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The paper deals with the implementation of research concerning the collection routes of a selected company and subsequent streamlining processes in the field of distribution logistics. Specifically, the paper is focused on the optimization of collection routes of textile waste for the customer, i.e., a contractual partner of the company under investigation. The objective of the paper is to analyse step by step the current state of logistics of supplying a specific warehouse, followed by the application of the centre of gravity method for proposing a warehouse relocation. Finally, the individual routes to collection points are optimized. In general, optimization is done for two basic reasons: profit maximization and logistics costs minimization, which ultimately has a positive impact on earnings. The outcome is to determine the optimal routes with respect to costs and traffic while considering complications that may occur in a given transport territory.

This paper provides an analysis of the values of safety distance between the two moving vehicles, based on the parameters of the behaviour of young drivers. The main objective of this research was to determine the driver's response time for braking manoeuvre (BRT) in car-following situations. The test results were used to verify certain recommendations for the vehicle driving parameters, the principles of driver's performance to increase road traffic safety, etc. The driver's response times, determined during the testing in the simulator, were used to assess the recommended values of the safe following distance under different road conditions and various ways of driver behaviour. In the paper, for different values of BRT a safety distance in emergency traffic situations was determined.

The year 1956 is a significant milestone in international road freight transport. The CMR International Convention was adopted this year. The reason for its adoption was to unify the rules in international road freight transport in connection with the contract of carriage. This step was very important not only for carrier but also for the consignee and consignor. The convention also characterizedone of the most important documents in road freight transport, which accompanies goods throughout transport. Its name is the CMR consignment note. In recent years in road transport, the original CMR consignment note has been replaced by another CMR consignment note. This practice is referred to as the neutralization of consignment note. In another consignment note, only some data are changed compared withthe original,and the goods are not handled during transport. It is an interference with the system offunctioning of transport documents, which aims to obscure the actual movement of the consignment during transport. The paper contains own research, which identifies the presumption of the existence of neutralization of transport documents in road transport. The authors also propose the use of new technologies, namely new smart tachographs, through which the sender can prevent the neutralization of documents.

The first and last mile part of the public transport journey are essential for the whole transport system. Its quality affects the overall experience of the passenger in public transport. It is not important how attractive are individual transport modes if the rest of the journey is unattractive for the passenger. This paper is about shared mobility and it describes the connection between the first/last mile and the public transport system. Modes of shared mobility can reduce the pressure on the city transport system. It can also bring a better modal split. The authors performed a traffic-sociological survey for processing the respondents' opinions on the use of new modes of the sharing economy. The survey showed that more than eighty per cent of people travel to work daily, but more than half of them do not use public transport.

The article presents a model designed dummy for crash test in ADAMS. The simulated model dummy has dimensions, shapes and mass corresponding to a 50-percentile man. The simulation program allows modification of the dummy parameters. It allows to study the dynamics of motion, distribution of forces and loads of individual parts of the body of the simulated model. The article describes the design process and how to select the appropriate stiffness and damping joints for the simulated dummy. The article contains the results of simulation crash tests performed in the ADAMS program, which were compared to results of the Hybryd III dummy physical crash test. The simulation is designed to reflect the greatest compliance of the movements of individual parts of the human body during the low speed collision.

The question of how to regulate the salaries of drivers working in the international road transport sector to balance the promotion of free movement of persons and the integration of the market with adequate protection of workers’ rights is rather complex. The range of problems of those seeking to ensure fair competition and fair treatment of employees arises from the fact that drivers operate across Europe but come from different countries where wage standards are significantly different, along with the working conditions. The paper addresses the issue of insufficient harmonization of social conditions in relation to the remuneration of drivers involved in road transport. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there are differences in driver remuneration across the EU, even though they carry out the same transport within one EU territory as part of international road haulage. It also aims to identify whether there is a change in the terms and conditions of wage compensation over time.

The paper deals with the issue of efficiency of public passenger transport through financial support from public funds from the perspective of improving road safety. The aim is to verify the hypothesis that financing public passenger transport from public funds is a significant tool to influence the number of passengers carried by individual automobile transport, and thus it can be used a tool for influencing road safety in a particular territory. The first part of the paper analyses the sources for financial support of public passenger transport. The next part describes the assumptions for improving road safety through increasing the support of public passenger transport. The last part analyses possible impacts of financing public passenger transport on the road safety in relation to the specified hypothesis.

This paper provides a description of driver testing in a simulator. As young drivers are more susceptible to collisions, this was done to determine how young drivers behaved in simulated road situations on a motorway. One of the traffic safety concerns is the failure to keep a proper distance from the vehicle in front, which may result in a rearend collision. The tests simulated car-following situations in which the preceding vehicle performed emergency braking. The experiments were conducted for two scenario variants using different distances from the vehicle in front. The drivers could perform the following emergency manoeuvres: braking with steering away or only braking. The driver response times were compared and analysed statistically. The results were used to determine the emergency manoeuvres performed by the drivers in the simulated road situations. The study reveals that the vehicle surroundings may have a considerable influence on the type of emergency manoeuvres and the driver response time.

The paper deals with the issue of the influence of contract form choice of the transport services ensuring on performance contracting entity requirement. In the first part, it describes the current state of transport services financing in the Slovak Republic and risk analysis, which is related to conclusion of the service contract in the transport services ensuring. The rest of the paper defines the impact of services contracts of ensuring the transport services on performance contracting entity requirement.

The paper deals with the issue of the impact of procurement method of the transport services to the financial requirement of performance contracting entity. In the first part, it describes the current state of transport services financing in the Slovak Republic and risk analysis, which is related to transport services procurement and conclusion of the service contract in the transport services ensuring. The rest of the paper defines the impact of procurement method of the transport services to the financial requirement of performance contracting entity.

The paper defines the problem of pricing in general cargo by impact of toll in the first section. Different usage of a vehicle in individual transportation causes that it is not possible to calculate the toll uniformly for every cargo by constant price for the customer in the same transportation. The next part analyses the existing processes of the toll share for general transport described in Austria, Bohemia and Germany. None of the processes can be used for another state in general. The rest is a draft of the new method of toll share for general transport determination. Key words: transportation, pricing, cargo, toll, road

The use of hand-held mobile phones by drivers and pedestrians is common and is becoming more common every year. Mobile phones have become an integral part of our everyday life, accompanying us in almost every respect. Modern smartphones perform functions that go far beyond their original purpose as devices for making telephone calls. We use them for GPS navigation and electronic banking. Moreover, using mobile applications, we can make purchases and sales of products quickly and safely. The number of people owning mobile phones is growing all over the world, and access to the Internet, which is an integral part of the functioning of modern smartphones, is becoming more and more common. Basic functions of mobile phones, such as making and receiving calls or sending short SMS messages, have long ceased to be sufficient. Thanks to them, we can conduct videoconferences, use advanced applications for time management or health monitoring, and even perform complex professional tasks in mobile mode. Thus, the growing popularity and versatility of mobile phones make them an indispensable tool in our everyday lives, not only as a means of communication, but also as an irreplaceable source of information, a work tool and a facilitation in everyday activities. The aim of the article is to find out respondents' predispositions to use telephones made of corrugated cardboard during activities such as walking on the street, side of the road, sidewalk, while crossing a pedestrian crossing and while driving. The lack of statistics on road accidents caused by the use of a telephone makes it difficult to determine how big a problem it is to use a telephone in situations where we should maintain limited trust in other road users. The research shows that respondents use a mobile phone while crossing a pedestrian crossing or driving a vehicle. In addition, as many as 19% of respondents admit that they have crossed a pedestrian crossing at least once. The conducted surveys and observational studies constitute an introduction to the development of a system for detecting pedestrians and drivers using mobile phones.

Year 1956 was an important year for international road and freight transport. By this year Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) was made. The basic purpose of the Convention was to unify the rules in the international carriage of goods and thereby promote development of international trade. From the practical point of view, this was very important for both carriers and transporters. This Convention also describes the most important document in the international carriage of goods, which includes the consignment note of CMR as well. Recently this document is often associated with the term neutralization. Objective of this article was to clarify the meaning of this phrase in transport. In addition, the aim was to find out in what range carriers have real experience with neutralization of the consignment note of the CMR during the transport, for what types of goods and on what types of routes is the neutralization being used the most.

The costs of each company on the market are an essential component of financial decision making, not only on the price of the goods and services provided, but also about the business efficiency. In business, services have a significant impact on pricing, but also for deciding on the realization of performances. Costs structure is composed of fixed and variable costs. Changing the costs structure creates assumptions for other decisions, as well as the pricing of the entrepreneur. The goal of this article was to identify, whether there is a change in time of the costs structure.

The importance of the issue of an effective mode of passenger transport is currently increasing. On the one hand there is an increasing economic demand for public passenger transport, on the other hand, there is a growing traffic share of individual automobile transport. The aim of this article is to define the importance of public passenger transport and to identify the problems of its operation. The integration of different modes of public passenger transport is proposed as a way to increase the competitiveness of public passenger transport. This paper analyses the individual elements of integration systems abroad and suggests the methodology of integration system applicable in regions where the share of public passenger transport is decreasing within the transport market.

The paper deals with the financing of public passenger transport. It analyses unconventional types of financing public passenger transport abroad. The aim of the paper is to present the methodology of creating funding sources for the financing of public passenger transport which is applicable in the Slovak Republic and in the member states of the European Union. The key idea of the methodology is to use funding sources arising from the provision of public services.

The paper deals with the relationship of increasing road safety through the support of bus service. The objective of the paper is to analyse the factors affecting road safety. Subsequently, the impact of the bus service support on road safety is expressed through those factors. The paper highlights the multiplier effect of the bus service support on road safety increase. First part of the paper analyses factors affecting road safety. The factors are divided into three groups in terms of infrastructure, vehicles and drivers. Further part emphasizes the possibilities for improving individual factors under the support of bus service. The last part of the paper processes a theoretical model which reflects the impact of the bus service support on increasing road safety.

The paper deals with an issue of the impact of road infrastructure pricing on transport planning. The first part describes the history of road infrastructure pricing in the USA and the EU. The paper also describes an applicable methodology of toll rate determination in the EU. Further part of the paper deals with the factors affecting decision-making of carriers while planning a route of transport. Especially, it deals with a value of time savings and savings in fuel costs while deciding among several routes of transport. The proposal of a methodology for toll rate determination, taking into account the value of time savings for a carrier while using the toll road infrastructure, is elaborated in the next part of the paper. The methodology also takes into account savings in fuel costs of carriers.

The paper deals with the importance of the risk in financing public passenger transport. The first part analyses the risks affecting financing public passenger transport. These risks can be divided into two basic groups: cost risks and revenue risks. The second part describes the ways of dividing risks between contractual parties. The risk determination in financing public passenger transport is discussed in the last part of the paper

In spite of the various facts transport belongs to the main contaminers of environment, therefore another transport development is contingent on conditions of permanently sustained development.The article deals with transport negative effects to the environment at present and about expected trends in the near future.