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Dmitriev, D. A. (2008): New and little known species of Erasmoneura Young (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). Zootaxa 1851 (1): 65-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1851.1.6, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1851.1.6

Erasmoneura latiloba sp. n. (Figs. 2, 3) Description: Body size (male, female): 2.4–2.5 mm. Coloration (male, female): Dorsum entirely reddish brownish, without color pattern. Anteclypeus dark brown. Thoracic venter entirely dark brown. Head (male, female): Crown fore margin strongly produced and angulate medially. Abdomen (male): 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, reaching 3S posterior margin. Genitalia (male): Pygofer lobe rounded; dorsal appendage with distinct basal suture, but not movably articulated, simple, not extended beyond pygofer apex, straight in dorsal view, curved downward in lateral view. Style apex threepointed, second point very short, tooth like; third point elongate, about as long or longer than distance between other two points; angle between basal and third points less than 90°. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than shaft; shaft curved ventrally, broad in lateral view; depressed in crossection, with large lateral lobes, with small dorsal distal lobe; ventral processes absent; distal processes long, apical, slender. Type locality: Holotype ♂, USA, South Carolina, Aiken Co., Aiken, 12 V 1957 (J. R.U.), (CNC). Studied material: Paratypes: 3 ♂, 7 ♀, same data as holotype, (CNC); 1♂, 1♀, same data, (INHS). Host plant: Unknown. Note: The species name refers to the broad lobes on the sides of the aedeagal shaft. Like E. rubricata Van Duzee and E. margaritae Dmitriev & Dietrich, this species has a broad and depressed aedeagal shaft. It differs in longer distal processes of the aedeagus and smaller size., Published as part of Dmitriev, D. A., 2008, New and little known species of Erasmoneura Young (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae), pp. 65-68 in Zootaxa 1851 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1851.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5133075

Key to the males of the genus Erasmoneura Young 1. Pygofer with dorsal appendage bifurcate. Aedeagus without distal processes................................................... 2 1'. Pygofer with dorsal appendage not bifurcate. Aedeagus with distal processes.................................................. 4 2(1). Pygofer dorsal appendage bifurcate far from base, branches very short; dorsal branch slightly curved upward.. .................................................................................................................................................... E. vulnerata Fitch 2'. Pygofer dorsal appendage bifurcate closer to base, branches longer than basal part of appendage; dorsal branch straight or curved downward............................................................................................................................... 3 3(2). Branches of pygofer appendage subequal in length............................................................... E. fulmina McAtee 3'. Dorsal branch of pygofer appendage about twice as long as ventral.................................... E. variabilis Beamer 4(1). Aedeagus with ventral processes..................................................................................... E. bipentagona Beamer 4'. Aedeagus without ventral processes.................................................................................................................... 5 5(4). Third point of style apex shorter than half distance between other two points........................... E. nigra Gillette 5'. Third point of style apex longer than half distance between other two points.................................................... 6 6(5). Third point of style apex more than 2X longer than distance between other two points..... E. nigerrima McAtee 6'. Third point of style apex as long as or only slightly longer than distance between other two points................. 7 7(6). Ground color of dorsum dark brown or black..................................................................................................... 8 7'. Ground color of dorsum yellow, reddish, or light brown.................................................................................... 9 8(7). Distal processes of aedeagus longer than dorsal distal lobe. Dorsum with pale spots................. E. atra Johnson 8'. Distal processes of aedeagus not longer than dorsal distal lobe. Dorsum without pale spots................................ ................................................................................................................................................... E. caerula Beamer 9(7). Aedeagal shaft depressed in cross-section, broad in ventral view..................................................................... 10 9'. Aedeagal shaft round in cross-section, slender in ventral view......................................................................... 12 10(9). Distal processes of aedeagus extended to or laterad of widest part of shaft in ventral view; dorsal distal lobe very short; preatrium longer than aedeagal shaft...................................................................................................... 11 10'. Distal processes of aedeagus not extended laterad of widest part of shaft in ventral view; dorsal distal lobe longer; preatrium not longer than aedeagal shaft.......................................... E. margaritae Dmitriev & Dietrich 11(10). Aedeagal shaft straight in lateral view, distal processes shorter, not more than 3X as long as wide in lateral view. Vertex pale; forewing yellow or pink.............................................................................. E. rubricata Van Duzee 11'. Aedeagal shaft curved ventrally in lateral view, distal processes longer, more than 3X as long as wide in lateral view. Vertex and forewing reddish brown.................................................................................. E. latiloba sp. n. 12(9). Aedeagal shaft curved dorsally in lateral view; dorsal distal lobe longer than distal processes............................ ......................................................................................................................... E. emeljanovi Dmitriev & Dietrich 12'. Aedeagal shaft curved ventrally in lateral view; dorsal distal lobe not longer than distal processes...................... ...................................................................................................................................................... E. mixta Beamer, Published as part of Dmitriev, D. A., 2008, New and little known species of Erasmoneura Young (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae), pp. 65-68 in Zootaxa 1851 (1) on pages 67-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1851.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5133075

Neozygina retrorsa n. sp. (Figs. 1X, 4N–P) Diagnosis. Length of male 2.9 mm, female 3.1 mm. Closely resembling N. argentiniensis, but differing as follows: male pygofer (Fig. 4N) with ventral spine more elongate, strongly curved dorsad and only slightly mesad; aedeagus (Figs. 4O, P) without basal processes, shaft very narrowly U-shaped in lateral view, apex in posterior view with pair of short forcipate distal processes and pair of retrorse lateral preapical spines, sinuate in lateral view. Material examined. Holotype male, ECUADOR, Orellana, Transect Ent. 1km S Onkonegare Camp, Reserva Etnica Waorani, 00°39'10"S, 076°26'00"W, 12 February 1999 (T. L. Erwin, et al., fogging terra firme forest, lot#1023) [USNM]. Paratypes: 1 male, same data except lot#1027, 12 February 1999; 1 male, same data except lot#1560, 21 June 1996; 2 females, same data except lot#1440, 7 February 1996 [USNM, INHS]. Note. This species differs from other South American Neozygina in having the aedeagus without paired basal processes and a distal pair of retrorse spines, upon which the specific name is based., Published as part of Dietrich, C. H. & Dmitriev, D. A., 2007, Revision of the New World leafhopper genus Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1475 on page 41

Neozygina obsoleta n. sp. (Figs. 1M, 3M–N) Diagnosis. Length of male 3.1 mm (approximate; forewings of holotype missing). Coloration and markings as in N. chiapensis. Pygofer (Fig. 3M) with dorsal appendage obsolete, reduced to heavily sclerotized ridge that extends half distance to apex; ventral appendage arising near apex, short, slender, extended posterad the abruptly bent dorsad; distal lobe narrow, weakly sclerotized dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 3N) with preatrium short; shaft in lateral view relatively broad and compressed basally with small dorsal teeth, gradually narrowed to midlength, distal half slender, tubular, strongly arcuate, with slender unpaired ventral preapical process; gonopore apical; apex with large unpaired distal spine extended ventrad. Material examined. Holotype male, MEXICO: Guerrero, Iguala, 11 September 1939 (D. M. DeLong) [INHS]. Notes. Placement of this species in Neozygina, despite the absence of a dorsal appendage on the male pygofer, is justified by the presence of macrosetae on the dorsal margin of the pygofer and by the coloration, which is indistinguishable from that of many other members of the genus. The aedeagus is unique among known species of the genus in having upaired apical and preapical posterior spines. The specific name refers to the obsolete dorsal pygofer appendage.

Neozygina hondurensis n. sp. (Figs. 1K, 3G–I) Diagnosis. Length of male 2.5 mm. Ground color stramineous infused with brown; apex of anteclypeus, lateral margins of frontoclypeus, mesonotal triangles, mesepisternum, and abdominal terga brown. Male pygofer (Fig. 3G) with dorsal appendage arising near base, large, elongate, slightly arcuate, extended to pygofer apex; ventral appendage preapical, slender, extended dorsomesad; lobe between appendages broadly rounded, uniformly sclerotized. Aedeagus (Figs. 3H, I) with preatrium absent; shaft slender, tubular, weakly recurved, with median longitudinal carina anteriorly; subbasal processes elongate, close to shaft throughout length, extended to shaft apex; apex acuminate; gonopore preapical on posterior surface. Material examined. Holotype male, HONDURAS: Coyoles, 25 November 1948 (E.C. Becker, at light) [INHS]. Paratype: 1 male, HONDURAS: 12 km W Olanchito, 24–25 May 1949 (E.C. Becker) [INHS]. Note. This species resembles N. quadricornis externally, but differs in having the aedeagal shaft very slender and lacking distal processes. The specific name refers to the country where the type series was collected., Published as part of Dietrich, C. H. & Dmitriev, D. A., 2007, Revision of the New World leafhopper genus Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1475 on page 35

Neozygina expanda n. sp. (Figs. 1V, 4J–K) Diagnosis. Length of male 2.6 mm, female 3.1 mm. Closely resembling N. argentiniensis, but differing as follows: pygofer with dorsal appendage extended to apex; aedeagal shaft (Figs. 4J, K) in lateral view more strongly divergent from dorsal apodeme and with posterior margin evenly curved, processes formed by bifid apex strongly expanded and convergent distally. Material examined. Holotype male, ARGENTINA: La Rioja, Dept. Famatina, 10 km N Famatina, Hwy. 40, Sierra de Toro Negro, 4,450ft., 28.9591°S, 67.4705°W, 15/ 20 October 1997 (M.E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, S. Roig, Malaise trap, MEI 97-35) [INHS]. Paratype, 1 female, same data [INHS]. Note. The specific name refers to the expanded aedeagal apex, which distinguishes this species from other South American Neozygina., Published as part of Dietrich, C. H. & Dmitriev, D. A., 2007, Revision of the New World leafhopper genus Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1475 on page 40

Neozygina potosiensis n. sp. (Figs. 1N, 3O–Q) Diagnosis. Length of male 2.8 mm. Coloration as described for N. mandibulata. Male pygofer (Fig. 3O) with dorsal appendage large, resembling that of N. hondurensis, but not extended to pygofer apex; ventral appendage arising at apex, relatively short, slender, extended posteromesad; lobe between appendages concave, weakly sclerotized. Aedeagus (Figs. P, Q) without preatrium; shaft short, tapered in lateral view; apex distad of gonopore compressed and attenuate; subbasal processes closely paralleling shaft in lateral view, weakly divergent in posterior view, extended 2/3 distance to shaft apex; apex compressed, bluntly rounded; gonopore preapical on posterior surface. Material examined. Holotype male, MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, Valles, 24 September 1941 (DeLong, Good, Caldwell, Plummer) [INHS]. Note. This species is similar to N. hondurensis, but differs in having the aedeagal shaft compressed distally and the subbasal processes much shorter than the shaft. The specific name refers to the Mexican state where the holotype was collected., Published as part of Dietrich, C. H. & Dmitriev, D. A., 2007, Revision of the New World leafhopper genus Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1475 on page 36

Neozygina forcipata n. sp. (Figs. 1W, 4L–M) Diagnosis. Length of male 2.5 mm, female 2.6 mm. Closely resembling N. expanda, but differing as follows: pygofer with dorsal appendage extended half way to apex of lobe; aedeagal shaft with distal processes formed by bifid apex much smaller and narrower; dorsal margin with pair of small teeth near base. Material examined. Holotype male, ARGENTINA: La Rioja, Dept. Rosario Peñaloza, east base Sierra Argañaraz, 2,000ft., 31.2210°S, 66.7276°W, 11 October 1997 (M.E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, S. Roig, Malaise trap in wet spot in wash, MEI 97-26) [INHS]. Paratype: 1 female, same data [INHS]. Note. This species closely resembles N. expanda but has the distal projections of the aedeagus much more slender. The specific name refers to the forcipate aedeagal apex., Published as part of Dietrich, C. H. & Dmitriev, D. A., 2007, Revision of the New World leafhopper genus Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1475 on page 40

Neozygina veracruzensis n. sp. (Figs. 1Q, 3U–W) Diagnosis. Length of male 2.5 mm. Ground color stramineous infused with brown; anteclypeus and abdominal terga brown; crown spots, mesonotal triangles, and mesosternum dark brown; forewing with red longitudinal streak in clavus and another along vein Cu in basal half. Pygofer (Fig. 3U) with dorsal appendage arising near apex, very slender, straight, not reaching distal margin; ventral appendage short, relatively broad, extended dorsomesad then curved dorsolaterad; lobe between appendages narrowly rounded, well sclerotized except near margin. Aedeagus (Figs. 3V, W) with shaft narrowly J-shaped, apex compressed, falcate in lateral view; distal processes arising distad of gonopore, sinuately curved posteroventrad, crossing each other medially near apex. Material examined. Holotype male, MEXICO: Veracruz, rt. 180, km#31, 17 km NW Alvarado, 0m, 18°50'N, 95°58'W, 28 October 2001 (C.H. Dietrich, sweep/vac, 01-036-01) [INHS]. Notes. The type series was collected by vacuuming and sweeping low-growing sand dune vegetation along the Gulf Coast of Veracruz, Mexico. The male genitalia of this species resemble those of N. balli Beamer, but the dorsal pygofer appendage is much more slender and elongate, the ventral appendage is longer, and the aedeagal shaft is much longer and nearly straight through most of its length. The coloration of the new species is also distinctive. The forewing of N. veracruzensis has reddish streaks only along vein Cu and in the clavus; N. balli has more extensive areas of reddish pigment covering nearly the entire basal half of the wing., Published as part of Dietrich, C. H. & Dmitriev, D. A., 2007, Revision of the New World leafhopper genus Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1475 on page 37

Neozygina zapatai n. sp. (Figs. 1R, 3X–Z) Diagnosis. Length of male 2.7 mm. Overall color pale yellow, apex of anteclypeus, mesonotal triangles, and abdominal terga brown; crown spots relatively small. Male pygofer and genitalia as described for N. sordida except aedeagus with gonoduct in lateral view extended diagonally across shaft. Material examined. Holotype male, MEXICO: Jalisco, ca. La Huerta, 480m, 19°27'47"N 104°39'13"W, 16 Oct 2001 (S. H. McKamey, et al., fogging 3- FH) [INHS]. Paratypes: 3 males, same data except fogging 2, 2-BL, 2-FL [INHS]. Note. This species resembles N. quadricornis and N. sordida in having a similarly bifurcated dorsal pygofer appendage, but differs in its smaller size, paler coloration, and in the structure of the aedeagus, which has the gonoduct extended diagonally across the shaft rather than parallel to the posterior margin. This species is named in memory of Emilano Zapata Salazar (1879–1919), hero of the Mexican Revolution.

Neozygina abancayensis n. sp. (Figs. 1T, 4A–C) Diagnosis. Length of male 3.1 mm. Ground color stramineous, infused with brown; anteclypeus, lateral margin of frontoclypeus, mesonotal triangles, mesosternum, and abdominal terga brown; forewing without distinct markings. Male pygofer (Fig. 4A) with dorsal appendage arising near base, slender, acuminate, elevated and slightly arched above margin, in dorsal view curved slightly laterad, extended to apex of pygofer; ventral appendage arising preapically, well developed, extended dorsomesad. Aedeagus (figs. 4B, C) with preatrium short; shaft slightly compressed, in lateral view sinuate, with pair of subbasal dorsal teeth; paired subbasal processes approximately half length of shaft, divergent from shaft in lateral view, divergent from each other in posterior view at ca. 45° angle; paired distal processes arising near apex, moderately long, slender, extended ventrolaterad; gonopore apical. Material examined. Holotype male, PERU: Abancay, 8 July 1960 (J. Salazar and H. Fernandez, on sugar cane) [NCSU]. Paratype: 1 male, same data [NCSU]. Note. This is the only known South American Neozygina species that lacks an emarginate aedeagal apex. The specific name refers to the type locality., Published as part of Dietrich, C. H. & Dmitriev, D. A., 2007, Revision of the New World leafhopper genus Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1475 on page 39

Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev, 2006 Diagnosis. Crown weakly to moderately produced medially, with pair of large brown or black preapical spots; mesonotum with basal triangles usually dark brown, contrasting with remainder of sclerite; forewing lacking distinct spots or oblique patterns, inner apical cell with base oblique; male pygofer with dorsal appendage well developed (except N. obsoleta, n. sp.), immovably fused to pygofer margin; one or more macrosetae present basad of dorsal appendage; ventral appendage present, usually elongate. Style apex truncate, footlike, with only two points, preapical lobe well developed. Connective U-shaped, without median anterior lobe, arms short. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme well developed, usually T-shaped in posterior view, without sclerotized connection to dorsal pygofer appendage or anal tube; shaft often with paired or unpaired basal or distal processes, or both; unpaired basal process, when present, closely appressed to shaft. Distribution. Western United States south to Argentina. Notes. Phylogenetic analysis of morphological data recovered Neozygina as the monophyletic sister group to a clade comprising the New World genera Mexigina, Hepzygina, and Zyginama (Dietrich & Dmitriev 2006). The genus previously included 10 described species, 1 of which is here treated as a junior synonym. An additional 16 species discovered during this study are described below. The following key will separate adult males; females of most species may only be reliably identified through their association with males.

Neozygina sonorensis n. sp. (Figs. 1O, 3R–T) Diagnosis. Length of male 2.7 mm. Coloration as described for N. antlera. Pygofer (Fig. 3R) with dorsal appendage arising near midlength, short, broadened medially, serrate dorsally, not extended to pygofer apex; ventral appendage arising preapically, relatively short, slender, curved dorsomesad; lobe between appendages narrowly rounded, weakly sclerotized. Aedeagus (Figs. 3S, T) with preatrium short; shaft slender, tubular, nearly straight; subbasal processes arising near shaft midlength, long, slender, closely parallel to shaft, extended ca. 2/3 distance to shaft apex; apex in posterior view broad, rounded, with pair of long ventrolaterally directed processes arising from lateral flange; gonopore apical. Material examined. Holotype male, MEXICO: Sonora, Hacienda Naynari, 19 March 1927 (A. Dampf, M.B.209) [INHS]. Note. This species resembles N. penapacha, but differs in having the aedeagal shaft straight, the distal processes more robust, and the apex in posterior view broadly rounded rather than angulate. The specific name refers to the Mexican state where the holotype was collected., Published as part of Dietrich, C. H. & Dmitriev, D. A., 2007, Revision of the New World leafhopper genus Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1475 on pages 36-37

Neozygina mandibulata n. sp. (Figs. 1L, 3J–L) Diagnosis. Length of male 3.8 mm. Ground color stramineous infused with brown; face and sternum pale; mesonotal triangles and abdominal terga brown. Male pygofer (Fig. 3J) with dorsal appendage arising near midlength, bifid, arms divergent at right angle, dorsal arm short and relatively wide, ventral arm elongate and serrate dorsally, extended beyond pygofer apex and curved mesad; ventral appendage arising preapically, very large, slender, areolate, curved dorsomesad; lobe between appendages rounded, weakly sclerotized. Aedeagus (Figs. 3K, L) with preatrium well developed, shorter than shaft; shaft compressed, in lateral view broadly Ushaped, with pair of short retrorse preapical spines and pair of long basolateral processes slightly divergent from shaft distally, not extended to shaft apex; apex bluntly rounded; gonopore arising preapically on posterior margin. Material examined. Holotype male, MEXICO: Guerrero, Chilpancingo, 25 October 1941 (DeLong, Good, Caldwell, Plummer) [INHS]. Note. This species has a branched dorsal pygofer appendage similar to that of N. quadricornis, but differs in having the aedeagal shaft evenly recurved in lateral view and the distal processes very short. The specific name refers to the jawlike dorsal pygofer appendage., Published as part of Dietrich, C. H. & Dmitriev, D. A., 2007, Revision of the New World leafhopper genus Neozygina Dietrich & Dmitriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1475 on page 35