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The sexual generation of Dryocosmus destefanii Cerasa & Melika, 2018 that emerges from galls on Q. suber L. in Italy is described for the first time, establishing its heterogonic life cycle. We provide observations on its distribution, illustration of adults and galls and information on its biology as supported by morphological and molecular data. An illustrated identification key to Western Palaearctic Dryocosmus species is also given.

Accurate identification of parasitoids is crucial for biological control of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug,Halyomrpha halys(Stål). A recent work by Talamas et al. (2017) revised the Palearctic fauna ofTrissolcusAshmead, egg-parasitoids of stink bugs, and treated numerous species as junior synonyms ofT. semistriatus(Nees von Esenbeck). In the present paper, we provide a detailed taxonomic history and treatment ofT. semistriatusand the species treated as its synonyms by Talamas et al. (2017) based on examination of primary types, molecular analyses and mating experiments.Trissolcus semistriatus,T. belenus(Walker),T. colemani(Crawford), andT. manteroi(Kieffer) are here recognized as valid and a key to species is provided. The identification tools provided here will facilitate the use ofTrissolcuswasps as biological control agents and as the subject of ecological studies.

Key to the Western Palaearctic Dryocosmus species 1 Females............................................................................................. 2 - Males............................................................................................. 11 2 Mesoscutellum entirely smooth and glossy or at least the central area of mesoscutellar disc up to the area proximal to the foveae always smooth and glossy; at most a very narrow strip laterally and posteriorly along emarginated edges sculptured....... 3 - Mesoscutellum entirely and uniformly coriaceous or rugose.................................................... 6 3 Scutellar foveae more or less distinct, separated by distinct median carina (Fig. 36)................................. 4 - Scutellar foveae absent, anteriorly only a transverse impression present (Fig. 38)........................... D. tavakolii 4 All metasomal tergites without micropunctures, mesopleuron without striae marking transepisternal line; axillula delicately coriaceous........................................................................................... 5 - All metasomal tergites, except 2nd, with distinct uniform dense micropunctures, mesopleuron with very few delicate indistinct striae marking transepisternal line not surpassing 1/2 of mesopleuron length; axillula strongly sculptured especially at posterior end (Fig. 15); hindwing with narrow infuscate stripe on the anterior margin, starting from hamuli and extending along the margin for more than 3/4 of its length (Fig. 24)................................................. D. destefanii, sexual 5 Pedicel and scape 1.5���1.7 times broader than flagellomeres (Fig. 37); all flagellomeres nearly of the same width; scutellar foveae subtriangular, separated by wide and short median carina, with diverging sides, this short median carina occupies 1/8 of mesoscutellum length (Fig. 36)......................................................... D. destefanii, asexual - Pedicel and scape at least 2.2���2.5 times broader than flagellomeres; flagellomeres towards the apex broadened, F8���F12 at least 2.0 times as broad as preceding flagellomeres (Fig. 39); scutellar foveae subquadrangular, separated by distinct narrow median carina with non-diverging sides, this long median carina occupies 1/4 of mesoscutellum length (Fig. 40)...... D. caspiensis 6 Gena not or inconspicuously broadened behind eye, not visible in anterior view.................................... 7 - Gena strongly broadened behind eye, easily visible in anterior view (Fig. 41).................... D. cerriphilus, asexual 7 Entire body reddish brown to light yellowish brown.......................................................... 8 - Entire body black or brownish black...................................................................... 9 8 Eye large, silvery, transfacial distance nearly equal to height of eye, body uniformly light brown to yellowish...... D. mikoi - Eye small, black, transfacial distance longer than height of eye; head and mesosoma reddish brown, metasoma darker (Fig. 42)........................................................................................ D. jungalii 9 All metasomal tergites, except 2nd, with distinct uniform dense micropunctures; mesoscutellar disk reaching mesoscutum in the center, very narrow anterior scutellar depression present only on both sides of this attachment point (Fig. 43)................................................................................................... D. kuriphilus - All metasomal tergites, including 2nd, without micropunctures; mesoscutellar disk never reaching mesoscutum; broad complete transverse anterior scutellar depression present across mesoscutellum...................................... 10 10 Mesoscutellum distinctly longer than broad, rugose to coriaceous, elongate, sides nearly parallel, with narrow median carina reaching mesoscutum and dividing medially smooth glossy broad anterior scutellar depression; body usually black or dark brown........................................................................................ D. mayri - Mesoscutellum as long as broad or only slightly longer than broad, dull rugose, without median carina, with rugose anteriorscutellar depression; body usually brown to reddish brown...................................... D. cerriphilus, sexual 11 Body entirely yellow, except dark brown or black head...................................................... 12 - Body black or dark brown............................................................................. 13 12 Mesoscutellum smooth, glossy, without sculpture; head black.......................................... D. jungalii - Mesoscutellum uniformly coriaceous, head brown..................................................... D. mikoi 13 Mesoscutellar disk alutaceous or very delicately coriaceous; mesopleuron uniformly smooth glossy or delicately alutaceous................................................................................................... 14 - Mesoscutellar disk uniformly coriaceous to rugose; mesopleuron smooth glossy, with delicate longitudinal striae in medioanterior part................................................................................... D. cerriphilus 14 Diameter of lateral ocellus about equal to or slightly greater than OOL (Fig. 30); all metasomal tergites, except 2nd, with distinct uniform dense micropunctures; malar space very short, 0.11-0.12 times as long as height of eye (Fig. 28); metasomal petiole longer than wide; hindwing with narrow infuscate stripe on the anterior margin, starting from hamuli and extending along the margin for more than 3/4 of its length (Fig. 29)............................................. D. destefanii - Diameter of lateral ocellus at least twice OOL; all metasomal tergites without micropunctures; malar space extremely short, 0.06-0.07 times as long as height of eye (Fig. 27); metasomal petiole as long as broad......................... D. mayri, Published as part of Cerasa, Giuliano, Verde, Gabriella Lo, Caleca, Virgilio, Massa, Bruno, Nicholls, James A. & Melika, George, 2020, Description of the sexual generation of Dryocosmus destefanii (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) and disclosure of its life cycle, pp. 359-374 in Zootaxa 4742 (2) on pages 362-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4742.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3754879

Description of sexual generation of Dryocosmus destefanii Cerasa & Melika Figs 1���6, 8���26, 28���35 Material examined. 3 females: Italy: Sicily, Cefal�� (PA), loc. C.da Campella, ex galls on Quercus suber, 19.IV.2016, 38��1���19.06���N 13��59���15.49���E, 200m, ex pepper shaped gall, em[erged]. 20���21.IV.2016 (sample 6021), G. Cerasa leg. One specimen is deposited in the collection of Giuliano Cerasa, Giuliana, Palermo, Italy, one is deposited at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ���Giacomo Doria���, Genoa, Italy, and the third in the collection of the Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary (curator G. Melika). 2 males: Italy: Sicily, Cefal�� (PA), loc. C. da Campella, ex galls on Quercus suber, 19.IV.2017, 38��1���19.06���N 13��59���15.49���E, 200m, ex gall shaped pepper, em. 20���21.IV.2017 (sample 6560), G. Cerasa leg. (one deposited in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ���Giacomo Doria���, Genoa, Italy; one at the Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary); 1 male with the same label, but ���(N. 6557) G. Cerasa leg.��� (collection Giuliano Cerasa, Giuliana (Palermo) Italy). Description. SEXUAL FEMALE. Head dark brown, except for brown lower face; mandibles light brown, maxillary palps and labial palps yellowish; antennae light brown, except amber scape, pedicel and F1���F2 amber to brown; eyes black. Mesosoma light brown to brown, legs yellow-amber except for dark brown Ts5 and tarsal claws. Metasoma dark brown, T2 dorsally and laterally brown, subsequent tergites dark brown. Wings hyaline, veins yellow-brown to brown. Body length 2.1���2.4 mm. Head nearly 1.2 times as broad as high in anterior view (Fig. 8), 2.3 times as broad as long in dorsal view (Fig. 14); frons, vertex and interocellar area alutaceous, with rare white setae and small impression below median ocellus, eyes long with sparse minute setae mainly located on the outer margin (Figs 8, 10). Lower face alutaceous, covered by dense setae, with elevated median area and with striae radiating from clypeo-pleurostomal line, more diffuse medially on the face and reaching the ventral margin of the antennal toruli where they are stronger; malar sulcus absent. Clypeus small, smooth, rounded, slightly sinuous, ventral margin projecting over mandibles, marked by prominent epistomal sulcus, and with rare setae; anterior tentorial pits and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, shallow, ventrally emarginated. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye in front view, covered in sparse setae. Occiput alutaceous to delicately coriaceous with few white setae; postgena alutaceous to delicately coriaceous, with rare white setae; area around occipital foramen impressed, devoid of setae. Postocciput around occipital foramen impressed; posterior tentorial pits distinct, elongate, deep; occipital foramen very slightly higher than height of postgenal bridge, which is nearly 1.9 times shorter than length of oral foramen; gula narrowed in lower half with very few and delicate longitudinal striae; gular sulci weakly impressed, touching one another in the lower half of gula and curved outwards in the upper half (Fig. 9). Malar space short, 0.3 times as long as height of compound eye. Transfacial distance 1.0���1.1 times as long as height of eye and 1.4 times as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and tip of clypeus); diameter of torulus slightly greater than the distance between them; distance between torulus and inner margin of eye nearly equal to the diameter of torulus. Ocelli elliptical in shape, elevated over dorsal margin of head; POL 1.3 times as long as OOL; OOL 3.0 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 2.0 times as long as LOL. Inner margins of eyes parallel. Labial palpus 3���segmented, maxillar palpus 4���segmented. Antenna filiform (Fig. 12), with 12 flagellomeres, nearly equal to body length, with short and sparse setae on all flagellomeres; pedicel as long as broad, pedicel and scape slightly (not more than 1.2���1.3 times) broader than F1���F12; scape + pedicel 1.2���1.3 times longer than F1, which is slightly longer than F2 or F3; F3 slightly longer than F4, which is 1.1���1.2 times longer than F5; F5 slightly longer than F6 or F7; subsequent flagellomeres F7��� F11 gradually decreasing in length; F12 1.7���1.8 times longer than F11; placodeal sensilla present on all flagellomeres and arranged in one row, hardly detectable on F1. Mesosoma very high, only 1.1���1.15 times as long as high. Pronotum glossy, with few long white setae along antero-lateral edge, rare in other parts; anterior rim of pronotum narrow, emarginate; transverse pronotal sulcus present, deep, areolate-rugose (Figs 17���18); posterolateral pronotal area with some short rugae, longer and more pronounced in the posteroventral corner of pronotum (Fig. 18); latero-median and median area of pronotum alutaceous without rugae. Propleuron alutaceous, smooth, glossy with sparse long setae, concave in mediocentral part (Fig. 20). Mesoscutum smooth, glossy, with rare white setae along its lateral margin and rare adnotaular setae; slightly broader than long from above (width measured across base of tegulae); notauli complete, deeply impressed for full length; median mesoscutal line absent; antero-admedian line not impressed, faintly visible in antero-dorsal view of mesosoma (Fig. 17), parapsidal lines absent; parascutal carina broad, anteriorly reaching notauli, mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus not sculptured. Transscutal articulation deep, distinct. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae), nearly as long as broad from dorsal view, rounded, not elongated, marginated, smooth and glossy in the central part and with few wrinkles along margins only, with rare long white setae; raised and emarginated only along lateral edges, slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae subtriangular-ellipsoidal (Fig. 13), distinctly delimited posteriorly and separated by narrow, weak central carina, deep with smooth and glossy bottom. Mesopleural triangle glossy with some delicate irregular short wrinkles and few white setae. Mesopleuron, smooth, glossy, with few delicate indistinct striae marking transepisternal line (Figs 15, 16), anterodorsal part of mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glossy; essentially glabrous except very rare short white setae mostly concentrated close to the mesocoxal foramen. Pleurosternum smooth, glossy, with colliculate sculpture near mesocoxal foramina; acetabular carina delimiting a very narrow area laterally and with very delicate and short wrinkles adjacent to it (Fig. 20). Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron in the upper 1/3 of its height with some wrinkles; preaxilla smooth and glossy; dorsal axillar area alutaceous with a few delicate rugae and sparse setae, lateral axillar area smooth, glossy with short wrinkles and without setae; axillar carina broad, with longitudinal striae; axillula strongly sculptured in posterior end; subaxillular bar triangular, narrow, smooth and glossy, at posterior end shorter than height of metanotal trough. Metascutellum trapezoidal, smooth or very delicately sculptured, straight inferiorly, equal or slightly higher than height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum, which is smooth; metanotal trough smooth, glossy, without setae, with rare very weak wrinkles, without setae. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct and percurrent, strongly curved outwards in the middle (Figs 19, 21), central propodeal area glabrous, smooth, glossy, without median propodeal vertical carina and with complexrugulose sculpture near lateral carinae; lateral propodeal area coriaceuos with irregular wrinkles and sparse white setae; nucha very short, with delicate longitudinal sulci dorsolaterally and laterally. Forewing pubescent, hyaline, very weakly clouded around veins, 1.3���1.5 times as long as body, with distinct brown veins and long marginal cilia; radial cell open, 4.5 times as long as broad; R1 and Rs reaching wing margin and extending along it, Rs for more than half its length; 2 r slightly curved; areoles distinct, triangular and large; 2r-m not extending along M vein; Rs + M distinct, reaching basal vein in the lower half (Fig. 22). Hindwing, pubescent, hyaline, very weakly clouded around veins with narrow infuscate stripe on the anterior margin, starting from hamuli and extending along the margin for more than 3/4 of its length (Fig. 24). All tarsal segments longer than broad, Ts1 the longest one; tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe; fore tarsomere I (Ts1) to V (Ts5) length ratio as 1.0:0.4:0.3:0.2:0.5; tibial spur long, curved inward, bifid at apex, nearly 0.4 times as long as basitarsus of foreleg (Fig. 32). Metasoma as long as mesosoma, about 0.8 times as long as length of head + mesosoma. Metasoma strongly compressed laterally, 0.8 times as long as high in lateral view, smooth, glossy, with rare and scattered white setae in T2 and T8 antero-laterally (Fig. 23), present at moderate density on T9 forming moderate tuft; all metasomal tergites, except T2, with distinct uniform dense micropunctures; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short, nearly 2.0���2.5 times longer than broad in ventral view, with long white setae, extending beyond apex of spine but never forming a tuft (Figs 23, 25, 26). MALE. Similar to female, but head and mesosoma completely dark brown; compound eyes bigger than in female (Fig. 28); malar space extremely short, 0.11���0.12 times as long as height of eye, transfacial distance 0.7 times as long as height of eye and nearly equal to height of lower face; diameter of toruli 1.8 times as large as distance between them, distance between torulus and inner margin of eye about half the diameter of torulus. Ocelli bigger than in female (Fig. 30); POL 2.4 times as long as OOL; OOL 0.7 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and nearly equal to LOL. Antenna slightly longer than body, with 13 flagellomeres, F1 distally broadened, excavated in basal half (Fig. 11). Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) elongated, 1.3 longer than broad in dorsal view, trapezoid. Hindwing similar to female with narrow infuscate stripe on the anterior margin, starting from hamuli and extending along the margin for more than 3/4 of its length (Fig. 29). Metasoma with long petiole, longer than wide (Figs 31, 33). Body length 2.3���2.5 mm. Gall (Figs 2, 4, 5). The gall is located on apical or lateral buds of young shoots. It is plurilocular, elongate and approximately shaped like a bell pepper fruit (Fig. 2); the surface of young galls is green, smooth, glossy and sticky with apical white pale hairs and frequently has a reddish tinge. The color turns from green and plum to brown as the gall matures. Mature galls have a finely warty, non-sticky surface (Fig. 5) and are approximately 6���8 mm in length and up to 5 mm in width. Inside the gall, the ovate and yellow larval chambers (2.3���2.7 mm) are surrounded with spongy tissue which later hardens and have their major axis arranged roughly parallel to the major axis of the gall (Fig. 4). Sexual generation galls of D. destefanii are similar to the galls of D. mayri but differ in having an elongate shape rather than being approximately spherical. In addition, D. mayri galls are monolocular, sometimes gregarious, individual galls are 5���7 mm in diameter, but often form irregularly shaped clusters 15���20 mm across. Biology. Sexual generation gall development on Quercus suber begins late March and the first days of April, concomitant with the release of new leaves; the galls complete their development during the first half of April and the adults emerge during the last 10 days of the same month. As reported by Cerasa et al. (2018), the asexual generation galls begin development in May on the same host plant species, and adults emerge in August and the first half of September. Diagnosis. Sexual D. destefanii most closely resemble D. mayri. In D. destefanii sexual females, the striae radiating from clypeus are more diffuse medially on the face and reach the ventral margin of the antennal toruli where they are stronger; LOL is nearly half of OOL, malar space is short, 0.26���0.27 times as long as the height of the eye; mesopleuron with few delicate indistinct striae marking transepisternal line; mesoscutellum rounded, not elongated, smooth and glossy in the central part; scutellar foveae subtriangular-ellipsoidal in shape; forewing 1.3���1.5 times as long as body, R1 and Rs reaching and extending along the wing margin (Rs for more than half its length); all metasomal tergites, except T2, with distinct uniform dense micropunctures. In contrast, in D. mayri sexual females the striae radiating from clypeus never reach the antennal toruli; LOL is slightly shorter than OOL; malar space very short, 0.16���0.17 times as long as height of the eye; mesopleuron without striae marking transepisternal line; mesoscutellum distinctly longer than broad, elongated, quadrangular or trapezoid, rugose to coriaceous in its central part; scutellar foveae rectangular; forewing longer than body, R1 nearly reaching wing margin, Rs extends slightly along margin; all metasomal tergites without micropunctures. In D. destefanii males the diameter of lateral ocellus is about equal to or slightly greater than OOL; POL 2.4 times as long as OOL; malar space very short, 0.11���0.12 times as long as height of eye; metasomal petiole longer than wide; all metasomal tergites, except 2nd, with distinct uniform dense micropunctures while in D. mayri males the diameter of lateral ocellus more than twice OOL; POL 2.8 times as long as OOL; malar space extremely short, 0.06���0.07 times as long as height of eye; metasomal petiole as long as broad; all metasomal tergites without micropunctures. Distribution. Currently known only from Sicily, Italy (Cerasa et al., 2018). The sexual generation decribed here was collected from the same locality as the asexual generation described in Cerasa et al. (2018). Molecular results. A 433 base pair fragment of cytb was obtained for just the female sexual generation individual. This individual had a haplotype only one base pair different from that previously published for the asexual generation. A 544 base pair fragment of ITS2 was successfully sequenced from both sexual generation individuals and the one asexual generation individual. This gene was invariant among the three individuals. These very low levels of variation are typical of within-species variability in oak gallwasps (e.g. Nicholls et al. 2012, 2018a, Tang et al. 2016a, 2016b), and provide confirmation of the match between the sexual generation of D. destefanii described herein and the asexual generation of this species previously described by Cerasa et al. (2018). All new sequences are deposited in GenBank, accessions MN184638 ��� MN184641., Published as part of Cerasa, Giuliano, Verde, Gabriella Lo, Caleca, Virgilio, Massa, Bruno, Nicholls, James A. & Melika, George, 2020, Description of the sexual generation of Dryocosmus destefanii (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) and disclosure of its life cycle, pp. 359-374 in Zootaxa 4742 (2) on pages 363-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4742.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3754879, {"references":["Cerasa, G., Lo Verde, G., Caleca, V., Massa, B., Nicholls, J. A. & Melika, G. (2018) Description of Dryocosmus destefanii new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Quercus suber L. in Italy. Zootaxa, 4370 (5), 535 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4370.5.5","Nicholls, J. A., Challis, R. J., Mutun, S. & Stone, G. N. (2012) Mitochondrial barcodes are diagnostic of shared refugia but not species in hybridising oak gallwasps. Molecular Ecology, 21, 4051 - 4062. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2012.05683. x","Nicholls, J. A., Melika, G., DeMartini, J. & Stone, G. N. (2018 a) New species of Dryocosmus Giraud gallwasps from California (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) galling Chrysolepis Hjelmq. (Fagaceae). Zootaxa, 4532 (3), 407 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4532.3.6","Tang, C. - T., Miko, I., Nicholls, J. A., Schweger, S., Yang, M. - M., Stone, G. N., Sinclair, F., Bozso, M., Melika, G. & Penzes, Z. (2016 a) New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 53, 77 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jhr. 53.9890","Tang, C. - T., Sinclair, F., Hearn, J., Yang, M. - M., Stone, G. N., Nicholls, J. A., Schweger, S. & Melika, G. (2016 b) Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 4088 (4), 451 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4088.4.1"]}

A new species, Dryocosmus destefanii Cerasa & Melika n. sp. associated with a Cerris section oak, Quercus suber L., is described from Italy. Description, diagnosis, host associations and biology for the new species and an illustrated identification key to the Western Palaearctic Dryocosmus species are given. The description is supported by morphological and molecular data.

Key to the Western Palaearctic Dryocosmus species 1 Females............................................................................................. 2 - Males.............................................................................................. 10 2 Mesoscutellum entirely smooth, glossy; at most a very narrow strip laterally and posteriorly along emarginated edges sculp- tured; disk of mesoscutellum always smooth, glossy.......................................................... 3 - Mesoscutellum entirely and uniformly coriaceous or rugose.................................................... 5 3 Scutellar foveae more or less distinct, separated by distinct median carina (Fig. 16)................................. 4 - Scutellar foveae absent, anteriorly only a transverse impression present (Fig. 32).......................... D. tavakolii 4 Pedicel and scape 1.5–1.7 times broader than flagellomeres (Fig. 15); all flagellomeres nearly of the same width; scutellar foveae subtriangular, separated by median carina wider and shorter, with diverging sides, this short median carina occupies 1/8 of mesoscutellum length (Fig. 16).......................................................... D. destefanii n. sp. - Pedicel and scape at least 2.2–2.5 times broader than flagellomeres; flagellomeres towards the apex broadened, F8–F12 at least 2.0 times as broad as preceding flagellomeres (Fig. 30); scutellar foveae subquadrangular, separated by distinct narrow median carina with non diverging sides, this long median carina occupies 1/4 of mesoscutellum length (Fig. 31)...... D. caspiensis 5 Gena not or inconspicuously broadened behind eye, not visible in anterior view................................... 6 - Gena strongly broadened behind eye, easily visible in anterior view (Fig. 33).................... D. cerriphilus, asexual 6 Entire body reddish brown to light yellowish brown......................................................... 7 - Entire body black or brownish black...................................................................... 8 7 Eye large, silvery, transfacial distance nearly equal to height of eye, body uniformly light brown to yellowish..... D. mikoi - Eye small, black, transfacial distance longer than height of eye; head and mesosoma reddish brown, metasoma darker (Fig. 34)............................................................................................ D. jungalii 8 All metasomal tergites, except 2nd, with distinct uniform dense micropunctures; mesoscutellar disk reaching mesoscutum in the center, very narrow anterior scutellar depression present only on both sides of this attachment point (Fig. 35)................................................................................................... D. kuriphilus - All metasomal tergites, including 2nd, without micropunctures; mesoscutellar disk never reaching mesoscutum; broad com- plete transverse anterior scutellar depression present across mesoscutellum....................................... 9 9 Mesoscutellum distinctly longer than broad, rugose to coriaceous, elongate, with nearly parallel sides, with narrow median carina reaching mesoscutum and dividing medially smooth glossy broad anterior scutellar depression; body usually black or dark brown.................................................................................... D. mayri - Mesoscutellum as long as broad or only slightly longer than broad, dull rugose, without median carina, with rugose anterior scutellar depression; body usually brown to reddish brown.................................... D. cerriphilus, sexual 10 Body entirely yellow, except dark brown or black head..................................................... 11 - Body black or dark brown............................................................................. 12 11 Mesoscutellum smooth, glossy, without sculpture; head black......................................... D. jungalii - Mesoscutellum uniformly coriaceous, head brown...................................................... D. mikoi 12 Diameter of lateral ocellus more than distance between ocellus and margin of eye; mesopleuron uniformly smooth glossy or delicately alutaceous; mesoscutellar disk alutaceous or very delicately coriaceous............................ D. mayri - Diameter of lateral ocellus less than distance between ocellus and margin of eye; mesopleuron smooth glossy, with delicate longitudinal striae in medioanterior part; mesoscutellar disk uniformly coriaceous to rugose............... D. cerriphilus

Dryocosmus destefanii Cerasa & Melika new species Figs 1–4; 9–27 Type material. HOLOTYPE female: ITALY: Sicily, Cefalù, loc. Campella, ex Quercus suber, 09.VI.2016, 38°1'19.06"N 13°59'15.49"E, 200m, ex small leaf galls, em[erged]. 07–15.VIII.2016, (N. 6051), G. Cerasa (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ‘ Giacomo Doria’, Genoa, Italy). PARATYPES: two females with the same labels as the holotype, but “em. 20–22.VIII.2016, (N. 6 044) G. Cerasa (Collection Giuliano Cerasa, Giuliana (Palermo) Italy); two females labelled Italy, Sicily, Cefalù (PA) loc. Campella 9.VI.2016 on Quercus suber em. 20–22.VIII.2016 (N. 6044) G. Cerasa (Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary). Description. ASEXUAL FEMALE (holotype). Head amber, except for dark brown to black occiput and vertex; mandibles brown, maxillary palps and labial palps yellowish; antennae amber, last 5–6 flagellomeres amber to brown; eyes dark brown to black. Mesosoma amber, legs yellow-amber; tarsal claws brown. Metasoma dark brown, T2 dorsally and laterally light brown, subsequent tergites dark brown. Wings hyaline, veins yellow-brown to brown. Body length 1.1–1.3 mm. Head nearly 1.2 times as broad as high in anterior view, 2.1–2.2 times as broad as long in dorsal view; glabrous and smooth except for a few short and indistinct or very weak striae irradiating from clypeus, more pronounced near antennal foramen. Gena very slightly broadened behind eye in anterior view. Clypeus projected over mandibles. Lower face and malar space alutaceous, with a few scarce and short white setae; frons glabrous, with impression under central ocellus. Malar space short, 0.3–0.4 times as long as height of eye. Transfacial distance 1.3–1.4 times as long as height of eye and 2.1 times as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and tip of clypeus); diameter of torulus nearly equal to distance between them, distance between torulus and inner margin of eye 1.8 times as large as diameter of torulus. Ocelli slightly elevated over dorsal margin of head; OOL slightly shorter or equal to POL; OOL 4 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus, 1.8 times as long as LOL. Inner margins of eyes slightly converging ventrally. Clypeus small, trapezoid, delicately coriaceous, with strongly elevated central area, anterior tentorial pits, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, shallow, ventrally emarginated. Frons, vertex and occiput smooth, glossy, without surface sculpture. Labial palpus 3–segmented, maxillar palpus 4–segmented. Antenna filiform, with 12 flagellomeres, 1.4–1.5 times as long as body length, with long and sparse hairs; pedicel as long as broad, 0.5 times as long as scape; pedicel and scape slightly broader than flagellomeres, not more than 1.5–1.7 times broader than flagellomeres; F1–F12 nearly equal in breadth, F5–F12 very slightly broader than F2–F4; scape 1.3 times as long as F1; F1 slightly longer than F2, F3–F9 distinctly longer than broad; F10–F11 only slightly longer than broad and F10 nearly equal in length to F11; F12 nearly equal in length to F1; placodeal sensilla present on all flagellomeres, hardly traceable on F1. In some specimens an indistinct suture appears on the last antennomere. Mesosoma very high, only 1.1 times as long as high, smooth, glossy, without pubescence, except some scattered white setae along notauli and lateral edges, on mesopleural triangle and mesoscutellum. Pronotum smooth, glossy, with delicate striae in posterodorsal part and with scattered white setae along anterolateral edge; emarginated along ventrolateral edge, with distinct striae along the impressed emarginated anterior rim; anterior rim of pronotum narrow, amber to brown; propleuron amber, delicately coriaceous, concave in mediocentral part with a few scattered white setae. Mesoscutum slightly broader than long in dorsal view (largest width measured at the level of the base of tegulae). Notaulus complete, well impressed along all its length, converging at the posterior end; parapsidal lines and anterior parallel lines absent, median mesoscutal line absent; parascutal carina distinct. Mesoscutellum, rounded, nearly as long as broad from dorsal view; smooth, glossy, without surface sculpture, emarginated along lateral and posterior edges, slightly overhanging metanotum; the part which overhangs metanotum is areolate-rugose along lateral sides and with wrinkles posteriorly (visible in posteroventral view on Fig. 19). Scutellar foveae subtriangular, deep, with smooth glossy bottom, separated by median carina with diverging sides, wider and shorter, 1/8 of mesoscutellum length. Mesopleural triangle with sparse and short white setae and some wrinkles. Mesopleuron smooth, glossy, without striae, acetabular carina delimiting a very narrow area laterally. Preaxilla delicately coriaceous, glossy; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, glossy, with sparse short white setae; axillar carina narrow, without longitudinal striae; axillula smooth, glossy, without setae or with rare and scattered white setae; subaxillular bar triangular, narrow, coriaceous, glossy, at most posterior end as high or slightly shorter than height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus straight, reaching mesopleuron slightly above 1/3 of its height (Fig. 17). Metascutellum trapezoid, irregularly sculptured, slightly curved inferiorly, nearly 1.5 times as broad as high; equal or slightly higher than height of smooth, minutely wrinkled ventral impressed rim of metanotum; metanotal trough alutaceous, without setae. Central propodeal area smooth, glossy, with numerous delicate irregular wrinkles; lateral propodeal area coriaceous, with rare white setae; lateral propodeal carina strongly curved outwards in the middle. Nucha very short, with irregular longitudinal wrinkles dorsolaterally and laterally. Forewing pubescent, hyaline, much longer than body, with very long marginal cilia (marginal cilia length/ forewing width=0.12); radial cell open, 4.5 times as long as broad; R1 and Rs reaching wing margin, R1 imperceptibly extending along wing margin and Rs slightly extending along wing margin; 2 r almost straight, only slightly curved; areolet distinct, triangular, large; Rs + M reaching basal vein in its lower half. All tarsal segments longer than broad, T1 the longest one, tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe; fore leg tarsomere I to V ratio as 1.0:0.5:0.4:0.3:0.6; tibial spur of foreleg very long, curved inward, bifid at apex, nearly 0.6 times as long as basitarsus. Metasoma strongly compressed laterally, higher than long in lateral view; slightly shorter than head + mesosoma; slightly larger than mesosoma; metasomal tergite 2 occupying nearly half the length of metasoma in dorsal view; all tergites smooth, glossy, without setae and micropunctures or with rare and scattered white setae anterolaterally on metasomal tergite 2. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short, less than 1.6 times as long as broad, with long and scattered white setae reaching beyond apex but never forming apical tuft. Gall (Figs 1–4). Asexual generation. Gall is 1–3 mm in diameter, subsphaerical to ellipsoid in shape, with the longest axis parallel to the leaf surface. Young growing galls are red, with warty surface covered with translucent tiny blister-like humps (Figs 2–3); when mature they turn reddish-brown. Galls are fixed to the median or lateral veins of lower leaf surface through a short, whitish stalk; typically 3–8 or even more galls can be found on one leaf (maximum number observed is 17 galls on a leaf). The gall wall is thin (Fig. 4), spongy on its inner surface and slightly woody externally. A single larval chamber is present in each gall. Biology. Only the asexual generation is known, and induces tiny subspherical leaf galls on Quercus suber L. This is the only oak host known for this species, with no records from other sympatric section Cerris oaks, Quercus cerris L. or Quercus gussonei (Borzì) Brullo. Galls develop in May, complete their development whilst remaining fixed to the leaf on the tree and adults emerge in August and the first half of September. The biology of other Dryocosmus species suggests that a sexual generation, if one exists, should be found on the same oak host. The new species has emergence in August, which is unusual for asexual females compared with other oak gall wasp species with heterogonic life-cycles. In other species associated with Q. suber, the asexual females never emerge in late summer, but instead in late winter or the early spring of the year following gall induction. It is possible that the new species has a life history similar to that of D. kuriphilus and D. zhuili, i.e., it does not have a sexual generation and only reproduces asexually (cf. Zhu et al., 2015). Alternatively, the differences in the adult emergence period between the new species and other heterogonic congeners are due to the peculiar climatic conditions of Sicily. Etymology. The species is named in honor of the distinguished Italian entomologist Teodosio De Stefani Perez (1853–1935) for his contributions to the study of cecidology and systematics of Hymenoptera. Diagnosis. The new species most closely resembles Dryocosmus caspiensis Melika, Sadeghi, Atkinson, Stone & Barimani, in which the pedicel and scape are very broad, at least 2.2–2.5 times broader than flagellomeres; flagellomeres broadened towards the apex, F8–F12 at least 2.0 times as broad as the first few flagellomeres; the mesoscutum distinctly broader than long in dorsal view; the mesoscutellum quadrangular, elongated, with nearly parallel lateral sides, 1.5 times as long as broad from dorsal view; the scutellar foveae are subquadrangular, separated by a distinct long and narrow median carina, median carina occupying 1/4 of the mesoscutellum length; the metapleural sulcus is curved; metascutellum alutaceous to delicately coriaceous, very short, only slightly higher than the height of the ventral impressed area of metanotum, which is smooth, glossy, without wrinkles; the metanotal trough alutaceous, with very few short white setae; R1 not reaching the wing margin while Rs nearly reaching it; the ventral spine of the hypopygium with very few short white setae, not extending beyond the apex of the spine. In contrast in D. destefanii new species, the pedicel and scape are slightly broader than flagellomeres, not more than 1.5–1.7 times broader than flagellomeres; F1–F12 nearly equal in breadth, F5–F12 very slightly broader than F2–F4; the mesoscutum slightly broader than long in dorsal view; the mesoscutellum rounded, nearly as long as broad from dorsal view; the scutellar foveae are subtriangular, separated by short median carina with diverging sides, wider and shorter, median carina occupying 1/8 of the mesoscutellum length; the metapleural sulcus is straight; the metascutellum trapezoidal, irregularly sculptured, slightly curved inferiorly, broad, nearly 1.5 times as broad as high, equal or slightly higher than the height of the ventral impressed rim of metanotum; which is smooth, with minute wrinkles; the metanotal trough alutaceous, without setae; R1 and Rs reaching wing margin (Fig. 15), R1 imperceptibly extending along wing margin and Rs slightly extending along wing margin; the ventral spine of the hypopygium with long and scattered white setae reaching beyond the apex of spine (Figs 23–24). It also somewhat resembles Chilaspis israeli (Sternlicht) and C. nitida (Giraud), but has scutellar foveae are separated by a median carina and distinctly delimited posteriorly, whereas the scutellar foveae in the latter species are not separated by a median carina and are not distinctly delimited posteriorly. In addition, the asexual generation of C. nitida antenna has 11 flagellomeres and the female of the sexual generation of C. israeli has antennae with 13 flagellomeres and central tarsomeres (Ts2–Ts4) that are very short, strongly transverse (Fig. 6 in Pujade-Villar et al. 2003). In D. destefanii new species, the antenna has 12 flagellomeres (Fig. 15) and tarsomeres are of normal length (Fig. 25). Finally, adult females of the sexual generation of C. nitida are 2.3–2.8 mm in length while in D. destefanii adults are 1.1–1.3 mm in length. D. destefanii and C. nitida were also reported from the same localities in Sicily. Similar galls. The overall form of the gall is similar to the asexual generation of Dryocosmus caspiensis. In D. destefanii new species the surface of the gall is warty, covered in translucent hairs with clubbed tips; the galls are fixed to the leaf through a short and thin peduncle, while in D. caspiensis the surface of the gall is covered in dense brownish hairs with pointed tips and the peduncle is a little longer and thicker (Fig. 8). Distribution. Currently known only from Sicily (Italy). Comments. A 433 base-pair fragment of the cyt b gene was successfully amplified for 24 individuals representing 10 species (GenBank accession numbers KY655905 - KY655925). Variation within species was minimal, ranging from 0 to 1.3% (Table 2; values on diagonal). The cyt b sequence for D. destefanii new species was most similar to the complex containing D. caspiensis, D. mayri and D. tavakolii (divergences between 4.1% and 6.3%; Table 2). The observed divergence between D. destefanii new species and the morphologically very similar D. caspiensis is approximately the same or greater than the divergence seen between other recently described Iranian/European species pairs: Andricus schoenroggei Melika & Stone from Iran and A. sieboldi (Hartig) from Europe (4.7%), A. csokai Melika & Tavakoli from Iran and A. quercusradicis (Fabricius) from Europe (6.8%), A. chodjaii Melika from Iran and A. seckendorffi (Wachtl) from Europe (2.3%), and A. megatruncicolus Melika from Iran and A. truncicolus (Giraud) from Europe (2.3%; Tavakoli et al. 2008). These divergence values are consistent with those expected for within- and between-species variation both in gallwasps (Nicholls et al. 2012) and among insects in general (Hebert et al. 2003), supporting the distinctiveness of the newly described D. destefanii.

A revision of Afrotropical species of Dyscritobaeus Perkins is presented with re-description of the four known species ( D. bicolor O’Connor et Ashe, D. comitans Perkins, D. parvipennis (Dodd) and D. sulawensis Mineo, O’Connor et Ashe) and description of six new species ( D. antananarivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov., D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. , D. kilimanjarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. , D. madagascarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. , D. ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. and D. tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov.). Dyscritobaeus cerosus is considered to be a junior synonym of D. comitans , D. hannibal is considered to be a junior synonym of D. sulawensis and D. maputanus is a junior synonym of D. parvipennis ; so far these species are the only three Dyscritobaeus species that are widely distributed across four zoogeographical regions: Afrotropical, Australian, Oriental and Palearctic. Dyscritobaeus comitans and D. ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. belong to the comitans -group, the other eight species belong to the orientalis- group. Dyscritobaeus antananarivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov., D. madagascarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. and D. sulawensis are morphologically similar to D. orientalis bearing the specillum on T2; D. bicolor, D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. , D. kilimanjarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. , are morphologically similar to D. parvipennis ; D. tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. shares the lack of a protruding metascutellum together with D. aspinosus Mineo, O’Connor et Ashe. Dyscritobaeus species are sexually dimorphic , particularly in the following features: the anterior and posterior fringes of the fore wing are longer in the female than in the male; the odontoid process, when present in females, is less developed or absent in the corresponding males; the specillum, when present in females, is less defined and smaller or absent in the corresponding males; the sculpture of the head is more evident in males than in females; and the first and second tergites are frequently lighter in males than in females.

Dyscritobaeus ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. (Figs 27, 29, 38c, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:56F210DB-0EDE-497F-9981-334D5 A 8D2B24 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=410571 Diagnosis. Absence of the preoccipital lunula (Fig. 56), a character state shared with D. comitans, differentiates these two species from the other African species. The rugose T2 separates this species from other species of the comitans- group, which either have T2 with some longitudinal striation (D. comitans, D. bolivar, other undescribed species) or with minute granulate punctuation or coriaceous (D. minoculo, one undescribed species). Additionally the frontal depression with arched striae arising from the top of the central keel and reaching the oral foramen laterally of the clypeus (Fig. 27) distinguishes this species from D. comitans that has the frontal depression shallow and smooth (Fig. 26). The black head differentiates this species from D. comitans having a brown head. Description. Length of the body: 0.91 mm Head. Color black. Coriaceous. Head covered by long hair, mandibles yellow. Frontal depression with a shallow area starting from the interantennal process, reaching mid eye height with long striae starting from the top of central keel and reaching the oral foramen (Figs 27, 54). Central keel reaching 1/2 the height of the eye (Fig. 54). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, fan-like striation present in genal area surpassing half-length of malar sulcus. Malar sulcus length: 0.01 mm. Preoccipital lunula absent (Fig. 56). Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.41: 0.34: 0.19 mm. Measures of eye width: heigth = 0.14: 0.19 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.09: 0.06: 0.1 mm. Mandibles bidentate without odontoid process (Figs 55, 57). Antennae not present in the specimen. Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum anteriorly yellow, dark brown in central and posterior part; scutellum with dark brown anterior and central part and yellow posterior and lateral margins; propodeum brown; metascutellum and metanotal spine brown with dark edge (Figs 29, 55). In lateral view brown (Fig. 57). In dorsal view mesonotum and scutellum imbricate (Fig. 55); in lateral view speculum with furrow; femoral depression smooth and fan-like striation absent on it; posterior mesepimeral area well delimitate anteriorly; dorsal and ventral metapleural area with a crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 57); metapleural carina with one posterior pointed projection (Fig. 58). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, small metanotal spine (Fig. 55). Mesosoma length 0.25 mm, width 0.4 mm; scutellum length 0.15 mm, width 0.3 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.4: 0.8: 3.4: 3.4: 9.0: 0.4: 1.0; angle st-pm= 43�� as in Fig. 38c. st length is 0.09 mm; width: length of fore wing is 0.31: 0.81 mm. Legs yellow except fore and middle coxe light brown, hind coxe brown. Metasoma. In dorsal view metasoma anteriorly yellowish as in propodeum, color gradually changes in dark brown in last tergite; T1, T2, T3 color light brown on side (Fig. 29); laterotergites yellowish. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae and separate lateral coriaceous microscupture from internal smooth area. In the middle of T1 a microsculpure striate to coriaceous starts from the anterior margin and gradually dissolves towards the posterior margin. T2 rugose, not foveolate in anterior margin (Fig. 29). Female: unknown Comment. This species is represented by only one specimen, but the characters easily diagnose the species. Size, and sculpture of the head place this species close to the genus Titta Mineo, O���Connor et Ashe, but the bidentate mandible and palpal formula 2,1 are typical features of Dyscritobaeus species. Distribution. Etymology. The species name is the genitive of the word ndoki that in the Lingala language means sorcerer; this species is so unique in Africa that it could appear to be the result of witchcraft. The collection site is located in the Ndoki sector of the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, named after the Ndoki River flowing from Central African Republic to Congo, which gives its name to this forest area in both countries. Material examined. Holotype. ��: AFRICA: Central African Republic: Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6km 173�� S Lidjombo, Lowland Rainforest, 2��21.60'N, 16��09.20'E, 350m, 2001/05/22, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025617] (wings on slide, in Fig. 38c)., Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632

Dyscritobaeus tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. (Figs 30, 40f, 106, 107, 108) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15CB2DAA-B68A-4C5F-A9C5-652483D9B4E6 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=410572 Diagnosis. The species is brachypterous; in the Afrotropical region this feature is shared only with D. kilimanjarensis and D. parvipennis. On T1 the pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are absent and T1 is homogenously coriaceous; only three brachypterous species, D. aspinosus, D. carens (female and male) and D. minoculo (only male) from Australia have the same character state. The absence of the metanotal spine and the lack of a protruding metascutellum is shared only with D. aspinosus, from which D. tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the smaller A2���A3 ratio and darker color of the body. Description. Male. Length of the body: 0.91 mm. Head. Color brown. Coriaceous; head covered by short hairs, mandibles yellow. Frontal depression shallow and lightly coriaceous; central keel present (Fig. 106). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, fan-like striation not visible in genal area. Malar sulcus length: 0.15 mm. Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured (Fig. 106). Head measures width: height: length = 0.37: 0.36: 0.21 mm. Eye measures width: length = 0.12: 0.16 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.1: 0.1: 0.11 mm. Mandibles bidentate without odontoid process. Antenna. Radicles and scape dark yellow; A 3 ��� A 12 brown; A 1 length: 17; A 2 as long as A 3; A 11: A 12 ratio= 1:2. Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum brown; mesoscutellum brown with posterior margin yellow; propodeum brown to yellow in lateral margin(Fig. 108); mesosoma in lateral view light brown (Fig. 107). In dorsal view mesoscutum and mesoscutellum imbricate (Fig. 108); in lateral view speculum with furrow; femoral depression smooth with fan-like striation starting by post-ventral angle; posterior mesepimeral area not well delimitate anteriorly; dorsal and ventral metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 107); metapleural carina with one posterior pointed projection. Metascutellum not protruding, not visible in dorsal view, metanotal spine absent (Fig. 108). Mesonotum length 0.24 mm, width 0.41 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.14 mm, width 0.32 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, brachypterous, do not reach T1; sm: 0.17 mm; wing width 0.06 mm, length 0.19 mm. as in Fig. 40f. Legs light brown. Metasoma. Metasoma brown; laterotergites yellow; Coriaceous. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae absent (Figs 107, 108). Female: unknown Comment and variability. The description of this species is based on only a single specimen, which, however, possesses uniquely diagnostic character states: brachypterous with the rare character state where the metascutellum is not visible in dorsal view. Distribution. (Fig. 109) Etymology. The species is named after the country where the specimen was collected, Tanzania. Material examined. Holotype. ��: AFRICA: Tanzania: West Usambara Forests - Site 4, Forest - montane - disturbed, 420m, 1996/05/13, Robertson, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P018754] (wings on slide, in Fig. 40f)., Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 55-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632

Dyscritobaeus flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. (Figs 20, 22, 32, 39c, 39f, 41c, 41d, 44c, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7837D5FF-6591-400A-8387-1CC799963051 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=410566 Dyscritobaeus sp. (d): Caleca & Mineo (1995): Fig. IV, 8 p. 13. Dyscritobaeus sp.: Anthony Watsham Gallery in Platygastroidea website: http://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymDB/ eol_ scelionidae.taxon_image?img_id=307 Diagnosis. The presence of a preoccipital lunula (Fig. 32, 87) distinguishes this species from Dyscritobaeus comitans and other species without a preoccipital lunula. A metascutellum that is visible in dorsal view, wide with posterior margins parallel to mesoscutellum ones, a small metanotal spine, and T2 without a specillum in females (Fig. 88) distinguishes D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. from species of the orientalis- group s.l. (i.e. D. orientalis, D. sulawensis, D. madagascarensis). A metapleural carina with a single posterior pointed projection (Fig. 87) distinguishes this species from those having two pointed projections (D. antananarivensis, D. comitans, D. madagascarensis, D. sulawensis); a character shared with D. ndokii, D. bicolor, D. kilimanjarensis, D. parvipennis and D. tanzaniensis. Color of the head, central keel absent (Figs 20, 89), odontoid process developed (Figs 22, 89) and angle st-pm D. bicolor. Odontoid process forms a 90�� angle with the ventral margin of the ventral tooth; the ventral tooth is larger than the dorsal tooth in females (Fig. 22). The yellow color of the head distinguishes D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. from D. parvipennis. A 12 long as A 11 (Fig. 17), with a corresponding claval sensilla formula: 1:2:2:2:1:0. A smooth mesepimeral sulcus distinguishes the species from a crenulate furrow in D. sulawensis. Description. Female. Length of the body: 1.22 mm. Head. Color yellow; black occipital carina starting from oral foramen and reaching occiput; black rim around ocelli (Fig. 20). Coriaceous; head covered by hair (Fig. 20). Frontal depression with a hollow area starting from the interantennal process and not reaching 1/5 the height of eye (Fig. 20). Central keel very short, not surpassing the deeper part of frontal depression (Fig. 20). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, fan-like striation present in genal area. Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured (Fig. 87). Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.46: 0.4: 0.21 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.11 mm. Measures of eye width: heigth = 0.14: 0.2 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.09: 0.06: 0.12 mm. Mandibles bidentate with odontoid process in ventral margin of lower tooth. The lower tooth longer than dorsal tooth; odontoid process make a 90�� angle with margin of lower tooth (Fig. 22). Antenna (Fig. 41c). Radicle and A 1 yellowish; A 2��� A 12 brown. A 1 length: 0.22 mm. Clava six-segmented. Claval sensilla formula 1:2:2:2:1:0 (Fig. 90). Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum anteriorly yellow to brown in mesoscutellum; mesoscutellum posterior margin yellow; propodeum brown; metascutellum and metanotal spine brown with dark edge (Figs 87, 88). In lateral view brown (Fig. 89). In dorsal view mesoscutum and mesoscutellum imbricate (Fig. 87); in lateral view speculum with furrow; femoral depression smooth with fan-like striation starting by post-ventral angle; posterior mesepimeral area not delimitate anteriorly; dorsal metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae and ventral metapleural area partially smooth (Fig. 89); metapleural carina with one posterior pointed projection (Fig. 87). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, wide with margins parallel to mesoscutellum ones, small metanotal spine (Fig. 87). Mesosoma length 0.31 m, width 0.47 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.16 mm, width 0.34 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; wing ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.2: 0.4: 3.3: 2.8: 8.0: 0.3: 1.4; angle st-pm= 30��, st= 0.1 mm (Fig. 39e), st= 0.1 mm. Legs brown with femur lighter than other part. Metasoma. In dorsal view metasoma light brown in lateral margins; T1 light brown gradually converting in dark brown in the last tergite (Fig. 88); laterotergites yellowish. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae and separate lateral coriaceous microscupture from internal smooth area; in the middle of T1 a sculpure striate to coriaceous starting by anterior margin and gradually dissolving in posterior margin (Fig. 88). T2 not foveolate in anterior margin, very short longitudinal striae, Coriaceous as other tergites (Fig. 88). Male. Length of the body: 1.07 mm. Head. Color and sculpture as in female. Fan-like striation not visible in genal area (Fig. 91). Head surface is hairy (Fig. 91). Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.41: 0.34: 0.21 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.11 mm. Measures of eye width: heigth= 0.12: 0.19 mm. OOL: LOL: POL= 0.08: 0.06: 0.11 mm. Mandibles as in female except odontoid process extremely short and difficult to recognize (Fig. 91). Antenna (Fig. 41d). Radicles and scape yellow; A2���A5 light brown, A6���A12 brown; A1 length: 0.2 mm; A2 as long as 0.7 A3. Mesosoma. Color as in female, sculpture as in female (Fig. 32). Mesonotum length 0.29 mm, width 0.44 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.14 mm, width 0.31 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.3: 0.5: 3.3: 3.5: 8.3: 0.2: 1.0; angle st-pm= 29��; st= 0.1 mm (Fig. 39f). Hind wing as in female. Legs as in female. Metasoma. Color as in female, sculpture as in female (Fig. 92). Edeago as in Fig. 44c. Comment and variability. Three hundred and fifty-three specimens were examined from Africa. Female length ranges from 0.82 mm in Togo to 1.25 mm in Democratic Republic of Congo. Male length ranges from 0.81 mm in Kenya to 1.07 mm in Central African Republic. In both sexes the color is always yellow from dark to light. In male the length of antennal segment A2 is 0.7 times the length of A 3, a ratio that also holds in smaller specimens. Distribution. (Fig. 93) Etymology. This species is named after the uniform yellow coloration of the head and body, which is very different from the other Afrotropical species that have a brown to black colored head in contrast to a yellow body. Material examined. Holotype. ♀: AFRICA: Central African Republic: R��serve Sp��ciale de For��t Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 kilometers 326�� North West Bayanga, Lowland Rainforest, 3��00.27'N, 16��11.55'E, 420m, 2001/05/12, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025586]. Allotype. ��: AFRICA: Central African Republic: Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mab��a Bai, 21.4 km 53�� NE Bayanga, Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, 3��02.01'N, 16��24.57'E, 510m, 2001/05/07, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025571]. Paratypes: AFRICA: Benin: Abomey-Calavi ca. 25km N. Coconou, 7♀, 1��, 1988/12, J. S. Noyes, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 262984, 470135, 470136, 470137, 470138, 470139, 470140, 471194]; Abomey Calavi, ~25 Km N Cotonou, 30♀ ��, XII-1988 JS Noyes, MT, (OSUC), [OSUC 148189, 148190, 148191, 148192, 148193, 148194, 148195, 148199, 148200, 148201, 148202, 237696, 418405, 418418, 418419, 418422, 418425, 418426, 418427, 418429, 418433, 418434, 418436, 418437, 418440, 418441, 418447, 418451, 418455, 418461]; Cameroun: Buea, 2��, 1981/12/24, S. Compton, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971559, (E)#971560]; Mbalmayc, 5♀, 1��, 1993/07, P. Eggleton, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 262985, 470141, 470142, 470143, 470144, 470145]; Nkoemvon, 1♀, 1979/09, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971562]; 5♀, 1979/09, P. Jackson, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 262988, 470146, 470147, 470148, 470149]; 2♀, 1980/01, P. Jackson, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 262989, 470150]; 1��, 1980/01/21, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971561]; 1��, 1980/05/14 ��� 1980/05/18, P. Jackson, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 262986]; 1♀, 1980/ 0 7, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971563]; 1��, 1980/08, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971564]; 14♀, 1��, 1980/08, P. Jackson, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 262990, 470151, 470152, 470153, 470154, 470155, 470156, 470157, 470158, 470159, 470160, 470161, 470162, 470163, 471195]; 1♀, 1980/10/26 ��� 1980/11/13, P. Jackson, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 262987]; Nkoemvon Forest, 1♀, 1��, 1980/09/25, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971565, (E)#971566]; Nkoemvon, Ebolowa, 1��, 1978/03, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971567]; Central African Republic: Dzanga-Ndoki Nat. Park, Mabea Bai, 3��02'N 16��25'E, 510m, 3♀, 2001/05/07, D. L. Fisher, (CNCI), [CNC 262991, 470164, 470165]; Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6km 173�� S Lidjombo, 350m, Lowland Rainforest, 2��21.60'N 16��09.20'E, 350m, 3♀, 1��, 2001/05/21 ��� 2001/05/27, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 030689, P 030690, P 030691]; 3♀, 11��, 2001/05/22, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P02 5600, P025602, P025603, P025604, P025607, P025608, P025609, P025610, P025612, P025614, P025616, P025620, P049537]; 2♀, 8��, 2001/05/23, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P02 5522, P025523, P025524, P025527, P025529, P025530, P025531, P025532, P025533]; 1��, 2001/05/23 ��� 2001/05/24, S. van Noort, Malaise Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025535]; Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mab��a Bai, 21.4 km 53�� NE Bayanga, Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, 3��02.01'N 16��24.57'E, 510m, 1♀, 2001/05/01 ��� 2001/05/07, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 030684]; 1��, 2001/05/02 ��� 2001/05/03, S. van Noort, Malaise Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025551 (wings on slide, Fig. 39f)]; 1♀, 2��, 2001/05/03, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025568, P025569]; 1♀, 3��, 2001/05/04, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P02 5554, P025555, P025560]; 2��, 2001/05/05, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM- P025562, P025563]; 8♀, 7��, 2001/05/06, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025538, P025539, P025540, P025541, P025542, P025543, P025545, P025547, P025548, P025550]; 3♀, 5��, 2001/05/07, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P02 5572, P025574, P025578, P025579, P025581, P025584]; Prefecture Sangha-Mbaere, Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6km 173��S Lidjombo, Lowland Rainforest, 2��21.60'N 16��03.20'E, 350m, 1♀, 2001/05/22, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025521]; R��serve Sp��ciale de For��t Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 kilometers 326�� North West Bayanga, 3��00.27'N 16��11.55'E, 420m, 1��, 2001/05/11 ��� 2001/05/12, S. van Noort, Malaise Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025570]; 1♀, 5��, 2001/05/11 ��� 2001/ 05/17, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P0 30686, P 030687, P 030692, P 030693, P 030694, P 030695]; 2♀, 5��, 2001/05/12, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P02 5585, P025587 (1��, antenna on slide, Fig. 41d), P025588 (1♀, wings and antenna on slide, Figs 39e, 41c), P025590, P025591, P025592, P025593]; 1♀, 1��, 2001/05/13, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025595, P025596]; 1��, 2001/ 05/15, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025597]; 1♀, 5��, 2001/05/17, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P0 25598, P025599, P025601]; Pref. Sangha-Mba��r��, Parc Nat. de Dzanga- Ndoki, Mab��a Bai, 21.4km 53�� NE Bayanga, 3��02.01'N 16��24.57'E, 510m, 1♀ ��, 1���7.v.2001, S. van Noort, YPT, Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, CAR01- Y06, (OSUC), [OSUC 403291]; Prefecture Sangha-Mba��r�� Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6km 173��S Lidjombo, 2��21.60'N 16��03.20'E, 350m, 1♀ ��, 21���27.v.2001, S. van Noort Malaise trap, CAR01- Y70 Lowland rainforest, (OSUC), [OSUC 223603]; Prefecture Sangha-Mba��r�� Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mab��a Bai, 21.4km 53��NE Bayanga, 3��02.01'N 16��24.57'E, 510m, 1♀ ��, 2���3.v.2001, S. van Noort Malaise trap, CAR01- M16 Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, (OSUC), [OSUC 344719]; Prefecture Sangha-Mba��r�� Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6km 173��S Lidjombo, 2��21.60'N 16��03.20'E, 350m, 1♀ ��, 21���27.v.2001, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, lowland rainforest, CAR01- Y61, (OSUC), [OSUC 435196]; Prefecture Sangha-Mba��r�� Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mab��a Bai, 21.4km 53��NE Bayanga, 3��02.01'N 16��24.57'E, 510m, 1♀ ��, 1���7.v.2001, S. van Noort, YPT, Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, CAR01- Y19, (OSUC), [OSUC 400728]; Democratic Republic of the Congo: Bandundu, Wamba, Kikongo Mission, 4��15'S 17��10'E, 1♀, 2006/04/15 ��� 2006/04/17, S. L. Heydon, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 262992]; along forest edge, 7♀, 2006/ 04/19, S. L. Heydon, S. E. Stevenson, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 262993, 470166, 470167, 470168, 470169, 470170, 470171]; Yalocombe B41, 1♀, 2��, 1951/11/03, Debauche, (IRSNB), [I. G. 24.778] [USNMENT01223074, 0 1223075, 01223076]; Yangambi, Cateler, 2♀, 1��, 1949/11/07, Cat��ier, (IRSNB), [I. G. 24.778] [USNMENT01223077, 0 1223078, 01223079]; Gabon: For��t de Mondah, 15���25km N Libreville, 5♀, 1987/11/25 ��� 1987/12/03, J. S. Noyes, (CNCI), [CNC 262994, 470172, 470173, 470174, 470175]; Ghana: Ashanti Prov., Bobiri Forest Reserve, 6��42'N 1��20'W, 3♀, 2001/07/23 ��� 2001/07/31, C. Carlton, O. Frimpong, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 262995, 470176, 470177]; 3♀, 2001/09/05 ��� 2001/09/10, C. Carlton, O. Frimpong, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 262996, 470178, 470179]; 1♀, 2002/05, C. Carlton, O. Frimpong, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 262997]; 05��16'55"N 02��38'30"W Ankasa National Park, 1♀ ��, 9���14.vi.2005 along trail and smaller stream J. Gill & TK Phillips colls., (OSUC), [OSUC 345030]; 05��16'55''N 02��38'30''W Ankasa National Park, Obutwe stream, 76m, 2♀ ��, 9���14.vi.2005 J Gill & T K Philips, (OSUC), [OSUC 181460, 240669]; 06��32'34"N 03��03'06"W Bia National Park Camp 15, Research Camp 190m, 1♀ ��, 22���25.vi.2005 J Gill & T K Philips, YPT, (OSUC), [OSUC 260659]; 6��13.831'N 0��33.477'W Eastern Region, near Kibi, Atewa Range, ~ 700m, 1♀ ��, 6���20.xii.2006 MT, H. Davis & TK Philips, (OSUC), [OSUC 509156]; 6��32'34"N 03��03'06"W Bia National Park Camp 15, Research camp 190m, 1♀ ��, 22���25.vi.2005 J.Gill & TK Phillips coll., YPT, (OSUC), [OSUC 495960]; Guinea: Mt-Nimba, rainforest, 7��41'N 8��23W, 514��� 740m, 6♀, 1990/12���1991/03, L. Lebianc, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 262998, 470180, 470181, 470182, 470183, 470184]; Ivory Coast: Bouach�� - rice field, 1��, 1978/02, P. Cochereau, Yellow Pan Trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471196]; Bouake, 1♀, 3��, 1978/02/07, P. Cochereau, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 262999, 470185, 470186, 470187]; 1♀, 1��, 1978/03, P. Cochereau, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471197, 471198]; rice field, 3♀, 4��, 1980/02, P. Cochereau, (CNCI), [CNC 263002, 470191, 470192, 470193, 470194, 470195, 470196]; 4♀, 3��, 1980/03, P. Cochereau, (CNCI), [CNC 263003, 470197, 470198, 470199, 470200, 470201, 470202]; 2♀, 1980/04, P. Cochereau, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 263004, 470203]; 1♀, 1980/10/11, P. Cochereau, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 263000]; 1♀, 1980/12, P. Cochereau, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 263005]; 3♀, 1��, 1981/10/01, P. Cochereau, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 263001, 470188, 470189, 470190]; Lamto 160km NW. Abijan, 5��02W 6��13'N, 4♀, 1988/11, J. S. Noyes, MT, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 263006, 470204, 470205, 471199]; Ivory Coast: 06��13'N 05��02'W Lamto ~ 160km NW Abidjan, 9♀ ��, xi.1988, MT/YPT coll. JS Noyes, (OSUC), [OSUC 57163, 141959, 141962, 151717, 57187, 64631, 64689, 64803, 64825]; Lamto fauchage, 1♀ ��, 23.iii.1986 J.Y. Rasplus, (OSUC), [OSUC 56469]; Kenya: Kakamega, forest, 1♀, 1��, 1990/12/19 ���1991/01/ 0 2, B. D. Gill, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 263007, 470206]; Nairobi, 1♀, 1982/02, M. C. Lubega, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471207]; 2♀, 1982/03, M. C. Lubega, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 263008, 471200]; Nairobi, environs, 1��0.2301'S 36��0.8513'E, 1656m, 4♀, 2002/04, S. Kimani, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 263009, 470207, 470208, 470209]; Nairobi, Ngong Rd., forest, 1��, 1990/12/11 ��� 1991/01/03, B. D. Gill, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 263010]; 3♀, 1991/12/11, B. D. Gill, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 263011, 470210, 470211]; Rift Valley, Marich Pass, gallery forest along river, 1��32.18'N 35��27.48'E, 917m, 1♀, 2005/04/01 ��� 2005/04/24, (CNCI), [CNC 263012]; Tana River, 10km N. Ctarsen, 10��, 1977/11/23, M. Perret, (MHNG) [USNMENT01223030, 0 1223031, 0 1223032, 0 1223033, 0 1223034, 0 1223035, 0 1223036, 0 1223037, 0 1223038, 01223039]; Western Prov. Kakamega, forest, 0��14.13'N 35��51.87'E, 1♀, 1999/ 04/09 ��� 1999/04/16, R. Copland, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 263013]; Mauritius: Brise Fer, 1♀, 2000/06, L. Woolayer, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 263014]; Mozambique: Niassa Cuamba, Mituque, Centro Pastoral, 1��, 2008/04/12 ���2008/05/ 0 6, M. Olmi, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 263015]; 2♀, 2012/03/28 ��� 2012/04/3, M. Olmi, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 263016, 470212]; 1♀, 2012/04/03 ��� 2012/04/17, M. Olmi, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 263017]; Nigeria: Ibadan, 1♀, 1962/11/10, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 263018]; 1��, 1962/11/16, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 263019]; 1♀, 1962/12/20, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 263020]; 1��, 1962/12/22, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 263021]; 1♀, 1963/01/11, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 263022]; 2♀, 1978/03, B. R. Critchiey, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971568, (E)#971569]; Ibadan, DFR Nursery, 2��, 1963/11/20, M. J. White, Yellow Pan Trap, (UNIPA) [USNMENT01223040, 01223041] (edeago in Fig 8 in Caleca & Mineo, 1995, Fig. 44c); Ibadan, IITA, 3♀, 1987/10, J. S. Noyes, s.s., (CNCI), [CNC 263023, 470213, 470214]; Ondo State, Ibanre Hills, mature forest, 7��05'48''N 5��06'01''E, 437m, 4♀, 1��, 2008/07/17 ��� 2008/ 07/19, J. Hearty, J. Mottern, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 263025, 470216, 470217, 470218, 470219]; 7��06'16''N 5��06'13''E, 465m, 3��, 2008/07/16 ��� 2008/07/17, J. Hearty, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 263026, 470220, 470221]; Osun State, Obafemi Awololo Univ., forest, 7��31'16''N 4��31'20''E, 215m, 3♀, 4��, 2008/07/20, J. Mottern, (CNCI), [CNC 263027, 470222, 470223, 470224, 470225, 470226, 470227]; Oyo Ibadan, IITA compound, 1��, 1987/11, J. S. Noyes, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 470215]; 4♀, 3��, 1987/11, J. S. Noyes, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 263028, 470228, 470229, 470230, 470231, 470232, 470233]; 1♀, 1987/11, J. S. Noyes, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 263024]; Oyo state, Ibadan, IITA, 1��, 1987/10, J. S. Noyes, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 263029]; Kano State, 65km S Kano, 1♀ ��, 11.xi.1987 colls. JS Noyes & P.Neuenschwander, (OSUC), [OSUC 143223]; Oyo State Ibadan, II TA, 1♀ ��, xi. 1987 J. S. Noyes, (OSUC), [OSUC 141960]; Senegal: Tambacounda Niocolo Koba Nat. Pk., gallery forest, 13��48'16''N 13��34'47''W, 144m, 3��, 2007/07/23, F. G��nier, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 263030, 470234, 470235]; South Africa: Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermarizburg Ferncliff Nat. Res., 29&de, Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 41-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632, {"references":["Caleca, V. & Mineo, G. (1995) On the genus Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea: Scelionidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \", Portici, 50, 9 - 11."]}

orientalis -group s.l., parvipennis -subgroup The following species have a preoccipital lunula as in other species of the orientalis -group s.l., but share a metascutellum that is visible in dorsal view, is wide with margins subparallel to the mesoscutellar margin; a small metanotal spine (Figs 32, 35, 36, 37, 80, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 96, 99); and an elongate fore wing with a short or absent pm and a long posterior fringe as D. parvipennis (Dodd) (Figs 39c, d, e, f, Figs 40a, b, d, e)., Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632

comitans -group This group includes species without a preoccipital lunula. In the Afrotropical region we recorded two species: Dyscritobaeus. comitans and D. ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Based on an analysis of the description and figures of Dyscritobaeus indicus (Mukerjee, 1994), in contrast to Mineo et al. (2010) and O’Connor & Ashe (2011), both of whom included this species in the orientalis -group, we consider it as belonging to the comitans -group, because of the clear absence of a preoccipital lunula. This species appears to be morphologically very similar to D. comitans, but unfortunately the holotype was not located in the collection of the Department of Zoology, Government Post-Graduate College, Rishikesh or in ZSI centre of Dehradun, India (K. Rajmohana, in litteris); the only difference with D. comitans is the absence of a specillum on T2. This feature was only recently observed and described (Mineo & Caleca 1992) and we suspect that, as previously happened for D. orientalis in Dodd’s original description (1915), the specillum was overlooked by the author and T2 was described as striate.

Dyscritobaeus sulawensis Mineo, O'Connor et Ashe (Figs 3, 6, 8, 11, 15, 17, 18, 31, 34, 39a, 39b, 44a, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2E29CC1E-9C7D-4E55-89A9-E75772A841E6 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=259484 Mirotelenomus sp.: Mineo & Villa (1982b), p. 138, Figs XXXV, XXXVI, XXXVII Mirotelenomus sp.: Mineo & Villa (1982a), p.178, Figs XXV, XLIII, XLVI, LV Dyscritobaeus sp. (a): Mineo & Caleca (1992) Fig. 1, p. 12; Fig. 3, p. 13. Dyscritobaeus sp. (a): Caleca & Mineo (1995) Figs III, 2, 3 p. 12; Figs IV, 6, 7 p. 13; Figs V, 3, 4 p. 15; Fig. VII, p. 18. Dyscritobaeus sulawensis: Mineo, O���Connor et Ashe (2009), p. 175, original description. Dyscritobaeus sulawensis: O'Connor & Ashe (2012), p. 314. Dyscritobaeus hannibal: O���Connor et Ashe (2011), p. 347. syn. nov. Diagnosis. preoccipital area. The marginalis and stigmalis are normally developed as in D. comitans and most of the other species in the genus; this character distinguishes this species from D. armatus (Dodd), having a reduced stigmalis. T2 with a rounded-shaped specillum in females (Fig. 11), but absent in males (Fig. 34); fore wing shape and angle between stigmalis and postmarginalis similar to D. comitans; the combination of the presence of a specillum in females, absence of specillum in males and features of the fore wing is shared with D. madagascarensis, but distinguishes this species from all species known to be close to D. orientalis (1 described, D. antanananrivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. and 9 undescribed species). In females the antennal segment A 12 is shorter than A 11 (Fig. 17), with a corresponding claval sensilla formula: 0:2:2:2:1:0 (Fig. 18); this character state is unique in the genus. A dorsal tooth that is longer than the ventral tooth (Fig. 74) distinguishes the species from D. madagascarensis in both sexes. In females the specillum is rounded in comparison with drop-shaped specillum of D. madagascarenis; in males the distance between the lateral ocellus and occipital carina is less than the ocellar diameter; the occipital carina is depressed at the vertex in comparison with D. madagascarensis (in which the distance between the lateral ocellus and occipital carina is equal to the ocellar diameter; the occipital carina is less depressed at the vertex). After comparing the description of D. sulawensis (Mineo et al. 2009) and photographs of the holotype kindly taken by James O���Connor, with specimens of this species collected from around the world and with the holotype of D. hannibal, we could not find any significant morphological differences between these two species. As a result we consider D. hannibal to be a junior synonym of D. sulawensis. Description. We provide a redescription to present a comparative uniform treatment of all species included in this paper. Female: Holotype of Dyscritobaeus hannibal O���Connor et Ashe, Maputo, V. 1989, leg. Angela (MSNG). Length of the body: 0.9 mm Head. Color dark brown, lighter in the lower half. Coriaceous, frontal depression with a smooth area starting from the interantennal process and reaching the mid eye height. Central keel reaching 1/3 the height of the eye (Fig. 73). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, striation absent in genal area (Fig. 74). Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured (Figs 3, 15, 75). Head width: height: length = 0.36: 0.31: 0.19 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.1 mm. Eye width: height = 0.11: 0.16 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.14: 0.05: 0.09 mm. Mandibles bidentate with dorsal tooth a little larger than ventral one (Fig. 74). Palpi as in Fig IV 6, 7 after Caleca & Mineo (1995) (Fig. 44a in this paper). Antenna. Radicle and proximal half of A1 yellowish to light brown; distal half of A1 and proximal half of A2 brown; distal half of A2 light brown to yellow; A3 to A12 brown (Fig. 73). A1 length: 0.19 mm; A2 longer as A3+ A4. Clava six-segmented; A11 is long, twice A12 length (Fig. 17). Claval sensilla formula 0:2:2:2:1:0 (Fig. 18). Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesonotum and mesoscutellum dark brown with posterior mesoscutellar margin yellowish; propodeum dark red. In lateral view, pleurae dark red with metapleural carina yellowish (Figs 75, 76). In dorsal view mesonotum and mesoscutellum imbricate; in lateral view speculum with furrow, femoral depression smooth, posterior mesepimeral area delimited anteriorly by a mesepimeral sulcus with a crenulate furrow, dorsal and ventral metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 76). Metapleural carina with two pointed projections, one adjacent to propodeal spiracle and second one at posterior margin (Figs 75, 76). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, triangular, large metanotal spines slightly surpassing propodeum (Figs 75, 76). Mesosoma length 0.19 mm, width 0.35 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.11 mm, width 0.24 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 1.3: 0.5: 3.4: 3.4: 8.3: 0.3: 1.0; angle st-pm= 23�� as in Fig. 39a. st length is 0.08 mm. Coxae brown, femurs brown in the middle to yellowish in the tips; fore and middle tibiae brown in the middle to yellowish in the tips. Hind tibiae and tarsi yellow. Metasoma. In dorsal view, tergites brown, in ventral view sternites brown, laterotergites yellowish. On T1 the pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae and separate lateral coriaceous microscupture from a microsculpure striate to coriaceous starting at basal grooves (Fig. 11). T2 with foveolate anterior margin; costulate to coriaceous, rounded specillum in the middle of T2, costae converging to posterior margin of specillum (Fig. 11). Male (nov.): Singapore, Manday road, 1978/11/30, J. T. Huber, (CNCI), [CNC 471528]. Length of the body: 0.71 mm Head. Darker than in female, black (Fig. 77). Sculpture as in female. Frontal depression shallower than in female; central keel little surpassing 1/3 the height of the eye. Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, striation just evident in genal area. Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.29: 0.25: 0.11 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.07 mm. Measures of eye width: heigth = 0.09: 0.12 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.06: 0.05: 0.05 mm. Mandibles as in female. Antenna. Radicles yellow, scape yellowish on tips, brown in the middle; A 2��� A 12 brown; A 12 two times A 11. Sex segment with keel in the middle of antennomere (Fig. 43) Mesosoma. Color lighter than in female, with some parts brown yellow (Fig. 31). Sculpture as in female. Mesosoma length 0.19 mm, width 0.29 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.07 mm, width 0.19 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 1.4: 0.4: 2.8: 3.1: 7.5: 0.4: 0.6; angle st-pm= 23�� as in Fig. 39b. st length 0.11 mm Metasoma. T1 and first half of T2 yellowish; last part of T2 and all the other tergites brown. Sculpture as in female except T2: specillum absent and costae slightly curving in the middle and converging at posterior margin of T2 (Figs 34, 78). Comment and variability. This species has the widest distribution of all Dyscritobaeus species. Four hundred and fifty-four specimens were examined from Africa, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Australia, Bangladesh, French Polynesia, India, Korea, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippine, Singapore, Solomon Island, Sri Lanka. The degree of sexual dimorphism is also pronounced: specillum present in female and absent in male; female body dark brown, male with black head, mesosoma and metasoma with yellow parts in contrast with the rest brown or dark brown. Female length from 0.61 mm in Oriental specimens to 1.19 mm in Japanese specimens. Females from the Australian region are a little smaller than African ones, the central keel is shorter, and the frontal depression a little bit shallower than in African specimens. Male body length from 0.64 mm in African specimens to 1.2 mm in Japanese specimens. Larger specimens of males are more sculptured than smaller ones. A 2 completely yellow in smaller specimens, brown in the middle in larger specimens. Mesosoma in dorsal view may be brown. In some specimens the costae on T2 are curved in the middle of the posterior margin forming a small area resembling a faint specillum (Figs 34, 78). Anthony Watsham illustrated a dark Dyscritobaeus (available in Johnson 2016: Dyscritobaeus, image 306). This specimen is probably D. sulawensis, considering that Watsham collected many D. sulawensis (see material examined) and no other similar dark Dyscritobaeus specimens, but also in this case, as happened for D. orientalis and probably for D. indicus, he overlooked the presence of the specillum, illustrating T2 as being entirely striate (high magnification and correct lighting is critical to discern the specillum). The holotype of D. hannibal, here considered to be a junior synonim of D. sulawensis, is deposited in the collection of the Genoa Museum (MSNG) and not in the Insect Collection of Portici Universit�� Federico II, Napoli, Italy (DEZA) as stated by O���Connor and Ashe (2011) in the original description. Distribution. This species is recorded from the Oriental, Palearctic, Afrotropical, and Australian regions. Material examined. Holotype. ♀: INDONESIA: Sulawesi: 0��34'N, 123��54'E, 14.x-1.xi.1985, Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, over the first span of the footbridge over the River Toraut, P. Ashe, Malaise Trap, (NMID) [NMINH:2016.7.1]. AFRICA: Benin: Abomey-Calavi ca. 25km N. Coconou, 2♀, 1988/12, J. S. Noyes, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471382, 471383]; Abomey Calavi, ~25 Km N Cotonou, 30♀ ��, XII-1988 JS Noyes, MT, (OSUC), [OSUC 148196, 148197, 148198, 418406, 418407, 418408, 418410, 418411, 418412, 418414, 418416, 418417, 418420, 418423, 418424, 418428, 418430, 418431, 418432, 418438, 418442, 418443, 418444, 418446, 418448, 418450, 418453, 418454, 418456, 418458]; Burkina Faso: Como��, For��t de Boulon, 10��16'39''N 4��29'28''E, 270m, 10♀, 2006/07/07, F. & S. G��nier, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471384, 471385, 471386, 471387, 471388, 471389, 471390, 471391, 471392, 471393]; Cameroun: Nkoemvon, 1♀, 1979/07���1979/08, P. Jackson, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471395]; 1♀, 1979/09, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971580]; 2♀, 1980/04, P. Jackson, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471396, 471397]; 1♀, 1980/05/14 ��� 1980/05/18, P. Jackson, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471394]; Nkoemvon, Ebolowa, 2��, 1978/03���1978/05, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971581, (E)#971582]; 3��, 1979/09, D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971583, (E)#971584, (E)#971585]; 1��, 1980/07���1980/08, Ms D. Jackson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971586]; Central African Republic: Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, 38.6km 173�� S Lidjombo, Lowland Rainforest, 2��21.60'N 16��09.20'E, 350m, 3♀, 5��, 2001/05/22, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM- HYM-P 030679, P 030680, P025605, P025613, P025615, P025619, P047825, P047982]; 1��, 2001/05/23, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025525]; Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mab��a Bai, 21.4 km 53�� NE Bayanga, Lowland Rainforest, marsh clearing, 3��02.01'N 16��24.57'E, 510m, 1♀, 2001/05/03, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025534]; 8��, 2001/05/05, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM- P025552, P025558, P025559, P025561, P025565, P048101, P047977]; 2♀, 3��, 2001/05/06, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025536, P025546, P025566, P047830, P047979]; 1♀, 4��, 2001/05/06 ��� 2001/ 05/06, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P047824, P047980]; 6♀, 5��, 2001/05/07, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025575, P025576, P047826, P047827, P047828, P048100, P047978]; R��serve Sp��ciale de For��t Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 kilometers 326�� North West Bayanga, Lowland Rainforest, 3�� 00.27' N 16�� 11.55' E, 420m, 1♀, 2��, 2001/05/12, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025589, P025594, P047829]; 1��, 2001/05/14 ��� 2001/05/15, S. van Noort, Malaise Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P025553]; 1��, 2001/05/17, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P047981]; Prefecture Sangha-Mba��r�� P.Nat. de Dzanga-Ndoki 38.6km 173��S Lidjombo, 2��21.60'N 16��03.20'E, 350m, 1♀ ��, 24-25.v.2001, S. van Noort Malaise rap, CAR01- M206 Lowland Rainforest, (OSUC), [OSUC 344711]; Democratic Republic of the Congo: Bandundu, Wamba, Kikongo Mission, along forest edge, 4��15'S 17��10'E, 1♀, 2006/04/19, S. L. Heydon, S. E. Stevenson, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 471398]; Yangambi, 1��, 1946/11/07, Cat��ier, (IRSNB), [I. G. 24.778] [USNMENT01223068]; Yangambi, Desmodium Triflorum, Belvedere, 4��, 1946/11/07, (IRSNB), [I. G. 24.778] [USNMENT01223069, 0 1223070, 0 1223071, 01223072]; Gabon: R��serve des Monts Doudou, 25.2 km 304�� NW Doussala, Forest-Coastal lowland rainforest undergrowth - low canopy, 2�� 13.63' S 10�� 23.67' E, 660m, 1♀, 2000/ 03/15, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P048099]; Ghana: Ashanti Prov., Bobiri Forest Reserve, 6��42'N 1��20'W, 1♀, 2001/07/23 - 2001/07/31, C. Carlton, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 471399]; 1♀, 2001/08/01 ��� 2001/08/ 22, C. Carlton, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 471400]; 6��32'34"N 03��03'06"W Bia National Park Camp 15, Research camp, 190m, 48♀ ��, 22-25.vi.2005 J.Gill & TK Phillips coll., YPT, (OSUC), [OSUC 495941, 495942, 495944, 495945, 495946, 495947, 495948, 495949, 495950, 495951, 495952, 495953, 495954, 495955, 495957, 495958, 495959, 495961, 495962, 495963, 495964, 495966, 495967, 495968, 495970, 495971, 495972, 495973, 495974, 495975, 495976, 495977, 495978, 495979, 495980, 495981, 495982, 495983, 495984, 495985, 495986, 495987, 495988, 495989, 495990, 495991, 495992, 495993]; Guinea: Mt-Nimba, rainforest, 7��41'N 8��23W, 514m ��� 740m, 1♀, 1990/12���1991/03, L. Leblanc, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 471401]; Mt-Nimba, Gouan River, 514m, 1♀, 1991/01/15 ��� 1991/01/22, L. Leblanc, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 471402]; Ivory Coast: Bouake, 1♀, 1978/02/07, P. Cochereau, Malaise trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471403]; 2♀, 1978/06���1978/07, P. Cochereau, Malaise trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471409, 471410]; rice field, 4♀, 1980/02, P. Cochereau, (CNCI), [CNC 471411, 471412, 471413, 471414]; 1♀, 1980/02, P. Cochereau, mal. tr., (CNCI), [CNC 471415]; 3♀, 2��, 1980/02, P. Cochereau, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471416, 471417, 471418, 471419, 471420]; 7♀, 1980/03, P. Cochereau, (CNCI), [CNC 471421, 471422, 471423, 471424, 471425, 471426, 471427]; rice field, 1♀, 1980/03, P. Cochereau, mal. tr., (CNCI), [CNC 471428]; 2♀, 1��, 1980/ 10/11, P. Cochereau, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 471404, 471405, 471406]; 2♀, 1981/10/01, P. Cochereau, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 471407, 471408]; 1♀, 1981/12, P. Cochereau, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 471429]; 6��13'N 5��02'W Lamto ~ 160km NW of Abidjan, 13♀ ��, xi.1988 J.S.Noyes MT/YPT, (OSUC), [OSUC 141958, 151718, 151719, 151721, 151722, 64644, 64687, 64743, 64782, 64804, 64820, 64829, 64857]; Lamto Fauchage savane, 1♀ ��, 4.vi.1986 JY Rasplus, (OSUC), [OSUC 56475]; Kenya: Malindi, forest near coast, 1��, 1973/05, H. Falke, (CNCI), [CNC 471430]; Nairobi, 1♀, 1��, 1982/02, M. C. Lubega, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471431, 471432 (��, wing on slide, Fig. 39b)]; 2��, 1982/03, M. C. Lubega, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471433, 471434]; Nairobi, Ngong Rd., forest, 1♀, 1991/12/ 11, B. D. Gill, FIT, (CNCI), [CNC 471435]; Western Prov. Kakamega, 0��14.13'N 35��51.87'E, 1♀, 2000/06/19 ��� 2000/06/26, R. Copland, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471436]; ICIPE Mbita Point Feb., 1♀ ��, 1983 M.C. Lubega, (OSUC), [OSUC 56474]; Nairobi, Kenya Int. Center Ins. Physiol.&Ecol., 1♀ ��, ii.1982 MC Lubega, (OSUC), [OSUC 56470]; 2♀ ��, iii.1982 MC Lubega, (OSUC), [OSUC 56467, 56468]; 1♀ ��, XI.1982 MC Lubega, (OSUC), [OSUC 56473]; Mozambique: (Holotype ♀ + 2 Paratypes ♀ of Dyscritobaeus hannibal O���Connor et Ashe) Maputo, 3♀, 1989/05, Angela, (MSNG) [USNMENT01223044, 0 1223045, 01223046]; 2♀, 1993/05, R. Paci, (UNIPA) [USNMENT01223047, 01223048]; Niassa Cuamba, Mituque, Centro Pastoral, 1♀, 2012/03/28 ��� 2012/04/3, M. Olmi, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471437]; Nigeria: Ibadan, 1��, 1962/10/27, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 471438]; 1♀, 1962/12/15, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 471439]; 1♀, 1962/12/20, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 471440]; 1��, 1962/12/22, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 471441]; 1��, 1962/12/26, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 471442]; 1♀, 1962/12/28, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 471443]; 1��, 1963/01/09, D. C. Eidt, (CNCI), [CNC 471444]; Ondo State, Idanre Hills, 7��06'16''N 05��06'13''E, 437m, 1♀, 2008/07/17, J. Hearty, sweeping, (CNCI), [CNC 471445]; Oyo Ibadan, IITA compound, 1♀, 1987/11, J. S. Noyes, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 471446]; Kaduna St. 81 km NW Jos, 1♀ ��, 11.xi.1987 PNeuenschwander, (OSUC), [OSUC 56477]; Rwanda: Kibali, 1♀, 1977 (UNIPA) [USNMENT01223049]; Seychelles: Denis I., 1��, 2000/04/13, M. J. Hill, MT, plot F1, (CNCI), [CNC 471447]; Mah��, 4��37'S 50��26'E, 50m, 1♀, 2000/08/19, J. S. Noyes, (CNCI), [CNC 471448]; Mah��, Tea Factory, 4��40'S 400m, 1♀, 2000/08/30, J. S. Noyes, (CNCI), [CNC 471449]; South Africa: E. Transvaal, 11km SE Pilgrims Rest, relict native forest, 1400m, 2♀, 1985/12/11 ��� 1985/12/31, S. & J. Peck, FIT-Mal., (CNCI), [CNC 471450, 471451]; Kruger Nat. Park, Pafuri, 12km W jct. Levuvhu & Limpopo Rivers, 2♀, 1984/04/01 ��� 1984/04/21, M. Brigham, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 471452, 471453]; Umtamvuna Nature Reserve, Forest - Coastal, 31�� 03.509' S 30�� 10.484' E, 160m, 1♀, 1��, 2000/11/11 ��� 2000/11/18, S. van Noort, Pitfall Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 031743, P047984]; 2♀, 2000/11/11 ��� 2000/11/18, S. van Noort, Yellow Pan Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P047832]; 28��23.1'S 32��24.4'E KwaZulu-Natal, St. Lucia, el. 10m, Gwalagwala Tr. ANMT site 1088, 11♀ ��, 7-20.ii.2004, Coastal Forest w/many lianas, A. Newton, A. Solodovnikov & M. Thayer, flight intercept trap FMHD #2004-044, (OSUC), [OSUC 344663, 344664, 344665, 344666, 344667, 344668, 344669, 344670, 344671, 344672, 344673]; Tanzania: Dar es Salaam, Univ. Of Dar es Salaam, 1♀, 1984/10���1984/11, J. Middleton, (CNCI), [CNC 471454]; E Usambara Mts., Amani NR, 05��10'34''S 38��36'01''E, 1004m, 1��, 2011/12/15, V. Grebennikov, sift. 0 5, (CNCI), [CNC 471455]; Iringa Kilolo dist., Udzungwa Mts., Ndundulu Forest, Luwala camp area, seasonal flooded meadow grassland surrounded by semi-evergreen montane virgin forest, 1880m, 1��, 2007/03/01 ��� 2007/03/30, L. A. Hansen, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471456]; Mkomazi Game Reserve, Ibaya Camp, Acacia-Commiphora-Combretum bushveld, 3.58'S 37.48'E, 1��, 1996/01/29 ��� 1996/03/11, S. van Noort, Malaise Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM- P018340]; Mkomazi Game Reserve, Kinondo Mtn, Forest edge - Montane, 1♀, 1996/0, Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 29-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632, {"references":["Mineo, G. & Caleca, V. (1992) New characters in Gryonini (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Phytophaga, 4, 11 - 16.","Caleca, V. & Mineo, G. (1995) On the genus Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea: Scelionidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \", Portici, 50, 9 - 11.","Mineo, G., O'Connor, J. P. & Ashe, P. (2009) Description of a new species of Dyscritobaeus (Hym., Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from Sulawesi. Entomologists Monthly Magazine, 145, 173 - 176.","O'Connor, J. P. & Ashe, P. (2012) Description of a second species of Dyscritobaeus from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea, Scelionidae). Entomofauna, Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 313 - 316.","Johnson, N. F. (2016) Hymenoptera Online (HOL). Available from: http: // hol. osu. edu / (Accessed 20 Oct. 2016)"]}

Dyscritobaeus comitans Perkins (Figs 2, 7, 9, 10, 13, 16, 26, 28, 38a, 38b, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:533F0DAB-45ED-428E-A38A-2C3D3 FFB 7475 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=4274 Dyscritobaeus comitans ��: Perkins (1910): p. 622, original description. Dyscritobaeus comitans ��: Kieffer (1926): p. 156, description. Dyscritobaeus comitans ��: (Swezey 1929): p. 284. Dyscritobaeus comitans ��: Johnson (1992), p. 370, catalogued Dyscritobaeus sp. (b) ♀: Mineo & Caleca (1992): Fig. 4, p. 13. Dyscritobaeus comitans ��: Caleca & Mineo (1995): Fig. I, p. 10. Dyscritobaeus sp. (b) ♀: Caleca & Mineo (1995): Fig. IV, p. 12., Fig. VI (6, 7), p. 16 Dyscritobaeus comitans ��: O���Connor & Ashe (2012): p. 315, keyed. Dyscritobaeus cerosus ♀: O���Connor & Ashe (2012): p. 314, original description, syn. nov. We provide a redescription to present a comparative uniform treatment of all species included in this paper. Based on a comparison of the holotypes of D. comitans (male) and D. cerosus O���Connor et Ashe (female), we consider D. cerosus to be a junior synonym of D. comitans; differential characters separating the two specimens are linked to sexual dimorphism, similar to the degree of sexual dimorphism present in other Dyscritobaeus species. The specimen used for the description of the male was selected by one of the authors (V. Caleca) who compared it with the holotype. Diagnosis. The absence of a preoccipital lunula, in combination with a dorsally sharp occipital carina (Figs 2, 16), two character states shared with D. ndokii, distinguish these two species from the other Afrotropical species. A smooth frontal depression in combination with the presence of longitudinal striae on T2 distinguish D. comitans from D. ndokii. Description. Male: Sulawesi Utara: Dumoga Bone Nat., 0��34���N, 123��54���E; 7���25 Jun ���85, Edge of rainforest, 220m, leg. A. D. Austin; (WINC); �� Homotype Dyscritobaeus comitans Perkins, compared by V. Caleca, 1990. Length of the body: 0.7 mm Head. Coriaceous, frontal depression with a smooth area starting from the interantennal process and surpassing mid eye height; central keel reaching 1/2 the height of the eye (Fig. 26). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, striation evident only in genal area (Fig. 50). Head width: height: 0.3: 0.27: 0.14 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.09 mm. Eye width: height = 0.09: 0.12 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.07: 0.05: 0.09 mm. Mandibles bidentate with almost equal teeth. Antenna. Radicle yellow, scape and A2 yellow, A3���A12 brown; A12 twice as long as A11. Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesonotum and scutellum brown with posterior mesoscutellar margin yellowish; propodeum brown (Fig. 48). In lateral view, pleurae brown with metapleural carina yellowish (Fig. 50). In dorsal view mesonotum and scutellum imbricate; in lateral view speculum and femoral depression with furrow, posterior mesepimeral area anteriorly delimited by a mesepimeral sulcus with a crenulate furrow; dorsal and ventral metapleural area smooth anteriorly with crenulate depression with rugae posteriorly (Fig. 50). Metapleural carina with two pointed projections, one adjacent to propodeal spiracle and second one at posterior margin (Fig. 48, 50). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view and metanotal spine small, slightly surpassing propodeum (Figs 48, 52). Mesonotum length 0.15 mm, width 0.3 mm; scutellum length 0.07 mm, width 0.21 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; st length 0.08 mm and ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.9: 0.3: 2.4: 2.3: 6.6: 0.3: 0.6; angle st-pm= 20�� as in Fig. 38b. Metasoma. T1 and T2 yellow, gradually transforming to brown in the other tergites. On T1 a pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae and separate lateral coriaceous area from median area with costae started with basal grooves (Figs 48, 52); T2 with foveolate anterior margin; costulate to imbricate, specillum absent, costae curved in the middle of posterior margin of T2 (Fig. 52). Female: Sulawesi Utara: Dumoga Bone Nat., 0��34���N, 123��54���E; 7���25 Jun ���85, Edge of rainforest, 220 m, leg. A. D. Austin; (WINC); ♀ Dyscritobaeus comitans Perkins, det. V. Caleca. Length of the body: 0.73 mm Head. Color brown. Coriaceous, frontal depression with a smooth area starting from the interantennal process and surpassing mid eye height; central keel reaching mid eye height (Fig. 45). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, striation evident just in genal area (Figs 46, 49). Preoccipital lunula absent (Fig. 16). Measure of the head width: height: length = 0.31: 0.27: 0.16 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.09 mm. Measure of eye width: heigth = 0.1: 0.14 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.06: 0.05: 0.1 mm. Mandibles bidentate with almost equal tooth (Fig. 46). Antenna, radicle, A1 and A2 yellowish to brown; A3 to A12 brown (Fig. 45). A1 length: 0.18 mm; A2 as long as A3+ A4. Clava six-segmented; A11 is longer as A12 (Fig. 45). Claval sensilla formula 1:2:2:2:1:0. Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesonotum and scutellum brown with posterior mesoscutellar margin yellowish; propodeum brown. In lateral view, pleurae brown with metapleural carina yellowish (Fig. 47). In dorsal view mesonotum and scutellum imbricate; in lateral view speculum and femoral depression with furrow, posterior mesepimeral area anteriorly delimited by a mesepimeral sulcus with a crenulate furrow; dorsal and ventral metapleural areas smooth anteriorly with crenulate depression with rugae posteriorly (Fig. 49). Metapleural carina with two pointed projections, one adjacent to propodeal spiracle and second one at posterior margin (Figs 47, 49). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view and metanotal spine small, slightly surpassing propodeum (Figs 47, 51). Mesonotum length 0.16 mm, width 0.29 mm; scutellum length 0.1 mm, width 0.22 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; st length 0.07 mm and ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.8: 0.5: 3.3: 3.2: 8.3: 1.8: 2.2; angle st-pm= 25�� as in Fig. 38a. Legs yellow and coxae brown. Metasoma. In dorsal view, tergites brown, in ventral view sternites brown, laterotergites yellowish. On T1 a pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae and separate lateral coriaceous area from internal costae started with basal grooves (Figs 47, 51). T2 with foveolate anterior margin; costulate to imbricate, specillum elongate in the middle of T2, longitudinal costae converging to posterior margin of specillum as in Figs 13, 51. Comment and variability. Eighty-five specimens were examined from Africa, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal and Hawaii. In females, the anterior fringe of fore wings is long and the specillum is elongate, both of which are genderlinked characters. In all observed females the specillum has a variable shape, particularly at the anterior and posterior margins, it can be short with narrower margins (Figs 13, 51) or longer with wider margins (Fig. 7); the width of the specillum also varies from 9% to 16% of T2 width. Female length from 0.72 mm to 0.74 mm. Male length from 0.69 mm to 0.71mm. Distribution. This species is recorded from the Australian, Palearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical Regions. Material examined. Holotype. ��: USA: Hawaii: Honolulu, Bates st., 1904, Swept R. CLP., (BPBM), [1513]. Homotypes Dyscritobaeus comitans Perkins, compared by V. Caleca, 1990: INDONESIA: Sulawesi Utara: Dumoga Bone Nat. Pk; 0��34'N, 123��54'E, edge of rainforest, 220m, 23��, 7���25.vi.1985, A.D. Austin, (WINC) [USNMENT01223488, 0 1223489, 0 1223000, 0 1223001, 0 1223002, 0 1223003, 0 1223004, 0 1223005, 0 1223006, 0 1223007, 0 1223009, 0 1223010, 0 1223011, 0 1223012, 0 1223013, 0 1223014, 0 1223015, 0 1223016, 0 1223017, 0 1223018, 0 1223019, 0 1223020, 01223022], (1��, wings on slide, Figs 38b); MALAYSIA: Pahang, Genting H���lands, 1��, 1986/12, A.D. Austin, (WINC) [USNMENT01223021]. INDONESIA: Sulawesi, forest side of the River Toraut, N0��34', E123��54', 15-18.ix.1985, Malaise trap, Patrick Ashe leg. (NMID) [NMINH:2016.6.1] (holotype of D. cerosus) INDONESIA: Curug: 1♀, 8��, 1980/02/07 ��� 1980/02/14, H. R. Gillespie, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 394575, 471604, 471605, 471606, 471607, 471608, 471609, 471610, 471611]; 1♀, 2��, 1980/04/01 ��� 1980/04/07, H. R. Gillespie, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471612, 471613, 471614]; 7♀, 1980/04/08 ��� 1980/04/14, H. R. Gillespie, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471615, 471616, 471617, 471618, 471619, 471620, 471621]; 4��, 1980/04/14 ��� 1980/04/21, H. R. Gillespie, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471622, 471623, 471624, 471625]; 1��, 1981/01/04 - 1981/01/11, H. R. Gillespie, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471626]; 1♀, 1981/01/24 ��� 1981/02/12, H. R. Gillespie, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471663]; 3♀, 1981/02/24 ��� 1981/03/10, H. R. Gillespie, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471660, 471661, 471662]; 1♀, 1981/03/23 ��� 1981/04/06, H. R. Gillespie, (CNCI), [CNC 471627]; 1��, 1981/07/05 ��� 1981/05/17, H. R. Gillespie, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471628]; 1♀, 1��, 1981/07/19 ��� 1981/08/21, H. R. Gillespie, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471629, 471630]; Sulawesi Utara: Dumoga Bone Nat. Pk; 0��34'N, 123��54'E, edge of rainforest, 220m, 7♀, 7��� 25.vi.1985, A.D. Austin, (WINC) [USNMENT01223023, 0 1223024, 0 1223025, 0 1223026, 0 1223027, 0 1223028, 01223029], (1♀, wings on slide, Figs 38a); AFRICA: Ivory Coast: Bouake, rice field, 1♀, 1980/03, P. Cochereau, (CNCI), [CNC 471596]; 6��13'N 5��02'W Lamto ~ 160km NW of Abidjan, 2♀ ��, xi.1988 J.S.Noyes MT/YPT, (OSUC), [OSUC 142869, 64685]; Kenya: Nyanza kusa, 0��18'12''S 34��53'21''E, 1♀, 2003/09/11 ��� 2003/10/04, I. Přikryl, Malaise Trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471597]; Mozambique: Niassa Cuamba, Chatholic University of Mozambique farm, 600m, 1♀, 2006/02/02 ��� 2006/04/17, M. Olmi, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471598]; Nigeria: Oyo Ibadan, IITA compound, 1♀, 1987/11, J. S. Noyes, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471599]; Uganda: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biogical Field Station, Primary mid-altitude Rainforest, near stream, 0��33.408'N 30��22.603'E, 1587m, 1♀, 2008/08/02, S. van Noort, Malaise Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 030697]; United Arab Emirates: SSW of Ghaid, 25.09N 55.48E, 1♀, 2005/12/10 ��� 2005/12/29, A. van Harten, light trap, (CNCI), [CNC #3590 /471600]; Zimbabwe: Salisbury, 1♀, 1979/06, A. Watsham, (CNCI), [CNC 471601]; INDIA: Madhya Predesh: Jabalpur, Sof town, scrubby area, 1♀, 1967/03/24, Top��l, (CNCI), [CNC No. 259/471602]; Uttar Predesh: Aligarh, 1♀, 1978/08/11, M. Hayat, (CNCI), [CNC 471603]; JAPAN: Honshu: Douzuki, Obara, 1��, 1990/08/08 ��� 1990/08/17, K. Yamagishi, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 471631]; Kyushu: Fukuoka, Mt Hiko, 700m, 1♀, 1989/09/11 ��� 1989/09/18, K. Takeno, M. Sharkey, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471632]; Tochigi Pref.: Hikinuma, Shiobara, 1♀, 1985/07/12, K. Takahashi, Truck trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471633]; NEPAL: Nepal: centr. Kakani, 2070m, 1♀, 1983/08/1 ��� 1983/08/23, H.G. Allen, Malaise Trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471634]; PHILIPPINES: Leyte: Visca, Baybay, 1♀, 1��, 1982/09/23 ��� 1982/10/20, C. Starr, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 471635, 471636]; THAILAND: Chang: Kiang Doi Suthop, riv. Gully, 1♀, 1985/02/16, D. Jackson, (CNCI), [CNC 471637]; USA: Hawaii: Hilo Coast, Kolekole Beach Park, 1♀, 4��, 1983/10/19, D. M. LaSalle, (CNCI), [CNC 471640, 471639, 471638, 471641, 471642]; Honolulu, 1��, 1906, RCLP Perkins collection, (BPBM to CNCI), [BPBMent 78694]., Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 11-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632, {"references":["Perkins, R. C. L. (1910) Supplement to Hymenoptera. Fauna Hawaiiensis, 2, 600 - 686.","Kieffer, J. J. (1926) 48 Walter de Gruyter & Co. Scelionidae. Das Tierreich. Berlin.","Swezey, O. H. (1929) Notes on the Egg-parasites of Insects in Hawaii. Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7, 282 - 292.","Johnson, N. F. (1992) Catalog of world Proctotrupoidea excluding Platygastridae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 51, 1 - 825.","Mineo, G. & Caleca, V. (1992) New characters in Gryonini (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Phytophaga, 4, 11 - 16.","Caleca, V. & Mineo, G. (1995) On the genus Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea: Scelionidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \", Portici, 50, 9 - 11.","O'Connor, J. P. & Ashe, P. (2012) Description of a second species of Dyscritobaeus from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea, Scelionidae). Entomofauna, Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 313 - 316."]}

orientalis -group s.l. The following species belong to the orientalis- group s.s because they have a preoccipital lunula, characteristic of species of the orientalis -group s.l., and in females they share with D. orientalis the specillum on T2; the metascutellum is visible in dorsal view, triangular; and a large metanotal spine is present. Regarding the fore wing of D. orientalis, in Fig. 37 a we show the slide micrograph (taken by V. Caleca in 1989) of one of the two fore wings mounted on the original slide of the holotype of Mirotelenomus orientalis Dodd preserved at SAMA. Comparing this image to that shown by Mineo et al. (2009; pg. 174, fig. 5), the wing shape and the fringe are very different and it is clear that the latter specimen does not belong to D. orientalis., Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632, {"references":["Mineo, G., O'Connor, J. P. & Ashe, P. (2009) Description of a new species of Dyscritobaeus (Hym., Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from Sulawesi. Entomologists Monthly Magazine, 145, 173 - 176."]}

Dyscritobaeus kilimanjarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. (Figs 40e, 94, 95, 96, 97) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:809914FC-9FB8-4398-950F-E560E4A03839 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=410567 Diagnosis. The reduced wings (Figs 40e, 96), the shape of the metascutellum, which is wide and visible in dorsal view with a small metanotal spine and the sculpture of T1 and T2 (Fig. 96) distinguishes this species from D. antananarivensis, D. madagascarensis, D. sulawensis and D. tanzaniensis; the presence of a preoccipital lunula separates this species from D. comitans and D. ndokii. Dyscritobaeus kilimajarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. differs from D. tanzaniensis by the presence of the metascutellum and sculpture of T1. The species differs from D. bicolor, D. flavus and D. parvipennis by the sculpture of T1 and its brachypterous wings. Description. Male. Length of the body: 1.01 mm. Head. Color dark brown. Coriaceous; head covered by hairs, mandibles yellow. Frontal depression not completely smooth; central keel absent (Fig. 94). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, fan-like striation present in genal area but not reaching half-length of malar sulcus. Malar sulcus length: 0.14 mm. Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured (Fig. 96). Head measures width: height: length= 0.45: 0.37: 0.21 mm. Eye measures width: length = 0.13: 0.17 mm. OOL: LOL: POL= 0.12: 0.08: 0.12 mm. Mandibles bidentate with a small odontoid process (Fig. 95). Antenna. Radicles and scape light brown; A 3 ��� A 12 brown; A 1 length: 0.22 mm; A 2 longer as A 3; A 11: A 12 ratio= 1: 2. Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum brown; mesoscutellum brown with posterior margin yellow; propodeum brown to yellow in lateral margin; metascutellum and metanotal spine brown (Fig. 96); in lateral view brown (Fig. 97). In dorsal view mesoscutum and mesoscutellum imbricate (Fig. 96); in lateral view speculum with furrow; femoral depression smooth with fan-like striation starting by post-ventral angle; posterior mesepimeral area not well delimitate anteriorly; dorsal and ventral metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 97); metapleural carina with one posterior pointed. Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, wide with margins parallel to mesoscutellum ones, small metanotal spine (Fig. 96). Mesonotum length 0.24 mm, width 0.42 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.15 mm, width 0.31 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, brachypterous, length not sourpassing T1; sm: 0.27 mm; wing width 0.11 mm, length 0.36 mm. as in Fig. 40e. Legs yellow except hind coxe light brown. Metasoma. In dorsal view metasoma brown. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are oblique and separate lateral coriaceous microscupture and internal smooth and shiny area (Fig. 96). T2 not foveolate in anterior margin, coriaceous in the rest of tergite. Female: unknown Comment and variability. Seven specimens were examined from Africa. Size of the body homogenous in all this species. All specimens were collected at high altitude (more than 1800 m a.s.l.). Distribution. (Fig. 98) Etymology. The name of this species is linked to the name of the holotype collection area: Mount Kilimanjaro. Material examined. Holotype. ��: AFRICA: Tanzania: Mt. Kilimanjaro, Marangu route, S3.19304��, E37.51515��, 2590m, 2012/11/27, V. Grebennikov, sift 0 4, (CNCI), [CNC 471153]. Paratypes. AFRICA: Tanzania: Kilimanjaro, 1��, 1909, Katona, (HNHM) [USNMENT01223043]; Rubeho Mts. At Ipondelo vl., 6��50'20''S 36��34'32''E, 1875m, 5��, 2011/12/21, V. Grebennikov, sift 10, (CNCI), [CNC 471154 (wing on slide, in Fig. 40e), 471155, 471156, 471157, 471158]., Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 47-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632

Dyscritobaeus antananarivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. (Figs 33, 38d, 42, 60, 61, 62, 63) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:449C0 A 01-DB17-45E2-892E-76 EADAA 63 AD0 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=410565 Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguished from D. comitans and D. ndokii by the presence of the occipital lunula and specillum in males. The species can be differentiated from D bicolor, D. flavus, D. ndokii and D. parvipennis by the dorsal tooth, which is 4 times longer than the ventral tooth, pm> st (Fig. 38d), a triangular metascutellum and long metanotal spine, metapleural carinae with two pointed projections and specillum present in males; furthermore it differs from D. ndokii, also by an anteriorly well delimited posterior mesepimeral area (Figs 63). Dyscritobaeus antananarivensis differs from D. sulawensis and D. madagascarensis by the sex segment keel on the distal part of fifth antennomere (Fig. 42), OOL/POL= 0.78, T2 with specillum and T3 without striae (Fig. 62); it also differs from D. sulawensis by the large dorsal tooth of the mandible, which is 4 times as long as than the ventral tooth (Fig. 61). Description. Male. Length of the body: 0.75 mm Head. Color, light brown. Coriaceous, frontal depression with a smooth area starting from the interantennal process and reaching the mid eye height, central keel surpassing the eye level (Fig. 60). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, striation just evident in genal area. Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured (Fig. 62). Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.31: 0.27: 0.16 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.08 mm. Measures of eye width: heigth = 0.1: 0.13 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.07: 0.05: 0.9 mm. Distance lateral ocellus to occipital carina less than ocellar diameter. Mandibles bidentate with dorsal tooth 4 time longer than ventral one (Fig. 61). Antenna. A 1 ��� A 12 brown; A 12 length twice A 11 length. Sex segment with keel in the distal part of antennomere (Fig. 42). Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum, scutellum and propodeum light brown. (Fig. 62). In lateral view, pleurae light brown (Fig. 63). In dorsal view mesoscutum and mesoscutellum coriaceous. In lateral view speculum with furrow, femoral depression smooth, posterior mesepimeral area delimitate anteriorly by a mesepimeral sulcus with a crenulate furrow, dorsal and ventral metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 63). Metapleural carina with two pointed projections, one adjacent to propodeal spiracle and second one at posterior margin. Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, triangular; large metanotal spine, slightly surpassing propodeum (Fig. 62). Mesonotum length 0.18 mm, width 0.28 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.09 mm, width 0.19 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; wing ratio st: pm: mg: ww: af: pf = 1: 1.0: 0.4: 2.9: 0.3: 0.8; angle st-pm= 28�� as in Fig. 38d. st length is 0.08 mm. Legs yellow, except coxae dark yellow. Metasoma. (Fig. 62). In dorsal view, tergites brown, in ventral view sternites brown, laterotergites light brown. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae. They separate a lateral coriaceous area from an internal area where striate sculpture starts with basal grooves and finishes to coriaceous. T2 with foveolate anterior margin; costulate to colliculate, drop shaped specillum in the middle of T2 not well delimitated at sides and on top; costae converging to posterior margin of specillum (Figs 33, 62). T3 without striae. Comment. The species is represented by only a single male specimen. The combination of character states represented by the presence of a specillum in male and a long dorsal tooth, which is 3-4 times as long as the ventral tooth is unusual in Afrotropical species, but this character combination is commonly represented in Dyscritobaeus species from the Oriental region. Distribution. (Fig. 64) Etymology. The name of this species is linked to the locality Antananarivo where the type was collected. Material examined. Holotype. ��: AFRICA: Madagascar: 25km W. Tananarive, 1983/05/24 ��� 1983/05/29, J. Noyes & M. C. Day, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971551] (wings on slide, in Fig. 38d)., Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632

Dyscritobaeus madagascarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. (Figs 12, 19, 38c, 38f, 43, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:493AA8D4-D4A1-4FF5-BF06-076C91289FBE http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=410569 Diagnosis. The dorsal tooth is 4 times as long as the ventral tooth in both sexes, which distinguishes D. madagascarensis and D. antananarivensis from the other Afrotropical species. Presence of the preoccipital lunula (Fig. 15) distinguishes this species from D. comitans and D. ndokii. The drop-shaped T2 specillum in females (Fig. 12, 69) and equal length of female A 11 and A 12 distinguish this species from D. sulawensis. The specillum is absent in males (Fig. 70) as in D. sulawensis. The male of this species differs from D. antananarivensis by the position of the sex segment keel (in the middle of fifth antennomere, Fig. 43), OOL/POL= 1, T2 without specillum, T3 with short striae (in D. antananarivensis: the sex segment keel is in the distal part of antennomere as in Fig.42, OOL/POL= 0.78, T2 with specillum and T3 without striae as in Fig. 62); the male differs from D. sulawensis by the distance between the lateral ocellus and occipital carina as being equal to the diameter of the ocellus, the occipital carina is less depressed at vertex and shape and by the size of the mandible teeth (Fig. 68) (in D. sulawensis: the distance between the lateral ocellus and occipital carina is less than the ocellus diameter; the occipital carina is depressed at the vertex and the mandible dorsal tooth is as long as the ventral tooth, as in Fig 74). Description. Female. Length of the body: 1.23 mm Head. Color, dark brown. Coriaceous, frontal depression with a smooth area starting from the interantennal process and reaching the mid eye height (Fig. 65). Central keel reaching the eye level (Fig. 65). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, short striation is also present in genal area (Fig. 67). Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured (Fig. 69). Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.5: 0.44: 0.26 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.12 mm. Ratio of eye width: heigth = 0.17: 0.24 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.1: 0.06: 0.11 mm. Distance lateral ocellus to occipital carina = 1 ocellar diameter. Mandibles bidentate with dorsal tooth 4 time longer than ventral one (Fig. 67). Antenna. A 1 to A 7 yellowish, A 8 to A 12 brown. A 1 length: 0.23 mm; A 2 longer as A 3+ A 4. Clava sixsegmented; A 11 is as long as A 12 (Fig. 19). Claval sensilla formula 1:2:2:2:1:0. Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum dark brown with posterior mesoscutellar margin yellowish; propodeum dark red. (Fig. 69). In lateral view, pleurae dark red (Fig. 71). In dorsal view mesoscutum and mesoscutellum imbricate. In lateral view speculum with furrow, femoral depression smooth, posterior mesepimeral area delimitate anteriorly by a mesepimeral sulcus with a crenulate furrow, dorsal metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae, ventral metapleural area smooth (Fig. 71). Metapleural carina with two pointed projections, one adjacent to propodeal spiracle and second one at posterior margin. Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, triangular, and large metanotal spine, slightly surpassing propodeum (Fig. 69). Mesonotum length 0.29 mm, width 0.47 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.16 mm, width 0.35 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; st length 0.12 mm and ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 1.2: 0.3: 3.3: 3.2: 7.8: 0.2: 0.9; angle st-pm= 20�� as in Fig 38e. Legs yellow, except coxae dark yellow. Metasoma. In dorsal view, tergites brown, in ventral view sternites brown, laterotergites light brown. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae. They separate a lateral coriaceous area from an internal area where striate sculpture starts with basal grooves and finishes to coriaceous (Fig. 69). T2 with foveolate anterior margin; costulate to colliculate, drop shaped specillum in the middle of T2, costae converging to posterior margin of specillum (Fig. 12). T3 with costae long �� of T3 (Fig. 69). Male. Length of the body: 1,1 mm Head. Sculpture as in female. Frontal depression shallower than in female, central keel as in female (Fig. 66). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, striation just evident in genal area (Fig. 68). Measures of the head width: height: length = 0.45: 0.38: 0.20 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.11 mm. Measures of eye width: heigth = 0.16: 0.2 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.09: 0.06: 0.09 mm. Mandibles as in female (Fig. 68). Antenna: A1 and A2 yellow, A3 to A12 brown. Sex segment with spine in the middle of antennomere (Fig. 43). A12 length twice A11 length. Mesosoma. Color and sculpture as in female. Mesonotum length 0.29 mm, width 0.43 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.15 mm, width 0.31 mm (Fig. 70). Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; st length 0.12 mm and ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 1.3: 0.4: 3.0: 3.2: 7.8: 0.1: 0.6; angle st-pm= 24�� as in Fig. 38f. Metasoma. tergites brown. Sculpture as in female except T2: longitudinal parallel costae, specillum not present. T3 striate as in female (Fig. 70). Comment and variability. Sixteen specimens were examined from Madagascar. The size of the body is very homogenous in all the specimens, female occasionally completely brown. A bidentate mandible with the dorsal tooth stronger and longer than the ventral tooth is a character state typical of many Dyscritobaeus species from the Oriental, Australian, Neotropical and Nearctic regions. This character state is present in only two Malagasy species and is absent in all species from the African continent. The absence of a specillum in males confirms the presence of sexual dimorphism in respect of the T2 sculpture as in D. sulawensis and D. comitans. Distribution. (Fig. 72). Etymology. The name of the species is linked to the island where the specimens were collected. Material examined. Holotype. ♀: AFRICA: Madagascar: Ranomafana Nat. Park, 21��14'51''S, 47��24'13''E, 1079m, 2010/11/16 ��� 2010/11/18, P. Ba��ař, sifting, (CNCI), [CNC 471138]. Allotype. ��: AFRICA: Madagascar: Ranomafana Nat. Park, 21��14'51''S, 1079m, 2010/11/16 ��� 2010/11/18, P. Ba��ař, sifting, (CNCI), [CNC 471150]. Paratypes. AFRICA: Madagascar: 40km N. Ambilobe, 1♀, 1981/09/19, J. Wilson, (BMNH), [BMNH (E)#971570]; Antsiranana, Marojejy Res., 8.4km NNW Manantenina, 14��26'S 49��45'E, 700m, 2♀, 1��, 1993/11/ 10 ��� 1993/11/16, C. Griswold, J. Coddington, N. Scharff, S. Larcher, R. Andriamasimanana, (CNCI), [CNC 471143, 471144, 471145]; CE Andasibe Nat. Park, 1♀, 2010/11/03 ��� 2010/11/06, P. Ba��ař & L. S. Rahanitriniaina, Circuit Indri 2 sifting, (CNCI), [CNC 471152]; Montagne d'Ambre Nat. Park, 1100m, 2♀, 4��, 2010/10/30, P. Ba��ař, sifting, (CNCI), [CNC 471139 (♀, wings on slide, Fig. 38e), 471140, 471146, 471147, 471148, 471149 (��, wings on slide, Fig. 38f)]; Ranomafana Nat. Park, 21��14'51''S 47��24'13''E, 1079m, 2♀, 1��, 2010/11/16 ��� 2010/11/18, P. Ba��ař, sifting, (CNCI), [CNC 471141, 471142, 471151]., Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 25-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632

Dyscritobaeus parvipennis (Dodd) (Figs 14, 25, 35, 36, 37, 40a, 40b, 40d, 41e, 41f, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6933DDC1-C513-4FCA-899E-5 A 53F2C59CF1 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=4280 Hadronotus parvipennis: Dodd (1913), p. 172, original description. Hadronotus aquaticus: Dodd (1913), p. 173, original description. Hadronotus parvipennis: Dodd (1915), p. 19, keyed. Hadronotus aquaticus: Dodd (1915), p. 19, keyed. Mirotelenomus parvipennis: Dodd (1926), p. 313, generic transfer. Mirotelenomus aquaticus: Dodd (1926), p. 313, generic transfer. Hadronotus parvipennis: Kieffer (1926), p. 455, 469, description keyed. Hadronotus aquaticus: Kieffer (1926), p. 455, 469, description keyed. Mirotelenomus parvipennis: Galloway (1976), p. 97, type information. Mirotelenomus aquaticus: Galloway (1976), p. 97, type information. Mirotelenomus parvipennis: Johnson (1992), p. 440, catalogued, type information. Mirotelenomus aquaticus: Johnson (1992), p. 440, catalogued, type information. Dyscritobaeus parvipennis: Caleca & Mineo (1995), p. 17, generic transfer. Mirotelenomus acquaticus: Caleca & Mineo (1995), p. 17, misspelled, synonymization with Dyscritobaeus parvipennis. Dyscritobaeus maputanus: O���Connor et Ashe (2011), p. 344, original description. syn. nov Diagnosis. Presence of a preoccipital lunula (Fig. 100) distinguishes this species from D. comitans and other species without a preoccipital lunula. A metascutellum that is visible in dorsal view, wide with posterior margins parallel to mesoscutellar margins, a small metanotal spine (Fig. 99), and a T2 without specillum in female (Fig. 14) distinguish this species from other species of comitans- group and orientalis- group. Metapleural carina with one posterior pointed projection (Fig. 87) distinguishes this species from D. sulawensis, D. comitans and D. madagascarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov.; this character is shared with D. bicolor, D. flavus sp. nov, D. kilimanjarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov., D. tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. and D. ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Absence of a central keel (Figs 25, 104) and a developed odontoid process (Figs 102, 103) distinguishes this species from D. bicolor. The odontoid process forms an angle of about 45�� with ventral margin of lower tooth, dorsal and lower teeth of same length in female (Fig. 102) and brown color of the head distinguishes D. parvipennis from D. flavus. postmrginalis not developed. Fore wing shape, angle between st and hypothetical pm (= anterior border of fore wing) 28�����30��. In males, A 2 is as long as A 3. This character state distinguishes this species from D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. A smooth mesepimeral sulcus with fan-like striation (Fig. 101) distinguishes this species from D. sulawensis which has a crenulate mesepimeral furrow. Description. We provide the re-description based on an Australian female and an Australian brachypterous male that were in 1989 compared (by one of the authors: V. Caleca) with the female holotype of Hadronotus parvipennis Dodd and with the holotype of Hadronotus aquaticus Dodd (both on the same slide); both of these specimens used for the description were collected close to the type locality. Female. AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Bellenden Ker State Forest nr. Cable car station, Central Pk., Bellenden alpine rain forest, 17��12'S 145��51'E, 1979/11/20, E.C. Dahms, J.B. Woolley & J. La Salle (QDPC) (wing on slide, Fig. 40a)]; Length of the body: 0.94 mm. Head. Color brown, mandibles yellow. Coriaceous; head covered by short hairs. Frontal depression with a deep area starting from the interantennal process and not reaching 1/5 the height of eye (Fig. 25). Central keel absent (Fig. 25). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, fan-like striation absent in genal area (Fig. 25). Preoccipital lunula present and sculptured. Head measures width: height: length = 0.35: 0.33: 0.18 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.09 mm. Eye measures width: heigth = 0.1: 0.15 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.08: 0.08: 0.11 mm. Mandibles bidentate with odontoid process in ventral margin of lower tooth. The lower tooth have the same length of dorsal tooth; odontoid process make an angle with margin of lower tooth of about 45�� (Figs 25, 102). Antenna (Fig. 41e). Radicle and A1 yellowish; A2���A12 brown, light brown in ventral part. A1 length: 0.18 mm; A2 longer than A3+ A4. Clava six-segmented. Claval sensilla formula 1:2:2:2:1:0. Mesosoma. In dorsal view, mesoscutum anteriorly brown; mesoscutellum brown with posterior margin yellow; propodeum brown; metascutellum and metanotal spine brown with dark edge (Figs 99). In lateral view light brown (Fig. 101). In dorsal view mesoscutum and mesoscutellum imbricate (Fig. 99); in lateral view speculum with furrow; femoral depression smooth with fan-like striation starting by post-ventral angle; mesepimeral sulcus smooth and not well delimitated anteriorly; dorsal and ventral metapleural area with crenulate depression with rugae (Fig. 101); Metapleural carina with one posterior pointed projection (Fig. 99). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view, wide with margins parallel to mesoscutellum ones, small metanotal spine (Fig. 99). Mesosoma length 0.36 mm, width 0.31 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.11 mm, width 0.25 mm. Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0: 0.4 3.2: 2.6: 7.3: 0.4: 1.3; angle st-anterior margin 30�� (Fig. 40a), st= 0.1 mm. Legs yellow. Metasoma. In dorsal view metasoma light brown (Figs 14, 99); laterotergites yellowish. On T1 pair of longitudinal submedial carinae, aligned with the metapleural carinae, separating lateral coriaceous area from internal smooth area; in the middle of T1 sculpure striate to coriaceous starting from anterior margin and gradually dissolving in posterior margin (Fig. 99). T2 not foveolate in anterior margin, very short longitudinal striae, coriaceous as other tergites (Fig. 99). Male. Australia: Queensland: Gatton, 27��34'S 152��17'E, 1981/04/28 ��� 1981/05/05, yellow pan trap in potato crop # 198, (QDPC). Length of the body: 0.67 mm Head. Color darker than in female, sculpture more evident than in female. Head surface hairy. Frontal depression shallower than in female (Fig. 104); central keel absent as in female; Fan-like striation visible in malar area and not visible in genal area (Fig. 104). Head measures width: height: length = 0.36: 0.3: 0.16 mm. Malar sulcus length: 0.08 mm. Eye measures width: length = 0.1: 0.15 mm. OOL: LOL: POL = 0.09: 0.06: 0.11 mm. Mandibles as in female but odontoid process shorter (Fig. 103). Antenna (Fig. 41f). Radicles and scape yellow; A2���A12 brown; A1 length: 0.19 mm; A2: A3 ratio= 1.1. Mesosoma. Color, sculpture as in female. Mesonotum length 0.22 mm, width 0.35 mm; mesoscutellum length 0.12 mm, width 0.26 mm (Fig. 36). Wings. Fore wing hyaline, reaching T2; wing ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0: 0.4: 3.4: 1.9: 6.1: 0.3: 0.3; angle st- anterior margin 29�� (Fig. 40d), st= 0.08 mm and it is curved. Legs as in female. Metasoma. Color, sculpture as in female (Fig. 36). Comment and variability. 132 specimens were examined from Africa, Australia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, New Caledonia, Philippine and Thailand. The holotype is on slide as well as the Holotype of Hadronotus aquaticus. The Holotype of D. maputanus and slide preparation of the wings are deposited in the collection of MSNG and not in the Insect Collection of Portici Universit�� Federico II, Napoli, Italy (DEZA) as stated by O���Connor & Ashe (2011). Female length ranges from 0.79 mm of Tanzania specimens to 1.02 mm of South African specimens. Male length ranges from 0.67 mm of Australian specimens to 1.02 mm of South African specimens. In males there is a large variability in wings from brachypterous (reaching T2 or slightly surpassing the posterior margin of T2) to macropterous (slightly surpassing the metasoma) (Figs 35, 36, 37); when the fore wing surpasses the metasoma, the wing ratio is: st: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.4: 2.9: 2.9: 7.4: 0.2: 1.1; angle stanterior margin 28�� (Fig. 40b), st= 0.09 mm. The head can vary from dark brown to light brown, but it is never black as in D. bicolor (Figs 35, 36, 37, 104). Female specimens are sometimes completely brown. Distribution. This species is recorded from the Oriental, Afrotropical and Australian Regions. Material examined. Holotype. ♀: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Ingham, Herbert River, swamp, 21m, 1913/ 01/13, A.P. Dodd, sweeping grass in a swamp, (SAMA) [SAMA-I 11133], on slide together with the holotype of Hadronotus aquaticus (Dodd) [SAMA-I 11134]. Homotypes Hadronotus parvipennis Dodd, compared by V. Caleca, 1989: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Bellenden Ker State Forest nr. Cable car station, Central Pk., Bellenden alpine rain forest, alpine rain forest, 17��12'S 145��51'E, 1♀, 1979/11/20, E.C. Dahms, J.B. Woolley & J. La Salle, (QDPC); Western Australia: Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau, 19��49'S 125��50'E, 1♀, 1983/05/09 ��� 1983/05/19, I.D. Naumann & J.C. Cardale, Malaise/ ethanol, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070475 (wing on slide, in Fig. 40a)]. Homotypes Hadronotus aquaticus Dodd, compared by V. Caleca, 1989: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Gatton, potato crop, 27��34'S 152��17'E, 1��, 1981/04/06 ��� 1981/04/13, pitfall trap # 202, (QDPC); Homotype Hadronotus aquaticus Dodd, compared by V. Caleca, 1989, 1��, 1981/04/13 ��� 1981/04/21, yellow pan trap in potato crop # 52, (QDPC); Homotype Hadronotus aquaticus Dodd, compared by V. Caleca, 1989, 1��, 1981/04/25 ��� 1981/05/05, yellow pan trap in potato crop # 198, (QDPC); Homotype Hadronotus aquaticus Dodd, compared by V. Caleca, 1989, 1��, 1981/04/28 ��� 1981/05/05, yellow pan trap in potato crop # 198, (QDPC): Homotype Hadronotus aquaticus Dodd, compared by V. Caleca, 1989, 1��, 1981/05/18 ��� 1981/05/25, yellow pan # 18, (QDPC); Mt. Cook Nat. Pk., Cooktown, 15��29'S 145��16'E, 1��, 1980/10/11 ��� 1980/10/12, J.C. Cardale, caught in yellow tray, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070445]; Mt. Webb Nat. Pk., AUSTRALIA: Nothern Territory: Darwin, Coconut Grove, 1♀, 1972/11/14, T. Angeles, Berlesate ANIC 445, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070437]; Kakadu, N p Ubirr, rainforest, 1♀, 1993/12/13 ��� 1993/12/25, S. & J. Peck, (CNCI), [CNC 471178]; Queensland: 14km WbyN Hope Vale Mission, 15��16'S 144��59'E, 1♀, 1��, 1980/10/08 ��� 1980/10/10, J.C. Cardale, yellow pantrap (ethanediol), (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070438, 32- 070439]; 26km up Tinaroo Ck. Rd. Via Mareeba, 17��04'S 145��30'E, 1♀, 1983/09/29 ��� 1983/11/11, Storey & Brown, (QDPC); 2kmS Horseshoe Lookout, Blackdown Tableland, 23��46'S 149��06'E, 1♀, 1981/04/23 ��� 1981/04/24, I.D. Naumann, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070440]; 3km NE of Mt. Webb, rainforest litter, 15��03'S 145��09'E, 1♀, 1980/10/01 ��� 1980/10/03, T. Weir, Berlesate ANIC 691 Sieved rainforest litter, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070441]; 1♀, 1981/04/30 ��� 1981/05/03, A. Calder & J. Feehan, Berlesate ANIC 722 rain forest litter, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070442]; Daintree Nat. Park, Cape Tribulation, 16��14.311'S 145��25.945'E, 1��, 2005/12/18 ��� 2005/12/19, A. R. Deans & M. Buffington, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 471179 (wings on slide, in Fig. 40d)]; Davis Creek N. P. 10km E Mareeba, disturbed dry sclerophyl forest, 3♀, 1984/02/18, L. Masner, s.s., (CNCI), [CNC 471180, 471181, 471182]; Emmett Ck., 10 km NW Giru, 1��, 1980/05/11, I.D. Naumann & J.C. Cardale, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070443]; Eungella (near school), 1♀, 1980/05/09, I.D. Naumann & J.C. Cardale, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070444]; Gatton, potato crop, 27��34'S 152��17'E, 1♀, 1981/04/ 0 6, D-vac in potato field # 129, (QDPC); Homotype Hadronotus aquaticus Dodd, compared by V. Caleca, 1989,; Gatton, D.P.I. Research Stn., 2♀, 1981/03/09 ��� 1981/03/16, Malaise trap, (QDPC); Ingham, Herbert River, swamp, 21m, 1��, 1913/01/13, A.P. Dodd, sweeping grass in a swamp, (SAMA) (holotype of Hadronotus aquaticus, in slde); Julatten, Chacherty Rd., intercept trap site 12, 1♀, 1983/02/04 ��� 1983/02/25, A. Walford-Huggins, intercept trap, (QDPC); Kuranda, 1000m, 1♀, 1984/02/21, L. Masner, s.s., (CNCI), [CNC 471183]; Mt. Webb Nat. Pk., 1♀, 1981/04/20 ��� 1981/04/27, I.D. Naumann, caught in yellow tray, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070446]; Palm Cove, Malaleuca Resort, 1♀, 1989/05/12 ��� 1989/05/14, V. Caleca & G. Buglisi, Yellow pan trap, (UNIPA); Paluma Dam, 1♀, 1980/ 05/12 ��� 1980/05/13, I.D. Naumann & J.C. Cardale, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070447]; Peases Lookout, Eungella Nat. Pk., 1♀, 1980/05/09, I.D. Naumann & J.C. Cardale, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070448]; Shiptons Flat, 15��47'S 145��14'E, 1��, 1980/10/17 ��� 1980/10/19, J.C. Cardale, caught in Malaise trap, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070449]; Townsville, suburb garden, garden, 1��, 1988/05/21 ��� 1988/05/26, A.D. Austin, pan trap, (WINC); Windsor Tableland via Mt. Carbine, 1♀, 1983/12/26 ��� 1984/01/24, Storey & Halfpapp, MDPI FIT, (QDPC); Western Australia: "Marun" CALM Site 6/4, Prince Frederick Harbour, Closed forest and margins, 15��00'S 126��21'E, 4♀, 2��, 1988/06/06 ��� 1988/06/11, I.D. Naumann, Malaise, trough and pan traps, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070450, 32- 070451, 32- 070452, 32- 070453, 32- 0 70454, 32- 070455]; "The Crusher" CALM Site 9/1, 4 km S by W Mining Camp Mitchell Plateau, Closed forest litter, 14��52'S 125��50'E, 1♀, 16��, 1988/06/02 ��� 1988/06/06, I.D. Naumann, Berlesate ANIC 1080, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070456, 32- 070457, 32- 070458, 32- 070459, 32- 070460, 32- 070461, 32- 070462, 32- 070463, 32- 070464, 32- 0 70465, 32- 070466, 32- 070467, 32- 070468, 32- 070469, 32- 070470, 32- 070471, 32- 070472]; Lone Dingo, Mitchell Plateau, 14��35'S 125��45'E, 1♀, 1983/05/09 ��� 1983/05/19, I.D. Naumann & J.C. Cardale, ex pantraps, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070473]; 1♀, 1983/05/09 ��� 1983/05/19, I.D. Naumann & J.C. Cardale, Malaise /ethanol, (ANIC), [ANIC 32- 070474]; AFRICA: Kenya: Kiambu, Kikuyu Escarp., 2000m, 2��, 1977/11/03, Mahnert Perret, (MHNG); Lamu pres the Witu, 1♀, 1977/10/26, Mahnert Perret, (MHNG); Nairobi, Nairobi Game Park, 2♀, 1980/03/28, D. Levin, pan trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471162, 471163]; Mozambique: Maputo, 1♀, 1989/05, Angela, (MSNG), [USNMENT01223485] (holotype of D. maputanus); Reunion Is.: St. Denis, 3��, 1998/10/22 ��� 1998/10/30, B. Mullens, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 471159, 471160, 471161]; Somaliya: Uebi-Shebeli: Afg��ye, 2♀, 1977/04, F. Bin, Malaise Trap, (UNIPA); 1♀, 1978/05, F. Bin, Malaise Trap, (UNIPA); 1♀, 1978/06, F. Bin, Malaise Trap, (UNIPA); South Africa: Karkloof, Leopards Bush Nature Res, 19km 251 NNE Howick, 1350m, 1♀, 1998/08/29, B. L. Fisher, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P0 39156 (antenna on slide, in Figs 41e)]; Kruger Nat. Park, Skukuza, 1��, 1985/12/15 ��� 1985/12/18, M. Sanborne, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471164]; Kwazulu Natal, 35km N Port Edward, 30��45'S 30��39'E, 450m, 1♀, 2009/12/28, J. Halada, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 471165]; Kwazulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1♀, 2003/12/24 ��� 2004/01/14, M. Mostovski, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471166]; Kwazulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Hilton, 1♀, 2003/11/13 ��� 2003/11/23, M. Mostovski, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471167]; Limpopo province, Magde Baskloof, 1♀, 1��, 2003/12/03, Melika, Mik��, (CNCI), [CNC 471168, 471169]; Pretoria, ARC campus, 1��, 2003/12/09, Melika, Mik��, YPT, (CNCI), [CNC 471170]; S. A. K.N. P. (Kruger Nat. Park), Satara, 1��, 1985/12/16 ��� 1985/12/18, M. Sanborne, mal., (CNCI), [CNC 471171]; Transvaal, 25km W Pretoria, 1♀, 1984/11/ 25 ��� 1984/11/29, H. & A. Howden, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471172]; Umtamvuna Nature Reserve, Forest - Coastal, 31��03.509'S 30��10.484'E, 160m, 3♀, 2000/11/11 ��� 2000/11/18, S. van Noort, Pitfall Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM- P 031745, P 031746, P049539]; 1♀, 2000/11/14, S. van Noort, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 031752]; 1♀, 2000/11/15 ��� 2000/11/16, S. van Noort, Malaise Trap, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P 031756]; 1��, 2000/11/17, S. van Noort, Sweeping, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P0 31758 (antenna on slide, in Fig. 41f)]; 22��11.504'S 29��16.812'E Northern Prov. Nr. Den Staat, Samaria Farm by Limpopo River, 1750ft., 6♀ ��, 18.xii-1999 - 31.iii.2000 FIT, TK Philips coll., (OSUC), [OSUC 222282, 222293, 222294, 223360, 223361, 223400]; 22��11.50'S 29��16.81'E Northern Prov. Samaria Farm nr Den Staat @ Limpopo River, 4♀ ��, 18.xii-1999- 31.iii.2000 FIT, TK Philips coll., (OSUC), [OSUC 223398, 223399, 223401, 222201]; 25��32.459'S 28��26.762'E Gauteng Prov. Boekenhout Sand Farm, 2♀ ��, 22.xii.1999 - 18.i.2000 1240m FIT TKPhilips coll., (OSUC), [OSUC 243515, 243516]; 25��40'S 28��00'E Gauteng, Magaliesburg, 5.6 km W of M17 on Hwy 513, Shoeman Farm, MT, 2♀ ��, 22.i.2000, TK Philips, (OSUC), [OSUC 171591, 171590]; 31��03.509'S 30��10.484'E Kwazulu-Natal, Umtamvuna Nature Res. 160m, 1♀ ��, 11-18.xi.2000 S.van Noort KW00-Y35; Yellow pan. Coastal Forest /Pondoland Coastal Plateau Sour Grassland margin, (OSUC), [OSUC 243513]; 31��03.509'S 30��10.484'E Kwazulu-Natal, Umtamvuna Nature Res., 160m, 2♀ ��, 11-18.xi.2000; S. van Noort, YPT, Coastal Forest /Pondoland Coastal Plateau Sour Grassland margin, KW00- Y23, (OSUC), [OSUC 400725, 400727]; Tanzania: Mkomazi Game Reserve, foot of Maji Kununua, Combretum bushveld at base of valley, 1♀, 2��, 1996/05/12, H.G. Robertson, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P018791]; Mkomazi Game Reserve, forest above Ibaya, Forest edge - Montane, 1��, 1996/05/07, H.G. Robertson, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P018770]; Mkomazi Game Reserve, Kinondo Mtn, 1��, 1996/05/09, H.G. Robertson, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P018846]; Mkomazi Game Reserve, valley north west of Ibaya Camp, Woodland in river valley, 2♀, 3��, 1995/12/02, H.G. Robertson, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P015017]; leaf litter extraction from beneath Ficus sycomorus, 1♀, 1��, 1995/12/06, H.G. Robertson, Winkler Bag, (SAMC), [SAM-HYM-P01 5000, P015001]; Yem en: Ar Rujum, 1��, 2000/10/16 ��� 2000/01/15, A. van Harten, MT, (CNCI), [CNC 471173]; Zimbabwe: Harare, Chishawasha, 1��, 1980/04, A. Watsham, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 471174]; Salisbury, 1♀, 1��, 1980/12, A. Watsham, Yellow Pan Trap, (CNCI), [CNC 471192, 471193 (wings on slide, in Fig. 40b)]; Zimbabwe (Rhodesia): Harare (Salisbury), Chishawasha, 1♀, 1979/12, A. Watsham, (CNCI), [CNC 471175]; 1♀, 1980/03, A. Watsham, (CNCI), [CNC 471176]; INDIA: Uttarkhand: Garhwal (UP), pr��s de Chamoli &agrave, Published as part of Tortorici, Francesco, Caleca, Virgilio, Noort, Simon Van & Masner, Lubomir, 2016, Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4178 (1) on pages 50-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261632, {"references":["Dodd, A. P. (1913) Some new parasitic Hymenoptera from Australia. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79, 164 - 182.","Dodd, A. P. (1915) Notes and corrections on Australian Proctotrypoidea, with descriptions of forty-five new species. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80, 1 - 32.","Dodd, A. P. (1926) Australian Hymenoptera Proctotrupoidea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 50, 298 - 314.","Kieffer, J. J. (1926) 48 Walter de Gruyter & Co. Scelionidae. Das Tierreich. Berlin.","Galloway, I. D. (1976) The types of Australian species of the subfamily Scelioninae (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Queensland Journal of Agriculture and Animal Science, 33, 83 - 114.","Johnson, N. F. (1992) Catalog of world Proctotrupoidea excluding Platygastridae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 51, 1 - 825.","Caleca, V. & Mineo, G. (1995) On the genus Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea: Scelionidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \", Portici, 50, 9 - 11."]}

The genus Encyrtoscelio Dodd is revised. E. apterus (Szelényi), E. mirissimus Dodd, E. turneri Waterston are redescribed, and six new species are described: E. cydni Caleca, E. japonicus Caleca, E. mediterraneus Caleca, E. miroides Caleca, E. spuratus Caleca and E. undecim Caleca. A key to separate females is presented, and is based on the number of antennomeres and claval sensillar formula, mandibular spurs and teeth, palpal formula and clypeus, and some cephalic characters. Morphological adaptations of the head and mandibles are discussed in relation to host habitat and oviposition site. Information on host associations, habitat preference, seasonal and daily occurrence of some species are also presented.

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