1. Validation of LC-MS/MS method for opioid monitoring in Valencia City wastewater: Assessment of synthetic wastewater as potential aid.
- Author
-
Sadutto D and Picó Y
- Subjects
- Spain, Solid Phase Extraction, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Cities, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Wastewater chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Analgesics, Opioid analysis
- Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive and sensitive method for the simultaneous detection of 17 opioids (OPs) and their human metabolites in wastewater using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was validated. The chromatographic separations of opioids were carried out on a Kinetex® Biphenyl column (1.7 μm, 100 Å, 50 × 2.1 mm). A synthetic wastewater approach was used for recovery studies to mimic a contaminant-free matrix. Two solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and mixed mode with the previous phase and a weak cationic exchange) were studied to optimize sample treatment and obtain higher recoveries. The mixed mode was chosen because the recoveries of 17 target analytes at three spiked concentrations (25, 50, and 100 ng mL
-1 ) were > 80 % for 75 % of the analytes in a simulated wastewater. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between ±1 % and ±20 %. The method limits of quantification ranged from 5 to 25 ng L-1 , the only exceptions being heroin (275 ng L-1 ) and morphine-3β-glucuronide (250 ng L-1 ). Suppression/enhancement is comparable between the synthetic and the influent wastewater. The analytical method was applied to the OPs analysis in twenty-one influent samples collected from the treatment plants treating the wastewater of Valencia City (Spain). Twelve OPs were detected with total daily concentrations ranging from 1 ng L-1 to 2135 ng L-1 . The widespread presence of these compounds in water suggests potential widespread exposure, highlighting the need for increased environmental awareness. Furthermore, the estimated daily intake results raise concerns about opioid use as a potential future health and social issue., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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