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Background and aims: Pteris is widely distributed with ca. 65 species in the Tropics. In Brazil, 24 species were recognized and five of them are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. The objective of the present paper is to re-evaluate the taxonomy of Pteris occurring in Brazil, based on new morphological evidence of old and recent specimens deposited in herbaria, analysis of types, and observations in the field. M&M: The new approaches are based on morphological data such as SEM images of the spores and from the examination of herbarium collections mainly from SP and RB Herbaria. Results: Four species are being recognized in the present paper (P. lata, P. organensis, P. praealta, and P. sericea). For two of them, two new combinations into Pteris are presented: P. organensis and P. praealta. A key to distinguishing the newly recognized species and its relative taxa, as well as descriptions, illustrations, and comments are presented in this paper. Conclusions: By reviewing herbarium materials, mainly observing the morphology of the spores, and collecting more specimens in the field, it was possible to recognize three species (Pteris lata, P. organensis, and P. praealta) in Brazil and also verify the correct application of the name Pteris sericea to the Brazilian plants. All these names had been previously synonymized in previous studies. After this study, 27 species of Pteris are recognized in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the rediscovery, a century after its last record, of two specimens of Pristimantis ruidus from approximately 6 km northeast of its type locality, in a montane forest from the western Andes of southern Ecuador. This species, described by John D. Lynch in 1979, based on specimens collected in 1922 by George H. Tate, was previously known only from the type series, all specimens originating from a single locality (Molleturo, Provincia Azuay, Ecuador, 2317 m elev.). The rediscovery occurred in November 2022 in the Reserva de Conservación Quitahuaycu, Molleturo Parish, Azuay Province. The two specimens, both females, are characterised by rough skin with numerous rounded low warts and tubercles on their dorsum, a W-shaped occipital fold, tympanum and tympanic ring not externally visible and by the lack of cranial crests, characters that correspond with the description of the holotype. We evaluate the phylogenetic relationships, based on two mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S rRNA) and one nuclear gene (RAG-1). These analyses reveal Pristimantis ruidus as a member of the subgenus Huicundomantis, being most closely related to P. philipi, a species with a distribution restricted to the paramo of the same mountain region (Macizo del Cajas). Pristimantis ruidus co-exists with Pristimantis jimenezi, three additional species of Pristimantis and one Noblella with uncertain taxonomic status. This rediscovery underscores the urgency of implementing effective conservation and monitoring measures for the few remnants of the original ecosystems from western Ecuador, which face ongoing anthropogenic threats and harbour a diversity that remains insufficiently studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A morphological study is carried out on the taxonomic characters of the species of the genus Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905, grouped in the bimaculatus subgeneric group, present in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Balearic Islands, and the Canary Islands. The morphological characters and their value as a discriminating criterion of the species of the group are analyzed, as well as the concordant and discordant aspects of the known trophic biology of the different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the collection of ferns and lycophytes in the Huasteca potosina of Mexico, a new species of Adiantum is described and illustrated. Adiantum aquismonense has morphological and anatomical features that distinguish it from Adiantum tricholepis and Adiantum feei. In particular, A. aquismonense has reddish-brown hairs and its geographical distribution tends towards the slope of the Gulf of Mexico. In contrast, A. tricholepis has hyaline hairs, and while A. feei has reddish hairs similar in color to those of the new species, they are shorter. All three species are found in Mexico. Anatomically, the fusion of vascular bundles of the petiole in A. aquismonense occurs distally in the petiole, whereas in A. tricholepis it occurs in the middle of the petiole. The spongy parenchyma of the leaves is more compact in A. tricholepis than in A. aquismonense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Glassella had never been formally recorded in Brazil. Coelho (1996, 1997) assigned specimens collected in northeastern Brazil, in the states of Maranhão and Pernambuco, to Pinnixa floridana , a species that was recently allocated to Glassella and had its rediagnosis proposed. The reassessment of the material analysed by Coelho and the study of three additional specimens collected during an offshore expedition in the state of Espírito Santo resulted in the discovery and description of a new species and the recognition of another undescribed species of Glassella in Brazilian waters. The new species is herein named G. schubarti sp. nov., in honour of the late Christoph D. Schubart, who has made many important contributions to the study of evolution and diversity of brachyuran crabs. These species represent the southernmost records of the genus and the first species of Glassella described from Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The harlequin toads (Bufonidae, Atelopus) from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia are poorly understood, with several species being known only from few specimens and a single locality. Material from the Yotoco area, Departamento Valle del Cauca, has been addressed in previous studies and was allocated ambiguously to different available names. We here describe the Yotoco Atelopus as a species new to science as it is readily distinguished from all congenerics by a combination of morphological characters (i.e., snout profile, cranial crests, skin texture, pattern and coloration). In addition, we comment on the taxonomy of three Atelopus populations from the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Central of Colombia; two of them we tentatively assign to A. nicefori and A. sonsonensis, respectively. The third one remains of unclear status. The need for further examination of the harlequin toads from the Andes of Colombia in an integrative taxonomic framework is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este estudo objetivou contribuir para o conhecimento taxonômico de Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae) na Região Metropolitana de Belém, no estado do Pará, Amazônia Brasileira. Foram registradas oito espécies de Sloanea: S. floribunda, S. grandiflora, S. granulosa, S. guianensis, S. nitida, S. porphyrocarpa, S. sinemariensis e S. terniflora. São fornecidas chave de identificação, descrições morfológicas, informações sobre distribuição geográfica e comentários taxonômicos das espécies tratadas.

Primer registre d'Oribatula variaporosa (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatulidae) a Ucraïna Primer registre d'Oribatula variaporosa Iordansky, 1991 a Ucranïna. Es presenta una descripció complementària d'aquesta espècie basada en un exemplar adult recol·lectat a l'estepa de praderia seca del poble de Dudari, CATC de Rzhyshchiv, regió de Kíiv. S'ha preparat una clau dels àcars Oribatula d'Ucraïna.

A morphological study is carried out on the taxonomic characters of the species of the genus Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905, grouped in the foveolatus subgeneric group, present in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Balearic Islands, and the Canary Islands. The morphological characters and their value as a discriminating criterion of the species of the group are analyzed, as well as the concordant and discordant aspects of the known trophic biology of the different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We re-evaluate the taxonomic status of specimens of Rhinella collected from rainforests on the eastern Andean slopes and foothills of central Bolivia. The respective populations have been allocated to different nominal taxa, namely Rhinella fissipes and R. leptoscelis, in the past. By detailed morphological comparisons, including the type specimens of crucial taxa, as well as a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, we here demonstrate that the focal populations represent a divergent lineage within the Rhinella veraguensis species group, being apparently closely related to R. rumbolli from northern Argentina, but only distantly related to R. leptoscelis, with which they share several morphological character states. Also, the specimens of the focal lineage differ by a unique combination of morphological character states from all known nominal species currently assigned to the R. veraguensis group. Consequently, we describe this lineage as a new species. We discuss the history of its changing taxonomic allocations and demonstrate that former conclusions were barely justified and wrong. We also provide a description of the osteology of this species using computer tomography (micro-CT). Furthermore, we discuss the status of the nominal taxon Bufo pleuropterus Schmidt, 1857, currently considered to represent a junior synonym of Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti, 1768), and provide arguments for the specific distinctness of these two taxa. Consequently, we regard Rhinella pleuroptera (Schmidt, 1857) a valid species. Based on its external morphology, which is rather similar to that of R. inca, we speculate that R. pleuroptera is possibly related to species in the R. veraguensis group, although this remains in need of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report the results of a taxonomic revision of the species of Bryconamericus from the Amazon River Basin of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and the Pacific coastal rivers of Peru. Based on morphological analyses, four valid species are recognized: B. bolivianus Pearson 1924, B. osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen 1942, B. pachacuti Eigenmann 1927 and B. phoenicopterus (Cope 1872). Three new species are described: B. lambayequensis sp. n. from the Cañariaco River, Pacific coast, Peru and two from the Amazon River Basin: B. abalio sp. n. from the Ucayali River drainage, Peru, and B. parapetiensis sp. n. from Itenez/Parapeti, Amazonia, Bolivia. Two species are synonymized and one was recently assigned to another genus: Bryconamericus alfredae is considered a junior synonym of Acrobrycon ipanquianus; Bryconamericus grosvenori is a junior synonym of B. bolivianus. A taxonomic key to these species of Bryconamericus and comments on the conservation status of the Amazonian and Pacific coast freshwater ichthyofauna are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, amphibians are recognized as the most threatened vertebrate group worldwide. In this context, studies that offer tools for amphibian conservation are strategic to reduce the threats to this group. The absence of detailed descriptions and morphological variation of the anuran larval stage and the lack of identification tools increase the difficulty of anuran larval stage identification by non-specialists. Here we present the morphological characterization of tadpoles of 49 anuran species that occur in the Cerrado biome and transitional areas. Also, we compared our characterization with available descriptions of the tadpole and provided comments about the morphological variation found in our samples. Finally, we produced a taxonomic key as a tool for species identification using the anuran larval stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on the taxonomic characters that have been used to discriminate the different species of the genus Bruchidius included in the unicolor group, represented in the Iberian-Balearic and Canary Islands fauna, is carried out. The taxonomic and biological heterogeneity of the species included in this group is discussed and some criteria are provided for characterization according this heterogeneity. The morphological analysis concludes with the low taxonomic value of its characters to differentiate the species, requiring the use of a set of characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se hizo una revisión de la bibliografía para la región del Caribe mexicano y cubano con la finalidad de conocer la lista se especies registradas del género Udotea. Se obtuvo un total de 14 entidades para México y 19 para Cuba. Se realizaron colectas de diferentes especies del género Udotea en localidades representativas del Caribe mexicano y cubano, y se evaluaron los caracteres taxonómicos actualmente en uso para la identificación de especies de este género. Finalmente se hizo una evaluación y discusión de los caracteres utilizados para la segregación de especies. A pesar de lo conclusivos que pueden ser los exámenes moleculares para delimitar especies, puede decirse que existe un complejo de especies que aún requieren delimitación morfológica precisa. Udotea dixonii D.S. Littler et M.M Littler y U. flabellum (Ellis et Solander) M. Howe difieren en menos de un 25% de caracteres, de los cuales no siempre se presentan en forma discreta. Semejante problema se presenta entre Udotea looensis D.S. Littler et M.M Littler y U. spinulosa Howe. Consideramos que aún no está resuelta la taxonomía del género en el Atlántico Occidental Tropical. Se ofrecen algunos detalles sobre las estructuras fértiles en Udotea caribaea D.S. Littler et M.M Littler.

Asphondylia leucaenae Skuhravá sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described from Mexico. Galls occur in flower buttons deforming the fruits of Leucaena diversifolia and L. leucocephala galls (Fabaceae). The presence of these make it impossible to form fruits and cause the death of the branch. Male, female, larva, pupa, and gall are described, and the biology is commented. This new species is only the gall midge species known on Leucaena genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., are among the top three most significant nematode parasites of a wide range of vascular plants including several economically important crops. There are more than 100 described species. Identification at the species level is difficult due to morphological similarities and overlapping morphometric characters. This research was carried out between 2017 and 2019 with the aim of identifying Pratylenchus species associated with four crops in Costa Rica. Species of Pratylenchus were identified by their morphological features and with molecular methods. For molecular analysis, rDNA 28S expansion segments D2-D3 were amplified by PCR with D2A and D3B primers and the ITS1 region with the 18S and rDNA1 primers, which were subsequently sent for sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships between Pratylenchus species were established by Bayesian Inference, based on the sequences analyzed. Three species of Pratylenchus were detected: P. brachyurus associated with pineapple (Ananas comosus), P. coffeae with plantain (Musa paradisiaca), and P. zeae associated with rice (Oryza sativa) and star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis). Of the three Pratylenchus species identified in this research, this is the first report of P. zeae associated with star grass in Costa Rica, however, this species had already been reported in rice in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flies of the family Calliphoridae are relevant in medico-legal investigations. Lucilia purpurascens is a specie belonging to this family which has been reported in different countries, including Colombia. Although there are records for Boyacá, there are no scientific publications to support them. The genus Lucilia has challenges in taxonomically separating its species due to synonyms, and L. purpurascens is an example of this. taking into account the above, the study aimed to identify and describe the main morphological characteristics of L. purpurascens from the Department of Boyacá. Adults, including males and females from L. purpurascens were collected and colonized under laboratory conditions. Daily individuals of all stages of development were taken out. Larvae were rinsed and fixed on permanent plates. A distinctive feature of the third-instar larva was the pattern of double-ended spines. Regarding adults, there was a marked sexual dimorphism, evident in the silver parafacial in males and orange in females, as well as a difference in the size of the mean ocellus. In general, taxonomic characters of the calyptras, ampulla, and wings were described, which combined are relevant for the taxonomic identification of the species using both males and females. The characters were registered photographically, which will facilitate the correct identification through traditional taxonomy. The present work presents for the first time the complete description of the female of L. purpurascens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The campos rupestres (rupestrian grasslands) of the Brazilian Espinhaço Range are renowned for harboring extraordinary plant diversity and endemism, yet many groups representative of this habitat remain taxonomically understudied. Sauvagesia, a predominantly neotropical genus of Sauvagesieae (Ochnaceae), is a classic example. In this study, we refine the long-neglected and problematic taxonomy of the Espinhaço-Range-inhabiting species of Sauvagesia. Our taxonomic treatment includes 24 species of which seven are derived from recently described taxa or new combinations presented herein. For each of the three new combinations from variety into species status, we also provide new lectotypifications. The studied species are remarkably variable in habit, leaf, and floral architectures, and their distribution is often narrowly restricted to particular mountains across the Espinhaço Range, a pattern especially observed in the highly endemic S. subsect. Vellozianae. We provide an updated identification key, distribution maps, photographs, and a discussion of diagnostic morphological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este estudio es una contribución al conocimiento de las especies de picudos presentes en México. Se identificaron ocho tribus, 11 géneros y 20 especies. Se reportan por primera vez 12 especies de curculiónidos para el estado de Chihuahua; tres de estas son nuevos registros para el país: Smicronyx humilis Anderson, Stictobaris pimalis Casey y Pandeleteius defectus Green.

La identidad taxonómica de las especies es una temática de discusión que se ha venido realizando hasta nuestros días y continuará a medida que aumente el volumen de información de las especies. Para un correcto análisis es necesario trabajar la identificación desde sus orígenes, comprendiendo como los autores identificaban e interpretaban los caracteres morfológicos que caraterizan los diferentes taxas. En este estudio se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los artículos correspondientes a las descripciones de las especies del género Pristimantis que presentan distribución en el municipio de Santa María ubicado en el departamento del Huila ­ Colombia. Se encontraron 12 especies potenciales de las cuales ocho son muy probables, tres medianamente probables y una poco probable. A partir de esta revisión se construyó una matriz de 80 caracteres teniendo en cuenta las descripciones originales correspondientes a la cabeza, los dedos, la textura de la piel, pliegues, tubérculos, coloración en conserva y coloración en vida. Esta revisión se realizó con el fin de identificar la objetividad de los caracteres que se utilizan para describir especies de este género y se proponen alternativas para estandarizar los caracteres que presentan ambigüedad en las descripciones. Finalmente se contrastaron estos caracteres con ejemplares encontrados en campo para analizar su correcta interpretación.

A study on the taxonomic characters that have been used to discriminate the different species of the genus Bruchidius included in the varius group, represented in the Iberian-Balearic and Canary Islands fauna, is carried out. The taxonomic and biological heterogeneity of the species included in this group is discussed and some criteria are provided for characterization according to this heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Last instar larvae of the variegated mud-loving beetle Heterocerus similis Grouvelle are described and illustrated in detail. Comparative notes with earlier instars are also included. Based on the width of the head capsule and the prothorax four different instars were identified; considering that heterocerids show five larval instars, the four instars identified probably correspond to the last four. Larval length was not useful to recognize among different larval stages. The larva of H. similis is compared to that of H. freudei (Pacheco), the only other described South American heterocerid larva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Flora Montibérica is the property of Flora Montiberica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se entrega una redescripción de ambos sexos para Gonolabina spectabilis (Philippi, 1863), con nuevos datos sobre la morfología genital, nuevas localidades de distribución geográfica y antecedentes de su historia de vida.

A taxonomic study of the genus Alchornea in Antioquia, Colombia, is presented. Fifteen species are included, three of which (Alchornea brittonii, A. bogotensis. and A. discolor) are new records for the department. A morphological characterization, a species identification key, full descriptions, and taxonomic and geographic distribution notes of the species are provided.

Holothuria (Lessonothuria) coronata sp. nov. occurs in depths of 5-10 m off the Mexican Pacific coast at the Revillagigedo Archipelago. It is clearly distinguished from other species of the subgenus by the presence of tables with a circular disc and big peripheral holes, sometimes with a second series of peripheral ones, a disc with a spiny or smooth rim and a spire crossed by a single cross-beam, dorsal papillae, and ventral tube feet with curved supporting rods with a spiny edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se ha investigado la anatomía foliar de 22 especies de Muehlenbergia, 2 especies de Lyeurus y 2 especies de Epicampes, todas ellas de este hemisferio. Los 3 géneros están íntimamente relacionados entre sí, y también con el género Sporobolus, presentando las mismas características en cuanto a morfología, anatomía y citología: se distinguen perfectamente de la mayoría de los géneros de las Agrostideae y deberían incorporarse a la tribu Eragrosteae. Se puede observar que la anatomía de las hojas está relacionada con el hábitat, y el autor da una división en 3 grupos anatómicos y ecológicos de las especies argentinas de Muehlenbergia, que pueden ser reconocidas por una clave, basada en las características anatómicas de las hojas.

Luego de una introducción general considerando las Styracaceae y sus productos, los autores dan claves sistemáticas y descripciones de las especies St. leprosus y St. subargenteus. Ambas especies crecen en Argentina. Se añaden descripciones cuidadosas de la madera.

En el presente trabajo se describen los caracteres de la madera en las tribus de Leguminosae Papilionatae, según la clasificación de Taubert en Pflanzenfamilien III, 3 (1894) 184; se estudian las posibles relaciones anatómicas, así como la posición sistemática de varios géneros, especialmente los de Argentina, que poseen caracteres anatómicos diferentes a otros de los mismos grupos.

El género Senecio (Compositae) contiene unas 3000 especies de distribución casi universal, ocupando la mayor parte de ellas un área muy restringida y siendo características tanto de zonas montañosas como desérticas. El autor revisa las especies de Chile, basándose su estudio en un gran número de ejemplares de herbario, incluyendo casi todo el material tipo. Da claves dicotómicas, así como descripciones y figuras de la mayoría de las especies. Se estudian así nada menos que 208 especies, quedando once dudosas por la imposibilidad de ver el material original.

El autor discute y describe seis especies nuevas o dudosas del género grande y típicamente sudamericano Adesmia (Leguminosae). Las novedades son: Adesmia nanolignea n. sp., de los altos Andes de La Rioja (Argentina) y A. bonariensis n. sp., de Buenos Aires. Se dan notas y descripciones adicionales para: A. coluteoides, A. longipes, A. smithiae y A. securigerifolia.

Los autores estudian el estado sistemático, el rango geográfico y los datos etoecológicos de los mamíferos neotropicales (Marsupialia y Rodentia) y describen un nuevo género, Cabreramys, (Cricetidae). Se documentan dos nuevas localidades en la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Pergamino y Tandil) para Monodelphis dimidiata (Wagner, 1847), ampliando así la distribución y hábitat conocidos.

El autor ha identificado tres especies de Temnocephala (Temnocephalidae): T. microdactyla Monticelli, 1903; T. pignalberiae nov. sp. y. T. santafesina nov. sp. Los caracteres específicos están detallados e ilustrados. El autor también prueba la aplicabilidad de algunas proporciones biométricas para estudiar material tratado estándar.

Se realizó la revisión del género Laronia Simon, 1892, para señalar los caracteres válidos para su taxonomía. Las nueve especies descritas tienen una distribución geográfica muy interesante: solo una fue encontrada en África (Sierra Leona). Todos los demás son americanos. Como resultado de la comparación de los tipos se establece la sinonimia de Laronia trilineata Mello-Leitao, 1941 = Laronia variegata Simon, 1892. Se dan nuevas localidades para L. variegata y Laronia uniformis Schiapelli-Gerschman, 1942. Se describen los alotipos de ambas especies. Se dan los diagnósticos de género y su especie, precedidos de la bibliografía temática e ilustrados con figuras de los caracteres válidos. Se añade una lista de las especies con la indicación del museo en el que se conservan los tipos y con su distribución geográfica.

El autor cita por primera vez para la Argentina los siguientes Cladoceros: Latonopsis breviremis Daday 1905, L. fasciculata Daday 1905; Dunhevedia odonthoplax Sars 1901, Chydorus globosus Baird 1850, cap. barroisi (Richard) 1894 y cap. hybridus Daday 1905. Los géneros Latonopsis Sars 1888 y Dunhevedia King 1853 también son nuevos para Argentina y todos han sido encontrados en aguas llenas de maleza de la cuenca del Paraná medio.

Las relaciones entre Eukerria subandina (Rosa, 1895) y E. borellii (Cognetti, 1900), hasta ahora inciertas y discutidas, se reconsideran a partir del estudio de nuevo material encontrado en la provincia de Tucumán (Arroyo del Toro), Argentina. Poseyendo los poros espermatecales poco visibles y el campo genital masculino del tipo de E. subandina, estos gusanos presentan una serie de rasgos, entre ellos la posición de los nefroporos, que son característicos simultáneamente de los dos Ocnerodrilos mencionados. Entre los caracteres destacan como diferenciales para la separación de E. subandina y E. borellii, la configuración del campo genital masculino, un poco desigual en ambas formas, y el aspecto de los poros espermatecales, discretos en la primera de éstos y provistos de papilas en el último, solo siguen siendo válidas. Sin embargo, estas diferencias se consideran únicamente de importancia mórfica, y se acepta la sugerencia de Michaelsen (1900) para la sinonimización de E. subandina y E. borellii. Se agrega una definición sintetizada de E. subandina (Rosa, 1895). La capacidad de reproducción uniparental (probablemente partenogénesis facultativa) fue confirmada experimentalmente en esta especie.

El autor describe un método para la detección de las medidas y proporciones más características. Se sabe que los anfibios tienen muy pocos caracteres merísticos por lo que sus descripciones consisten esencialmente en unas proporciones, elegidas arbitrariamente hace mucho tiempo y estimadas bastante toscamente, salvo en publicaciones recientes. No es inusual que tales descripciones se apliquen a varias especies distintas, y no necesariamente a especies crípticas. Este método hace uso de todas las medidas posibles; los más divergentes entre cada par de muestras exploratorias (unos pocos especímenes) se seleccionan automáticamente y se prueban en series más grandes. Este resultado se puede lograr con diagramas de asiento cuando se trata de pocas muestras, con logaritmos de medias cuando se comparan muchas muestras. En este último caso, para cada medida, obtenemos una escala donde cada muestra está representada por una línea, bastante similar a una línea de espectro: en un extremo, están las especies que tienen menos y en el otro extremo están las especies que tienen la medida más grande. La combinación de medidas grandes con medidas pequeñas en una especie o grupo de especies generalmente proporciona buenas proporciones características que nunca se habrían imaginado de otra manera. Además, la recurrencia de agrupaciones similares en diferentes espectros señala las relaciones naturales.

En este trabajo, el macho de Neochordodes uniareolatus Carv. se describe con notas biológicas junto con una lista de las especies argentinas.

El autor da una clave de las familias y géneros de los anélidos poliquetos de la costa atlántica argentina, añadiendo un breve glosario de términos técnicos.

Series de mediciones obtenidas a partir de larvas de Odontophrynus occidentalis del mismo lote y tamaño de las poblaciones de los Cerros de San Luis y Sur de Mendoza, el Odontophrynus americanus y el Telmatobius hauthali (este último como elemento de comparación taxonómicamente distante), permiten probar la llamativa afinidad entre las características larvarias de ambas poblaciones de occidentalis y el aumento de la variación paramétrica entre ellas y el americanus y mucho más con respecto al Telmatobius hauthali.

Se hace una revisión del género Incodynerus Willink, con consideraciones generales y una clave para las especies. Se describen cuatro nuevas especies y se da una nueva descripción de tres que se conocían sólo a partir de los tipos. El género se divide en dos grupos, el de I. romandinus (Sauss.) e I. vilcanotae (Zay.), el primero con las especies I. romandinus (Sauss.), I. coccincipes (Zay.), I. tegularis (Schrott.), I. moei n. sp. e I. ambiguo n. sp. y el segundo con: I. vilcanotae (Zay.), I. melanotrichus n. sp. e I. alticola n. sp.

Sobre la base de un estudio de la rádula, la autora ha llegado a la conclusión de que Margarita Leach 1829 es un género válido.

A new species of oak gallwasp, Andricus partali n. sp. (Hym., Cynipidae: Cynipini), is described from Costa Rica inducing galls on the leaves of Q. costaricensis Liebm. (Section Lobatae). We provide a description, diagnosis, and information about the distribution and biology of the new species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Cryptanthus, known exclusively from Chapada Diamantina, in the municipalities of Miguel Calmon and Jacobina, state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, is described and illustrated. Cryptanthus euglossinii is characterized by having leaves that are reddish in the marginal region, white-scaly near the base and glabrous adaxially towards the apex, with the abaxial surface covered by trichomes that obscure the color of the leaf. Comparisons are made with two similar species, C. reisii and C. bibarrensis, that are considered closely related. Euglossinii bees were observed visiting the flowers of C. euglossinii and collecting floral essences on petals, a relationship that is the basis of the epithet of the new species. Cryptanthus euglossinii is considered Endangered (EN) based on an extent of occurrence of 860 km2, an area of occupancy of 1,000 km2, and criteria established by the IUCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a floristic treatment of the Eriocaulaceae from Espírito Santo state. A total of 22 species distributed in seven genera were recorded. Paepalanthus is the richest genus with ten species, followed by Leiothrix and Syngonanthus with three species each, Comanthera with two species, and Actinocephalus, Eriocaulon, and Tonina with one species each. Most of the species occur in the restingas (14 spp.), but the diversity in elevated areas is also relevant. The Paulo Cesar Vinha State Park is highlighted as a conservation unit encompassing ten species. Photos, descriptions, an identification key, as well as comments on geographic distribution and morphological variation are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombia has thousands of curative plants, and boasts a great cultural wealth in terms of traditional botanical knowledge. For this reason, a taxonomic and ethnobotanical study of the medicinal flora was carried out in the Vereda la Paloma of the municipality of Calarcá-Quindío; The diagnostic morphological characteristics of the species were described and their parts and forms of use were identified (Through an application of a semi-structured survey to the population of the village). 66 species were found grouped into 29 botanical families, of which only 44 are currently on the list of plants for therapeutic purposes approved by INVIMA. It is necessary to rescue popular knowledge, as a basis for conducting research in other fields of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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