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Condition based assessment of OLTCs has become more popular in recent years, and the importance of reliable and accurate diagnostic techniques is being realized. The work described in this paper aims to improve existing diagnostic techniques, develop new ones and combine some techniques (hybrid) in order to realize a highly reliable set of diagnostics for tap changers. Topics addressed in this paper include motor power measurement, dynamic resistance measurement and vibro-acoustic measurement, the latter designed and tested as part of this project. Preliminary results show that in particular a combination of aforementioned techniques may lead to improved condition assessment and may lead towards automated and online monitoring of tap changer operation.

Power transformers are valuable assets in the power network, with the primary function to regulate the transmission and distribution voltage. The regulating device is the tap changer which sets the turn ratio. Tap changer failure is one of the leading causes of high-voltage power transformer failure. Most tap changer failures are caused by degrading contacts. Contact degradation may be the result of contact wear or of arcing-induced carbon deposition during on-load-tap (OLT) changes. Contact degradation increases contact resistance, causing increased heating and arcing, eventually leading to possible failure of the power transformer. Proper maintenance, therefore, requires a diagnostic system which can assess the condition of the contacts. The research presented is aiming at automated defect recognition and localisation from measured dynamic resistance measurement patterns, for two types of tap changers, the 'Diverter Switch' type and the 'Selector Switch' type OLT changer.