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Jamandre, Brian Wade (2023): Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist. Zootaxa 5301 (2): 151-181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1

FAMILY Apogonidae Yarica hyalosoma (Bleeker, 1852); Native; Humpbacked Cardinalfish; Found in rivers across the Philippines; USNM 424760; Kottelat 2013, Corpuz et al. 2016; LC

Abe, Kimiya, Sasaki, Daichi, Maclaine, James, Kimura, Seishi (2023): First Northwest Pacific Record of the Apogonid Fish, Pristiapogon taeniopterus (Actinopteri: Kurtiformes) from Minamidaito Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Species Diversity 28 (1): 117-122, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.28.117, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.28.117

“ Apogon ” americanus (Dante & Frizzell, 1965) Fig. 20F–J “ Myctophum ” americanum Dante & Frizzell in Frizzell & Dante, 1965: 696, pl. 86 figs 14–16. “ Apogonida ” americana – Nolf 2013: 96, pl. 230. Remarks This species is characterized by the nearly equal length of the ostium and cauda and by the large ostial colliculum. Therefore, it reasonably aligns with the features of apogonid otoliths. However, the massive and protruding rostrum and compact posterior part of the otolith is not seen in any of the Recent apogonid genera. We here follow Nolf’s (2013) interpretation and place it as an incertae sedis genus within Apogonidae. A very large specimen (9 mm length) was collected at the Stone City Bluff (Texas) (Fig. 20G), expanding the range of otolith ontogeny of the species. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution Lutetian: Weches Formation and “Stone City beds”, Texas. Bartonian: Wheelock Member, Texas., Published as part of Lin, Chien-Hsiang & Nolf, Dirk, 2022, Middle and late Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA, pp. 1-122 in European Journal of Taxonomy 814 on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.814.1745, http://zenodo.org/record/6484355, {"references":["Frizzell D. L. 1965. Otolith-based genera and lineages of fossil bonefishes (Clupeiformes, Albulidae). Senckenbergiana Lethaea 46 a: 85 - 110.","Frizzell D. L. & Dante J. H. 1965. Otoliths of some early Cenozoic fishes of the Gulf Coast. Journal of Paleontology 39: 687 - 718.","Nolf D. 2013. The Diversity of Fish Otoliths, Past and Present. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels.","Muller A. 1999. Ichthyofaunen aus dem atlantischen Tertiar der USA. Leipziger Geowissenschaften 9 / 10: 1 - 360."]}

Apogon sp. Fig. 20D–E Remarks Several small otoliths (n = 33) from localities in Texas are here assigned to Apogon. These likely belong to juveniles, and their non-diagnostic morphology does not allow further assignment. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution Lutetian: “Stone City beds”, Texas. Bartonian: Cook Mountain Formation, Texas., Published as part of Lin, Chien-Hsiang & Nolf, Dirk, 2022, Middle and late Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA, pp. 1-122 in European Journal of Taxonomy 814 on page 62, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.814.1745, http://zenodo.org/record/6484355

The fossil otoliths of the southern USA have been known for more than 130 years and are among the richest assemblages worldwide. However, previous studies are often scattered and with outdated systematic scheme. A collection of over 25000 otoliths ranging in age from the Lutetian to the Priabonian from 47 sites in five states in the eastern and southern USA is analysed here. Combined with the earlier described material, at least 101 otolith-based taxa are documented, of which 83 are identified at species level. Fourteen of these are introduced as new species: Elopothrissus bernardlemorti sp. nov., “Muraenesox” barrytownensis sp. nov., Pseudophichthys texanus sp. nov., Paraconger wechesensis sp. nov., Neoopisthopterus weltoni sp. nov., “aff. Glyptophidium” stringeri sp. nov., Symmetrosulcus dockeryi sp. nov., Mene garviei sp. nov., “Citharus” varians sp. nov., Waitakia beelzebub sp. nov., Astroscopus compactus sp. nov., Parascombrops yanceyi sp. nov., Anisotremus rambo sp. nov., and Pagellus pamunkeyensis sp. nov. The assemblages are distinct fom contemporary European faunas by the complete lack of mesopelagic fish otoliths, and by the presence of sciaenids. Dominant taxa in the American Eocene are the Ophidiidae, Sciaenidae, Lactariidae, and Congridae. They indicate shallow-water environments for all the sampled sites. The notable abundance of those taxa suggests that they could have a higher turnover rate, and provided fundamental nutrition in the local Paleogene marine ecosystem. Further analyses of the species in the stratigraphic succession revealed that a faunal turnover between the Claiborne and Jackson seas was evident in teleosts, and it might be more widespread in other marine organisms in the region.

Apogon guadalupensis (Osburn & Nichols, 1916). Guadalupe Cardinalfish. To about 13 cm (5 in) TL (Miller and Lea 1972). Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, southern California (Richards and Engle 2001) to tip of Baja California (Robertson and Allen 2002) and Islas Revillagigedo (Sandknop and Watson in Moser 1996). Depth: 10���30 m (33���98 ft) (Robertson and Allen 2002). Likely a synonym of Apogon atricaudus Jordan & McGregor, 1898 (Pi��eros et al. 2019)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157.","Richards, D. V. & Engle, J. M. (2001) New and unusual reef fish discovered at the California Channel Islands during the 1997 - 1998 El Nino. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 100, 175 - 185.","Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.","Moser, H. G. (Ed.). (1996) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. CALCOFI Atlas, No. 33.","Pineros, V. J., Beltran-Lopez, R. G., Baldwin, C. C., Barraza, E., Espinosa, E., Martinez, J. E. & Dominguez-Dominguez, O. (2019) Diversification of the genus Apogon (Lacepede, 1801) (Apogonidae: Perciformes) in the tropical eastern Pacific. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 132, 232 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.12.010"]}

Apogon atricaudus Jordan & McGregor, 1898. Plain Cardinalfish. To 9 cm (3.5 in) TL (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California).Anacapa (Christopher Grossman, pers. comm. to M.L.) and San Clemente Islands, southern California (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California) and Isla Guadalupe, central Baja California (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California) to Gulf of California to central Mexico (Robertson and Allen 2015) and islands of eastern Pacific (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). Depth: 1���50 m (3���165 ft) (min.: Kuiter and Kozawa 2019; max.: Sandknop and Watson in Moser 1996)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. and Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 2.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa. http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages","Eschmeyer, W. N. & Herald, E. S. (1983) A Field Guide to Pacific Coast Fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.","Kuiter, R. H. & Kozawa, T. (2019) Cardinalfishes of the World. Aquatic Photographics, Victoria and Anthis, Okazaki, Aichi.","Moser, H. G. (Ed.). (1996) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. CALCOFI Atlas, No. 33."]}

Unidentified opistognathid. Lissner and Dorsey (1986) observed from a manned submersible a jawfish they were unable to identify at Tanner��� Cortes Bank, southern California., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Lissner, A. L. & Dorsey, J. H. (1986) Deep-water biological assemblages of a hard-bottom bank-ridge complex of the southern California continental borderland. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 85, 87 - 101."]}

Apogon retrosella (Gill, 1862). Barspot Cardinalfish. To 10.2 cm (4.1 in) TL (Thomson et al. 1979). La Jolla, southern California (Walker et al. 2020); Islas San Benito, Isla de Cedros, and Isla Natividad, central Baja California (Ram��rez-Valdez et al. 2015) and, on mainland, Rocas Chester (27��53���N, 115��04���W), central Baja California (M.L., unpubl. data) to Colombia (Beltr��n-Le��n and Rios Herrera 2000), including Gulf of California (Sandknop and Watson in Moser 1996). Depth: intertidal to 61 m (200 ft) (min.: Thomson and Lehner 1976; max.: Sandknop and Watson in Moser 1996)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Thomson, D. A., Findley, L. T. & Kerstitch, A. N. (1979) Reef Fishes of the Sea of Cortez. John Wiley and Sons, New York.","Walker, H. J. Jr., Hastings, P. A., Hyde, J. R., Lea, R. N., Snodgrass, O. E. & Bellquist, K. F. (2020) Unusual occurrences of fishes in the Southern California Current System during the warm water period of 2014 - 2018. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecss. 2020.106634","Ramirez-Valdez, A., Aburto-Oropeza, O., Palacios-Salgado, D. S., Reyes-Bonilla, H., Dominguez Guerro, I., Hinojosa Arango, G., Correa S., F., Villasenor-Derbez, J. C., Cota-Nieto, J. J. & Hernadez-Velasco, A. (2015) The nearshore fishes of the Cedros Archipelago (north-eastern Pacific) and their biogeographic affinities. CalCOFI Reports, 56, 143 - 167.","Beltran-Leon, B. S. & Rios Herrera, R. (2000) Estadios Tempranos de Peces del Pacific Colombiano. Republica de Colombia. Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura INPA.","Moser, H. G. (Ed.). (1996) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. CALCOFI Atlas, No. 33.","Thomson, D. A. & Lehner, C. E. (1976.) Resilience of a rocky intertidal fish community in a physically unstable environment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 22, 1 - 29."]}

Apogon pacificus (Herre, 1935). Pink Cardinalfish. To 10 cm (3.9 in) TL (Allen and Robertson 1994). San Clemente Island, southern California (Richards and Engle 2001) and mainland off Arrecife Sacramento (29��40���N, 115��47���W) (M.L., unpubl. data), central Baja California to Cabo San Lucas, southern Baja California (Grove and Lavenberg 1997) to Pucusana, Peru (Chirichigno and V��lez 1998), including Gulf of California (Robertson and Allen 2002), Islas San Benito (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), and Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Depth: 1���96 m (3���315 ft) (min.: Robertson and Allen 2002; max.: Amezcua Linares 1996). Apogon parri Breder, 1936, is a junior synonym., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Allen, G. R. & Robertson, D. R. (1994) Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.","Richards, D. V. & Engle, J. M. (2001) New and unusual reef fish discovered at the California Channel Islands during the 1997 - 1998 El Nino. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 100, 175 - 185.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Chirichigno, F. N. & Velez D, J. (1998) Clave para identificaticar los peces marinos del Peru (segunda edicion, revisada y actualizada). Instituto de Mar de Peru Publicacion Especial.","Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.","Amezcua Linares, F. (1996) Peces Demersales de la Platforma Continental del Pacifico Central de Mexico. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico."]}

Key to the Indian Ocean species of Cercamia: overlapping variation may render the key unsatisfactory for single specimens 1 Second dorsal fin I,10; no melanophores on cheek................................................ C. laamu n. sp. - Second dorsal fin I,9; melanophores on cheek present......................................................... 2 2 Developed gill rakers on lower limb 10–11; anal-fin rays usually 11; oblique iridescence bluish stripe dorsoposteriorly on peritoneum................................................................................. C. spio n. sp. - Developed gill rakers on lower limb usually 12–13; anal-fin rays usually 12–13; no iridescence stripe posteriorly on peritoneum.......................................................................................... 3 3 Developed gill rakers on lower limb usually 12; anal-fin rays usually 12................................... C. eremia - Developed gill rakers on lower limb usually 13; anal-fin rays usually 13........................... C. mascarene n. sp., Published as part of Fraser, Thomas H., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. & Alpermann, Tilman J., 2021, Review of the cardinalfishes of the genus Cercamia (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean with descriptions of three new species, pp. 363-394 in Zootaxa 5039 (3) on page 369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5039.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5511436

The representatives of Cercamia from the Indian Ocean including Red Sea are reviewed and three new species are described: Cercamia spio n. sp., formerly known as C. eremia (Allen, 1987), is described from 14 specimens, 17–33 mm SL, collected in 10–15 meters from northern (Duba) to central (Jeddah) Saudi Arabia and from Jezirat Fara’un, Egypt. It also has been photographed from the Gulf of Aqaba (Dahab, Egypt) and El Quseir (Mangrove Bay, Egypt). The new species is distinguished from other Indian Ocean Cercamia in having fewer developed gill rakers on lower limb (usually 11 versus usually 12–13) and fewer anal-fin rays (11 versus usually 12–13). Another new species, Cercamia laamu, n. sp., is described only from the Maldives and Chagos Archipelago based on five specimens 16.0–30.5 mm SL. It differs from all Indian Ocean Cercamia in having more greater number of the second dorsal-fin rays (10 versus usually 9), and a translucent body devoid of reddish marks versus small reddish dots and crisscross lines. The third new species, Cercamia mascarene, n. sp., is described from 40 specimens 19–36 mm SL, from Rodrigues Island, Mauritius. It differs from Cercamia eremia in having a greater number of developed gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (usually 13 versus usually 12). Free neuromasts and cephalic pores are illustrated for Cercamia mascarene and free neuromasts on the body and caudal fin are illustrated for Japanese specimens of C. cf. eremia. New diagnoses are provided for Cercamia cladara, the type species of the genus, and C. eremia. A map of collection locations for species of Cercamia is presented to show the breath of known occurrences in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. A new morphologic diagnosis is provided for Cercamia. A phylogenetic analysis of the barcoding portion of the mitochondrial COI gene, including all available sequences from members of the genus Cercamia, displays a much higher species diversity than expected, with high levels of divergence among recognized and undescribed species. A key to the described Indian Ocean species is provided.

Cercamia cladara Randall & Smith, 1988 (Figures 1–3, 4A; Table 2) Frail Cardinalfish Cercamia cladara Randall & Smith, 1988: 7, fig. 2 (type locality, French Polynesia, Society Islands, Rapa; holotype: BPBM 31978)— Randall 2005: 197 (South Pacific); Williams et al. 2006: 255 (Wallis Islands). Holotype. BPBM 31978, 27.1 mm SL, French Polynesia, Society Islands, Rapa, reef at entrance to Haurei Bay, JER 71-11-10, 15– 18 m, 10 Feb 1971. Paratypes. All same data as holotype: AMNH 75135, 23.3 mm SL, cleared and double stained; CAS 61348, 28.5 mm SL; NSMT-P44801, 30.5 mm SL, digital x-ray from film; USNM 290959, 32.6 mm SL; WAM P29655.001, 25.7 mm SL. Other material examined. Tonga: USNM 444209, 19, 21.6–33.5 mm SL, Ha’apai Group, Tuaniu Reef, 19°16’48”S 174°22’59”W, JTW 93-27, 2– 7 m, 10 Nov 1993, photograph 1, 28.8 mm SL, glycerin with cartilage stain; USNM 334714, 26, 16.8–38.8 mm SL, Tongatapu Group, Malinoa I., 21°01’39”S 175°07’21”E, 11–17 m, 27 Oct 1993, 1, 32 mm SL, glycerin with cartilage stain, dissected (reported as USNM 334713, a typo). Society Islands : ROM 60988, 3, 30.0– 32.5 mm SL, Moorea, half way down W side of Opunohu Bay off Green Beacon, 17°30’23.9998”S, 149°51’23.9998”E, RW89-26, 21.3 m, photograph, 11 Dec 1989. Diagnosis. A species of Cercamia with anal-fin spines and rays II,12–13; second dorsal-fin spine and rays I,9; developed gill rakers on upper limb 2–3, developed gill rakers on lower limb 14–16; translucent reddish body with reddish dots and crosshatching; cheek with stellate melanophores (Fig. 1A). Distribution. Possibly distributed in the South Pacific only, from the Chesterfield Island (Coral Sea) and Tonga, east to French Polynesia. Additional study is needed to know its distribution. Additional Description. Combined notes on a radiograph of paratype NSMT-P44801 (Fig. 1B), a cleared and stained paratype AMNH 75135 of 23.3 mm SL (Fig. 2) and a cleared and stained specimen USNM 334714 of 32 mm SL (Fig. 3). The latter specimen double stained, bone stain very faint, likely a combination of small size and too long in unbuffered formalin, cartilage stained elements dominate. Eye sclera a narrow circular cartilaginous ring; 0/0/1/2/1/ for anterior dorsal elements; one supernumerary dorsal-fin spine and one supernumerary anal-fin spine; distal radials on first four proximal middle pterygiophores of first dorsal fin, present on all second dorsal and anal fin pterygiophores; ribs start on third vertebra, epineurals on vertebrae 1 and 2, then on ribs of third and fourth vertebrae, on parapophysis of fifth to ninth vertebrae; basihyal absent; cleithrum narrow without upper posterior process; single postcleithrum thin, very long from near supracleithrum to edge of abdomen, well behind the pelvics (Figs 2A, 3); first pharyngobranchial present, cartilaginous; interarcual cartilage long and slender; tooth patches on 2 nd, 3 rd, and 4 th epibranchial; no teeth on tongue; no developed supraoccipital crest; most bones poorly ossified; infraorbitals complete, shelves unknown. Remarks. Randall & Smith (1988) did not include much osteological information for Cercamia cladara based on their cleared and stained specimen. Baldwin & Johnson (1999) cited literature and provided some new comparative information. Their published information was based on cleared and stained specimens identified in the list of material as C. cladara, USNM 341821 and USNM 444209 cataloged as C. eremia, both from Tonga. We think it needs study to determine if this is an undescribed species. They reported 2–5 short spines on the posterior edge of the preopercle (Fig. 4A), gill rakers on the second arch, two pair of epineurals, no basisphenoid and an unossified third epural. Although Bergman’s (2004) figure 1 shows the basic organization of the cephalic canals, she omitted the coronal commissure. Her illustration, figure 17 of C. cladara show evidence for a series of pores along this cross connection. Cercamia cladara differs from all known species of the genus by higher count of developed gill rakers 2–3 + 14–16 = 17–20 (Randall & Smith 1988). The scales we examined are cycloid scales consistent with other species even though Randall & Smith described the scales as weakly ctenoid. In the phylogenetic analysis of the COI barcoding region, Cercamia cladara specimens form a monophyletic clade (see Fig. 5). Two specimens representing the species were previously identified as C. eremia, the specimens were re-identified herein based on their placement in the phylogeny. These two specimens (FUT258-18 and FUT360- 18) were collected at Wallis and Futuna Islands and they differ in eight diagnostics (> 1.2 %), albeit translationally silent, nucleotide substitutions from the residual seven specimens of this species, which were collected from French Polynesia (Moorea or Gambier Islands). As detailed morphological examination of the sequence vouchers was not feasible in the frame of the current study, we are not aware of morphological distinctions among specimens of the two geographically separated populations. Overall intraspecific divergence with a mean p-distance of 1.1 %, however, appears to be relatively high in C. cladara over the sampled distribution range, when compared to other species of Cercamia studied herein (see Discussion). This clade is unlikely to survive with more molecular data based on geographic distance and known distribution of these two species. In the ML tree, the clade composing C. cladara forms a sister clade to the new species C. spio n. sp. from the Red Sea, from which it is well divergent., Published as part of Fraser, Thomas H., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. & Alpermann, Tilman J., 2021, Review of the cardinalfishes of the genus Cercamia (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean with descriptions of three new species, pp. 363-394 in Zootaxa 5039 (3) on pages 369-373, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5039.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5511436, {"references":["Randall, J. E. & Smith, C. L. (1988) Two new species and a new genus of cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from Rapa, South Pacific Ocean. American Museum Novitates, 2926, 1 - 9.","Randall, J. E. (2005) Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific: New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawai'i, Hawaii, 707 pp.","Williams, J. T., Wantiez, L., Chauvet, C., Galzin, R., Harmelin-Vivien, M., Jobet, E., Juncker, M., Mou-Tham, G., Planes, S. & Sasal, P. (2006) Checklist of the shorefishes of Wallis Islands (Wallis and Futuna French Territories, South-Central Pacific). Cybium, 30 (3), 246 - 260.","Isari, S., Pearman, J. K., Casas, L., Michell, C. T., Curdia, J., Berumen, M. L. & Irigoien, X. (2017) Exploring the larval fish community of the central Red Sea with an integrated morphological and molecular approach. PLoS ONE, 12 (8), e 0182503. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0182503","Mabuchi, K., Fraser, T. H., Song, H., Azuma, Y. & Nishida, M. (2014) Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 3846 (2), 151 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.2.1","Thacker, C. E. & Roje, D. M. (2009) Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 735 - 745. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.05.017","Allen, G. R., Erdmann, M. V. & Mahardini, A. (2015) Cercamia melanogaster, a new species of cardinalfish (Apogonidae) from West Papua, Indonesia. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 14, 57 - 65.","Baldwin, C. C. & Johnson, G. D. (1999) Paxton concilians: a new genus and species of pseudamine apogonid (Teleostei: Percoidei) from northwestern Australia: The sister group of the enigmatic Gymnapogon. Copeia, 1999 (4), 1050 - 1071. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1447980","Bergman, L. M. R (2004) The cephalic lateralis system of cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) and its application to the taxonomy and systematics of the family. Dissertation, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 373 pp."]}

Ostorhinchus fasciatus (White, 1790) Apogon fasciatus: Goren et al., 2009a; Stern, 2010; Levitt, 2012; Goren, et al., 2016. Ostorhinchus fasciatus: Brand, 2013, Arndt et al., 2018 EPIGONIDAE Epigonus constanciae (Giglioli, 1880) Epigonus constanciae: Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005; Goren et al., 2019. Epigonus denticulatus (Dieuzeide, 1950 Epigonus denticulatus: Goren. e t al., 2019 SILLAGINIDAE EPIGONIDAE Epigonus constanciae (Giglioli, 1880) Epigonus constanciae: Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005; Goren et al., 2019. Epigonus denticulatus (Dieuzeide, 1950 Epigonus denticulatus: Goren. e t al., 2019 SILLAGINIDAE, Published as part of Golani, Daniel, 2021, An updated Checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel, with illustrations of recently recorded species and delineation of Lessepsian migrants, pp. 1-108 in Zootaxa 4956 (1) on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4691195, {"references":["Goren, M., Galil, B. S., Diamant, A., Gayer, K & Stern, N. (2009 a) First record of the Indo-Pacific cardinal fish Apogon fasciatus (White, 1790) in the Mediterranean. Aquatic Invasions, 4 (2), 409 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2009.4.2.21","Levitt, Y. (2012) The impact of depth gradient on the status of alien species along the Mediterranean Sea coast of Israel. M. Sc. Thesis. Tel-Aviv University, 90 pp.","Brand, D. (2013) The effect of Lessepsian migration on the diet of the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates) and the short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) along the Israeli coastline. Ms. C thesis. Haifa University, 87 + 3 pp. [Hebrew with English abstract]","Goren, M., Danovaro, R., Rothman, S. B. S., Mienis, H. K. and Galil,. B. S. (2019) Snapshot of the upper slope macro-and Megafauna of the spiutheastern Mediterranean Sea: ecological diversity and protection. Vie et Milieu - Life and Environment, 69 (4), 233 - 248."]}

* Apogonichthyoides pharaonis (Bellotti, 1874) Apogon taeniatus: Haas & Steinitz, 1947. Apogon duops: Ben-Tuvia, 1953b. Apogon thurstoni: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953b. Apogonichthyoides nigripinnis: Ben-Tuvia, 1966; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Ben-Tuvia, 1978; Por, 1978; Ben-Tuvia, 1985; Goren, et al., 2016; Galil & Goren, 2019. Apogon nigripinnis: Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Ethad, 2004 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007. Apogon pharaonis: Gon, 2000, Gon & Randall, 2003; Golani, et al., 2004; Goren et al., 2008; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.). Apogonichthyoides pharaonis: Levitt, 2012. * Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (R��ppell, 1838) Cheilodipterus novemstriatus: Goren et al., 2010b; Lipsky, 2012 (Art. Reef); Levitt, 2012; Rothman, et al., 2013; Goren, et al., 2016; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). * Jaydia queketti (Gilchrist, 1903): Apogon queketti: Golani, 2008; Goren et al., 2008; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). * Jaydia smithi (Kotthaus, 1970) Apogon smithi: Golani, et al. 2008; Goren, et. al., 2008; Stern, 2010; Klopman, 2011 (Parasit.); Gilaad, 2011; Levitt, 2012; Brand, 2013; Gilaad et al., 2017 (Feed.); Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.). Jaydia smithi: Goren, et al., 2016; Arndt et al., 2018., Published as part of Golani, Daniel, 2021, An updated Checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel, with illustrations of recently recorded species and delineation of Lessepsian migrants, pp. 1-108 in Zootaxa 4956 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4691195, {"references":["Haas, G. & Steinitz, H. (1947) Erythrean fishes on the Mediterranean coast of Palestine. Nature, 160, 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 160028 b 0","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1953 b) New Erythrean fishes from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Nature, 172, 464 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 172464 b 0","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1953 a) Mediterranean fishes of Israel. Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station, Haifa, 8, 1 - 40.","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1966) Red Sea fishes recently found in the Mediterranean. Copeia, 1966, 254 - 275. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441133","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1971 a) Revised list of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 20, 1 - 39.","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1978) Immigration of fishes through the Suez Canal. Fishery Bulletin, 76 (1), 249 - 255.","Por, F. D. (1978) Lessepsian Migration. The Influx of Red Sea Biota into the Mediterranean by Way of the Suez Canal. Ecological Studies, 23. Springer - Verlag, Berlin, 228 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 66728 - 2","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1985) The impact of the Lessepsian (Suez Canal) fish migration on the eastern Mediterranean ecosystem. In: Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M. & Kiortsis, V. (Eds.), Mediterranean Marine Ecosystems. Plenum Publishing Corporation, pp. 367 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4899 - 2248 - 9 _ 17","Galil, B. S. & Goren M. (2019) Rosh-Hanikra Grottoes, Israel - A refuge for the critically endangered and for opportunistic invasives. In: Ozturk, B. (Ed.), Marine Caves of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Biodiversity, Threats and Conservation. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV) Publication no: 53, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 159 - 164.","Golani, D. (1997) Handbook of the Fishes of Israel. Keter Publishing House Ltd. Jrusalem. 269 pp. [in Hebrew].","Golani, D. (1998 a) Distribution of Lessepsian migrant fish in the Mediterranean. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65 (suppl.), 95 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009809386801","Golani, D. (1998 b) Impact of Red Sea fish migrants through the Suez Canal on the aquatic environment of the easrern Mediterranean. Bullitin of the Yale School of Forestry and Environment Studies, 103, 375 - 387.","Golani, D. (2002 a) Lessepsian fish migration - charaterization and impact on the eastern Mediterranean. In: Ozturk, B. & Basusta, N. (Eds.), Workshop on Lessepsian Migration Proceedings. Turkish Marinre Research Foundation, Istanbul, 9, pp. 1 - 9.","Ethad, D. (2004) Fishes caught in the Electric Company's Haifa power station's filtering systems in relation to environmental conditions and in comparison to fish assemblages from ancient coastal sites. M. Sc. Thesis. University of Haifa, 98 + 4 pp. [in Hebrew with English abstract]","Gon, O. (2000) The taxonomic status of the cardinalfish species Apogon niger, A. nigripinnis, A. pharaonis, A. sialis and related species (Perciformes: Apogonidae). Special publication of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 65, 1 - 20.","Gon, O. & Randall, J. E. (2003) A review of the Cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from the Red Sea. Smithiana, Publication in Aquatic Biodiversity, 1, 1 - 46.","Goren, M., Yokes, M. B, Galil, B. S. & Diamant, A. (2008) Indo-Pacific cardinal fishes in the Mediterranean Sea - New records of Apogon smithi from Turkey and A. queketti from Israel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, JMBA 2 - Biodiversity Records, 6417, 1 - 5. [Published online] http: // www. mba. ac. uk / jmba / jmba 2 biodiversityrecords. php https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267209001134","Edelist, D., Sonin, O., Golani, D., Rilov, G. & Spanier, E. (2011 a) Spatiotemporal patterns of catch and discards of the Israeli Mediterranean trawl fishery in the early 1990 s: ecological and conservation perspectives. Scientia Marina, 75 (4), 641 - 652. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2011.75 n 4641","Levitt, Y. (2012) The impact of depth gradient on the status of alien species along the Mediterranean Sea coast of Israel. M. Sc. Thesis. Tel-Aviv University, 90 pp.","Goren, M., Lipsky, G., Brokovich, E. & Abelson, A. (2010 b) A ' flood' of alien cardinal fishes in the eastern Mediterranean - first record of the Indo-Pacific Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (Ruppell, 1838) in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Invasions, 5 (Supplement 1), S 49 - S 51. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2010.5. S 1.012","Lipsky, G. (2012) Shipwrecks in the Levant basin: species-diversity hotspot or invader paradise. M. Sc. Thesis. Tel-Aviv University, 157 pp.","Karahan, A., Douek, J., Paz, G. Stern, N., Kideys, E. E. Shaish, L., Goren, M. & Rinkevich, B. (2017) Employing DNA barcoding as taxonomy and conservation tools for fish species censuses at the southeastern Mediterranean, a hot-spot area for biological invasion. Journal of Nature Conservation, 36, 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jnc. 2017.01.004","Klopman, Y. (2011) The parasito-fauna of invasive and native fish in the eastern Mediterranean affected by climate change. M. Sc. Thesis. Tel-Aviv University, 111 pp.","Gilaad, R. L. (2011) Resource utilization by indingenous and migrant fish species in the eastern Mediterranean. M. Sc. Thesis. Tel-Aviv University, 110 pp.","Brand, D. (2013) The effect of Lessepsian migration on the diet of the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates) and the short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) along the Israeli coastline. Ms. C thesis. Haifa University, 87 + 3 pp. [Hebrew with English abstract]","Gilaad, R. - L., Galil, B. S., Diamant, A. & Goren, M. (2017) The diet of native fish species along the the eastern Mediterranean coast (Osteichthyes). Zoology in the Middle East, 63 (4), 325 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2017.1375196"]}

This checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel enumerates 469 species which is an addition of 62 species since the previous checklist of 2005. This new checklist includes 58 Condrichthys and 411 Osteicthys species. Most newly-recorded species are of Red Sea origin (Lessepsian migrants)—38 species, 25 species are from previously poorly investigated habitats, mainly deep water, while two species reached the Mediterranean most likely by ballast water and two are aquaculture escapees. The dramatic increase in the number of Lessepsian migrants (an average of 2.5 species per year) is most likely due to the increased water influx between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, following the recent opening of the new parallel, 72 km, “new canal” and the enlargement of other parts of the Suez Canal.

Apogon imberbis (Linnaeus, 1758) Apogon imberbis: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Spanier et al., 1983; Spanier et al., 1985; Diamant et al., 1986; Spanier et al., 1989a; Spanier et al., 1989b; Spanier et al., 1990; Darom & Tsurnamal, 1992 (Heb.); Spanier, 1995; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef.); Fishelson, 2001; Fishelson et al., 2002; Golani, 2005; Edelist, 2006 (Art. Reef); Golani et al., 2007; Edelist & Spanier, 2009 (Art. Reef); Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Lipsky, 2012 (Art. Reef); Levitt, 2012; Goren, et al., 2016., Published as part of Golani, Daniel, 2021, An updated Checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel, with illustrations of recently recorded species and delineation of Lessepsian migrants, pp. 1-108 in Zootaxa 4956 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4691195, {"references":["Ben-Tuvia, A. (1953 a) Mediterranean fishes of Israel. Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station, Haifa, 8, 1 - 40.","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1971 a) Revised list of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 20, 1 - 39.","Diamant, A. (1977) A quantitative and qualitative analysis of a fish community of an artificial reef in the Mediterranean Sea, with comparison to those of natural biotopes. M. Sc. Thesis. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 106 pp. [in Hebrew]","Diamant, A. (1983) Coastal fishes. In: Fischelson, L. (Ed.), Plants and Animals of the Land of Israel, Vol. 4. Ministry of Defense Publication, pp. 46 - 57. [in Hebrew].","Spanier, E., Pisanty, S. & Tom, M. (1983) Artificial reef in the eastern Mediterranean: preliminary results. In: Shuval, H. I. (Ed.), Developments in Ecological Environmental Quality. Vol II. Balaban International Science Service, Rehovot / Phiadelphia, pp. 317 - 25.","Spanier, E., Tom, M. & Pisanty, S. (1985) Enhancement of fish recruitment by artificial enrichment of man-made reefs in the southeastern Mediterranean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 37, 356 - 363.","Diamant, A., Ben-Tuvia, A., Baranes, A. & Golani, D. (1986) An analysis of rocky coastal eastern Mediterranean fish assemblages and a comparison with an adjacent small artificial reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 97, 269 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (86) 90245 - 5","Spanier, E., Pisanty, S., Tom, M. & Almog-Shtayer, G. (1989 a) The fish assemblage on a coralligenous shallow shelf off the Mediterranean coast of northern Israel. Journal of Fish Biology, 35, 641 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1989. tb 03016. x","Spanier, E., Tom, M., Pisanty, S. & Almog-Shtayer, G. (1989 b) Comparison between Lessepsian migrants and local species in the fish community of the shallow shelf of northern Israel. In: Spanier, E., Steinberger, Y. & Luria, M. (Eds.), Environmental Quality and Ecosystem Stability, IV B, Environmental Quality. ISEEQS Pub., Jerusalem, Israel, pp. 177 - 185.","Spanier, E., Tom, M., Pisanty, S. & Almog-Shtayer. G. (1990) Artificial reefs in the low productive marine environments of the southeastern Mediterranean. Marine Ecology, 11, 61 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1990. tb 00228. x","Darom, D. & Tsurnamal, M. (1992) Handbook of the Seashores of Israel. Keter Publishing House, Ltd., Jerusalem, 271 pp. [in Hebrew]","Spanier, E. (1995) Artificial reefs in a biogeographically changing environment. Proceedings of International Conference on Ecological System Enhancement Technology for Aquatic Environments, Tokyo, Japan, 2, 543 - 547.","Golani, D. (1997) Handbook of the Fishes of Israel. Keter Publishing House Ltd. Jrusalem. 269 pp. [in Hebrew].","Spanier, E. (2000) Changes in the ichthyofauna of an artificial reef in the southeastern Mediterranean in one decade. Scientia Marina, 64, 279 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 n 3279","Fishelson, L., Bresler, V., Abelson, A., Stone, L., Gefen, E., Rosenfeld, M. & Mokady, O. (2002) The two sides of man-induced changes in littoral marine communities: Estern Mediterranean and the Red Sea as an example. The Science of the Total Environment, 296, 139 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0048 - 9697 (02) 00066 - 9","Edelist, D. (2006) Influence of Levantine artificial reefs on the fish assemblages of the surrounding seabed and global history and evolution of artificial reefs.. M. Sc. Thesis. University of Haifa, 115 + 6 pp. [in English with Hebrew abstract]","Edelist, D. & Spanier, E. (2009) Influence of Levantine artificial reefs on the fish assemblage of the surrounding seabed. Mediterranean Marine Science, 10 (1), 35 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 121","Edelist, D., Sonin, O., Golani, D., Rilov, G. & Spanier, E. (2011 a) Spatiotemporal patterns of catch and discards of the Israeli Mediterranean trawl fishery in the early 1990 s: ecological and conservation perspectives. Scientia Marina, 75 (4), 641 - 652. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2011.75 n 4641","Lipsky, G. (2012) Shipwrecks in the Levant basin: species-diversity hotspot or invader paradise. M. Sc. Thesis. Tel-Aviv University, 157 pp.","Levitt, Y. (2012) The impact of depth gradient on the status of alien species along the Mediterranean Sea coast of Israel. M. Sc. Thesis. Tel-Aviv University, 90 pp."]}

Apogon fugax Gon, Bogorodsky, Mal & Alpermann, new species Elusive Cardinalfish Figure 1, Table 3 Apogon sp. 1— Kuiter & Kozawa 2019: 34 (Red Sea and Myanmar). Apogon sp. —Psomadakis et al. 2020: 404 (Myanmar). Holotype. SMF 35884 [tissue sample KAU14-542], 46.15 mm SL, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, off Jizan, 16°53.052’ N 42°21.122’ E, station 18, 60– 67 m, coll. T. J. Alpermann, S. V. Bogorodsky, A.O. Mal & M.H. Gabr, 5 November 2014. 2 Ivanova et al. 2007 3 Mabuchi et al. 2014 4 This study (modified after Mabuchi et al. 2014) 5 Miya & Nishida 2000 6 Li et al. 2007 7 Amplification was carried out at 52 °C for 10 cycles followed by 30 cycles with a reduction of -0.34 °C each cycle ...continued on the next page ...continued on the next page ...continued on the next page 1) Based on unpublished data (T. Fraser, pers. comm.). 2) Specimen identification was changed due to phylogenetic placement in one lineage with the specimen of Apogon crassiceps 1 from Mabuchi et al. 2014. 3) Identification based on re-examination during the present study. 4) COI barcode was added from BOLD entry Apogon dovii RDFCA 313-05. 5) Specimens from Western Australia listed as Apogon sp. were found in BOLD with the identification tool and identified as A. fugax due to their phylogenetic position in the present study. 6) COI barcode was added from BOLD entry Apogon imberbis BIM 752-19. 7) GenBank species ID is A. aurolineatus (tissue KUT 5231, see Mabuchi et al. 2014), but COI sequencing of A. pseudomaculatus (tissue KUT 213, also used in Mabuchi et al. 2014) showed that the resulting COI sequence is identical (see GenBank KF929614 or BOLD UKFBJ048-08). We therefore conclude that the GenBank sequence AB890009 is incorrectly treated as A. aurolineatus and we treat it here as A. pseudomaculatus. This is confirmed by the position of the COI sequences in a single gene phylogeny of the COI sequences used herein (not shown). 8) GenBank species ID is Nectamia fusca, but see Table 2 in Mabuchi et al. 2014. 9) The specimen is not related to A. deetsie species group, as shown in the present study. 10) The specimen is not conspecific to A. coccineus examined in the present study. 11) The specimen is not related to A. erythrinus, Hawaiian endemic species. Paratypes. SAIAB 203703, 59.65 mm SL, Myanmar, off Ayeyarwady Delta, 13.0535 N, 96.6937 E, bottom trawl, 129 m, RV Dr Fridtjof Nansen, survey 2015404, station 123, coll. P. Psomadakis, 21 May 2015; SAIAB 205028, 42.5 mm SL, Myanmar, southwest of Ayeyarwady Delta, 15.6415 N, 93.8695 E, bottom trawl, 54.5 m, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, survey 2015404, station 62, coll. P. Psomadakis, 9 May 2015; CSIRO H 6378-16 [BW-A4835], 52.9 mm SL, Western Australia, 21.9833 N, 113.8167 E, 166 m, CSIRO, 11 December 2015; CSIRO H6378-17 [BW-A4836], 42.7 mm SL, collected with previous paratype. Diagnosis. A member of the Apogonini with two supraneurals, pectoral-fin rays 12, large membranous preopercular skin flap, head length 2.2–2.4 in SL (2.4–2.8 in SL in the other members of the ‘ talboti look-alikes’ and A. deetsie groups), lower jaw length 3.85–3.9 in SL (vs. 4.1–4.5 in SL), length of first dorsal-fin spine 9.5–11.0 in SL (vs. 12.5–17.85 in SL), total gill rakers 4+10–11 (vs. 3–5+10–18), and uniformly reddish orange body. Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI+I,9; anal-fin rays II,8; pectoral-fin rays 12 (both sides). Lateral-line scales about 24+3 and predorsal scales about 6–7 (both counts of scale pockets); total number of gill rakers 4+10 (4+10– 11); developed gill rakers 2+9 (2+9–10); gill rakers on ceratobranchial 7. Scales transforming ctenoid, one full size scale between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin, and 7 scales between lateral line and anal-fin origin; scales around caudal peduncle 12; lateral-line canal simple, narrow, and apparently lacking dorsal and ventral pores. Body relatively deep and compressed, its depth 3.1 (2.9–3.3) in SL, and its width 1.7 in depth and 5.5 (5.1–5.6) in SL. Head large, 2.2 (2.4) in SL; snout shorter than eye, 5.1 (5.3–5.6), eye large, 3.4 (3.1–3.7), and interorbital width 5.9 (5.3–5.7), all in head length. Predorsal distance 2.3 (2.4), preanal distance 1.6 and prepelvic distance 2.6 (2.5–2.7), all in SL; distance between pelvic-fin insertion and anal-fin origin 4.0 (3.4–3.8) in SL. Posterior edge of opercular bones thin and weakly ossified; posterior preopercular edge with 15 and 18 (left and right sides, respectively) serrations spread along most of its length; ventral part of preopercle with large, very thin membranous skin flap extending posteriorly to edge of gill cover, its ventral edge seems slightly crenulate, but could be damaged; preopercular ridge, posttemporal and infraorbitals smooth. Mouth large, somewhat oblique, upper jaw 2.0 (1.9) and lower jaw 1.75 (1.6–1.65), both in head length; maxilla reaching posteriorly to below posterior edge of eye, its vertical edge slightly concave, and its depth 3.85 (3.8–4.0) in upper-jaw length. Ventral edge of infraorbitals membranous and indented at second and third infraorbital pore positions, extending ventrally over part of upper jaw. Both jaws with broad band of villiform teeth, 7–8 teeth across widest place; vomer and palatines with similar teeth, the former with single series and latter with two series tapering to one posteriorly; upper-jaw teeth exposed when mouth closed. Free tip of tongue rounded, short, about half pupil diameter. Anterior nostril round, with elevated rim, closer to tip of snout (excluding upper lip) than to posterior nostril and lower than posterior nostril; posterior nostril narrow, oval, about 4.5 in eye diameter, at level of middle of eye and close in front of its anterior edge. First supraorbital pore next to tip of snout (excluding upper lip), medial to ventral edge of anterior nostril and of similar size, its short skin flap not reaching tip of snout; second supraorbital pore medial to posterior nostril and about half its vertical length; third supraorbital pore next to dorsal edge of orbit and in front of vertical through centre of eye, its size about two-thirds of posterior nostril. First infraorbital pore below ventral edge of posterior nostril, with no free skin flap and of similar size to second supraorbital pore; second and third infraorbital pores on ventral edge of infraorbital bone, of similar size, lack a free skin flap and separated by space more or less equal to their diameter. Dorsal profile of head straight, moderately sloping from dorsal-fin origin to snout; first dorsal-fin origin at vertical through upper pectoral-fin base; anal-fin origin below base of second dorsal-fin ray; second dorsal and anal fins reach backwards to about two-thirds of caudal-peduncle length when pressed down against peduncle; first dorsal-fin spine 1.7 (1.8–2.0) in second spine and 4.3 (4.6–5.3) in head length; second spine longest, 2.5 (2.4–2.6) and third spine 2.65 (2.6–2.7) in head length; spine of second dorsal fin 3.2 (2.9–3.1) and longest dorsal-fin ray (second) 1.8 (1.6) in head length; first soft dorsal-fin ray branched. First anal-fin spine 4.3 (4.05–4.3) in second spine; second spine 3.6 (3.3) and longest ray (second) 1.9 (1.75–1.8) in head length; first soft anal-fin ray branched. Pectoral fin inserted relatively low on body, its upper base at level of mid-distance between ventral edge of eye and upper jaw, and distance from its upper base to first dorsal-fin origin 1.5 in body depth (4.6 in SL); length of pectoral fin 3.3 (3.4) in SL, its middle rays longest, reaching posteriorly over base of 6 th anal-fin ray; uppermost pectoral-fin ray short, but not rudimentary, its length about one-third of ray immediately below it; lowermost ray and uppermost two pectoral-fin rays unbranched. Pelvic-fin length 4.15 (4.2–4.3) in SL, inserted in front of vertical through dorsal-fin origin, almost reaching anal-fin origin; pelvic-fin spine 1.6 (1.6–1.7) in fin length and 3.0 (2.9–3.0) in head length. Caudal-fin rays 9+8, upper- and lowermost unbranched; upper and lower procurrent caudal-fin rays 6; caudal-peduncle length 3.9 in SL, depth 1.9 (1.9–2.1) in its length. Caudal-fin length 2.8 (2.95–3.2) in SL. Colour after death (Fig. 1A & B): reddish orange all over, scale edges enhanced by larger chromatophores; five black dots orientated vertically on membrane between 2 nd and 3 rd dorsal-fin spines; faint dark dots of various sizes across caudal peduncle immediately in front of caudal-fin base. Colour in alcohol (Fig. 1C): body creamy white with no other markings; fins mostly clear, but tips of branched principal caudal-fin rays with dark dots which extend anteriorly over two thirds of fin’s middle rays; several dark dots scattered on distal third of pelvic-fin rays; 5 dark dots in a vertical line on membrane between second and third dorsal-fin spines; dark dots scattered on occiput and on area between upper end of gill cover and first dorsal-fin origin; faint dark dots of various sizes loosely clustered posteriorly across caudal peduncle. Etymology. This species is named fugax (Latin for elusive) for avoiding discovery despite intensive collecting efforts in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. Distribution and habitat. Apogon fugax is currently known from five specimens, including the holotype trawled off Jizan, southern Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, between 60–67 m; two paratypes trawled off Myanmar at depths of 54 and 129 m; and two paratypes trawled off Western Australia at a depth of 166 m (Fig. 2). We assume that this species is associated with a moderately deep rocky or coral reef habitat and therefore difficult to collect by diving or trawling; the Red Sea specimen was trawled together with two species that inhabit such habitats, namely Apogonichthyoides pseudotaeniatus (Gon) and Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål), and the two Myanmar specimens were captured in the early evening (between 1650 and 1830 hrs), possibly when they emerge from their daytime cover to feed. . *Data in parentheses are for non-types from Greenfield (2007) and Gon (unpublished data) **Data transformed from Greenfield & Randall (2004) Comparisons. The phylogenetic analysis grouped Apogon fugax with A. deetsie and A. rubrifuscus in one clade, albeit with very high support(Apogon - 4in Fig.3).This clade was recovered as the sister group of a larger clade(Zapogon to Apogon -3) of mostly Atlantic and Mediterranean species that together formed a well-supported clade (Apogon -4 to Apogon -3). By contrast, the two species of the ‘ talboti look-alikes’ species group (A. caudicinctus, A. dianthus) for which sequences were available were recovered as sister taxa and closest to A. talboti in a highly supported clade that also included A. unicolor Steindachner & Döderlein 1883.This A. unicolor clade, named after its basal species, was recovered as the sister clade of the remaining Indo-Pacific Apogonini species, together forming the large Apogon -1 clade (clade terminology follows Mabuchi et al.2014).The lower nodes forming the main clades in the phylogram all received high bootstrap support (Fig. 3). The topology described above implies that the enlarged ventral preopercular skin flap had evolved more than once independently in Apogonini species (it is also present in a number of Atlantic species). Although similar in its general appearance, Apogon fugax differs from its sister species, A. deetsie (Fig. 4A) and A. rubrifuscus (Fig. 4B & C), and from the two remaining species of the ‘ talboti look-alikes’ species group, A. caudicinctus (Fig. 5A & B) and A. dianthus (Fig. 5C), in having fewer gill rakers, a larger head and a longer first dorsal-fin spine (Table 3). In addition, A. deetsie has an indistinct blackish bar below the second dorsal fin, and both, A. caudicinctus and A. deetsie, have a blackish bar posteriorly on the caudal peduncle. Moreover, A. caudicinctus has two scales between the lateral line and dorsal-fin origin and a smaller ventral preopercular skin flap. One specimen of A. rubrifuscus from the Society Islands (MNHN-IC-2008-0997) has a faint pattern of melanophores below the rear of the second dorsal fin and posteriorly on the caudal peduncle, whereas no melanophores are visible in the holotype; more specimens are needed to define this character in A. rubrifuscus. Apogon soloriens, a newly described species from Japan similar to A. caudicinctus and A. deetsie in having a black bar at the end of caudal peduncle (Fig. 5D) and a preopercular skin flap, has been added by Yoshida & Motomura (2020) to the ‘ talboti look-alikes’ group. It differs from A. fugax in having 8–9 developed gill rakers, including a single raker on the upper limb, and 13 pectoral-fin rays. Apogon fugax differs from A. talboti and A. unicolor (Fig. 5E & F, respectively) in having two supraneurals (vs. three), a developed membranous preopercular flap (vs. no flap), and in having 12 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 13 and 14, respectively). See Table 3 for other potential differences between A. fugax and some of these species, but these differences need to be confirmed when additional specimens of this species group are available. Other Apogonini species with uniformly red body colour distributed in the Indian Ocean (e.g., A. campbelli Smith, A. coccineus Rüppell, A. crassiceps Garman, A. doryssa Jordan & Seale, A. erythrosoma Gon & Randall, and A. indicus Greenfield), have a higher number of pectoral-fin rays and/or no enlarged flap on preopercular ventral edge. Remarks. In their description of Apogon rubrifuscus, Greenfield & Randall (2004) related their species to A. caudicinctus and A. deetsie. They pointed out that due to their similarity to A. talboti these species were found in collections under that name. Greenfield (2007) added A. dianthus to this group saying that he also found them misidentified as A. unicolor and, following Greenfield & Randall (2004), he referred to these four species as the ‘ talboti look-alikes’. Apogon soloriens is the latest addition to this ‘species group’. Apogon talboti and A. unicolor differ from this species group in having three supraneurals (vs. two), no membranous preopercular flap (vs. developed), and in having 13 and 14 pectoral-fin rays, respectively (vs. 12 rays, 13 in A. soloriens). Apogon fugax would then have been the sixth species of this ‘species group’ and the first to be found in the Red Sea, bringing the number of apogonid species in the Red Sea to 60 (see e.g. Gon & Randall 2003; Gon & Allen 2012; Gon et al. 2013). Of the three species now comprising the ‘ talboti look-alikes’ group, A. caudicinctus has a wide Indo-West Pacific distribution (see references in Eschmeyer et al. 2019) and a shallow depth range at 0–40 m (usually less than 12 m) (Randall & Smith 1988; Kuiter & Kozawa 2019); A. dianthus has an Indo-West Pacific distribution at a depth range of 7–27 m (Greenfield 2007) and A. soloriens is known only from the Bonin Islands, Japan, at depths of 4–45 m (Yoshida & Motomura 2020). Apogon deetsie is known from Oahu, Hawai’i, and Rangiroa Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago) at a depth of 25–53 m (Randall 1998, 2007). Apogon rubrifuscus is known from the type specimen collected in Easter Island at a depth of 39 m and from specimens from the Society Islands at depths of 6–9 m (Greenfield & Randall 2004; present study). At present A. fugax has the deepest records among other Indo-West Pacific species of Apogon, its specimens trawled at depths of 54– 166 m. Despite earlier phylogenetic analyses confirming that the genus Apogon is a paraphyletic group (see e.g. Mabuchi et al. 2014), we assigned the new species to Apogon sensu stricto pending a revision of the group (O. Gon, in preparation)., Published as part of Gon, Ofer, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. & Alpermann, Tilman J., 2020, A new species of the cardinalfish genus Apogon (Teleostei, Apogonidae) from the southern Red Sea and Indian Ocean with comments on phylogenetic relationships within the Apogonini, pp. 485-504 in Zootaxa 4896 (4) on pages 487-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4387643, {"references":["Kuiter, R. & Kozawa, T. (2019) Cardinalfishes of the World. Aquatic Photographics, Seaford and Anthis, Nexus, 198 pp.","Ivanova, N. V., Zemlak, T. S., Hanner, R. H. & Hebert, P. D. N. (2007) Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology Notes, 7 (4), 544 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1471 - 8286.2007.01748. x","Ward, R. D., Zemlak, T. S., Innes, B. H., Last, P. R. & Hebert, P. D. N. (2005) DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360 (1462), 1847 - 1857. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 2005.1716","Mabuchi, K., Fraser, T. H., Song, H., Azuma, Y. & Nishida, M. (2014) Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 3846 (2), 151 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.2.1","Miya, M. & Nishida, M. (2000) Use of mitogenomic information in teleostean molecular phylogenetics: a tree-based exploration under the maximum parsimony optimality criterion. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 17, 437 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2000.0839","Li, C. H., Orti, G., Zhang, G. & Lu, G. Q. (2007) A practical approach to phylogenomics: the phylogeny of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) as a case study. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7, 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 7 - 44","Greenfield, D. W. (2007) Geographic variation in a cardinalfish, Apogon dianthus (Teleostei: Apogonidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 58, 601 - 605.","Greenfield, D. W. & Randall, J. E. (2004) Two new cardinalfish species of the genus Apogon from Easter Island. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 55, 561 - 567.","Steindachner, F. & Doderlein, L. (1883) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fische Japan's. (II.). Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 48 (1), 1 - 40.","Yoshida, T. & Motomura, H. (2020) Apogon soloriens, a new species of cardinalfish (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from the Bonin Islands, Japan. Ichthyological Research, 1 - 8. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 020 - 00749 - 3","Gon, O. & Randall, J. E. (2003) A review of the cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) of the Red Sea. Smithiana, 1, 1 - 46.","Gon, O. & Allen, G. R. (2012) Revision of the Indo-Pacific cardinalfish genus Siphamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae). Zootaxa, 3294, 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3294.1.1","Gon, O., Bogorodsky, S. V. & Mal, A. O. (2013) Description of a new species of the cardinalfish genus Pseudamiops (Perciformes, Apogonidae) from the Red Sea. Zootaxa, 3701 (1), 93 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3701.1.8","Eschmeyer, W. N., Fricke, R. & Van der Laan, R. (Eds.) (2019) Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Electronic Version. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 7 Ocober 2019)","Randall, J. E. & Smith, C. L. (1988) Two new species and a new genus of cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from Rapa, South Pacific Ocean. American Museum Novitates, 2926, 1 - 9.","Randall, J. E. (1998) Review of the cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) of the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of two new species. aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 3 (1), 25 - 38.","Randall, J. E. (2007) Reef and shore fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, 546 pp."]}

Jaydia queketti (Gilchrist 1903) ���Spotfin cardinal Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Jaydia queketti by Bariche et al. (2015: 2366). Material in collection: AUBM. Distribution. Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa, South Africa, Socotra and Persian Gulf to western India; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Conservation. IUCN: Global (NE). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Common. Significant increase in the last two decades. Non-indigenous species, no conservation action needed., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on pages 122-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Bariche, M., Torres, M., Smith, C., Sayar, N., Azzurro, E., Baker, R. & Bernardi, G. (2015) Red Sea fishes in the Mediterranean Sea: a preliminary investigation of a biological invasion using DNA barcoding. Journal of Biogeography, 42 (12), 2363 - 2373. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12595"]}

Jaydia smithi Kotthaus 1970 ��� Smith���s cardinalfish Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Jaydia smithi by Bariche et al. (2015: 2366). Material in collection: AUBM. Distribution. Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Oman east to Philippines and Marshall Islands, north to Taiwan; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Conservation. IUCN: Global (NE). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Common. Significant increase in the last two decades. Non-indigenous species, no conservation action needed., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Bariche, M., Torres, M., Smith, C., Sayar, N., Azzurro, E., Baker, R. & Bernardi, G. (2015) Red Sea fishes in the Mediterranean Sea: a preliminary investigation of a biological invasion using DNA barcoding. Journal of Biogeography, 42 (12), 2363 - 2373. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12595"]}

This is an annotated checklist of the marine fish species of Lebanon (Levant coast, eastern Mediterranean). It comprises a total of 367 fish species distributed in 159 families and 27 orders, out of which 70 species are non-indigenous and 28 are recorded for the first time from Lebanon. The checklist includes all names and citations of species found in the literature, as well as references to specimens available in museum collections. It also includes an updated zoogeographic distribution and conservation status for each species. Threats were estimated based on surveys and observations made over the last two decades; broadly categorized conservation actions were also suggested.

Apogon imberbis (Linnaeus 1758) ���Cardinal fish Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Apogon imberbis (Linnaeus 1758) by George et al. (1964: 16); subsequently recorded as Apogon imberbis (Linnaeus) by Mouneimn�� (1977: 62); as Apogon imberbis (Linnaeus 1758) by Mouneimn�� (2002: 137); recently recorded as Apogon imberbis by Harmelin-Vivien et al. (2005: 629); as Apogon imberbis by Fanelli et al. (2015: 2169). Material in collection: AUBM and USNM. Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Angola, including islands of Gulf of Guinea, Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands. Conservation. IUCN: Global (DD: 13 July 2012); Med. (LC: 15 November 2007). Capture and threats: FIB, NIS, unknown. Occurrence: Common. Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["George, C. J., Athanassiou, V. A. & Boulos, I. (1964) The fishes of the coastal waters of Lebanon. Miscellaneous Papers in the Natural Sciences. The American University of Beirut, 4, 1 - 24.","Mouneimne, N. (1977) Liste des poissons de la cote du Liban (Mediterranee orientale). Cybium, 3 (1), 37 - 66.","Mouneimne, N. (2002) Poissons marins du Liban et de la Mediterranee orientale. INCAM-EU / CNRS Lebanon, Beyrouth, 271 pp.","Harmelin-Vivien, M. L., Bitar, G., Harmelin, J. G. & Monestiez, P. (2005) The littoral fish community of the Lebanese rocky coast (eastern Mediterranean Sea) with emphasis on Red Sea immigrants. Biological Invasions, 7, 625 - 637. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 004 - 5852 - 4","Fanelli, E., Azzurro, E., Bariche, M., Cartes, J. E. & Maynou, F. (2015) Depicting the novel Eastern Mediterranean food web: a stable isotopes study following Lessepsian fish invasion. Biological Invasions, 17, 2163 - 2178. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 015 - 0868 - 5"]}

Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (R��ppell 1838) ���Indian Ocean twospot cardinalfish Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (R��ppell 1838) by Bariche & Azzurro (2012); as Cheilodipterus novemstriatus by Aguillar et al. (2018: 80). Material in collection: AUBM (OS3916). Distribution. Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Socotra east to Persian Gulf; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Conservation. IUCN: Global (NE). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Common. Significant increase in the last two decades. Non-indigenous species, no conservation action needed., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Bariche, M. & Azzurro, E. (2012) New records and establishment of the Indian Ocean twospot cardinalfish Cheilodipterus novemstriatus (Ruppell 1838) in the Mediterranean Sea. BioInvasions Records, 1 (4), 299 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / bir. 2012.1.4.10"]}

Ostorhinchus fasciatus (Shaw 1790) ���Broadbanded cardinalfish Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Ostorhinchus fasciatus by Bariche et al. (2015: 2366); as Ostorhinchus fasciatus by Fanelli et al. (2015: 2169). Material in collection: AUBM (OS3854). Distribution. Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and R��union (Mascarenes) south to Mozambique, east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Conservation. IUCN: Global (NE). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Common. Significant increase in the last two decades. Non-indigenous species, no conservation action needed., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Bariche, M., Torres, M., Smith, C., Sayar, N., Azzurro, E., Baker, R. & Bernardi, G. (2015) Red Sea fishes in the Mediterranean Sea: a preliminary investigation of a biological invasion using DNA barcoding. Journal of Biogeography, 42 (12), 2363 - 2373. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12595","Fanelli, E., Azzurro, E., Bariche, M., Cartes, J. E. & Maynou, F. (2015) Depicting the novel Eastern Mediterranean food web: a stable isotopes study following Lessepsian fish invasion. Biological Invasions, 17, 2163 - 2178. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 015 - 0868 - 5"]}

During seabed biodiversity surveys between 2003 and 2005 from the Torres Strait (Papua New Guinea) to the southern Great Barrier Reef (Queensland), hundreds of Siphamia specimens were collected. After Gon & Allen’s (2012) revision allowed greater interrogation of the Siphamia species present, a re-examination of preserved and frozen Siphamia specimens at the CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection (ANFC) was warranted. The material was re-identified as four commonly collected species (S. cuneiceps, S. roseigaster, S. tubifer, and S. tubulata) and a fifth unidentified species that appeared to key to S. guttulata, previously known only from the type locality. Further detailed investigations including an analysis of meristic, morphometric and COI barcoding data confirmed the identity of S. guttulata from almost the entire length of the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, from the Torres Strait in the north to the Northumberland Islands Group in the south. This study provides a redescription of Siphamia guttulata and highlights the importance of re-assessing the taxonomic status of museum material after revisionary studies.

Siphamia guttulata ��(Alleyne��&��Macleay��1877) Figures 1���2, 3 A���B, 4���5, Tables 1���3 Apogon guttulatus Alleyne & Macleay 1877: 267, plate 5, fig.1 (type locality, Darnley Island, Torres Strait, Queensland); Stanbury, 1969: 206. Siphamia guttulata: Allen et al. 2006:1108; Gon & Allen 2012:48; Fraser & Prokofiev 2016: 229; Kuiter & Kozawa 2019: 154. Siphamia guttulatus: Munro 1960: 139; Paxton et al. 1989: 557; Allen 1999: 2608; Mabuchi et al. 2014: 201. Lectotype.�� AMS IA.8103, 22.5 mm, Torres Strait, Darnley Island, Queensland, 9��35���S, 143��46���E, 1875. Paralectotypes.�� AMS I.16306-001 [ex MAMU F402], 31 specimens, 19.0���28.0 mm, collected with lectotype. Non-type��specimens.�� 31 specimens, 16.6���27.6 mm SL, all from Queensland, unless otherwise indicated. AMS I.49030-001, 20.3 mm SL, Cumberland Islands, east of Repulse Bay, 20��34.79���S, 149��08.95���E, 27 m, 11 Dec. 2003; CSIRO H 6648-02, 25 mm SL, north of Edgecumbe Bay, 19��48.59���S, 148��15.87���E, 35 m, 30 Apr. 2004; CSIRO H 6685-03, 23 mm SL, CSIRO H 6685-04, 3: 21.55���23.8 mm SL, north-east of Innisfail, 17��13.50���S, 146��21.57���E, 44 m, 19 Oct. 2004; CSIRO H 6734-02, 5: 21.3���24.55 mm SL, south-east of Cooktown, 15��42.67���S, 145��37.36���E, 35 m, 18 Nov. 2003; CSIRO H 6930-02, 25 mm SL, CSIRO H 6930-03, 2: 21.5���24.2 mm SL, south-east of Cairns, 17��06.36���S, 146��00.30���E, 20 m, 18 Oct. 2004; CSIRO H 7026-02, 24.45 mm SL, north-east of Cairns, 16��45.93���S, 146��04.62���E, 40 m, 11 Oct. 2004; CSIRO H 7457-01, 27 mm SL, CSIRO H 7457-03, 26.0 mm SL, north of Cape Weymouth, 12��34.72���S, 143��28.70���E, 33 m, 3 Oct. 2004; CSIRO H 7486-03, 2: 16.6���24.65 mm SL, south of Cape Flattery, 15��02.64���S, 145��20.17���E, 20 m, 13 Oct. 2004. CSIRO H 7487-03, 25.2 mm SL, east of Port Douglas, 16��28.65���S, 145��41.20���E, 31 m, 22 Nov. 2003; CSIRO H 8479-01, 24.4 mm SL, Torres Strait, north of Darnley Island, 9��31.23���S, 143��45.68���E, 37 m, 28 Jan. 2004; CSIRO H 8480-01, 2: 21.05���23.85 mm SL, north-west of Lizard Island, 14��33.24���S, 145��19.28���E, 26 m, 20 Nov. 2003; CSIRO H 8481-01, 19.9 mm SL, north of Port Douglas, 16��21.77���S, 145��30.38���E, 16 m, 18 Nov. 2003; CSIRO H 8483-01, 21.8 mm SL, Torres Strait, east of Coconut Island, 10��02.11���S, 143��11.47���E, 25 m, 29 Jan. 2004; CSIRO H 8484-01, 22.0 mm SL, south-east of South Island, Northumberland Islands Group, 21��53.14���S, 150��28.56���E, 41 m, 14 Nov. 2005; CSIRO H 8489-01, 27.6 mm SL, north of Princess Charlotte Bay, 13��57.81���S, 143��58.72���E, 36 m, 6 Oct. 2004; CSIRO H 8490-01, 22.6 mm SL, south-east of Cooktown, 15��42.21���S, 145��42.49���E, 46 m, 18���19 Nov. 2003; NTM S.18369-001, 23.7 mm SL, north-east of Orford Bay, 11��09.69���S, 142��57.34���E, 28 m, 30 Sep. 2004; QM I.40983, 20.3 mm SL, Torres Strait, south-east of Dalrymple Island, 9��46.09���S, 143��32.24���E, 41 m, 29 Jan. 2004; WAM P.35009.001, 24.2 mm SL, north-east of Great Palm Island, 18��34.23���S, 146��48.84���E, 43 m, 15 Dec. 2003. Diagnosis.�� A species of the Siphamia tubifer group with 2 supraneurals, 0���1 median predorsal scales and 13���25 preopercular serrations. Description.�� Based on the material listed above. Dorsal rays VII+I,9; anal rays II,8; pectoral rays 14���16 (modally 15); median predorsal scales 0���1; developed gill rakers 1 + 7���8; supraneurals 2. Body depth 2.2���2.8 in SL and body width 1.9���2.25 in the depth; eye diameter 2.7���3.2 in head length; first dorsal spine 2.1���2.9 in second spine; second dorsal spine 3.7���4.9, spine of second dorsal fin 4.0���5.0, and second anal spine 4.0���5.1, all in head length; pectoral-fin length 4.1���5.5 and pelvic-fin length 3.7���4.6 in SL; caudal-peduncle length 1.4���2.1 in distance between pelvic spine insertion and anal-fin origin; predorsal distance 2.0���2.2, preanal distance 1.3���1.4 and prepelvic distance 8.8���11.35, all in SL. Preopercular edge with 13���25 serrations around angle and ventral edge; scales spinoid; light organ ending over to 1 st to 6 th procurrent caudal rays in specimens 20���26 mm SL Colour (from Figure 1; photograph taken after specimen stored frozen for eight years). Head and body with varying shades of brown, darker on nape, becoming lighter posteriorly and peppered with black dots of different sizes. Iris dark brown. Jaws creamy white, peppered with small dark dots. Abdominal area, gill cover, and area between eye and upper jaw silvery. Light organ silvery, with dark vertical striations. A line of large, black melanophores along midline of body from upper posterior edge of preopercle to caudal-fin base. Fins pale; first dorsal-fin spines, pelvic spine and posteriormost second dorsal-fin rays with small black dots. Comparisons.�� Species of Siphamia fall into two groups easily distinguished by the colour pattern of the light organ made of a silvery region extending along the ventral margin of the body from the isthmus to the caudal peduncle. Siphamia guttulata belongs to the S. tubifer species group which has a striated light organ (Fig. 1). Species of the second group have a dotted light organ (see images of both groups in Gon & Allen 2012). Within the S. tubifer group S. guttulata (Fig. 2) and S. argentea Lachner 1953 share two supraneurals; all other species of this group have one supraneural. Most members of the S. tubifer group, including S. guttulata, share a similar colour pattern of, usually, three dark stripes on a pale background. The exceptions are S. jebbi Allen 1993 and S. stenotes Gon & Allen 2012, the former with no stripes and the latter with two stripes on the upper part of the body (Gon & Allen 2012). These two species as well as S. argentea differ from S. guttulata and the remaining member of the S. tubifer group in having 13 pectoral-fin rays [vs. 14���16 (usually 15) rays]. In addition, S. guttulata differs from all other members of the S. tubifer group in having the scales in its predorsal area arranged irregularly resulting in none or one proper predorsal scale (Fig. 3 A���B). The median predorsal scales of S. guttulata requires further clarification. Predorsal scales are present either side of the dorsal midline on the type specimens, with some appearing to have a very small median predorsal scale, usually just prior to the first dorsal fin spine (Fig. 3A). For the non-type specimens most scales were lost in the trawls, but in at least one specimen a small median predorsal scale was present (Fig. 3B). In the other Queensland survey specimens, it was impossible to reliably determine the presence/absence of this small scale. Further examination of this character on specimens in better condition will be required to resolve this issue. In comparison, the median predorsal scales of S. tubifer are larger and more obvious (Fig. 3C) and range from 3���5 in number (Gon & Allen 2012). DNA��barcoding. Twenty-six specimens were successfully barcoded at the COI gene. Following alignment of the consensus sequences and the Pterapogon kauderni sequence from GenBank, 633 base pairs of the gene were analysed. The ratios of nucleotides in the COI gene across the 26 Siphamia specimens ranged from 19.5% (G) to 29.6% (T), with 211 of the 633 representing parsimony informative sites. The within species variation was very low (reflected by small genetic distances among individuals of each species) - Siphamia cuneiceps (d = 0.006); S. roseigaster (d = 0.003); S. tubulata (d = 0.006); S. tubifer (d = 0.003) and S. guttulata (d = 0.004). Pairwise distances (based on the number of base substitutions) between the species was much larger and is shown in Table 3. The largest divergence between species was S. guttulata and S. roseigaster / S. tubulata. The within group distance for the individuals from each of the species in the ��� S. tubulata group��� was higher (0.170, s.e ��0.010) than the distances among individuals of each of the species in the ��� S. tubifer group��� (0.070, s.e ��0.010). The topology of the NJ and ML trees of the COI gene was identical and clearly demonstrates the among species genetic distances with the separation of each species strongly supported. The maximum likelihood tree is shown in Figure 5. An attempt was made to extract DNA out of 3 of the 31 paralectotypes of Siphamia guttulata (AMS I.16306-001, 21.9���24.8 mm SL) although the early fixation history of these specimens was unknown. However, low yields and poor-quality DNA from these specimens prevented the acquisition of adequate sequence lengths to be informative. Remarks.�� Alleyne & Macleay (1877) described Apogon guttulatus as having three dark stripes on the body, practically invisible in their small black and white illustration, the lowest of which marks ���the limits of a very silvery belly.��� A close examination of this drawing (also reproduced by Kuiter & Kozawa 2019: 154), enlarged on a computer screen, reveals a darkish area extending backwards from the lower part of the gill cover along the ventral contour of the body. It would be difficult for an eye not trained for the light organ of Siphamia to relate this species to Weber���s (1909) genus. Indeed, McCulloch (1929) classified it in Apogonichthys Bleeker 1854. It is therefore not surprising that 51 years went by before Munro (1960) made the correct generic association. The proportional measurements and counts of the studied specimens (Table 2) are compared with those of Gon & Allen (2012). In conjunction with the striated light organ, colour pattern and molecular data, these data helped confirm the identification of the specimens as Siphamia guttulata. The Queensland specimens we examined lost most of their scales due to abrasion during capture in prawn trawl (the types of the species at AMS were dip-netted and are in better condition). The largest specimen in this study was 27.6 mm SL, a similar size to the maximum size of 28.0 SL mm given by Gon & Allen (2012). The range of the spines��� proportions in this study (Table 2) indicates relatively high character variability and this was also evident in other species of the Siphamia tubifer group such as S. goreni Gon & Allen 2012, S. randalli Gon & Allen 2012, and S. tubifer, as noted by Gon & Allen (2012). Twenty-three recently collected specimens were counted for pectoral-fin rays. The majority (14) of these fish had 15 rays in both pectoral fins, and another two had 15 on the left fin while the right one was damaged; three fish had 16 rays; one fish had 14 rays on the left pectoral-fin and three had this count on the right fin. Gill rakers were counted in 18 specimens and all had a total of 8 developed rakers and 7 rakers on the ceratobranchial. The light organ of the smallest specimen (CSIRO H 7486-03, 16.6 mm SL) ended at about two thirds of the caudal peduncle length; in a 19.9 mm SL specimen (CSIRO H 8481-01) it ended in front of the first procurrent caudal-fin ray; and in the largest non-type specimen (CSIRO H 8489-01, 27.6 mm SL) it ended over the 6 th procurrent caudal-fin ray. The Queensland specimens differed slightly in morphometrics from the type specimens as follows: 1.9���2.25 body width in the former (vs. 1.8 in latter; Gon & Allen 2012), because most of the specimens examined in this study were frozen for 8���10 years before fixation. Siphamia guttulata is a common resident in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) ecosystem. It was collected in many areas from Darnley Island, Torres Strait, (09��35���S, 143��46���E) southwards to Northumberland Islands Group, Queensland (21��53.14���S, 150��28.56���E), encompassing most of the GBR (Fig. 4), at a depth range of 11��� 46 m. Its absence from over 100 demersal trawl stations, including night-time hauls, during the same survey undertaken south of 22��S suggests it is unlikely to be present in the extreme southern GBR. Although the exact depth of collection of the type specimens at Darnley Island was not originally stated, Alleyne & Macleay (1877) noted that it was ���very numerous���in holes in the rocks at low water,��� implying that the collectors were able to see the fish while wading in the water, possibly with the aid of a viewing box or primitive snorkelling equipment. The species is likely to occur in nearby Papua New Guinea waters. Comparative��material: Siphamia cuneiceps (6 specimens, 27���32 mm SL, all from Queensland): CSIRO H 6791-04, 27 mm SL, Torres Strait, west of Banks (Moa) Island, 10��15.52���S, 141��51.06���E, 13 m, 17 Jan. 2004; CSIRO H 6901-13, 27 mm SL, Torres Strait, south of Dungeness (Zagai) Island, 9��57.01���S, 142��53.76���E, 10 m, 20���21 Jan. 2004; CSIRO H 7679-03, 29 mm SL, north of Broad Sound, 21��43.81���S, 149��36.46���E, 14 m, 12 Nov. 2005; CSIRO H 8482-01, 32 mm SL, CSIRO H 8482-02, 32 mm SL, CSIRO H 8482-03, 30 mm SL, south-east of Mackay, 22��07.49���S, 150��19.48���E, 26 m, 14 Nov. 2005. Siphamia roseigaster (21 specimens: 32���48 mm SL, all from Queensland, unless otherwise indicated): CSIRO H 6440-02, 8: 35���41 mm SL, Torres Strait, south of Bristow (Bobo) Island, Papua New Guinea, 9��13.68���S, 143��19.23���E, 36 m, 25 Jan. 2004; CSIRO H 6912-05, 5: 37���48 mm SL, Torres Strait, east of Saibai Island, Papua New Guinea, 9��18.98���S, 142��55.43���E, 11 m, 23 Jan. 2004; CSIRO H 7452-01, 40 mm SL, CSIRO H 7452-02, 6: 32���48 mm SL, Broad Sound, 22��07.59���S, 149��36.95���E, 16 m, 27 Apr. 2004; CSIRO H 8478-01, 39 mm SL, Broad Sound, 22��07.75���S, 149��41.21���E, 18 m, 27 Apr. 2004. Siphamia tubifer (11 specimens: 24���35 mm SL, all from Queensland): CSIRO H 6516-02, 29 mm SL, north of Princess Charlotte Bay, 13��43.52���S, 144��01.49���E, 40 m, 05 Oct. 2004; CSIRO H 6535-04, 29 mm SL, south-east of Cairns, 17��08.66���S, 146��32.05���E, 71 m, 19 Oct. 2004; CSIRO H 6701-03, 28 mm SL, north-east of Rockingham Bay, 17��43.21���S, 146��43.68���E, 67 m, 13 Dec. 2005; CSIRO H 6722-08, 27 mm SL, Torres Strait, north-east of Cape York Peninsula, 10��31.84���S, 143��51.19���E, 27 m, 10 Jan. 2004; CSIRO H 6752-02, 31 mm SL, CSIRO H 6752-03, 2: 33.0��� 33.6 mm SL, north-east of Hinchinbrook Island, 17��50���S, 146��45���E, 72 m, 28 Nov. 2003; CSIRO H 7026- 03, 35 mm SL, north-east of Cairns, 16��45.93���S, 146��04.62���E, 40 m, 11 Oct. 2004; CSIRO H 7460-01, 32 mm SL, north-east of Townsville, 18��31.23���S, 147��35.45���E, 76 m, 14 Dec. 2003; CSIRO H 7461-01, 26 mm SL, east of Hinchinbrook Island, 18��22.63���S, 146��44.59���E, 51 m, 1 May 2004; CSIRO H 7463-01, 24 mm SL, north-east of Mackay, 20��06.24���S, 150��13.48���E, 74 m, 5 Dec. 2005. Siphamia tubulata (10 specimens: 17���32 mm SL, all from Queensland): CSIRO H 6145-08, 17 mm, Torres Strait, north-west of Prince of Wales (Muralug) Island, 10��33.57���S, 141��37.14���E, 17 m, 16 Jan. 2004; CSIRO H 6442-05, 27 mm SL; north-east of Whitsunday Island group, 19��40.31���S, 150��04.95���E, 73 m, 5 Dec. 2003; CSIRO H 6713-02, 30 mm SL, Shoalwater Bay, 22��15.09���S, 150��11.73���E, 10 m, 14 Nov. 2005; CSIRO H 7453-01, 31 mm SL, north-east of Northumberland Islands, 20��56.73���S, 150��20.35���E, 43 m, 4 Dec. 2005; CSIRO H 7660-05, 28 mm SL, east of Northumberland Islands, 21��37.92���S, 150��07.89���E, 34 m, 28 Nov. 2005; CSIRO H 7894-02, 32 mm SL, Torres Strait, Seven Reefs, 10��19.14���S, 143��44.99���E, 54 m, 31 Jan. 2004; CSIRO H 8031-02, 25.4 mm SL, east of Bowling Green Bay, 19��09.45���S, 148��07.06���E, 54 m, 12 Dec. 2003; CSIRO H 8487-01, 29 mm SL, east of Cumberland Islands, 20��36.36���S, 150��15.98���E, 45 m, 4 Dec. 2005; CSIRO H 8488-01, 2: 31���32 mm SL, north of Whitsunday Islands, 19��39.87���S, 149��09.91���E, 49 m, 8 Dec. 2005., Published as part of Pogonoski, John J., Gon, Ofer & Appleyard, Sharon A., 2020, Redescription and distributional range extension of the Speckled Siphonfish, Siphamia guttulata (Pisces: Apogonidae), pp. 377-388 in Zootaxa 4766 (2) on pages 379-385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3763507, {"references":["Alleyne, H. G. & Macleay, W. (1877) The ichthyology of the Chevert expedition. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 1 (3 - 4), 261 - 281 + 321 - 359, pls. 3 - 9 + 10 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12420","Stanbury, P. J. (1969) Type specimens in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. I. Fishes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 93 (2), 203 - 210.","Allen, G. R., Cross, N. J. & Hoese, D. F. (2006) Apogonidae. In: Hoese, D. F., Bray, D. J., Paxton, J. R. & Allen, G. R. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35. Fishes. Parts 1 - 3. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 1081 - 1112.","Gon, O. & Allen, G. R. (2012) Revision of the Indo-Pacific cardinalfish genus Siphamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae). Zootaxa, 3294 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3294.1.1","Fraser, T. H. & Prokofiev, A. M. (2016) A new genus and species of cardinalfish (Percomorpha, Apogonidae, Sphaeramiini) from the coastal waters of Vietnam: luminescent or not? Zootaxa, 4144 (2), 227 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4144.2.5","Kuiter, R. H. & Kozawa, T. (2019) Cardinalfishes of the world. New Edition. Aquatic Photographics, Seaford, Victoria and Anthias (Nexus), Okazaki, Aichi, 198 pp.","Munro, I. S. R. (1960) Handbook of Australian Fishes. Fisheries Newsletter, 34, 137 - 140.","Paxton, J. R., Hoese, D. F., Allen, G. R. & Hanley, J. E. (1989) Zoological catalogue of Australia. Vol. 7. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 pp.","Allen, G. R. (1999) Family Apogonidae. In: Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.), Species identification guide for fisheries purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome, pp. 2602 - 2610.","Mabuchi, K., Fraser, T. H., Song, H., Azuma, Y. & Nishida, M. (2014) Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 3846 (2), 151 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.2.1","Lachner, E. A. (1953) Family Apogonidae: cardinal fishes. In: Schultz, L. P., Herald, E. S., Lachner, E. A., Welander, A. D. & Woods, L. P. (Eds.), Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas Islands. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 202 (1), pp. 412 - 498.","Allen, G. R. (1993) Cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of three new species. Revue francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie, 20 (1), 9 - 20.","Weber, M. (1909) Diagnosen neuer Fische der Siboga-Expedition. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 143 - 169.","McCulloch, A. R. (1929) A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Parts II. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, Sydney Memoir, 5, 145 - 329.","Bleeker, P. (1854) Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Floris. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, 6 (2), 311 - 338."]}

Redang Islands Marine Park consists of nine islands in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia. Redang Island is one of the largest off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, which is famous for its crystal-clear waters and white sandy beaches. The ichthyofauna of the Redang archipelago was surveyed by underwater visual observations between August 2016 and May 2018. Census data were compiled with existing records into the checklist of the marine fish of the Redang archipelago presented herein. A total of 314 species belonging to 51 families were recorded. The most speciose families (Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae, Serranidae, Apogonidae, Carangidae, Gobiidae, Chaetodontidae, Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae and Siganidae) were also amongst the most speciose at the neighbouring Tioman archipelago (except Chaetodontidae). The coral fish diversity index value for the six families of coral reef fishes (Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae and Acanthuridae) of the study sites was 132. We estimated that there were 427 coral reef fish species in the Redang archipelago. According to the IUCN Red List, eight species are Near Threatened (Carcharhinus melanopterus, Chaetodon trifascialis, Choerodon schoenleinii, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, E. polyphekadion, Plectropomus leopardus, Taeniura lymma and Triaenodon obesus), eleven are Vulnerable (Bolbometopon muricatum, Chaetodon trifasciatus, Chlorurus sordidus, Dascyllus trimaculatus, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, E. polyphekadion, Halichoeres marginatus, Heniochus acuminatus, Nebrius ferrugineus, Neopomacentrus cyanomos and Plectropomus areolatus) and three are Endangered (Amphiprion clarkia, Cheilinus undulatus and Scarus ghobban) in the Redang archipelago. Five species are new records for Malaysia (Ctenogobiops mitodes, Epibulus brevis, Halichoeres erdmanni, H. richmondi and Scarus caudofasciatus) and 25 species are newly recorded in the Redang archipelago.

Ostorhinchus dispar (Fraser & Randall 1976) —Whitespot cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a specimen observed south of Bauddisson Island, Kavieng District, 1–50 m depth, St. T 4, on 31 Oct. 2006, by Gerald R. Allen. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Cocos-Keeling Islands east to Palau and Fiji, north to Yaeyama Islands, south to Solomon Islands. Found on steep seaward reef slopes, 15–50 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean, White, William T. (2019): Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records. Zootaxa 4588 (1): 1-360, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1

Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker 1856) —Slender cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken in Senta Passage, southeast of New Hanover at 5–16 m depth, St. KR 118, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell), and another taken on the north coast of Kavieng District, at 6–24 m depth, St. KR 164. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: South and East Africa, Mozambique Channel, Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Forming aggregations above corals and in caves, 2–15 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Fibramia lateralis (Valenciennes 1832) —Coastal cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from Kawieng, New Ireland as Apogon lateralis by Duncker & Mohr (1929: 57), based on ZMH 12755. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: East Africa east to Samoa, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Forming aggregations in sheltered bays and lagoons, including mangrove habitats, occasionally entering the lower reaches of freshwater rivers and streams, 0–3 m depth. Freshwater, transitional water and marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Duncker, G. & Mohr, E. (1929) Die Fische der Sudsee-Expedition der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung 1908 - 1909. 3. Teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 57 - 84."]}

Siphamia spinicola Gon & Allen 2012 —Reef siphonfish Status at New Ireland. Reported from Kavieng, New Ireland in original description by Gon & Allen (2012: 66). USNM material. NTUM 11360 (1 spec., 28.6 mm SL:, St. DW4500-1, 3.3 km southwest of Kavieng). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Malaysia and Philippines to Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and northern Australia, east to Micronesia, Fiji and Tonga. Aggregating in groups, in sheltered bays and lagoons, sometimes associated with Seratopora corals Acanthaster plancki or Diadema sea urchins, 14– 150 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Gon, O. & Allen, G. R. (2012) Revision of the Indo-Pacific cardinalfish genus Siphamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae). Zootaxa, 3294, 1 - 84."]}

Zoramia viridiventer Greenfield, Langston & Randall 2005 —Greenbelly cardinalfish (Fig. 65) Status at New Ireland. New record, based on specimens photographed at Lissenung Island by Dietmar Amon on 17 Oct. 2007. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Eastern Indonesia east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Yaeyama Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Forming aggregations among branching corals, in sheltered coral reefs, 4–17 m depth. Marine.

Ostorhinchus compressus (Smith & Radcliffe in Radcliffe 1911) —Splitband cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on USNM 395783 (1) from Nusa Island, Kavieng District; a specimen observed south of Nemto Island, New Hanover, 1–12 m depth, St. T 24, on 7 Nov. 2006, by Gerald R. Allen. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Andaman Sea east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in aggregations in crevices and among branching corals, in sheltered, coral-rich lagoon and seaward reefs, 1–20 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on pages 133-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Taeniamia macroptera (Cuvier [ex Kuhl & Hasselt] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828)—Duskytail cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken at Anelaua Island, off eastern New Hanover, at 3–16 m depth, St. KR98, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell), and another video taken in Albatross Passage, southwestern Kavieng District, 3–13 m depth, St. KD83, in 2014. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Sri Lanka east to Samoa and New Caledonia, north to Yaeyama Islands. Aggregating above branching corals in sheltered coral reefs, 2–20 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Foa fo Jordan & Seale 1905 —Weedy cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a specimen in a video of a specimen taken east of Nago Island, Kavieng District, at 2–9 m depth, St. KR28, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Maldives east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa. Solitary or in small groups, in seagrass beds or sand-rubble areas, 0– 15 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Verulux cypselurus (Weber 1909) —Swallowtail cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken on north coast of Manne Island, Kavieng District at 1–11 m depth, St. KR 36, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell); another taken at Nubilus Island, off eastern New Hanover, 3–25 m depth, St. KR 90, in 2014. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, Persian Gulf and East Africa east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to Japan, south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. Forming aggregations above corals and in caves, 2–15 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Fowleria marmorata (Alleyne & Macleay 1877) —Barred cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on NTUM 11446 (1 specimen, 15.7 mm SL, St. KR 42, Bismarck Sea, south coast of Manne Island, 1 km west of Albatross Pass, Kavieng District, 02°45.185’S 150°42.085’E, 1–42 m depth, 9 June 2014). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Red Sea and East Africa east to Line, Society and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island. Solitary and secretive, in crevices or among coral, in coastal, lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 0–37 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Pristiapogon exostigma (Jordan & Starks 1906)—Narrow-stripe cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland by Allen & Erdmann (2012: 406). A specimen photographed at Lissenung Island, Kavieng District, 4 m depth, by Dean Tully on 10 July 2011. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Red Sea to Oman; Comores; Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean) east to Line and Pitcairn islands, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Solitary or in small groups, during the day often at base of coral bommies or under ledges, in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 1–40 m depth. Marine. Pristiapogon fraenatus (Valenciennes 1832) —Spurcheek cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken off Nusa Island, Kavieng District, 2–18 m depth, St. KR 32, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell); a video of a specimen taken at Nubilus Island, off eastern New Hanover, 3–25 m depth, St. KR 90, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Line and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Austral Islands. Found solitary or in groups, in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 2–25 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on pages 137-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Allen, G. R. & Erdmann, M. V. (2012) Reef fishes of the East Indies, volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research, Perth [vol. I: x + 424 pp + end note; vol. II: 425 - 855; vol. III: preface, map, contents and 857 - 1260.]"]}

Ostorhinchus notatus (Houttuyn 1782) —Tiny cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a specimen in a video of a specimen taken east of Nago Island, Kavieng District, at 2–9 m depth, St. KR 28, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell); another taken in Senta Passage, southeast of New Hanover at 5–16 m depth, St. KR 118, in 2014. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Eastern Indonesia east to Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in coral and rocky reefs, 0– 20 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Sphaeramia orbicularis (Cuvier [ex Kuhl & Hasselt] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828)—Orbicular cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from St. Mathias as Apogon orbicularis by Duncker & Mohr (1929: 58), based on ZMH 11967. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 4.—General distribution: Southern Red Sea and East Africa east to Caroline Islands and Tonga, north to Yaeyama Islands, south to New Caledonia. Lives in aggregations in mangrove habitats, 0–5 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Duncker, G. & Mohr, E. (1929) Die Fische der Sudsee-Expedition der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung 1908 - 1909. 3. Teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 57 - 84."]}

Ostorhinchus angustatus (Smith & Radcliffe 1911) —Striped cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a specimen in a video of a specimen taken at the entrance to Kavieng Harbour, Kavieng District, at 15–18 m depth, St. KD58, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Caroline and Line islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Taiwan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Found in seaward coral reefs, 5–65 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Pristiapogon kallopterus (Bleeker 1856) —Iridescent cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from St. Mathias as Apogon snyderi by Duncker & Mohr (1929: 58), based on ZMH 11963; a video of a specimen taken in Steffen Channel, Kavieng District, St. KR 34, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell); another taken at Anelaua Island, off eastern New Hanover, at 3–16 m depth, St. KR 98, in 2014. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2, 4.— General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa east to Hawaiian and Pitcairn islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, Tonga and Rapa. Solitary or in small groups, cryptic in crevices during the day, in relatively clear and silty waters on reef flats, lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, 0–48 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Duncker, G. & Mohr, E. (1929) Die Fische der Sudsee-Expedition der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung 1908 - 1909. 3. Teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 57 - 84."]}

Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède [ex Commerson] 1802—Large-toothed cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a specimen photographed at Lissenung Island, Kavieng District, 10 m depth, by Dean Tully on 18 Sept. 2012; a video of a specimen taken at Tungelo Island, off southeastern New Hanover, at 3–46 m depth, St. KR 104, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Remarks. Fricke (1999: 233) treated Centropomus macrodon Lacepede [ex Commerson], 1802 in the synonymy of Cheilodipterus lineatus Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1801, but Gon (1993: 30) and Gon & Randall (2003 a: 32–33) believe that the latter name is unavailable as a secondary homonym of Perca lineata Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775. The latter is, however, not an independent species description, but a misidentification of Perca lineata Linnaeus, 1758, which is now Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Cheilodipterus lineatus (sensu Gon & Randall 2003 a: 31–32) is a synonym of Cheilodipterus arabicus (Gmelin, 1789); it is restricted to the western Indian Ocean and Red Sea. As both Cheilodipterus lineatus and C. macrodon were frequently used, there is no way to retain C. macrodon, so that the species must be named Cheilodipterus lineatus (see Fricke 2008: 30). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. Solitary in caves and under ledges in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 0–40 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 131, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Fricke, R. (1999) Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Reunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez). An annotated checklist with descriptions of new species. [Theses Zoologicae v. 31.] Koenigstein (Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, viii + 759 pp.","Gon, O. (1993) Revision of the cardinalfish genus Cheilodipterus (Perciformes: Apogonidae), with description of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 22, 1 - 59, pls. 1 - 5.","Gon, O. & Randall, J. E. (2003) Revision of the Indo-Pacific cardinalfish genus Archamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae), with description of a new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 35, 1 - 49, pls. 1 - 3.","Fricke, R. (2008) Authorship, availability and validity of fish names described by Peter (Pehr) Simon Forsskal and Johann Christian Fabricius in the ' Descriptiones animalium' by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie, 1, 1 - 76."]}

Pseudamia amblyuroptera (Bleeker 1856) —Pearljaw cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from Kavieng, New Ireland by Kailola (1975: 112); reported from New Hanover by Kailola (1987b: 261). KFRS material. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Indonesia east to Palau, Yap (Micronesia) and Solomon Islands, north to Philippines. Solitary, nocturnal, found in mangrove habitats including estuaries, and in coastal reefs, 0–30 m depth. Transitional water and marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Kailola, P. J. (1975) A catalogue of the fish reference collection at the Kanudi Fisheries Research Laboratory, Port Moresby. Department of Agriculture, Stock & Fisheries, Port Moresby, Research Bulletin, 16, 1 - 277."]}

Fibramia thermalis (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829) —Sangi cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken at Anelaua Island, off eastern New Hanover, at 3–16 m depth, St. KR98, in 2014. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1.—General distribution: East Africa east to Australia and Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu Islands. Found in aggregations in sheltered, silty coastal reefs, 0–12 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Cheilodipterus artus Smith 1961 —Wolf cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland by Allen & Erdmann (2012: 375). A specimen photographed at Lissenung Island, Kavieng District, 8–10 m depth, by Dean Tully on 1 July 2011 and 18 Sept. 2012; others photographed at St. KVG24 (off northwestern Bauddisson Island) by Serge Andréfouët on 22 Aug. 2014; a specimen in a video of a specimen taken at Anelaua Island, off eastern New Hanover, at 3–16 m depth, St. KR 98, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: East Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. In loose aggregations hovering in mid-water in caves or above branching corals, 3–158 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 131, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Allen, G. R. & Erdmann, M. V. (2012) Reef fishes of the East Indies, volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research, Perth [vol. I: x + 424 pp + end note; vol. II: 425 - 855; vol. III: preface, map, contents and 857 - 1260.]"]}

Zoramia fragilis (Smith 1961) —Fragile cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland as Apogon fragilis by Lewis et al. (1974); record confirmed by Kailola (1987b: 255). Record from Nusa Island, Kavieng District based on USNM 334053 (55); a specimen observed at Anelaua Island, New Hanover, 2–16 m depth, St. T 22, on 6 Nov. 2006, by Gerald R. Allen. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: East Africa east to Samoa, north to Yaeyama Islands, south to Queensland (Australia). Forming aggregations among branching corals, 1–15 m depth. Marine. Zoramia gilberti (Jordan & Seale 1905)—Gilbert's cardinalfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken on north coast of Manne Island, Kavieng District at 1–11 m depth, St. KR36, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea to the Philippines, east to Palau and Yap. Forming aggregations among branching corals, 2–10 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on pages 140-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Lewis, A. D., Smith, B. R. & Kearney, R. E. (1974) Studies on tunas and baitfish in Papua New Guinea waters-II. Research Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries, Port Moresby, 11, i-vii + 1 - 112."]}