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Genus Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 Type species. Philoscia picta Brandt, 1833 by subsequent designation (Van Name 1936)., Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, Jos�� Ot��vio & Taiti, Stefano, 2019, Two new species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves, pp. 422-448 in Zootaxa 4564 (2) on page 434, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2589286, {"references":["Budde-Lund, G. (1908) Isopoda von Madagaskar und Ostafrika mit Diagnosen verwandter Arten. In: Voeltzkow, A. (Ed.), Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903 - 1905. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, Stuttgart, pp. 265 - 308, pls 12 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12989","Brandt, J. F. (1833) Conspectus Monographiae Crustaceorum Oniscodorum Latreillii. Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, 6, 171 - 193, pl. 4.","Van Name, W. (1936) The American land and freshwater isopod Crustacea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 71, 1 - 535. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 1185"]}

Amazoniscus spica Campos-Filho, Aguiar & Taiti sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C67F79F2-111D-49D7-A9E2-FA112D32DB4B Figs 11–14 Diagnosis Body pigments and eyes absent, frontal shield bent backwards over vertex, dactylus of pereopods with ungual seta simple and surpassing outer claw, male pleopod 1 exopod heart-shaped and male pleopod 1 endopod with distal portion bent outwards, bearing small setae on median margin. Etymology The nameof this new speciesrefers to the binary star of Spica, the brightest star in the Virgo constellation. In the Brazilian flag, this star represents the state of Pará. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL – Pará State,Parauapebas, Canaãdos Carajás • ♂; Jaguar, CAV-20; 6°24′22″ S, 50°22′09″ W; 20–29 May 2012; Mescolotti leg.; MZUSP 40046. Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; parts of ♂ and 1 ♀ in micropreparations; MZUSP 40047 • 1 ♀; CAV-17; 6°24′24″ S, 50°22′10″ W; 8–15 Mar. 2012; Oliveira leg.; MZUSP 40048. Description MEASUREMENTS. Maximum body length: male and female 5.5 mm. BODY. Body pigment absent. Endoantennal conglobation. Body (Fig. 11A) strongly convex; dorsal surface smooth, bearing small triangular scale-setae (Fig. 11B). Noduli laterales (Fig. 11C) very short, inserted near posterior margins and at same distance from lateral margins. CEPHALON. Frontal shield bent backwards over vertex, lateral sides slightly protruding in frontal view, frontal margin broadly rounded; eyes absent (Fig. 11A, D–E). PEREON. Pereonite 1 without schisma or ventral lobes; pereonites 1–4 with posterior margin straight, 5–7 gradually more concave; pereonite 1 epimera with anterior corners directed frontwards, those of 2–4 with outer margin rounded, and those of 5–7 subquadrangular (Fig. 11A). PLEON. Outline continuous with pereon, epimera 3–5 well developed, directed backwards with acute apices; telson triangular, slightly broader than long, with slightly concave sides, rounded apex. (Fig. 11F). ANTENNULA. Composed of three articles, distal article longest, conical bearing about 10 lateral aesthetascs arranged in five sets (Fig. 11G). ANTENNA. Short and stout, not surpassing pereonite 1 when extended backwards; flagellum consisting of two subequal articles, distal article bearing two lateral aesthetascs; apical organ as long as distal article of flagellum (Fig. 11H). MOUTH. Mandibles with dense cushion of setae on incisor process, molar process with 10 branches, left mandible (Fig. 12A) with 2+1 penicils, right mandible (Fig. 12B) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 12C) inner endite with two apical penicils, distal margin bearing outer tip; outer endite with 4+5 teeth, inner set with four teeth, apically cleft. Maxilla (Fig. 12D) inner lobe rounded and covered with thick setae; outer lobe rounded, twice as wide as inner lobe, covered with thin setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 12E) basis with fringe of thin setae on distal outer margin; palp with one strong seta on proximal article; endite subrectangular, medial seta surpassing distal margin, distal margin covered with thin setae and bearing one seta on outer portion, rostral surface with setose sulcus ending with one short penicil. PEREOPODS. Pereopod 1 carpus with short, transverse antennal grooming brush; dactylus with two claws, dactylar seta simple, not surpassing outer claw, ungual seta simple, surpassing outer claw. UROPOD. Protopod flattened and enlarged, filling gap between pleonite 5 and telson; exopod inserted on median margin, endopod twice as long as exopod and inserted proximally (Fig. 12F). PLEOPOD EXOPODS. Pleopods 1 and 2 with respiratory areas. Male PEREOPOD 1. Merus and carpus with sternal margin covered with short scales and sparse strong setae (Fig. 13A). PEREOPOD 7. Ischium elongated, sternal margin straight; carpus twice as long as merus (Fig. 13B). GENITAL PAPILLA. Bearing triangular ventral shield, papilla slightly longer than ventral shield bearing two subapical orifices (Fig. 13C). PLEOPODS. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 13D) exopod heart-shaped; endopod twice as long as exopod, distal portion bent outwards and bearing small setae on median margin. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 13E) exopod triangular, outer margin concave; endopod flagelliform, longer than exopod. Exopods of pleopods 3 and 4 as in Fig. 13F and G, respectively. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 13H) triangular, outer margin sinuous, distal portion elongated, inner margin grooved to accommodate pleopod 2 endopod. Remarks Thegenus Amazoniscus comprises five speciesfrom Brazil: A. arlei Lemos de Castro, 1967 fromthestates of Amapá, Pará, Rio de Janeiroand Tocantins; A.eleonorae Souza et al., 2006, A. leistikowi Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, 2014 and A. zimmeri Campos-Filho, Montesanto &Araujo, 2017 fromthestateof Pará; and A. schmidti Campos-Filho, Montesanto &Araujo, 2017 fromthestateof Minas Gerais (Souza et al. 2006; Campos-Filho et al. 2014, 2017a, 2018a). The genus is defined by having exoantennal or endoantennal conglobation, the cephalon with a frontal shield delimited superiorly by the frontal line and having a suprantennal line, pereonite 1 epimera without schisma, the antennal flagellum with two articles, the uropod protopod surpassing the telson and the male pleopod 1 exopod heart-shaped (Schmidt 2007; Campos-Filho et al. 2014). In lacking eyes and body pigment, and in having endoantennal conglobation, Amazoniscus spica sp. nov. is similar to A. eleonorae and A. leistikowi; it differs from both in the shape of the exopod of the male pleopods 1 and 5 (for comparisons, see Souza et al. 2006: figs 1–19 and Campos-Filho et al. 2014: figs 23–25). This species is considered here as troglobiotic.

Albosciajotajota Campos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 872601F5-076C-44FD-83E7-0FC35123E54D Figs 2–4, 14 Diagnosis Eyes reduced to rudimentary ommatidia, distal article of antennula with six lateral aesthetascs plus apical pair and male pleopod 1 endopod slightly longer than exopod, with short and thickset distal portion. Etymology This new species is named after Joaquim Justino dos Santos (in memoriam), also known as ʻJota Jotaʼ, who discovered several caves in the Alto Ribeira karst area and was a fantastic guide at PETAR. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL – São Paulo State, Iporanga • ♂; PEI, Gruta Minotauro; 24°16′34″ S, 48°27′22″ W; 26–30 Mar. 2009, F. Pellegatti-Franco leg.; parts in micropreparations; LES 647. Paratypes BRAZIL – São Paulo State, Iporanga • 2 ♀♀; PETAR, Ressurgência das Areias de Água Quente Cave; 24°33′45″ S, 48°40′18″ W; 29 Sep. 2012; M.E. Bichuette leg.; LES 18852. Description MEASUREMENTS. Maximum body length: male 4 mm, female 4.5 mm. BODY. Body pigments absent. Body (Fig. 2A) slender with lateral sides almost parallel; dorsal surface smooth, bearing short, triangular scale-setae (Fig. 2B). Noduli laterales very long (Fig. 2C); d/c and b/c coordinates as in Fig. 2 D–E. CEPHALON. Lateral lobes not developed, frontal line absent, suprantennal line slightly bent downwards in middle; eyes reduced, with rudimentary ommatidia (Fig. 2F). PEREON. Pereonite 1 epimera with anterior corners slightly directed upwards, not surpassing median portion of cephalon, epimera 2–7 gradually directed backwards (Fig. 2A). PLEON. Narrower than pereon; pleonites 3–5 epimera short, adpressedwith small posterior points directed backwards, bearing some glandular pores; telson triangular with lateral margins straight, rounded apex (Fig. 2G). ANTENNULA. Composed of three articles, distal article bearing six lateral aesthetascs in three sets plus apical pair (Fig. 2H). ANTENNA. Very long, reaching fourth pereonite when extended backwards; flagellum of three articles, distal article longest; apical organ short, bearing two long free sensilla (Fig. 2I). MOUTH. Mandibles bearing dense cushion of setae on incisor process, molar penicil consisting of several branches; right mandible (Fig. 3A) with 1+1 penicils, left mandible (Fig. 3B) with 2+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 3C) inner endite with distal margin rounded and bearing two penicils; outer endite with four simple teeth plus accessory tooth on outer set, inner set of five pectinate teeth plus one vestigial tooth on rostral surface. Maxilla (Fig. 3D) inner lobe rounded, covered with thick and thin setae; outer lobe slightly wider than inner lobe, covered with thin setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 3E) palp with two strong setae on proximal article; endite subrectangular, medial seta strong, surpassing distal margin, distal margin with two hook-like setae, rostral surface with setose sulcus ending in one strong, triangular seta. PEREOPODS. Pereopods 1–7 merus to propodus bearing sparse, long setae on sternal margin; pereopod 1 carpus with transverse antennal grooming brush; dactylus of two claws, inner claw not surpassing outer claw, dactylar and ungual setae simple, not surpassing outer claw. UROPOD. Protopod subquadrangular with endopod and exopod inserted at same level; protopod and exopod outer margins grooved, bearing glandular pores; exopod slightly longer than endopod (Fig. 4A). PLEOPOD EXOPODS. Without respiratory structures (Fig. 4E–I). Male PEREOPODS 1 AND 7. Without any sexual dimorphism (Fig. 4B–C). GENITAL PAPILLA. Stout, with triangular ventral shield, papilla slightly longer than ventral shield, bearing two apical orifices (Fig. 4D). PLEOPODS. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 4E) exopod subcircular, wider than long; endopod short and stout, with distal portion thickset and slightly bent outwards, rounded apex. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 4F) exopod triangular, outer margin almost straight, bearing one seta, distal margin rounded; endopod longer than exopod. Exopods of pleopod 3 and 4 subrectangular, outer margin almost straight and bearing three long setae (Fig. 4 G– H). Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 4I) triangular, outer margin convex, bearing three long setae, distal margin rounded. Remarks To date, the genus Alboscia comprises four species: A. elongata Schultz, 1995 from Paraguay; A. itaipuensis Araujo & Quadros, 2005, A. ornata Araujo, 1999 and A. silveirensis Araujo, 1999 from Brazil (Schultz 1995; Araujo 1999; Araujo & Quadros 2005). The genus is mainly defined by the slender habitus with lateral sides almost parallel, presence of conspicuous noduli laterales, epimera of pleonites closely appressed to pleon, maxillula outer endite with pectinate teeth on outer set and pleopod exopods without respiratory structures (Araujo 1999). The presence of pectinate teeth on the outer endite of the maxillula is present in other lineages of Oniscidea, e.g., Ligia Fabricius, 1798 (Ligiidae Leach, 1814), Armadilloniscus Uljanin, 1875 (Detonidae Budde-Lund, 1906)), Benthana Budde-Lund, 1904, Benthanops Barnard, 1932 and Ctenoscia Verhoeff, 1928 (Philosciidae), and Rhyscotidae Budde-Lund, 1908 (see Taiti & Ferrara 1982; Leistikow 1997; Schmidt 2002, 2003; Campos-Filho et al. 2015a). This character state is considered to be plesiomorphic (Leistikow 2001; Schmidt 2002). In the shape of the male pleopod 1 exopod, Alboscia jotajota sp. nov. resembles A. elongata and A. silveirensis. It differs from both species in having eyes with rudimentary ommatidia (vs three ommatidia in A. elongata; single ommatidium in A. silveirensis), antennula with six lateral aesthetascs arranged in three sets (vs five in one set in A. elongata; two in one set in A. silveirensis) and the male pleopod 1 endopod slightly longer than the exopod, with short and thickset distal portion (vs more than twice as long as exopod and distal portion slender in A. elongata; three times as long as exopod and distal portion slender in A. silveirensis). The absence of body pigment and absent/reduced eyes are common to all species of Alboscia, which probably indicates an endogean way of life. However, Alboscia jotajota sp. nov. is considered to be troglobiotic since no specimen was collected during surveys outside the caves where this species occurs.

Genus Circoniscus Pearse, 1917 Type species Circoniscus gaigei Pearse, 1917, by monotypy., Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, Jos�� Ot��vio & Taiti, Stefano, 2020, New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves, pp. 1-38 in European Journal of Taxonomy 606 on page 28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.606, http://zenodo.org/record/3676984

Benthana taeniata Araujo & Buckup, 1994 Fig. 14 Bentheana taeiata Araujo & Buckup, 1994: 269, figs 1���13, 28. Benthana taeniata ��� Campos-Filho et al. 2018a: 11 (for previous records). Material examined BRAZIL ��� S��o Paulo State, Alto Ribeira karst area, PETAR ��� 1 ♂; Ressurg��ncia das Areias de ��gua Quente; 24��33���45��� S, 48��40���18��� W; 29 Sep. 2012; M.E. Bichuette leg.; LES 4419 ��� 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; LES 4421 ��� 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; LES 18861 ��� 1 ♂; Gruta do Capinzal; 24��19���55��� S, 48��30���05��� W; 16 Feb. 2013; M.E. Bichuette, J.E. Gall��o and T. Zepon leg.; LES 18862. Distribution Benthana taeniata has been recorded from the states of Distrito Federal (capital of Brazil) to the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Campos-Filho et al. 2015a). In cave habitats, this species was recorded from Gruta Zeferino I, S��o Roque de Minas and Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais State (Campos-Filho et al. 2014). The species is probably troglophilic., Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, Jos�� Ot��vio & Taiti, Stefano, 2020, New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves, pp. 1-38 in European Journal of Taxonomy 606 on page 18, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.606, http://zenodo.org/record/3676984, {"references":["Araujo P. B. & Buckup L. 1994. Two new species of terrestrial Isopoda from southern Brazil (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Spixiana 17 (3): 269 - 274. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 28201555 [accessed 7 Feb. 2020].","Campos-Filho I. S., Cardoso G. M. & Aguiar J. O. 2018 a. Catalogue of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil: an update with some considerations. Nauplius 26: e 2018038. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2358 - 2936 e 2018038","Campos-Filho I. S., Taiti S. & Araujo P. B. 2015 a. Taxonomic revision of the genus Benthana Budde- Lund, 1908 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae). Zootaxa 4022 (1): 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4022.1.1","Campos-Filho I. S., Araujo P. B., Bichuette M. E., Trajano E. & Taiti S. 2014. Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172 (2): 360 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12172"]}

Paratlantoscia rubromarginata (Araujo & Leistikow, 1999) Fig. 14 Atlantoscia rubromarginata Araujo & Leistikow, 1999: 110, figs 1���5. Atlantoscia rubromarginata ��� Leistikow 2001: 6. ��� Schmalfuss 2003: 49. ��� Campos-Filho et al. 2012: 141; 2013: 466, fig. 12b. ��� Lisboa et al. 2013: 394. ��� Zimmermann et al. 2015a: 704, figs. 5���6, tables 1���3; 2015b: 3, table 1. Paratlantoscia rubromarginata ��� Zimmermann et al. 2018a: 474, figs 5���6, tables 1���2. ��� Campos-Filho et al. 2018a: 14. Material examined BRAZIL ��� Sergipe State ��� 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Nossa Senhora do Socorro, outside Pau Cruzado; 10��30���46.44��� S, 37��6���2.52��� W; 20 Oct. 2014; M.E. Bichuette, D. Cardoso, M. Bolfarini, M. Rosendo and R. Moreira leg.; LES 10818 ��� 3 ♀♀; Laranjeiras, Caverna dos Aventureiros; 10��48���11.6��� S, 37��10���50��� W; 20 Oct. 2014; M.E. Bichuette, D. Cardoso, M. Bolfarini, M. Rosendo and R. Moreira leg.; LES 10819 ��� 1 ♂; Japaratuba, Caverna Casa do Caboclo; 10��37���57.16��� S, 36��52���59.10��� W; 19 Oct. 2014; M.E. Bichuette, D. Cardoso, M. Bolfarini, M. Rosendo and R. Moreira leg.; LES 10820 ��� 4 juvs; Murici, Fazenda S��o Jos��, Caverna Toca da Raposa; 9��13���35.95��� S, 35��54���46.23��� W; 22 Oct. 2014; M.E. Bichuette, D. Cardoso, M. Bolfarini, M. Rosendo and R. Moreira leg.; LES 10828. Distribution This species has been recorded from Atlantic and Amazon forest areas in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Par�� and Sergipe (Campos-Filho et al. 2013, 2017a). This is the first record of this species in the subterranean environment, but P. rubromarginata is considered here as trogloxene. Family Scleropactidae Verhoeff, 1938, Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, Jos�� Ot��vio & Taiti, Stefano, 2020, New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves, pp. 1-38 in European Journal of Taxonomy 606 on page 23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.606, http://zenodo.org/record/3676984, {"references":["Araujo P. B. & Leistikow A. 1999. Philosciids with pleopodal lungs from Brazil, with description of a new species (Crustacea, Isopoda). Contributions to Zoology 68: 109 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 18759866 - 06802004","Leistikow A. 2001. Phylogeny and biogeography of South American Crinocheta, traditionally placed in the family \" Philosciidae \" (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea). Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, Electronic Supplement 4: 1 - 85. Available from http: // www. senckenberg. uni-frankfurt. de / odes / 01 - 04. htm [accessed 6 Feb. 2020].","Schmalfuss H. 2003. World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A 654: 1 - 341.","Campos-Filho I. S., Contreira S. G. & Lopes-Leitzke E. R. 2012. A new species of Atlantoscia Ferrara & Taiti, 1981 (Oniscidea: Philosciidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Nauplius 20: 138 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0104 - 64972012000200006","Campos-Filho I. S., Lisboa J. T. & Araujo P. B. 2013. Review of Atlantoscia Ferrara & Taiti, 1981 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae) with new records and new species. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 13: 463 - 483. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 013 - 0124 - 8","Lisboa J. T., Couto E. C. G., Santos P. P., Delabie J. H. C. & Araujo P. B. 2013. Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) in termite nests (Blattodea: Termitidae) in a cocoa plantation in Brazil. Biota Neotropica 13 (3): 393 - 397.","Zimmermann B. L., Bouchon D., Almerao M. P. & Araujo P. B. 2015 b. Wolbachia in Neotropical terrestrial isopods. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 91 (4): efiv 025. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / femsec / fiv 025","Zimmermann B. L., Campos-Filho I. S. & Araujo P. B. 2018 a. Integrative taxonomy reveals a new genus and new species of Philosciidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from the Neotropical region. Canadian Journal of Zoology 96: 473 - 485. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjz- 2017 - 0289","Campos-Filho I. S., Cardoso G. M. & Aguiar J. O. 2018 a. Catalogue of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil: an update with some considerations. Nauplius 26: e 2018038. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2358 - 2936 e 2018038","Campos-Filho I. S., Montesanto G., Araujo P. B. & Taiti S. 2017 a. New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 107: e 2017034. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1678 - 4766 e 2017034"]}

Benthana olfersii (Brandt, 1833) Fig. 14, Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, Jos�� Ot��vio & Taiti, Stefano, 2020, New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves, pp. 1-38 in European Journal of Taxonomy 606 on page 17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.606, http://zenodo.org/record/3676984, {"references":["Brandt J. F. 1833. Conspectus Monographiae Crustaceorum Oniscodorum Latreillii. Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody 6: 171 - 193."]}

Genus Alboscia Schultz, 1995 Type species Alboscia elongata Schultz, 1995, by original designation and monotypy., Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, Jos�� Ot��vio & Taiti, Stefano, 2020, New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves, pp. 1-38 in European Journal of Taxonomy 606 on page 6, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.606, http://zenodo.org/record/3676984, {"references":["Schultz G. A. 1995. Terrestrial isopod crustaceans (Oniscidea) from Paraguay with definition of a new family. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 102 (2): 387 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80471"]}

Circoniscus bezzii Arcangeli, 1931 Fig. 14 Circoniscus bezzii Arcangeli, 1931: 115, pl. 2. Circoniscus bezzii ��� Van Name 1936: 311, fig. 184. ��� Vilela et al. 1971: 185. ��� Souza & Lemos de Castro 1991: 50, figs 23���44. ��� Schultz 1995: 417, fig. 12j���m. ��� Souza-Kury 1998: 666. ��� Leistikow & W��gele 1999: 38. ��� Schmalfuss 2003: 81. ��� Schmidt 2007: 72, figs 224���229. ��� Campos-Filho et al. 2014: 396, fig. 40, tables 1���2; 2018a: 17. ��� Zimmermann et al. 2015b: 3, fig. 2, tables 1���2. ��� Fernandes et al. 2019: 1109, table 1. Material examined BRAZIL ��� Minas Gerais State, Presidente Oleg��rio ��� 1 ♀; Vereda da Palha; 18��15���18��� S, 46��07���33��� W; Jan. 2014; L.P.A. Resende and T. Zepon leg.; LES 18863 ��� 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Lapa Z�� de Sidnei; 18��18���05.62��� S, 46��05���40.63���W; Jan. 2014; L.P.A. Resendeand T.Zepon leg.; LES 18864 ��� 1 ♀; Arcoda Lapa; 18��11���05��� S, 46��09���39��� W; Sep. 2013; M.E. Bichuette, L.P.A. Resende, T. Zepon and I.A. Ribeiro leg.; LES 18865 ��� Minas Gerais State, Pains ��� 1 ♂; SM-AM-004; 24 Jul. 2014; T. Santos & N. T. Pimentel leg.; LES 5474 ��� 1 ♀; S1-AM-027/029; 17 Feb. 2014; M. Barcelos and N. T. Pimentel leg.; LES 5475. Distribution This species is known from the Brazilian states of Esp��rito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais and S��o Paulo, and doubtfully from Paraguay (Campos-Filho et al. 2018a; Fernandes et al. 2019). It has previously been recorded from the Caverna Vereda da Palha cave, Presidente Oleg��rio, Minas Gerais State (Campos-Filho et al. 2014). The present records enlarge our knowledge of its distribution in the subterranean environment of the state of Minas Gerais., Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, Jos�� Ot��vio & Taiti, Stefano, 2020, New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves, pp. 1-38 in European Journal of Taxonomy 606 on page 28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.606, http://zenodo.org/record/3676984, {"references":["Arcangeli A. 1931. Circoniscus bezzii Arc., nuova specie di isopodo terrestre del Brasile. Bollettino di Zoologia 11: 115 - 122.","Van Name W. 1936. The American land and freshwater isopod Crustacea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 71: 1 - 535.","Vilela E. F., Kudo H. & Loureiro M. 1971. Oniscoides de Dourados, Estado de Mato Grosso. Seiva 31: 183 - 189.","Souza L. A. & Lemos de Castro A. 1991. The genus Circoniscus Pearse, 1917 in Brazil, with a description of three new species (Isopoda Oniscidea Scleropactidae). Tropical Zoology 4: 45 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1991.10539474","Schultz G. A. 1995. Terrestrial isopod crustaceans (Oniscidea) from Paraguay with definition of a new family. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 102 (2): 387 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80471","Souza-Kury L. A. 1998. Malacostraca. Peracarida. Isopoda. Oniscidea. In: Young P. (ed.) Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil: 653 - 674. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.","Leistikow A. & Wagele J. W. 1999. Checklist of terrestrial isopods of the New World (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16 (1): 1 - 72.","Schmalfuss H. 2003. World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A 654: 1 - 341.","Schmidt C. 2007. Revision of the Neotropical Scleropactidae (Crustacea: Oniscidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 1 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00286. x","Campos-Filho I. S., Araujo P. B., Bichuette M. E., Trajano E. & Taiti S. 2014. Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172 (2): 360 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12172","Zimmermann B. L., Bouchon D., Almerao M. P. & Araujo P. B. 2015 b. Wolbachia in Neotropical terrestrial isopods. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 91 (4): efiv 025. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / femsec / fiv 025","Fernandes C. S., Campos-Filho I. S., Araujo P. B. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. Synopsis of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves, with emphasis on new records from north, midwest, northeast and southeast regions. Journal of Natural History 53 (17 - 18): 1095 - 1129. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2019.1634225","Campos-Filho I. S., Cardoso G. M. & Aguiar J. O. 2018 a. Catalogue of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil: an update with some considerations. Nauplius 26: e 2018038. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2358 - 2936 e 2018038"]}

Atlantoscia inflata Campos-Filho & Araujo, 2015 Fig. 14 Atlantoscia inflata Campos Filho & Araujo in Zimmermann et al., 2015a: 705, figs 1–2, 5–6, tables 1–3. Atlantoscia inflata – Zimmermann et al. 2018a: 475, figs 5–6, tables 1–2. — Zimmermann et al. 2018b: figs 1–4. Material examined BRAZIL – São Paulo State, Iporanga, PETAR • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; outside Caverna Morro Preto; 24°31′50″ S, 48°41′59″ W; 30 Sep. 2012; M.E. Bichuette leg.; parts of ♂ in micropreparations; LES 4420 • 1 ♀; Passoca de Cima; 24°33′57″ S, 48°43′00″ W; 3 Aug. 2013; M.E. Bichuette leg.; LES 18853. Distribution Typical in Atlantic forest areas in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná (Zimmermann et al. 2015a, Campos-Filho et al. 2018a). This is the first record of thegenus for the subterranean environment and it extends the known distribution of this species to the state of São Paulo.

Androdeloscia akuanduba Campos-Filho, Cardoso & Taiti sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C 46894DA-7022-440B-94FC-45 CABB 001 E 16 Figs 5–7, 14 Diagnosis Eyes with eight ommatidia, telson with lateral sides almost straight, male pleopod 1 exopod heartshaped with outer margin slightly concave, and male pleopod 1 endopod with distal portion tapering, slightly bent outwards and bearing setae on medial margin. Etymology This new species is named after the divinity Akuanduba of the Araras native people, who is responsible to bring order to the world. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL – Pará State, Serra Sul • ♂; Floresta Nacional Carajás, Gruta N 4WC15 Cave; 6°03′ S, 50°10′ W; 20 Apr.–4 May 2010; R. Andrade leg.; MZUSP 39670. Paratypes BRAZIL – Pará State, Parauapebas • 6 ♀♀, 2 juvs; Gruta N4E77 Cave; 6°01′57″ S, 50°09′02″ W; 13– 30 Jan. 2010; R. Andrade leg.; MZUSP 39671 • 1 ♀; Gruta N 4 E 78 Cave; 6°01′57″ S, 50°09′04″ W; 19 Nov. – 4 Dec. 2010; MZUSP 39672 • 1 ♀; Gruta S 11D-79 Cave; 6°23′32″ S, 50°18′57″ W; 1–14 Jul. 2010; leg. R. Andrade leg.; MZUSP 39673 • 1 ♀; Gruta S11D-33 Cave; 6°24′39″ S, 50°20′37″ W; 13– 30 Jan. 2010; R. Andrade leg.; MZUSP 39674 • 1 ♀; Gruta S11D-37 Cave; 6°24′46″ S, 50°21′30″ W; 3– 19 Aug. 2010; R. Andrade leg.; MZUSP 39675 – Pará State, Canaãdos Carajás • 1 ♀; Gruta S11- 23 Cave; 6°25′21″ S, 50°17′57″ W; 24 Feb. – 4 Mar. 2010; R. Andrade leg.; MZUSP 39676. Description MEASUREMENTS. Maximum body length: male 2 mm, female 4 mm. BODY. Body with faintly visible light brown pigments. Body outline as in Fig. 5A; dorsal surface covered with triangular scale-setae (Fig. 5B). Noduli laterales very long (Fig. 5C); d/c and b/c coordinates as in Fig. 5D–E. CEPHALON. Lateral lobes not developed; frontal line absent; suprantennal line bent downwards in middle; eyes composed of eight ommatidia (Fig. 5A, F). PEREON. Pereonite 1 epimera with anterior corners directed frontwards; pereonites 2–4 with posterior margins straight, 5–7 gradually arched (Fig. 5A). PLEON. Narrower than pereon; epimera of pleonites 3–5 short, adpressed, with small posterior points directed backwards; telson triangular, with lateral margins slightly concave (Fig. 5A, G). ANTENNULA. Composed of three articles, proximal article longest, distal article bearing lateral tuft of six aesthetascs plus apical pair (Fig. 5H). ANTENNA. Reaching pereonite 3 when extended backwards; flagellum of three articles, distal article longest and bearing two lateral aesthetascs; apical organ longer than distal article of flagellum, bearing two short, free sensilla (Fig. 5I). MOUTH. Mandibles with dense cushion of setae on incisor process, molar process of 4–6 branches, right mandible (Fig. 6A) with 1+1 penicils, left mandible (Fig. 6B) with 2+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 6C) inner endite with two apical penicils; outer endite with 4+4 teeth, inner set apically cleft, outer margin strongly concave. Maxilla (Fig. 6D) inner lobe rounded, covered with thick and thin setae; outer lobe twice as wide as inner lobe, covered with thin setae, distal margin truncate. Maxilliped (Fig. 6E) palp with one seta on proximal article; endite subrectangular, medial seta slightly surpassing distal margin, distal margin bearing one seta on outer portion, rostral surface with setose sulcus ending in one penicil. PEREOPODS. Pereopod 1–7 merus to propodus bearing sparse setae on sternal margin, pereopod 1 (Fig. 7B) carpus with short transverse antennal grooming brush; dactylus of two claws, inner claw short, dactylar seta simple, not surpassing outer claw, ungual seta simple, surpassing outer claw. UROPOD. Protopod subquadrangular; protopod and exopod outer margins grooved, bearing glandular pores; exopod twice as long as endopod, endopod inserted proximally (Fig. 7A). PLEOPOD EXOPODS. Without respiratory structures. Male PEREOPODS 1 AND 7. Without sexual dimorphism (Fig. 7B–C). GENITAL PAPILLA. Bearing triangular ventral shield, papilla longer than ventral shield bearing two subapical orifices (Fig. 7D). PLEOPODS. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 7E) exopod heart-shaped, outer margin slightly concave; endopod twice as long as exopod, distal portion tapering, slightly bent outwards and bearing setae on medial margin. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 7F) exopod triangular, outer margin concave bearing one seta; endopod flagelliform, distinctly longer than exopod. Exopods of pleopod 3 and 4 (Fig. 7 G–H) rhomboid, outer margin slightly concave and bearing three long setae. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 7I) triangular, outer margin almost straight, bearing two long setae, inner margin grooved to accommodate pleopod 2 endopod. Remarks The genus Androdeloscia comprises 25 species distributed in the tropical forest areas of South and Central America (Schmalfuss 2003; Schmidt & Leistikow 2005; Grangeiro & Souza 2006; Grangeiro & Christoffersen 2010; López-Orozco et al. 2016). The genus is mainly defined by animals with reduced length, antennula with one lateral tuftof aesthetascs plusan apicalpair, antennal flagellumof three articles and long apical organ, d/c noduli laterales coordinates with nodulus 4 distant from the lateral margin, male pleopod 1 exopod rounded, endopod stout, bearing a complex distal apparatus, male pleopod 2 endopod elongated and male pleopod 5 exopod grooved on inner margin and distally elongated to accommodate the endopod of pleopod 2 (see Leistikow 1999; Schmidt & Leistikow 2005). Most of these characters are present in Androdeloscia akuanduba sp. nov., although the male pleopod 1 exopod is heartshaped, the endopod lacks a distal complex apparatus and the male pleopod 5 exopod does not have the distal portion elongated. However, these characteristics are also observed in other species of the genus: A. digitata Leistikow, 1999, A. merolobata Leitiskow, 1999, A. muscorum Schmidt & Leistikow, 2005, A. longiunguis Leistikow, 1999 and A. silvatica (Lemos de Castro & Souza, 1986) have the male pleopod 1 exopod that is heart-shaped (see Leistikow 1999; Schmidt & Leistikow 2005); A. pseudosilvatica Leistikow, 1999 has the male pleopod 1 endopod without a distal complex apparatus (Leistikow 1999); and A. colombiana López-Orozco, Carpio-Diaz & Campos-Filho, 2016, A. dalensi Leistikow, 1999, A. opercularis Leistikow, 1999, A. pseudosilvatica, and A. silvatica do not have the distal portion of the male pleopod 5 exopod elongated (Leistikow 1999; López-Orozco et al. 2016). This species is probably troglophilic. Future surveys in- and outside caves are necessary to confirm this statement.

Genus Pectenoniscus Andersson, 1960 Type species. Pectenoniscus angulatus Andersson, 1960 by monotypy. Emended diagnosis. Animals of small size, ca. 3 mm in length. Colour and eyes absent. Cephalon with suprantennal line, frontal line absent. Body slender, pereonites with lateral sides almost parallel, pleon narrower than pereon, with epimera more or less developed. Dorsal surface of cephalon and pereon distinctly granulated, pleon smooth. Telson triangular with lateral sides concave and rounded apex. Antennula of three articles, aesthetascs arranged in one longitudinal row. Antenna with flagellum of 3���5 articles, apical organ bearing free sensilla. Mandibles with stout molar process, two free penicils on left and one on right. Maxillula inner endite with three penicils; outer endite bearing nine teeth. Uropod with endopod inserted proximally to exopod. Male pleopod 1 endopod of two articles, distal article flagelliform. Male pleopod 2 endopod stout, consisting of two articles., Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, Jos�� Ot��vio & Taiti, Stefano, 2019, Two new species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves, pp. 422-448 in Zootaxa 4564 (2) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2589286, {"references":["Andersson, A. (1960) South American terrestrial isopods in the collection of the Swedish State Museum of Natural History. Arkiv for Zoologi, 12, 537 - 570."]}

Xangoniscus aganju Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, 2014 Figs 7, 17b, 18 A���C Styloniscidae indet. 3 Gall��o & Bichuette, 2018: 12, table 2. Styloniscidae indet. 4 Gall��o & Bichuette, 2018: 12, table 2. Material examined. Bahia: 1 male, 5 females (LES 6437), Carinhanha, Serra do Ramalho karst area, Caverna Doming��o, 13��44���41���S, 43��50���00���W, 27 July 2012, leg. M.E. Bichuette, J. E. Gall��o and P. P. Rizzato; 4 males (LES 14351), 1 female (LES 6435), Coribe, Serra do Ramalho karst area, Caverna Chico Pernambuco, 13��49���10���S, 44��04���15���W, 28 July 2012, leg. M.E. Bichuette, J. E. Gall��o, L. Senna-Horta and P.P. Rizzato. Remarks. To date, the genus Xangoniscus comprises three troglobiotic species with amphibious life-style, all endemic to Brazilian caves: Xangoniscus aganju, X. odara, and X. itacarambiensis. The genus is mainly defined by the complex wrench-like distal portion of the male pleopod 2 endopod, unique among the Styloniscidae (see Campos-Filho et al. 2014, 2016; Bastos-Pereira et al. 2017). The specimens from the two caves in the Bahia state here examined are tentatively identified as X. aganju since they show the same morphological characters. Only small differences are present in the apical lobes of the male pleopod 2 endopod (compare fig. 13C in Campos-Filho et al. (2014) with Fig. 7A, B, specimens from Caverna Chico Pernambuco, and Fig. 7C, specimens from Caverna Doming��o). A molecular analysis of all the populations of X. aganju may clarify if these small differences indicate distinct taxa. The Chico Pernambuco and the Caverna Doming��o caves are located in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The caves are not legally protected and their surroundings are used for agriculture, pasture and projects for mining activities (Fig. 2A, B). The population of X. aganju from Chico Pernambuco is abundant in part of the drainage (level base stream) of the cave, reaching 8���10 inds/m 2 and showing gregarious habitus (Fig. 18B). The population from Caverna Doming��o occurs in a phreatic habitat, a relatively large pool in the distal part of the cave with a high abundance, reaching 20 inds/m 2, preferring submersed organic matter (mainly trunks) and showing gregarious habits (Fig. 18C)., Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, Jos�� Ot��vio & Taiti, Stefano, 2019, Two new species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves, pp. 422-448 in Zootaxa 4564 (2) on pages 429-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2589286, {"references":["Campos-Filho, I. S., Araujo, P. B., Bichuette, M. E., Trajano, E. & Taiti, S. (2014) Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 172, 360 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12172","Gallao, J. E. & Bichuette, M. E. (2018) Brazilian obligatory subterranean fauna and threats to the hypogean environment. ZooKeys, 746, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 746.15140","Bastos-Pereira, R., Souza, L. A. & Ferreira, R. L. (2017) A new amphibious troglobitic styloniscid from Brazil (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Synocheta). Zootaxa, 4294 (2), 292 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4294.2.11"]}

Benthana xiquinhoi Campos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti sp. n. Figs 11–13, 18D Zoobank. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F4730822-4853-4CE3-8F20-0C5E9DD0D7F3. Philosciidae indet 2 Gallão & Bichuette, 2018: 12, table 2. Etymology. The new species is named after Raimundo Cruz do Santos, also called ‘Xiquinho’, for his great contribution to cave surveys and his enthusiasm for cave fauna and discoveries. Material examined. Holotype Bahia, Andaraí, Povoado de Igatu: male (LES 6353), Gruna Parede Vermelha cave, 12°52’41”S, 41°18’57”W, 2 April 2013, leg. M.E. Bichuette, J.E. Gallão and D.M. von Schimonsky. Paratypes: 2 males (LES 6352) (parts in micropreparations), same data as holotype; 1 female (LES 6335), same locality, 31 May 2010, leg. M.E. Bichuette, B. Rantin, J.E. Gallão and L. B. Simões; 1 female (parts in micropreparations) (LES 6337), same locality, 29 October 2010, leg. M.E. Bichuette and J. E. Gallão; 1 female (LES 6342), Gruna Veio de Aurélio cave, 12°51’36”S, 41°18’11”W, 28 October 2010, leg. M.E. Bichuette and J. E. Gallão; 2 females, 1 juvenile (LES 6348), Gruna Lava Pé cave, 12°53’42”S, 41°19’04”W, 30 March 2013, leg. M.E. Bichuette, J. E. Gallão and D.M. von Schimonsky. Description. Maximum body length: male 9.5 mm, female 10.5 mm. Colour light brown: cephalon with irregular unpigmented spots; pereonites 1–7 weakly pigmented on medial portion, epimera more pigmented; pleonites 1–5 with unpigmented spots on medial portion, pleonites 3–5 more pigmented on paramedian and median portions; telson pigmented. Body convex, outline as in Fig. 11A. Dorsal surface smooth bearing few long triangular scale-setae (Fig. 11B). Noduli laterales long, one line per side with d/c coordinates reaching a maximum on pereonite 4; b/c coordinates gradually decreasing (Fig. 11C, D). Cephalon (Fig. 11E) with suprantennal line bent downwards in middle, no frontal line and lateral lobes; eyes composed of 10–12 small ommatidia arranged in four rows. Pereonites 1–4 with postero-lateral corners right-angled with rounded apices and posterior margins straight; pereonites 5–7 with postero-lateral corners gradually more acute and posterior margins gradually more arched. Pleon narrower than pereon, pleonites 3–5 with epimera triangular, acute, and directed backwards (Fig. 11A). Telson (Fig. 11F) triangular, lateral sides straight and apex broadly rounded. Antennula (Fig. 11G) of three articles, distal article longest bearing seven lateral aesthetascs plus apical pair. Antenna (Fig. 11H) very long, reaching pereonite 4 when extended backwards, distal article of peduncle longer than flagellum; flagellum of three articles, proximal article longest, apical organ short bearing two long sensilla. Mandibles with molar penicil of eight branches and dense cushion of setae, left mandible (Fig. 12A) with 2+1 penicils, and right mandible (Fig. 12B) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 12C) outer endite with two penicils, distal margin rounded; outer endite with 4+6 teeth, five of them pectinate, one short and simple. Maxilla (Fig. 12D) outer lobe twice as wide as inner lobe with distal margin sinuous, covered with thin setae; inner lobe rounded covered with thick setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 12E) with rectangular basis with sparse setae; endite rectangular, distal margin slightly sinuous, medial seta surpassing distal margin, two hooks on distal margin, longitudinal ridge bearing dense setae ending with one short triangular seta; proximal article of palp with two stout setae. Pereopods rather slender, bearing distal fringe of hyaline scales on merus and carpus; carpus 1 with transverse antenna-grooming brush and distal seta with hand-like apex; dactylus with inner claw reaching distal margin of outer claw, dactylar and ungual setae simple, not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 13A) protopod subquadrangular, protopod and exopod grooved on outer margin bearing glandular pores, exopod twice as long as endopod, endopod inserted proximally. Pleopod exopods with Benthana - type respiratory areas. Male. Pereopods 1–3 (Fig. 13B) merus and carpus with brushes of setae on sternal margin. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 13C) without sexual dimorphism. Genital papilla (Fig. 13D) with triangular ventral shield and two subapical orifices. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 13E) exopod heart-shaped, elongated (ratio z:y= 2.15), lateral protrusion prominent with acute apex, distal margin straight; endopod longer than exopod, stout and straight, distal portion with line of short setae. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 13F) exopod triangular, outer margin concave with two setae; endopod slender, distinctly longer than exopod. Pleopods 3 and 4 exopods as in Fig. 13G and H, respectively. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 13I) triangular, outer margin almost straight with five setae. Remarks. The genus Benthana comprises 28 species mainly distributed in the Atlantic Forest areas of Brazil, with Benthana picta (Brandt, 1833) occurring also in Paraguay (Campos-Filho et al. 2015). Only two species were previously recorded from cave habitats, the troglobiont B. iporangensis Lima & Serejo, 1993 from Ressurgência das Areias de Água Quente and Areias de Cima caves (Areias system), and Gruta do Tatu cave, all included in conservation units in the state of São Paulo, and the non-troglomorphic and probably trogloxene B. taeniata Araujo & Buckup, 1994 from Gruta Zeferino I, state of Minas Gerais (Campos-Filho et al. 2014, 2015). Those caves are located in Chapada Diamantina region at the boundaires of Caatinga vegetation and surrounded by remains of the Atlantic forest and “campos rupestres” vegetation, a variation of Cerrado, not as dry as Caatinga (Fig. 2C, D). The new species occurs in very humid sandy (unconsolidated) or rocky substrate with organic matter (mainly moss close to creeks inside caves), showing medium abundance and densities (lower Benthana xiquinhoi sp. n. is similar to B. picta in the shape of the male pleopod 1 exopod; it is readily distinct in the reduced number of ommatidia, 10–12 (vs. 24 in B. picta), telson with distal margin rounded (vs. triangular), mandibles with eight branches on molar penicil (vs. 12), uropod exopod longer than endopod (vs. subequal), male pleopod 1 endopod straight (vs. bent outward s). Only Benthana schubarti Lemos de Castro, 1958 and B. iporangensis show eyes with reduced number of ommatidia, 16 and 18, respectively; Benthana xiquinhoi sp. n. distinctly differs from those species in the shape of the male pleopod 1 exopod (see Campos-Filho et al. 2015)., Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, José Otávio & Taiti, Stefano, 2019, Two new species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves, pp. 422-448 in Zootaxa 4564 (2) on pages 434-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2589286, {"references":["Gallao, J. E. & Bichuette, M. E. (2018) Brazilian obligatory subterranean fauna and threats to the hypogean environment. ZooKeys, 746, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 746.15140","Brandt, J. F. (1833) Conspectus Monographiae Crustaceorum Oniscodorum Latreillii. Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, 6, 171 - 193, pl. 4.","Campos-Filho, I. S., Taiti, S. & Araujo, P. B. (2015) Taxonomic revision of the genus Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae). Zootaxa, 4022 (1), 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4022.1.1","Lima, M. I. & Serejo, C. S. (1993) A new species of Benthana Budde-Lund from Brazilian caves (Crustacea; Isopoda; Oniscoidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 106, 490 - 496.","Araujo, P. B. & Buckup, L. (1994) Two new species of terrestrial Isopoda from southern Brazil (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Spixiana, 17, 269 - 274.","Lemos de Castro, A. (1958) Revisao do genero Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 (Isopoda, Oniscidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 44, 85 - 118."]}

Genus Xangoniscus Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, 2014 Type species. Xangoniscus aganju Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, 2014 by original designation and monotypy.

Benthana xiquinhoi Campos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti sp. n. Figs 11–13, 18D Zoobank. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F4730822-4853-4CE3-8F20-0C5E9DD0D7F3. Philosciidae indet 2 Gallão & Bichuette, 2018: 12, table 2. Etymology. The new species is named after Raimundo Cruz do Santos, also called ‘Xiquinho’, for his great contribution to cave surveys and his enthusiasm for cave fauna and discoveries. Material examined. Holotype Bahia, Andaraí, Povoado de Igatu: male (LES 6353), Gruna Parede Vermelha cave, 12°52’41”S, 41°18’57”W, 2 April 2013, leg. M.E. Bichuette, J.E. Gallão and D.M. von Schimonsky. Paratypes: 2 males (LES 6352) (parts in micropreparations), same data as holotype; 1 female (LES 6335), same locality, 31 May 2010, leg. M.E. Bichuette, B. Rantin, J.E. Gallão and L. B. Simões; 1 female (parts in micropreparations) (LES 6337), same locality, 29 October 2010, leg. M.E. Bichuette and J. E. Gallão; 1 female (LES 6342), Gruna Veio de Aurélio cave, 12°51’36”S, 41°18’11”W, 28 October 2010, leg. M.E. Bichuette and J. E. Gallão; 2 females, 1 juvenile (LES 6348), Gruna Lava Pé cave, 12°53’42”S, 41°19’04”W, 30 March 2013, leg. M.E. Bichuette, J. E. Gallão and D.M. von Schimonsky. Description. Maximum body length: male 9.5 mm, female 10.5 mm. Colour light brown: cephalon with irregular unpigmented spots; pereonites 1–7 weakly pigmented on medial portion, epimera more pigmented; pleonites 1–5 with unpigmented spots on medial portion, pleonites 3–5 more pigmented on paramedian and median portions; telson pigmented. Body convex, outline as in Fig. 11A. Dorsal surface smooth bearing few long triangular scale-setae (Fig. 11B). Noduli laterales long, one line per side with d/c coordinates reaching a maximum on pereonite 4; b/c coordinates gradually decreasing (Fig. 11C, D). Cephalon (Fig. 11E) with suprantennal line bent downwards in middle, no frontal line and lateral lobes; eyes composed of 10–12 small ommatidia arranged in four rows. Pereonites 1–4 with postero-lateral corners right-angled with rounded apices and posterior margins straight; pereonites 5–7 with postero-lateral corners gradually more acute and posterior margins gradually more arched. Pleon narrower than pereon, pleonites 3–5 with epimera triangular, acute, and directed backwards (Fig. 11A). Telson (Fig. 11F) triangular, lateral sides straight and apex broadly rounded. Antennula (Fig. 11G) of three articles, distal article longest bearing seven lateral aesthetascs plus apical pair. Antenna (Fig. 11H) very long, reaching pereonite 4 when extended backwards, distal article of peduncle longer than flagellum; flagellum of three articles, proximal article longest, apical organ short bearing two long sensilla. Mandibles with molar penicil of eight branches and dense cushion of setae, left mandible (Fig. 12A) with 2+1 penicils, and right mandible (Fig. 12B) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 12C) outer endite with two penicils, distal margin rounded; outer endite with 4+6 teeth, five of them pectinate, one short and simple. Maxilla (Fig. 12D) outer lobe twice as wide as inner lobe with distal margin sinuous, covered with thin setae; inner lobe rounded covered with thick setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 12E) with rectangular basis with sparse setae; endite rectangular, distal margin slightly sinuous, medial seta surpassing distal margin, two hooks on distal margin, longitudinal ridge bearing dense setae ending with one short triangular seta; proximal article of palp with two stout setae. Pereopods rather slender, bearing distal fringe of hyaline scales on merus and carpus; carpus 1 with transverse antenna-grooming brush and distal seta with hand-like apex; dactylus with inner claw reaching distal margin of outer claw, dactylar and ungual setae simple, not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 13A) protopod subquadrangular, protopod and exopod grooved on outer margin bearing glandular pores, exopod twice as long as endopod, endopod inserted proximally. Pleopod exopods with Benthana - type respiratory areas. Male. Pereopods 1–3 (Fig. 13B) merus and carpus with brushes of setae on sternal margin. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 13C) without sexual dimorphism. Genital papilla (Fig. 13D) with triangular ventral shield and two subapical orifices. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 13E) exopod heart-shaped, elongated (ratio z:y= 2.15), lateral protrusion prominent with acute apex, distal margin straight; endopod longer than exopod, stout and straight, distal portion with line of short setae. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 13F) exopod triangular, outer margin concave with two setae; endopod slender, distinctly longer than exopod. Pleopods 3 and 4 exopods as in Fig. 13G and H, respectively. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 13I) triangular, outer margin almost straight with five setae. Remarks. The genus Benthana comprises 28 species mainly distributed in the Atlantic Forest areas of Brazil, with Benthana picta (Brandt, 1833) occurring also in Paraguay (Campos-Filho et al. 2015). Only two species were previously recorded from cave habitats, the troglobiont B. iporangensis Lima & Serejo, 1993 from Ressurgência das Areias de Água Quente and Areias de Cima caves (Areias system), and Gruta do Tatu cave, all included in conservation units in the state of São Paulo, and the non-troglomorphic and probably trogloxene B. taeniata Araujo & Buckup, 1994 from Gruta Zeferino I, state of Minas Gerais (Campos-Filho et al. 2014, 2015). Those caves are located in Chapada Diamantina region at the boundaires of Caatinga vegetation and surrounded by remains of the Atlantic forest and “campos rupestres” vegetation, a variation of Cerrado, not as dry as Caatinga (Fig. 2C, D). The new species occurs in very humid sandy (unconsolidated) or rocky substrate with organic matter (mainly moss close to creeks inside caves), showing medium abundance and densities (lower Benthana xiquinhoi sp. n. is similar to B. picta in the shape of the male pleopod 1 exopod; it is readily distinct in the reduced number of ommatidia, 10–12 (vs. 24 in B. picta), telson with distal margin rounded (vs. triangular), mandibles with eight branches on molar penicil (vs. 12), uropod exopod longer than endopod (vs. subequal), male pleopod 1 endopod straight (vs. bent outward s). Only Benthana schubarti Lemos de Castro, 1958 and B. iporangensis show eyes with reduced number of ommatidia, 16 and 18, respectively; Benthana xiquinhoi sp. n. distinctly differs from those species in the shape of the male pleopod 1 exopod (see Campos-Filho et al. 2015).

Pectenoniscus liliae Campos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti sp. n. Figs 8–10, 17C Zoobank. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FD823E4A-5236-462F-8419-037747EC6365. Pectenoniscus sp. 2 Gallão & Bichuette, 2018: 12, table 2. Etymology. The new species is named after Lília Senna-Horta, speleologist of the Grupo Bambuí de Pesquisas Espeleológicas (GBPE), who collected part of the material examined here and greatly contributed to the knowledge of the Brazilian subterranean fauna and its conservation. Material examined. Holotype Bahia, Coribe: male (LES 14350), Caverna Chico Pernambuco cave, 13°49’10”S, 44°04’15”W, 28 July 2012, leg. M.E. Bichuette, J.E. Gallão, L. Senna-Horta and P.P. Rizzato. Paratypes 1 male (in micropreparations), 2 females (one in micropreparations) (LES 6449), same data as holotype; 1 female (LES 6419), Gruna do Enfurnado cave, 13°38’45.69”S, 44°12’8”W, 24 November 2006, leg. E. Trajano and D. Sansone; 1 female (LES 6420), same locality, 5 May 2007, leg. E. Trajano and D. Sansone. Description. Maximum body length: male 3 mm, female 2.5 mm. Body outline as in Fig. 8A. Dorsal scale-setae tricorn-shaped (Fig. 8C). Dorsal granulations diminishing in size from cephalon to pereonite 7; granules disposed in three rows on pereonite 1 and two rows on pereonites 2 to 7 (Figs 8A, B, 17C). Cephalon (Figs 8A, B, 9A) with quadrangular antennal lobes obliquely directed and slightly grooved dorsally; suprantennal line almost straight. Pereonites 1 and 2 with posterior margins straight, pereonites 3–7 gradually arched; pereonite 1 with anterior corners not surpassing median portion of cephalon (Fig. 8A, B). Pleon with epimera 3–5 reduced (Fig. 8A). Telson (Fig. 9B) with distal margin rounded. Antennula (Fig. 9C) with distal article longest bearing nine aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 9D) short, slightly surpassing pereonite 3; flagellum of three articles longer than fifth article of peduncle, apical organ as long as distal article of flagellum. Right mandible (Fig. 9E) with lacinia mobilis cleft and one penicil, left mandible (Fig. 9F) with two penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 9G) inner endite with one stout penicil on distal margin and two lateral penicils, proximal one longest; outer endite with of 4+5 simple teeth and two plumose stalks. Maxilla (Fig. 9H) of two rounded lobes covered with thick and thin setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 9I) with palp bearing two setae, subequal in length, on proximal article, and many setae on outer margin; endite subrectangular, distal margin with two triangular spines and stout hairy penicil. Uropod (Fig. 10A) protopod subquadrangular, exopod longer than endopod. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 10B) carpus with longitudinal antennal grooming brush, pereopods 6 and 7 (Fig. 10C, D) bearing water conducting system; dactylus with dactylar seta bifid bearing thin setae. Male. Pereopods 6 and 7 propodus with dense tufts of setae on tergal margin (Fig. 10C, D); pereopod 7 ischium with convex sternal margin. Genital papilla (Fig. 10E) enlarged on medial portion, apical portion narrow and elongated. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 10F) protopod subrectangular, almost three times as wide as long, outer margin cleft bearing thin setae; exopod triangular; endopod twice as long as exopod. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 10G) protopod subrectangular; exopod ovoid, twice as wide as long; endopod with distal article three times as long as proximal article, apical portion chela-shaped with two triangular lobes. Pleopod 3–5 exopods (Fig. 10 H–J) subquadrangular, bearing four to five setae, outer margin convex. Remarks. The genus Pectenoniscus was erected by Andersson (1960) to include the new species P. angulatus from Nova Teutônia, state of Santa Catarina. After the original description of this species, many surveys have been conducted in the type locality but the species has never been recollected. Pectenoniscus liliae sp. n. shows all the characters of the genus as listed by Andersson (1960), except for the epimera of the pleonites which are well developed in P. angulatus and reduced in the new species. This character may be a specific rather than a generic character. One of the most remarkable characteristics of the genus is the arrangement of the aesthetascs on the distal article of the antennule. These aesthetascs are stout, long and longitudinally arranged in one line from the median to the apical portion of the distal article, resembling a comblike structure. The new species is readily distinguishable from P. angulatus in having quadrangular instead of triangular antennal lobes, reduced pleon epimera, male pereopod 7 ischium not enlarged, and the complex chela-shaped apex of the male pleopod 2 endopod. This species is considered here as troglobiotic and endemic to two caves from Serra do Ramalho karst area, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil: Chico Pernambuco and Gruna do Enfurnado. As previously stated, the caves are not legally protected and their surrounding is used mainly for agriculture and pasture activities; moreover, the area is also threatened by future installation facilities for mining activities. However, both caves are relatively isolated and Chico Pernambuco is a technical one, with no impact related to tourism or uncontrolled visitation. The specimens of the new species of Pectenoniscus were collected in extremely humid substrate, composed by silt and organic matter (bat guano and vegetal debris), always close to water bodies.

Venezillo congener (Budde-Lund, 1904) Figs 14–16, 17D Armadillo congener Budde-Lund, 1904: 108.— Jeppesen, 2000: 236. Cubaris congenera (sic!).— Van Name, 1936: 340.— Vilela et al., 1971: 183. Venezillo (Venezillo) congener.— Arcangeli, 1957: 112. Venezillo congeneris (sic!).— Souza-Kury, 1998: 653. Venezillo congener.—Leistikow & Wägele, 1999: 47.— Schmalfuss, 2003: 328. Material examined. Goiás, São Domingos, Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca: 8 males (one with parts in micropreparations), 4 females (one with parts in micropreparations), 1 juv. (LES 6393), Lapa Bezerra cave, 13°32’50”S, 46°22’34”W, 12 February 2012, leg. D.M. von Schimonsky, J. E. Gallão and L. B. Simões; 1 male (LES 6399), 1 male (LES 6400), 1 male (LES 6403), 1 female (LES 6414), same locality and collector as previous, 13°32’48.4”S, 46°22’32.5”W, 19 April 2012; 3 males, 2 females, 1 juv. (LES 1095), Lapa da Angélica cave, 13°31’22”S, 46°22’55”W, 20 May 1999, leg. E. Trajano; 1 female (LES 6368), 1 male (LES 6371), Suspirinho cave, 13°25’49.1”S, 46°24’49.7”W, 25 April 2012, leg. D.M. von Schimonsky, J. E. Gallão and C. S. Fernandes; 1 female (LES 6374), Suspirinho cave, 13°25’49.1”S, 46°24’49.7”W, 9 February 2012, leg. D.M. von Schimonsky, J. E. Gallão and L. B. Simões; 1 male (LES 6379), Suspirão cave, 13°25’49.1”S, 46°24’49.7”W, 9 February 2012, leg. D.M. von Schimonsky, J. E. Gallão and L. B. Simões; 1 female (LES 6382), Lapa do Angélica, 13°31’29.1”S, 46°23’07.3”W, 20 April 2011, leg. M.E. Bichuette, P. P. Rizzato and J. E. Gallão; 2 females (LES 6383), 1 male, 1 female (LES 6385), Lapa do Angélica, 13°31’29.1”S, 46°23’07.3”W, 20 April 2011, leg. M.E. Bichuette, P. P. Rizzato, and J. E. Gallão; 2 males, 1 female (LES 6397), 1 female (LES 6398), same locality as previous, 18 April 2012, leg. D.M. von Schimonsky, J. E. Gallão and L. B. Simões; 1 female (LES 6413), same locality as previous, 10 February 2012, leg. D.M. von Schimonsky, J. E. Gallão and L. B. Simões; 1 male, 1 female (LES 6384), Lapa do Angélica (epigean), 13°31’29.1”S, 46°23’07.3”W, 21 April 2011, leg. M.E. Bichuette, P. P. Rizzato and J. E. Gallão; 1 female (LES 6406), same locality as previous, 31 October 2012, leg. M.E. Bichuette, J. E. Gallão, L. B. Simões, C. S. Fernandes and T. Zepon. Re-description. Maximum body length: male 5.5 mm, female 6 mm. Colour light brown; cephalon with irregular unpigmented spots; pereonite 1 and posterior margins of epimera of pereonites 1–7 darker, median and paramedian portions lighter; pleon strongly pigmented. Body in lateral view as in Figs 14A, 17D. Dorsal surface with semilunar scale-setae (Fig. 14B). One line of small noduli laterales per side on pereonites 1–7, inserted almost at same distance from lateral margins (Fig. 14A). Cephalon (Fig. 14D) with rectangular frontal shield, suprantennal line absent; eyes with 18 ommatidia. Pereonite 1 with schisma on posterior corners, inner and outer lobes of schisma rounded, subequal, lateral margin grooved throughout entire length; pereonite 2 with triangular ventral tooth obliquely directed outwards and not surpassing outer margin of epimeron; pereonite 3 with small triangular ventral lobe (Fig. 14 E–J); pereonites 1–7 with posterior margins slightly concave. Pleonites 3–5 epimera subrectangular, well developed (Fig. 14A). Telson (Fig. 14J) hourglass shaped, proximal part wider than distal one. Antennula (Fig. 14K) of three articles, proximal and distal articles subequal in length, distal article bearing eight distal aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 14L) short and stout, distal article of peduncle longer than flagellum; flagellum of two articles, distal article three times as long as proximal one, bearing two lateral aesthetascs; apical organ short bearing two sensilla. Mandibles with molar penicil consisting of many branches and dense cushion of setae, left mandible (Fig. 15A) with 2+1 penicils, and right mandible (Fig. 15B) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 15C) inner endite with two transverse penicils, distal margin rounded bearing thin setae; outer endite of 4+4 stout teeth. Maxilla (Fig. 15D) outer lobe twice as wide as inner lobe, rounded and covered with thin setae; inner lobe rounded covered with thick setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 15E) basis subrectangular; proximal article of palp with two setae distinct in length; endite subquadrangular, medial seta surpassing distal margin, outer margin rounded, distal margin bearing two short triangular setae. Pereopod 1 carpus with transverse antennal grooming brush; dactylus with inner claw reaching median portion of outer claw, dactylar and ungual setae simple, not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 16A) protopod with distal portion subrectangular, inner margin concave, endopod inserted proximally, exopod short, inserted dorsally on slight protuberance. Pleopod exopods with monospiracular covered lungs. Male. Pereopods (Fig. 16B, C) without particular modifications; pereopod 7 ischium with sternal margin straight. Genital papilla (Fig. 16D) with slender and triangular ventral shield, two subapical orifices. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 16E) exopod triangular, small, wider than long, distal margin rounded with one short seta, outer margin slightly sinuous; endopod three times as long as exopod, distal portion slightly directed outwards and bearing some short setae. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 16F) exopod triangular, outer margin distinctly concave bearing four setae; endopod distinctly longer than exopod. Pleopod 3–5 exopods as in Fig. 16G, H. Remarks. The genus Venezillo comprises 136 species with a wide distribution in the tropics (Schmalfuss 2003, Boyko et al. 2008). The main characters distinguishing the genus are: the conglobation ability, one line of noduli laterales per side, large frontal shield of the cephalon, pereonite 1 with a schisma, pereonite 2 with a triangular ventral lobe, telson hour-glass shaped, and pleopod exopods with monospiracular covered lungs (see also Arcangeli 1957). Budde-Lund (1904) described Armadillo congener from the “Nabilecche” [= Nabileque] River. The author did not mention the Brazilian state where the specimens were collected. Actually, the Nabileque River is located in the Pantanal region, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Van Name (1936) placed the species into the genus Cubaris without any explanation and referring to Budde-Lund’s description. Vandel (1952b) and Arcangeli (1957) transferred the species to the genus Venezillo. Venezillo congener is re-described here and confirmed as belonging to Venezillo. Monospiracular covered lungs are common in several families of Crinocheta (Ferrara et al. 1994; Paoli et al. 2002; Schmidt 2002, 2003, 2008), e.g., Philosciidae (some species of Aphiloscia Budde-Lund, 1908), Eubelidae (e.g., Aethiopopactes Ferrara & Taiti, 1982, Angaribia Barnard, 1932 and Pseudoaethiopopactes Ferrara, 1974), most genera of Armadillidae (e.g., Bethalus Budde-Lund, 1909, Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942, Diploexochus Brandt, 1833 and Tuberillo Schultz, 1982), all members of Agnaridae (e.g., Agnara Budde-Lund, 1908, Mongoloniscus Verhoeff, 1930, Protracheoniscus Verhoeff, 1917, and Hemilepistus Budde-Lund, 1879), and Porcellionidae (e.g., Porcellio Latreille, 1804 and Tura Budde-Lund, 1908) (Ferrara 1974; Taiti & Ferrara 1985, 1987; Ferrara et al. 1994; Schmidt 2003; Taiti & Gruber 2010; Campos-Filho et al. 2014, 2017b; Kashani 2014, 2016). This character certainly evolved by convergence or parallel evolution in the different families (see Paoli et al. 2002; Schmidt 2002). Venezillo congener inhabits decaying and humid leaf litter, both inside or outside caves. In some occasions specimens were found wandering inside caves, over gravels and humid clay, and under large rocks. This species is considered here as troglophilic., Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, José Otávio & Taiti, Stefano, 2019, Two new species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves, pp. 422-448 in Zootaxa 4564 (2) on pages 438-443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2589286, {"references":["Budde-Lund, G. (1904) Spherilloninae. Armadillo. In: A revision of Crustacea Isopoda terrestria, with additions and illustrations. H. Hagerup, Copenhagen, pp. 33 - 144, pls 6 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9883","Jeppesen, P. (2000) Catalogue of terrestrial isopod taxa and type material described by Gustav Budde-Lund (Crustacea: Isopoda). Steenstrupia, 25, 221 - 265.","Van Name, W. (1936) The American land and freshwater isopod Crustacea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 71, 1 - 535. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 1185","Vilela, E. F., Kudo, H. & Loureiro, M. C. (1971) Oniscoides de Dourados; Estado de Mato Grosso (Crustacea, Isopoda). Seiva, 31, 183 - 189.","Arcangeli, A. (1957) I generi Diploexochus, Venezillo, Paramardillo [sic] (Crostacei Isopodi terrestri). Bollettino dell'Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Torino, 5, 101 - 142.","Souza-Kury, L. A. (1998) Malacostraca. Peracarida. Isopoda. Oniscidea. In: Young, P. (Ed.), Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 653 - 674.","Schmalfuss, H. (2003) World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A, 654, 1 - 341.","Boyko, C. B., Bruce, N. L., Hadfield, K. A., Merrin, K. L., Ota, Y., Poore, G. C. B., Taiti, S., Schotte, M. & Wilson, G. D. F. (2008) World Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans database. Venezillo Verhoeff, 1928. Available from: http: // marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 249464 / (accessed on 24 April 2018)","Vandel, A. (1952 b) Etude des isopodes terrestres recoltes au Venezuela par le Dr. G. Marcuzzi. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 3, 59 - 203.","Ferrara, F., Paoli, P. & Taiti, S. (1994) Philosciids with pleopodal lungs? The case of the genus Aphiloscia Budde-Lund, 1908 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea), with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History, 26 (6), 1231 - 1264. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770631","Paoli, P., Ferrara, F. & Taiti, S. (2002) Morphology and evolution of the respiratory apparatus in the family Eubelidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Journal of Morphology, 253, 272 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10008","Schmidt, C. (2002) Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 1 (Olibrinidae to Scyphacidae s. str.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 78, 275 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 20020780207","Schmidt, C. (2003) Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 2 (Oniscoidea to Armadillidiidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 79, 3 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 20030790102","Schmidt, C. (2008) Phylogeny of the Terrestrial Isopoda (Oniscidea): a Review. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 62 (2), 191 - 226.","Budde-Lund, G. (1908) Isopoda von Madagaskar und Ostafrika mit Diagnosen verwandter Arten. In: Voeltzkow, A. (Ed.), Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903 - 1905. 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(Ed.), Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere, des Crustaces et Insectes: ouvrage faisant suite aux oeuvres de Leclerc de Buffon, et partie du Cours complet d'Histoire naturelle. Vol. VII. L'Imprimeria de F. Dufart, Paris, pp. 1 - 413, pls. 58 - 66.","Taiti, S. & Ferrara, F. (1985) Biospeleology of Somalia. Two new species of terrestrial isopoda (Crustacea Oniscidea) from Mugdile and Showli Berdi caves. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento, 20 (1), 341 - 349. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03749444.1985.10736703","Taiti, S. & Ferrara, F. (1987) Contributions to the knowledge of the mountain fauna of Malawi. 6. Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea). Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 101, 69 - 102.","Taiti, S. & Gruber, G. A. (2010) The genus Tuberillo Schultz 1982 (Crustacea Oniscidea Armadillidae) with descriptions of four new species. Tropical Zoology, 23, 205 - 230.","Kashani, G. M. 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Genus Iuiuniscus Souza, Ferreira & Senna, 2015 Type species. Iuiuniscus iuiuensis Souza, Ferreira & Senna, 2015 by original designation and monotypy., Published as part of Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Fernandes, Camile Sorbo, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Aguiar, Jos�� Ot��vio & Taiti, Stefano, 2019, Two new species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves, pp. 422-448 in Zootaxa 4564 (2) on page 424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2589286, {"references":["Souza, L. A., Ferreira, R. L. & Senna, A. R. (2015) Amphibious shelter-builder Oniscidea species from the New World with description of a new subfamily, a new genus and a new species from Brazilian Cave (Isopoda, Synocheta, Styloniscidae). PLoS ONE, 10 (5), e 0115021. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0115021"]}

Zimmermann, Bianca Laís, Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Santos, Sandro, Aguiar, José Otávio, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2018): Two new species of Atlantoscia Ferrara & Taiti, 1981 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae) from southern Brazil described in the light of integrative taxonomy. Zootaxa 4482 (3): 551-565, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4482.3.7

Atlantoscia australis Campos-Filho, Cardoso & Araujo sp. nov. Figs 4–6 Zoobank. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:39 BAE 885-6EE1-46A6-AAE0-60 CAFC 82FA41. Etymology. The new species is named after the Triangulum australe constellation, located in the far of the southern hemisphere sky. This constellation represents the state of Santa Catarina in the Brazilian National flag. Material examined. Holotype: Male, Santa Catarina, Santa Rosa de Lima, 28°06’09”S 49°07’35”W, alt. 225 m., 25 Jun 2012, leg. P.B. Araujo and B.L. Zimmermann (MZUSP 36764). Paratypes: 2 males (one in micropreparations), 9 females (MZUSP 36765), same data as holotype. Description. Maximum body length: male 5.5 mm, female 8.5 mm. Color light brown; antenna strongly pigmented; cephalon with irregular unpigmented spots; pereon with unpigmented spots on median and paramedian regions, epimera more pigmented with one or two unpigmented spots; pleonites 1 and 2 with two unpigmented spots, pleonites 3 and 4 with one unpigmented spot on median region and two unpigmented spots laterally, pleonite 5 more pigmented with one unpigmented spot on media region; telson with three unpigmented spots. Body outline as in Fig. 4A. Cephalon (Fig. 4B) with lateral lobes not developed, frontal line absent, suprantennal line bent downwards on middle. Dorsum covered with elongated triangular scale-setae (Fig. 4C). Pereon (Fig. 4A) with pereonite 1 epimera directed frontwards, not surpassing eyes; pereonites 5–7 epimera gradually directed backwards; pereonite 7 with posterior margin arched. Pereonites with glandular pores on lateral margin. Noduli laterales coordinates as in Fig. 4D and E. Pleon (Fig. 4A, F) narrower than pereon; pleonites 3–5 epimera not well-developed, directed backwards. Telson (Fig. 4F) triangular, lateral sides almost straight. Antennula (Fig. 4G) of three articles, distal article longest bearing eight lateral aesthetascs in four rows plus apical pair. Antenna (Fig. 4H) reaching pereonite 4 when extended backwards; flagellum of three articles, proximal and distal articles subequal in length, medial and distal articles bearing lateral aesthetascs, distal organ about half of length of distal article of flagellum. Mandibles with dense cushion of setae, molar penicil of about five branches, left mandible (Fig. 5A) with 2+1 penicils, right mandible (Fig. 5B) of 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 5C) inner endite with distal margin rounded bearing two hairy penicils; outer endite of 4+6 teeth, five of them with cleft at apex. Maxilla (Fig. 5D) inner lobe rounded bearing thick setae; outer lobe three times as wide as inner lobe covered with thin setae, distal margin sinuous. Maxilliped (Fig. 5E) basis subrectangular, palp with two long setae on proximal article, endite with distal margin rounded bearing two hook-like setae. Pereopods (Fig. 6A, B) rather slender bearing fringe of scales on merus and carpus; carpus 1 with transverse antennal grooming brush and distal seta double fringed at apex. Dactylus (Fig. 6A) of two claws, inner claw not surpassing outer claw; ungual seta and dactylar organ simple, not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 4F) protopod subquadrangular, protopod and exopod grooved on outer margin bearing many glandular pores; exopod about twice as long as endopod; endopod inserted proximally. Respiratory areas of floridana -type on pleopod exopods. Male. Genital papilla (Fig. 6C) with triangular ventral shield, distal papilla bearing two subapical orifices. Pleopod 1 (Fix. 6D) exopod heart-shaped, outer margin concave bearing one small seta; endopod longer than exopod, distal portion slightly bent outwards bearing small setae on median margin and serrate plaque. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 6E) exopod triangular, outer margin concave bearing five small setae; endopod slightly longer than endopod. Pleopod 3 (Fig. 6F) exopod triangular, outer margin concave bearing three setae. Pleopod 4 (Fig. 6G) exopod triangular, outer margin slightly concave bearing four setae. Pleopod 5 (Fig. 6H) exopod triangular, outer margin sinuous bearing three setae. Remarks. Atlantoscia australis sp. nov. differs from A. antennamaculata sp. nov. in having the distal portion of the telson triangular (vs. narrower in A. antennamaculata), antennula with eight aesthetascs (vs. 11 in A. antennamaculata), male pleopod 1 exopod with distal portion not elongated (vs. elongated in A. antennamaculata), male pleopod 1 endopod with distal portion slightly directed outwards (vs. bent outwards in A. antennamaculata), and male pleopod 5 exopod triangular (vs. rhomboid in A. antennamaculata). Phylogenetic Analysis. All specimens of A. antennamaculata sp. nov. and A. australis sp. nov. presented a single mitochondrial haplotype for the COI sequences. In addition, no intraspecific variation was found in the 18S sequences for both species. For this reason, the new species are represented, each one, by a single sequence in the phylogenetic trees. Final COI alignment consists of 640 bp, with 203 variable sites and 170 parsimony informative sites. On the other hand, final 18S alignment consists of 434 bp (including gaps), with 33 variable sites and 22 parsimony informative sites. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses produced trees with similar topologies (data not shown). Although the phylogenies generated with mitochondrial COI (Fig. 7) and 18S nuclear (Fig. 8) sequences did not exhibit the same groupings among the Atlantoscia species, they were congruent regarding the taxa of interest; that is, both markers support the validity of the two new species of Atlantoscia. Some disagreement between the molecular markers is expected due to the different evolutionary rates between them. More specifically, the short size of the nuclear sequences added to their lower evolutionary rates may have generated the lack of congruence among some of the generated clades when compared to the mitochondrial tree. These results, however, do not interfere with the validity of the new species described herein. Sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers MH047282 to MH047285.3 The average mtDNA genetic distance among species of Atlantoscia was 13.9%, ranging from 13.4 to 20%. The genetic distance between A. antennamaculata sp. nov. and the other congeneric species was 15.4%; for A. australis sp. nov. this value was 17% (Table 1). In relation to the conserved nuclear sequences, the average genetic distance among Atlantoscia species was 0.8%. The genetic distances between Atlantoscia species and the new species A. antennamaculata sp. nov. and A. australis sp. nov. were 1.2% and 0.7%, respectively (Table 2). Species delimitation. The likelihood of the null model in the GMYC analysis was significantly lower than the maximum likelihood of species delimitation (38.31 versus 45.11, ratio = 14.96, P = 0.001). As the null model assumes that all individuals within the sample belong to a single species, we reject this model. The GMYC analyses based on the COI dataset indicated the presence of 7 ML entities. Meanwhile, ABGD analysis with JC69 and K2P models produced ten recursive partitions, which recovered seven groups in all cases. These results support those of the phylogenetic analysis and confirmed the taxonomic validity of the currently recognized species of Atlantoscia.

Atlantoscia antennamaculata Campos-Filho, Cardoso & Araujo sp. nov. Figs 1–3 Zoobank. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:06D14C40-4FD5-4948-9839-68F7B45CAE0D. Etymology. Latin: antenna = antenna + maculata = spotted. The new species name refers to typical unpigmented spots along the antennae. Material examined. Holotype: male (MZUSP 36766), Santa Catarina, Corupá, 26°24’08”S 49°20’40”W, 28 Jun 2012, leg. P.B. Araujo and B.L. Zimmermann. Paratypes: 2 males (one in micropreparations), 7 females (MZUSP 36767), same data as holotype. Description. Maximum body length: male 6.5 mm, female 8.5 mm. Color brown; antennae strongly pigmented with unpigmented spots; cephalon and uropods with irregular unpigmented spots; pereon with unpigmented spots on median and paramedian region, pereonites 5–7 more pigmented, epimera more pigmented with one or two large unpigmented spots; pleonites 1–5 and telson with three unpigmented spots, pleonites 3–5 epimera with one unpigmented spot. Body outline as in Fig. 1A. Cephalon with lateral lobes not developed, frontal line absent, suprantennal line bent downwards on middle. Dorsum covered with elongated triangular scale-setae (Fig. 1B). Pereon (Fig. 1A) with pereonite 1 epimera directed frontwards, not surpassing eyes; pereonites 5–7 epimera gradually directed backwards; pereonite 7 with posterior margin arched. Noduli laterales coordinates as in Fig. 1C and D. Pereonites with glandular pores on lateral margins (Fig. 1E). Pleon (Fig. 1A) narrower than pereon; pleonites 3–5 epimera not well-developed, directed backwards. Telson (Fig. 1F) triangular, lateral sides slightly concave, apex acute. Antennula (Fig. 1G) of three articles, proximal and distal articles subequal in length, distal article bearing 12 lateral aesthetascs in about six rows plus apical pair. Antenna (Fig. 1H) reaching pereonite 4 when extend backwards; flagellum of three articles, medial and distal articles subequal in length, distal organ about one third of length of distal article of flagellum. Mandibles with dense cushion of setae, molar penicil composed of five branches, left mandible (Fig. 2A) with 2+1 penicils, right mandible (Fig. 2B) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig. 2C) inner endite with distal margin rounded bearing two hairy penicils; outer endite of 4+6 teeth, five of them cleft at apex. Maxilla (Fig. 2D) inner lobe rounded covered with thick setae; outer lobe three times as wide as inner lobe, distal margin sinuous covered with thin setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 2E) basis subrectangular, palp with two distinct setae on proximal article, endite with distal margin rounded bearing two hook-like setae. Pereopods (Fig. 3B, C) rather slender bearing fringe of scales on merus and carpus; carpus 1 with transverse antennal grooming brush and distal seta double fringed at apex. Dactylus (Fig. 3B) of two claws, inner claw not surpassing outer claw; ungual seta and dactylar organ simple, not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Fig. 3A) protopod subrectangular, protopod and exopod grooved on outer margin bearing many glandular pores; exopod about twice as long as endopod; endopod inserted proximally. Respiratory areas of floridana -type on pleopod exopods. Male. Genital papilla (Fig. 3D) with triangular ventral shield, distal papilla bearing two subapical orifices. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 3D) exopod heart-shaped, outer margin concave, distal portion triangular, elongated and directed outwards; endopod longer than exopod, distal portion bent outwards bearing small setae on medial margin and serrate plaque. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 3E) exopod triangular, outer margin concave bearing seven small setae; endopod slightly longer than endopod. Pleopod 3 exopod (Fig. 3F) triangular, outer margin concave bearing eight small setae. Pleopod 4 exopod (Fig. 3G) rhomboid, distal margin almost straight bearing eight setae. Pleopod 5 exopod (Fig. 3H) rhomboid, outer margin sinuous bearing three setae, distal margin bearing one seta. Remarks. In the shape of male pleopod 1 exopod Atlantoscia antennamaculata sp. nov. resembles A. sulcata, but it differs in the shape of telson, absence of ventral sulcus on pereopod 7 (present in A. sulcata), and dactylar organ simple (vs. arrow-like in A. sulcata). In addition, the new species differs from the congeners in having unpigmented spots along the antennae.