory vein (Figs. 41, 45) rather long, with camber fine stridulatory file composed of about 73 widely arranged teeth, among which 22 widely arranged large teeth occupying middle third part, remaining teeth gradually becoming smaller towards both ends. Right stridulatory area with distinct irregular quadrangular mirror (Fig. 33). Epiproct sharp triangular. Cerci robust, bifurcate at apical fourth, dorsal one conical, produced inwards and upwards, with apex rounded; ventral one produced and horizontally inwards, abruptly tapering into a long sharp spine (Fig. 57). Subgenital plate wider than long, with distinct middle carina; apical margin with a wide triangular notch at middle; styli small, just slightly longer than notch (Fig. 52). unpaired lower sclerite of phallus with distinct shorter upper arm than sheet-like spinous lower one, notch between lower lateral arm sharply angular (Fig. 62). Female unknown. Color: Green, just compound eyes, tip of tibial spines, spines of internal cercal fork and sclerites of genitalia brown. Measurements of male (mm): Length of body 31.2; length of pronotum 8.1; length of tegmen 60.1; width of tegmen 20.8; greatest width of tegminal dorsal part 5.5; length of hind wing 65.9; length of anterior femur 7.1; length of middle femur 10.9; length of posterior femur 26.5. Etymology: The name shows the type locality. Discussion: The new species resembles Paraxantia sinica (Liu, 1993) in the general view, including the structure of head, common characteristics of pronotum, wings, legs and abdominal apex in Paraxantia. These two species just differ in details of stridulatory area of tegmen, and male abdominal apex. Paraxantia hubeiensis differs from P. s i n e n s i s by obtusely angular stridulatory area, stridulatory file, cerci and genitalia. Distribution: China: Hubei: Hefeng.

3. Conversifastigia gressitti sp. nov. (Figs. 9���11) Holotype: female, CHINA: Kwangtung Province: Lung-tau shan Mt., Summit, 1200m, Kukong District, 8.vi. 1947, Coll. Gressitt and Tslam (IEAS). Description: Female (holotype). Size moderate for typical phaneropterine insects. Pronotum: pronotal disc with distinct middle transverse groove V-shaped, lying in middle, also with an elongate middle line throughout; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin obtuse rounded (Fig. 11); lateral lobe of pronotum much as high as long, with anterior margin straight, posterior margin widely rounded, and ventral margin rounded (Fig. 10). Legs: Anterior femora armed with 6���7 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femora with 8 spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 14 anterior and 7���10 posterior ventral margins. Anterior tibiae with 4 anterior and 2 posterior anterior spine; median tibiae with 5 anterior and 11 posterior spines; posterior tibiae with 30 anterior and 20 posterior dorsal spines. Tegmen: radial vein also without another oblique branches after radial sector vein. Wings developed well. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur, apex of tegmen rounded. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tenth abdominal tergum with dorsal central surface slightly concave, apex wide truncated. Epiproct obtuse triangular. Ovipositor rather wide, of moderate length. Subgenital plate wide triangular, apex obtuse (Fig. 36). Male unknown. Color: Overall color brown. Compound eyes brown. Dorsal portion of each tegmen marked with a large ochreous transverse stripe. Measurements of female (mm). Length of body: 24.0; length of pronotum: 5.5; width of pronotum: 3.6; length of tegmen: 33.5; largest width of tegmen: 11.0; length of hind wing: 37.0; length of anterior femur: 8.5; length of anterior tibiae: 10.0; length of mid femur: 10.8; length of mid tibiae: 12.5; length of posterior femur: 24.5; length of posterior tibiae: 28.5; length of ovipositor: 10.0; width of ovipositor: 3.5. Etymology: The new species is named for one of the collectors, Dr J. Linsley Gressitt, former head of the Dept of Entomology, Bishop Museum, Honolulu who was born in China and made many studies of Chinese insects. Discussion: The new species resembles species of Qinlingea Liu & Kang, 2007 in the shape and texture of tegmen, but differs from it and other species in the Phaneropterinae by the large head, the relative small compound eyes, the shape of fastigium frontis, the tegminal structure and details of female abdominal apex. Distribution: China: Guangdong Province., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2008, Two new genera with descriptions of three new species of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China, pp. 47-56 in Zootaxa 1830 on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183185

1. Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (Figs. 1—5, 12, 14, 16, 18—19, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30–32, 34) Holotype: female, at light, CHINA: Hainan Island: Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, 800m, 4.v. 2007, Coll. Zhang dong, Liu Chunxiang (IZAS). PLATE I, head. Figs. 1–3, female of Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 4–5, male of Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (paratype from Bawangling Nature in Hainan Island); Figs. 6–8, male of Parapelerinus emarginatus sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 9–11, female of Conversifastigia gressitti sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 1, 4, 7, 9, head in caudical view; Figs. 2, 5, 8, 10, head in lateral view; Figs 3, 6, 11, head in dorsal view. (scale = 1 mm). Paratype: 1 male, 1 female, at light, same data as in holotype, but xi. 2007, Coll. Zhu Xiaoyu (IZAS); 2 males, at light, China: Hainan Island: Bawangling Nature Reserve, 1100m, 15.v. 2007, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 2 males, same data as in holotype, but vi. 2003, Coll. Gao Yong (IZAS); 1 male, China: Guangxi: Damingshan Mt., Tianping, 9.x. 1990, Coll. Li Tianshan (IEAS). Description: Female (holotype). Size slightly small for typical phaneropterine katydids. Pronotal disc with distinct middle transverse groove V-shaped, lying in middle, also with an elongate middle line throughout; posterior margin slightly emarginate; lateral lobe of pronotum much higher than long, with anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin widely rounded, and ventral margin right-angled rounded (Figs. 1–3). Legs (Figs. 12, 14, 16): Anterior femora armed with 4 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femora with 7 spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 11 anterior and 6 posterior ventral margins. Anterior tibiae without or with 1 dorso-anterior spine; median tibiae with 1–3 dorso-internal spines; posterior tibiae with 27 internal and 29 external dorsal spines. Tegmen: radial vein also with one oblique branches after radial sector vein. Wings developed well. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur, apex of tegmen rounded. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tenth abdominal tergum not modified, with apex truncate. Epiproct tongueshaped. Cerci short, small, conical. Subgenital plate long, divided into two sharp lobes from apical half, with lateral margin not constricted towards apex; with a middle elongate groove in ventral view (Fig. 30). Male. Stridulatory file cambered, with about 70 regularly sparsely arranged teeth, which are gradually becoming smaller from center towards both ends (Fig. 22). Right stridulatory area with distinct triangular mirror (Fig. 19). Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin truncated. Epiproct wide triangular, with lateral margin straight, apex obtuse. Cerci incurved, gradually tapering, apex with interior margin strongly contracted towards tip (Fig. 24). Male subgenital plate elongate, groove-shaped; gradually constricted to approximately truncated, slightly sinuate apex (Figs. 22, 34). Inner genitalia strongly sclerotized, deeply split from basal third into two face-to-face systematrical sclerites, which widened and bearing an obtuse dorsal tooth in middle, and apical part deflexed with spine-like apex (Figs. 26, 28, 32). Color: Overall color light green in female, deep green in male. Eyes brown with a white stripe extending from lateral margin of both occiput and pronotum. Basal portion of male stridulatory apparatus with a large ochreous spot on each tegmen, a black spot present at base of media-anal vein on female tegmen. Sclerites of concealed genitalia, apex of male cerci, and apex of ovipositor brown. Measurements (mm): Length of body: male 21.5, female 25.8; length of pronotum: male 5.6, female 5.6; basal width of pronotum: male 3.2, female3.3; distal width of pronotum: male 3.6, female 4.0; length of tegmen: male 34.4, female 35.2; largest width of tegmen: male 8.8, female 9.2; length of anterior femur: male 5.1, female 5.7; length of anterior tibiae: male 7.8, female 8.3; length of mid femur: male 7.5, female 7.7; length of mid tibiae: male 9.1, female 9.7; length of posterior femur: male 18.4, female 19.4; length of posterior tibiae: male 19.6, female 23.0; length of ovipositor 8.5; greatest basal width of ovipositor 2.5; middle width of ovipositor 0.9. Etymology: The new species is named for the distinct shape of the ovipositor. Discussion: The new species resembles species of Pelerinus Bolivar in the shape of head, lateral lobe of pronotum and tegmen, but distinguished from the latter by the shape of the genicular lobe, structure of male apex including tenth abdominal tergum and concealed sclerotized genitalia, and details of female apex. Distribution: China: Hainan Island; Guangxi Province.

1. Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (Figs. 1���5, 12, 14, 16, 18���19, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30���32, 34) Holotype: female, at light, CHINA: Hainan Island: Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, 800m, 4.v. 2007, Coll. Zhang dong, Liu Chunxiang (IZAS). PLATE I, head. Figs. 1���3, female of Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 4���5, male of Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (paratype from Bawangling Nature in Hainan Island); Figs. 6���8, male of Parapelerinus emarginatus sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 9���11, female of Conversifastigia gressitti sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 1, 4, 7, 9, head in caudical view; Figs. 2, 5, 8, 10, head in lateral view; Figs 3, 6, 11, head in dorsal view. (scale = 1 mm). Paratype: 1 male, 1 female, at light, same data as in holotype, but xi. 2007, Coll. Zhu Xiaoyu (IZAS); 2 males, at light, China: Hainan Island: Bawangling Nature Reserve, 1100m, 15.v. 2007, Coll. Liu Chunxiang (IZAS); 2 males, same data as in holotype, but vi. 2003, Coll. Gao Yong (IZAS); 1 male, China: Guangxi: Damingshan Mt., Tianping, 9.x. 1990, Coll. Li Tianshan (IEAS). Description: Female (holotype). Size slightly small for typical phaneropterine katydids. Pronotal disc with distinct middle transverse groove V-shaped, lying in middle, also with an elongate middle line throughout; posterior margin slightly emarginate; lateral lobe of pronotum much higher than long, with anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin widely rounded, and ventral margin right-angled rounded (Figs. 1���3). Legs (Figs. 12, 14, 16): Anterior femora armed with 4 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femora with 7 spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 11 anterior and 6 posterior ventral margins. Anterior tibiae without or with 1 dorso-anterior spine; median tibiae with 1���3 dorso-internal spines; posterior tibiae with 27 internal and 29 external dorsal spines. Tegmen: radial vein also with one oblique branches after radial sector vein. Wings developed well. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur, apex of tegmen rounded. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Tenth abdominal tergum not modified, with apex truncate. Epiproct tongueshaped. Cerci short, small, conical. Subgenital plate long, divided into two sharp lobes from apical half, with lateral margin not constricted towards apex; with a middle elongate groove in ventral view (Fig. 30). Male. Stridulatory file cambered, with about 70 regularly sparsely arranged teeth, which are gradually becoming smaller from center towards both ends (Fig. 22). Right stridulatory area with distinct triangular mirror (Fig. 19). Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin truncated. Epiproct wide triangular, with lateral margin straight, apex obtuse. Cerci incurved, gradually tapering, apex with interior margin strongly contracted towards tip (Fig. 24). Male subgenital plate elongate, groove-shaped; gradually constricted to approximately truncated, slightly sinuate apex (Figs. 22, 34). Inner genitalia strongly sclerotized, deeply split from basal third into two face-to-face systematrical sclerites, which widened and bearing an obtuse dorsal tooth in middle, and apical part deflexed with spine-like apex (Figs. 26, 28, 32). Color: Overall color light green in female, deep green in male. Eyes brown with a white stripe extending from lateral margin of both occiput and pronotum. Basal portion of male stridulatory apparatus with a large ochreous spot on each tegmen, a black spot present at base of media-anal vein on female tegmen. Sclerites of concealed genitalia, apex of male cerci, and apex of ovipositor brown. Measurements (mm): Length of body: male 21.5, female 25.8; length of pronotum: male 5.6, female 5.6; basal width of pronotum: male 3.2, female3.3; distal width of pronotum: male 3.6, female 4.0; length of tegmen: male 34.4, female 35.2; largest width of tegmen: male 8.8, female 9.2; length of anterior femur: male 5.1, female 5.7; length of anterior tibiae: male 7.8, female 8.3; length of mid femur: male 7.5, female 7.7; length of mid tibiae: male 9.1, female 9.7; length of posterior femur: male 18.4, female 19.4; length of posterior tibiae: male 19.6, female 23.0; length of ovipositor 8.5; greatest basal width of ovipositor 2.5; middle width of ovipositor 0.9. Etymology: The new species is named for the distinct shape of the ovipositor. Discussion: The new species resembles species of Pelerinus Bolivar in the shape of head, lateral lobe of pronotum and tegmen, but distinguished from the latter by the shape of the genicular lobe, structure of male apex including tenth abdominal tergum and concealed sclerotized genitalia, and details of female apex. Distribution: China: Hainan Island; Guangxi Province., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2008, Two new genera with descriptions of three new species of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China, pp. 47-56 in Zootaxa 1830 on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183185

2. Parapelerinus emarginatus sp. nov. (Figs. 6���8, 20 ��� 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 33, 35) Holotype: male, at light, CHINA: Fujian Province: Wuyishan Mt., Wuyishan Nature Reserve, Sangang Reserve Station, 15.viii. 2007, Coll. Ding Liang (IZAS). PLATE II, leg. Figs. 12, 14, 16, female of Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 13, 15, 17, female of Conversifastigia gressitti sp. nov. (holotype). Figs. 12, 13, anterior leg (including part of femur and tibia) in lateral view; Fig. 14, median femur in lateral view; Fig. 15, median leg (including part of femur and tibia) in lateral view; Fig. 16, posterior femur in lateral view; Fig. 17, posterior leg (including part of femur and tibia) in lateral view. (scale = 1 mm) Description: Male (holotype). Size slightly smaller than for typical phaneropterines. Pronotal disc with distinctive median transverse groove, V-shaped, and with an elongate middle stripe throughout; posterior margin of disc slightly emarginated; lateral lobe much higher than long, with anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin widely rounded, and ventral margin obtusely angularly rounded (Figs. 6���8). Legs: Anterior femora armed with 5 spines on ventro-anterior margin; median femora with 4 spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with 9 anterior and 9 posterior ventral margins. Anterior tibiae without dorso-anterior spines; median tibiae with 2 dorso-internal spines; posterior tibiae with 24 internal and 24 external dorsal spines. Tegmen: radial vein also with one oblique branches after radial sector vein. Wings developed well. Tegmen extending beyond apex of hind femur, apex of tegmen rounded. Hind wing longer than tegmen. Stridulatory file cambered, with about 73 regularly sparsely arranged teeth, which are gradually becoming smaller from center towards both ends (Fig. 23). Right stridulatory area with distinct triangular mirror (Fig. 21). Tenth abdominal tergum with apical margin truncate. Epiproct broadly triangular, with lateral margin straight, apex obtuse. Cerci equably incurved, gradually tapering, apex with interior margin gradually contracted into a long spine (Fig. 25). Male subgenital plate elongate, groove-shaped; gradually constricted to distinctly notched apex (Fig. 35). Inner genitalia strongly sclerotized, split from apical third into two slightly face-to-face systematrical sclerites, which widened in middle, and apical part deflexed with spine-like apex (Figs. 27, 29). Female unknown. Color: Overall color deep green. Compound eyes brown. Basal portion of male stridulatory apparatus with a large ochreous spot, this spot present on the other tegmen as well. Sclerites of concealed genitalia and apex of male cerci brown. PLATE III, stridulatory area of the genus Parapelerinus gen. nov.. Figs. 18, 19, 22, male of Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (paratype from Bawangling Nature in Hainan Island); Figs. 20, 21, 23, male of Parapelerinus emarginatus sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 18, 20, male stridulatory area on left tegmen; Figs. 19, 21, male stridulatory area on right tegmen; Figs, 22, 23, male stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen. (scale = 1 mm) PLATE IV, male abdominal apex of the genus Parapelerinus gen. nov.. Figs. 24, 26, 28, male of Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (paratype from Bawangling Nature in Hainan Island); Figs. 25, 27, 29, male of Parapelerinus emarginatus sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 24, 25, male abdominal apex in dorsal view (as well as including apex of male cerci in enlarged view); Figs. 26, 27, male abdominal apex in lateral view; Figs. 28, 29, male internal genitalia in enlarged lateral view. (scale = 1 mm) Measurements of male (mm): Length of body: 24.0; length of pronotum: 4.5; basal width of pronotum: 2.8; distal width of pronotum: 3.3; length of tegmen: 33.5; largest width of tegmen: 8.6; length of anterior femur: 5.5; length of anterior tibiae: 6.8; length of mid femur: 6.4; length of mid tibiae: 8.6; length of posterior femur: 18.9; length of posterior tibiae: 21.8. Etymology: The new species is named for the distinct shape of male subgenital plate. Discussion: P. emarginatus differs from the type species in the shape of the male cerci, the male concealed genitalia and the male subgenital plate. There are minor differencs in the shape of the lateral lobe of pronotum and the spots on the male stridulatory apparatus. Distribution: China: Fujian Province., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2008, Two new genera with descriptions of three new species of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China, pp. 47-56 in Zootaxa 1830 on pages 50-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183185

Genus Conversifastigia gen. nov. (Figs. 9���11, 13, 15, 17, 36) Type species: Conversifastigia gressitti sp. nov., here designated. Diagnosis: Form robust. Head distinctly larger than normal for the Phaneropterinae (Figs. 9���11). Fastigium frontis inversely pyramidal. Fastigium verticis slightly narrower than first segment of antenna. Pronotum with surface of prozona smooth, without lateral carina. Tegmen translucent, slightly widened in middle, twice wider than length of pronotum; texture similar to that in Letana Walker, with an irregular network of veinlets between principal veins. Costa indistinct. Radical sector bifurcated. Anterior coxae armed; anterior tibiae with open tympanum on both sides (Fig. 13). Each femur with a lower spine and a middle tooth on genicular lobe (Figs. 13, 15, 17). Anterior and median femora with spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with spines on both ventral margins. Each tibia with dorsal spines on both sides (Figs. 13, 15, 17). Description: Head robust, ovoid, occiput convex and smooth. Fastigium verticis well-produced, strongly deflexed, dorsally sulcate, slightly narrower than first segment of antenna, with apex approximately rounded (Figs. 9, 11). Fastigium frontis inversely pyramidal, with dorsal apex truncated, separated from fastigium verticis by a rather deep gap (Fig. 9). Compound eye rather small, compared with robust head; semi-global, obliquely set, distinctly prominent, ventral margin extending slightly above ventral margin of antennal scrobe (Figs. 9���11). Antenna thread-like, long and flexible. Pronotum cylindrical, hardly widened backwards, with lateral margin rounded and without lateral carinae; disc of pronotum with prozona smooth, flat, and metazona slightly elevated; anterior margin approximately straight, and posterior margin obtuse rounded (Figs. 10���11). Lateral lobe of pronotum as high as long, with distinct humeral sinus (Figs. 10���11). Prosternum unarmed. Meso- and metasterna more or less transverse, their lobes rather small, rounded. Anterior coxae armed with a distinct sharp spine; anterior tibiae dorsally sulcate, with open tympanum on both sides; widened at and gradually constricted below tympana (Fig. 13). Tegmen translucent, with irregular veinlets; costa indistinct; subcostal vein and radial vein joined at base, then separated but closely abutted almost to apex; radical sector bifurcated slightly before middle of tegmen; apex of tegmen rounded. Female terminalia. Ovipositor rather wider than half of length of pronotum, sickle-shaped, slightly upcurved; lateral surface smooth, dorsal and ventral margins denticulate; apex rounded. Male unknown. Discussion: The new genus Conversifastigia is distinguished from other genera in the subfamily Phaneropterinae by the large head, inversely pyramidal fastigium frontis with truncated dorsal apex and tegminal structure. It resembles Letana Walker in the texture of tegmen, and Qinlingea Liu & Kang in the structure of the pronotum, tympana, and shape of the ovipositor, but it is difficult to infer its relationship with other genera due to the very different shape of the head. Etymology: Conversifastigia is derived from the Latin word conversus, and fastigum, which refers to the distinctive fastigum of the new genus; feminine gender. Distribution: China. PLATE V, male and female abdominal apex. Figs. 30, 31, female of Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 32, 34, male of Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov. (paratype from Bawangling Nature in Hainan Island); Figs. 33, 35, male of Parapelerinus emarginatus sp. nov. (holotype); Figs. 36, female of Conversifastigia gressitti sp. nov. (holotype); Fig. 30, female subgenital plate in ventral view; Figs. 31, 36, female abdominal apex in lateral view; Figs 32, 33, male internal genitalia in enlarged dorsal view; Figs 34, 35, male subgenital plate in ventral view. (scale = 1 mm), Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2008, Two new genera with descriptions of three new species of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China, pp. 47-56 in Zootaxa 1830 on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183185

Genus Parapelerinus gen. nov. Type species: Parapelerinus ensatus sp. nov., here designated. Diagnosis: Fastigium verticis narrower than first segment of antenna. Pronotal disc with surface of prozona smooth, without lateral carina. Tegmen slightly widened in middle, with radical sector bifurcated. Anterior coxae armed; anterior tibiae with open tympanum on both sides. Anterior femur with genicular lobe round, median and posterior femora each with a small spine on lower genicular lobe. Male tenth abdominal tergite normal, not produced. Male concealed genitalia with a pair of sclerites. Male subgenital plate without styli. Female ovipositor slender, sword-shaped, with dorsal and ventral margins smooth; apex pointed. Description: Head ovoid, occiput convex and smooth. Fastigium verticis well-produced, dorsally sulcate, distinctly narrower than first segment of antenna, with apex approximately rounded. Fastigium frontis inversely ovoid; dorsal apex slightly narrower than fastigium verticis, separated by a rather wide gap. Compound eye wide elliptical, obliquely set, greatly bulging, ventral margin extending slightly beyond ventral margin of antennal scrobe (Figs. 1���8). Pronotum slightly widened posteriorly; disc of pronotum with anterior portion slightly convex, posterior third flattened; anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin obtuse with a middle notch; pronotum with lateral margin rounded and without lateral carinae (Figs. 3, 6). Lateral lobe of pronotum much higher than long; humeral sinus distinct (Figs. 2, 5, 8). Prosternum unarmed. Meso- and metasterna more or less transverse, their lobes rather small, rounded. Anterior coxae armed with a small sharp spine; anterior tibiae dorsally sulcate, with open tympanum on both sides; widened at and abruptly constricted below tympana (Fig. 12). Anterior and median femora with spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with spines on both ventral margins. Anterior femur with genicular lobe round (Fig. 12), median and posterior femora each with a small spine on the lower genicular lobe (Figs. 14, 16). Anterior tibiae with or without dorsal spines on anterior margin; median tibiae with dorso-posterior spines; posterior tibiae with dorsal spines on both sides. Tegmen slightly translucent, with regular veinlets; costa indistinct; subcostal vein and radial vein joined at base, then separated but closely abutted together till before apical part of tegmen; radical sector bifurcated before middle of tegmen; apex of tegmen rounded. Male stridulatory area (Figs. 18���21) with posterior margin sinuate; male right stridulatory area with distinct triangular mirror (Figs. 19, 21). Male terminalia (Figs. 24���33). Tenth abdominal tergum normal, slightly concave in middle; apex broad truncated. Epiproct triangular, with apex obtuse. Cerci long, gradually tapering; apex pointed, various. Subgenital plate elongate, with or without emargination at the apex; without styli (Figs. 34, 35). Concealed genitalia with a pair of sclerites, species distinctive (Figs. 28���33). Female terminalia. Ovipositor sword-shaped, slender, with dorsal and ventral margins smooth; apex pointed (Fig. 31). Subgenital plate distinguished (Fig. 30). Discussion: The new genus resembles the genus Pelerinus Bolivar in the general features, including head, lateral lobe of pronotum, tympana, and wing, but differs in the structure of genicular lobes of each femur, the shape of the tegmen and hind wing, the shape of female ovipositor, and the male abdominal apex. The male stridulatory apparatus, and the male tenth abdominal apex except for the concealed genitalia, resemble the same structures in Arnobia St��l. This new genus differs from Arnobia in the structure of tympana on fore tibiae and the concealed sclerotized genitalia. Etymology: The name Parapelerinus is named suggesting its relationship with Pelerinus; masculine gen- der. Distribution: China., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2008, Two new genera with descriptions of three new species of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China, pp. 47-56 in Zootaxa 1830 on page 48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183185

Genus Tamdaopteron Gorochov, 2005 Tamdaopteron Gorochov, 2005. Far East Entomologist 148: 6. Type species: Tamdaopteron major Gorochov, 2005, Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2007, New taxa and records of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China, pp. 17-29 in Zootaxa 1624 on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179252, {"references":["Gorochov, A. V. (2005) New taxa of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from Vietnam. Far Eastern Entomologist, 148, 1 - 12."]}

Genus Qinlingea gen. nov. Type species: Isopsera brachystylata Liu & Wang, 1998 Diagnosis: Fastigium verticis slightly narrower than first segment of antenna. Surface of disc in prozona smooth, without lateral carina. Anterior coxae armed; with open tympanum on both sides. Each femur with one ventral spine and one dorsal spine on the genicular lobe. Tegmen widened in middle, with radical sector bifurcated. Male subgenital plate with robust styli. Ovipositor with margins somewhat crenulate. Description: Head ovoid, occiput convex and smooth (Figs. 31, 33); fastigium verticis (Fig. 32) dorsally sulcate, obtuse, slightly deflexed, not touching fastigium frontis; fastigium frontis inversely triangular, apex obtuse (Fig. 31). Compound eye semi-spherical, greatly bulging, venral margin less extending beyond ventral margin of antennal scrobe (Fig. 33). Antenna silk-like, long. Pronotum slightly constricted anteriorly (Fig. 35); anterior margin slightly concave in middle, posterior margin wide, obtuse (Fig. 35); disc in prozona smooth, and that in metazona flat (Fig. 35); lateral lobe of pronotum approximately slightly higher than long; humeral sinus distinct (Fig. 34). Anterior tibiae dorsally sulcate, widened at and gradually constricted below tympana. Anterior and median femora provided with spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with spines on both ventral margins. Anterior tibiae without dorsal spines except with one dorsal exterior apical spine; median tibiae with dorso-internal spines; posterior tibiae with dorsal spines on both sides. Tegmen translucent, with irregular veinlets. Costa indistinct; subcostal vein and radial vein joined at base, then separated but closely abutted together till before apical part of tegmen. Apex of tegmen rounded. Male tenth abdominal tergum normal; apical margin truncate. Female tenth abdominal tergum normal; apical margin slightly concave in middle. Female epiproct equilateral triangular; apex rounded. Discussion: Isopsera brachystylata Liu & Wang, 1998 was distinguished from other species of Isopsera by smooth disc of pronotum without distinct lateral carinae (Figs. 34���35), tegmen distinctly widened (Fig. 37), and male subgenital plate with much shorter styli (Figs. 36, 39). All above characters separate I. brachystylata from the genus Isopsera. In this study, we designate I. brachystylata the type species of Qinlingea. The new genus is distinguished from genera of the tribe Phaneropterini and Ducetiini by male subgenital plate possessing distinct styli. It is distinct from genera of Ducetiini by the pronotum having a distinct humeral sinus and the male stridulatory area not haveing secondary cross veinlets. It differs from Isopsera in the pronotum being without lateral carinae, the tegmina being rather wide, and the male subgenital plate having rather short styli. This genus resembles Ruidocollaris in the characteristics of leg spination, structures of the male abdominal apex and the male stridulatory area, but differs by the shape of tegmina and the tympanal organs. Distribution: China., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2007, New taxa and records of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China, pp. 17-29 in Zootaxa 1624 on pages 25-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179252, {"references":["Liu, X. & Wang Z. (1998) A survey of katydids from the Henan Province, China (Orthoptera). Henan Science 16 (1), 71."]}

Genus Qinlingea gen. nov. Type species: Isopsera brachystylata Liu & Wang, 1998 Diagnosis: Fastigium verticis slightly narrower than first segment of antenna. Surface of disc in prozona smooth, without lateral carina. Anterior coxae armed; with open tympanum on both sides. Each femur with one ventral spine and one dorsal spine on the genicular lobe. Tegmen widened in middle, with radical sector bifurcated. Male subgenital plate with robust styli. Ovipositor with margins somewhat crenulate. Description: Head ovoid, occiput convex and smooth (Figs. 31, 33); fastigium verticis (Fig. 32) dorsally sulcate, obtuse, slightly deflexed, not touching fastigium frontis; fastigium frontis inversely triangular, apex obtuse (Fig. 31). Compound eye semi-spherical, greatly bulging, venral margin less extending beyond ventral margin of antennal scrobe (Fig. 33). Antenna silk-like, long. Pronotum slightly constricted anteriorly (Fig. 35); anterior margin slightly concave in middle, posterior margin wide, obtuse (Fig. 35); disc in prozona smooth, and that in metazona flat (Fig. 35); lateral lobe of pronotum approximately slightly higher than long; humeral sinus distinct (Fig. 34). Anterior tibiae dorsally sulcate, widened at and gradually constricted below tympana. Anterior and median femora provided with spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with spines on both ventral margins. Anterior tibiae without dorsal spines except with one dorsal exterior apical spine; median tibiae with dorso-internal spines; posterior tibiae with dorsal spines on both sides. Tegmen translucent, with irregular veinlets. Costa indistinct; subcostal vein and radial vein joined at base, then separated but closely abutted together till before apical part of tegmen. Apex of tegmen rounded. Male tenth abdominal tergum normal; apical margin truncate. Female tenth abdominal tergum normal; apical margin slightly concave in middle. Female epiproct equilateral triangular; apex rounded. Discussion: Isopsera brachystylata Liu & Wang, 1998 was distinguished from other species of Isopsera by smooth disc of pronotum without distinct lateral carinae (Figs. 34–35), tegmen distinctly widened (Fig. 37), and male subgenital plate with much shorter styli (Figs. 36, 39). All above characters separate I. brachystylata from the genus Isopsera. In this study, we designate I. brachystylata the type species of Qinlingea. The new genus is distinguished from genera of the tribe Phaneropterini and Ducetiini by male subgenital plate possessing distinct styli. It is distinct from genera of Ducetiini by the pronotum having a distinct humeral sinus and the male stridulatory area not haveing secondary cross veinlets. It differs from Isopsera in the pronotum being without lateral carinae, the tegmina being rather wide, and the male subgenital plate having rather short styli. This genus resembles Ruidocollaris in the characteristics of leg spination, structures of the male abdominal apex and the male stridulatory area, but differs by the shape of tegmina and the tympanal organs. Distribution: China.

Genus Semicarinata gen. nov. Type species: Semicarinata colorata sp. nov. Diagnosis: The new genus is distinguished from other genera by the following characteristics: pronotum strongly constricted forward; anterior third part of disc of pronotum convex; median third flat; posterior third abruptly elevated, slightly concave and approximately flat; pronotum with lateral margin rounded, without lateral carinae in prozona; with distinct outspreading lateral carinae in metazona (Figs. 3 ���4, 14��� 15). Description: Head ovoid, occiput convex and smooth. Fastigium verticis well-produced, dorsally sulcate, approximately as wide as first segment of antenna, with apex approximately truncate, extending slightly above internal margin of antennal sockets (Figs. 1, 10��� 11). Fastigium frontis inversely ovoid, its dorsal apex slightly narrower than fastigium verticis, separated by a narrow gap. Compound eye semi-spherical, greatly bulging, ventral margin extending slightly beyond ventral margin of antennal scrobe (Figs. 1 ���2, 10��� 12). Antenna thread-like, long and flexible. Pronotum strongly constricted forward; disc of pronotum with anterior part convex, median third flat, posterior third abruptly elevated, slightly concave and flattened; anterior margin approximately straight, posterior margin obtuse; pronotum with lateral margin rounded and without lateral carinae in prozona; with distinct outspreading lateral carinae in metazona. Lateral lobe of pronotum much higher than long; humeral sinus distinct. Tegmen slightly translucent, with regular veinlets; costa distinct; subcostal vein and radial vein joined at base, then separated but closely abutted together till before apical part of tegmen; radical sector bifurcated; apex of tegmen rounded (Fig. 9). Male stridulatory area (Figs. 5 ���8, 16) with posterior margin straight; male right stridulatory area with mirror. Anterior coxae armed with a sharp spine; anterior tibiae dorsally sulcate, with open tympanum on both sides; widened at and abruptly constricted below tympana. Anterior and median femora with spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femur with spines on both ventral margins. Each femur with one ventral spine and one dorsal spine on genicular lobe. Anterior tibiae without dorsal spines; median tibiae with dorso-posterior spines; posterior tibiae with dorsal spines on both sides. Male terminalia. Tenth abdominal tergum slightly concave in middle; apex broad truncated. Subgenital plate elongate, with angular notch at the apex; styli very long. Female unknown. Discussion: The new genus resembles Caedicia St��l in the shape of head, but differs by the latter having the pronotum not strongly constricted forwards and the male subgenital plate with styli much shorter than third the length of subgenital plate. The male abdominal apex resembles the condition in the genus Isopsera. It differs from the latter by the shape of head and pronotum. Differences from other Chinese genera with both open tympana are listed in the above key. The systematic position of the genera within Phaneropterinae may be clarified after more phylogenetic research. Etymology: The name Semicarinata is composed of the prefix Semi-, meaning half, and the word carinatus. The name refers to the distinct shape of lateral margin of pronotal disc. The name is regarded as feminine in gender. Distribution: China., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2007, New taxa and records of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China, pp. 17-29 in Zootaxa 1624 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179252

3. Qinlingea brachystylata (Liu & Wang) comb. nov. (Figs. 22 ���24, 31��� 41) Isopsera brachystylata Liu & Wang, 1998. Henan Science, 16 (1): 71. Holotype: male, China: Henan Prov. (MISE, Shanghai). Additional description: Male. Stridulatory file cambered, with about 99 teeth, becoming smaller towards both apices; basal half with closely arranged 45 indistinct teeth, apical half with 54 comparatively distinct teeth gradually (Fig. 38). Male stridulatory area of right tegmen with indistinct mirror occupied by many irregular veinlets (Figs. 24). Measurements (mm): Length of body: male 21.0���25.0, female 21.0���27.0; length of pronotum: male 4.2��� 4.5, female 4.5���4.8; width of pronotum: male 3.0, female 4.0; length of tegmen: male 28.0���30.0, female 26.0��� 30.0; largest width of tegmen: male 7.5, female 7.5���8.5; length of anterior femur: male 7.0, female 6.5; length of anterior tibiae: male 8.5, female 8.5; length of mid femur: male 10.5, female 9.0; length of mid tibiae: male 10.5, female 10.0; length of posterior femur: male 19.0��� 22.5, female 19.0���22.0; length of posterior tibiae: male 29.5, female 23.5; length of ovipositor 7.5���8.5; greatest width of ovipositor 3.5. Material examined: CHINA: Shaanxi Prov.: Nanwutai, 5 males, 9 females, viii. 1957, Coll. Cai Xili, Zhang Zhide, Xiong Yulan (NWAU); CHINA: Henan Prov.: Neixiang, Baoxiangman, 1500 m, 2 males, 5 females, 13. viii. 1985, Coll. Zhang Xiujiang etc. (IEAS); CHINA: Henan Prov.: Lushi, Qihe Forestry Plantation, 1500���1600 m, 5 males, 1 females, 24.ix. 1985, Coll. Zhang Xiujiang etc. (IEAS); CHINA: Henan Prov.: Lingbao, Hexi Forestry Plantation, 1500���2800 m, 2 females, 14.viii. 1987, Coll. Zhang Xiujiang etc. (IEAS). Distribution: China: Shaanxi Province (Nanwutai), Henan Province (Neixiang, Lingbao)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2007, New taxa and records of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China, pp. 17-29 in Zootaxa 1624 on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179252, {"references":["Liu, X. & Wang Z. (1998) A survey of katydids from the Henan Province, China (Orthoptera). Henan Science 16 (1), 71."]}