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تعتبر أنظمة التناضح العكسي من الأنظمة الفعالة في عملية تنقية المياه التي تخدم في مجالات شتى. تعد النماذج التجريبية نهجاً مكلفاً ويستغرق وقتاً طويلاً لدراسة أنظمة أغشية التناضح العكسي بينما يظهر استخدام النماذج الحاسوبية القائمة على البرمجيات كطريقة بديلة للتنبؤ بأداء الغشاء، من أجل التنبؤ بقيم المواد المنحلة الكلية المستقبلية تم إنشاء نموذج من الشبكات العصبونية الصناعية ANN باستخدام برنامج MATLAB، حيث تم قطف العينات وتحليلها فيزيائياً وكيميائياً وذلك للمياه الخام والمياه الناتجة عن المحطة في حالة الدراسة وهي محطة معالجة المياه في شركة حميشو للمعادن، تم قياس بارامترات مؤثرة على قيمة المواد المنحلة الكلية الخارجة وهي (درجة الحرارة، درجة الحموضة، الضغط، المواد المنحلة الكلية) للمياه الداخلة و الخارجة من المحطة ثم تم انشاء نموذج من الشبكات العصبونية الصنعية من نوع Neural Net fitting، أظهرت النتائج قدرة النموذج على التنبؤ بكفاءة قدرها R=0.97 وذلك بالمقارنة ما بين القيم المحسوبة والمقاسة.

The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the modern database software which is used to collect, analyze, display, processing and produce geographic information maps for a specific objective. In addition, a statistical analysis can be generated within GIS on specific data to produce quantitative results. In this study, the GIS utilized to produce thematic maps showing the variation of bearing capacity of shallow foundation in Al-Basrah province soil. All the features mentioned above illustrate the importance of GIS exploring more valuable results such as the bearing capacity of shallow foundation from the results of standard penetration tests (SPT) conducted in Al-Basrah province soil. The total number of boreholes drilled was 135 distributed irregularly in the study area. In each borehole, three SPTs were performed at depths of 1.5, 6, and 9.5 m measured from the existing ground level (EGL). The results of the study can be summarized by the production of thematic maps showing the variation of the bearing capacity of the soil over the whole area of Al-Basrah city correlated with several depths. These maps can be used by different local authorities to predict soil bearing capacity and choose a suitable type of foundation. In addition, it can be utilized to assess the foundations of existing and irregularly constructed buildings and to assess the extent of the risks of failure and collapse.

Abstract. With the rapid spread of technology in all sectors of life and the necessary need to increase the speed of payment processes, confidentiality, and privacy in business operations, cryptocurrencies appeared. The cryptocurrency is a virtual and intangible currency, in which transactions are made through the Internet and without any physical exchange between parties. These currencies are characterized by decentralization, transparency, privacy. Because transactions are carried out through a cryptography process and depend on Blockchain technology it is highly protected. Blockchain generally is a distributed ledger or a decentralized database. The Blockchain architecture combines advanced cryptography, distributed consensus mechanisms, and a complex system of incentives and rewards. In cryptocurrency, transactions are created, transferred, and verified through an integrated process called mining. Network members (network nodes) who carry out verification processes of transactions are called miners. As it is a credit or debit card used in banking transactions, in cryptocurrencies there is a so-called electronic wallet that is used for transactions that take place on cryptocurrencies over the Internet through computers or smartphones. Blockchain technology architecture has given cryptocurrencies many advantages and features that increase its strength and distinction from regular currencies and regular financial transactions such as decentralization, high confidentiality, anonymity, speed of transactions, very low fees, unlimited number of transactions, unrestricted by geography and borders, transparency, protection from Inflation, and the peer-to-peer network. The misuse of powerful features in cryptocurrencies and Blockchain technology has led to many disadvantages such as the risks of lack of knowledge, the lack of wide acceptance, the high risk of investing in them, its volatile nature, and the inability to return missing payments. This study concentrates on cryptocurrencies in terms of advantages and disadvantages.

Abstract— Globalization on one end has increased urbanization but on the other extreme was a major parameter of depletion of non-renewable resources. United Nation as a custodian of human rights has provided a long-term strategy of sustainability-Vision 2030 a long-term perspective that was initiated in 2015 having 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) constituting 169 global targets related to the SDGs with a focus to improve the social, economic and environmental concerns of a human being”. Sustainable building of cities and communities is its 11th SDG. This paper provides a sound basis to use building performance simulation (BPS) in buildings to reduce the level of energy consumption in Saudi Arabia (KSA). A Survey was conducted evaluating the knowledge of BPS around the construction community along with a case study that is done to analyze the impact of BPS on overall energy efficiency. The results reveal a mixed knowledge level of the audience where most people are unaware of BPS and the professionals also have a very diminutive knowledge of this. However, it was observed that BPS has wide applications in building design as 50% energy efficiency is achieved as compared with the traditional approach of designing. The study discloses the fact of boosting up a country’s economy by application of BPS as it lowers the energy consumption and carbon footprints. Moreover, a relationship of BPS with customer satisfaction and a framework for implementing sustainability in architectural projects are also suggested.

Quantum computers are believed to have the ability to process huge data sizes, which can be seen in machine learning applications. In these applications, the data, in general, are classical. Therefore, to process them on a quantum computer, there is a need for efficient methods that can be used to map classical data on quantum states in a concise manner. On the other hand, to verify the results of quantum computers and study quantum algorithms, we need to be able to approximate quantum operations into forms that are easier to simulate on classical computers with some errors. Motivated by these needs, in this paper, we study the approximation of matrices and vectors by using their tensor products obtained through successive Schmidt decompositions. We show that data with distributions such as uniform, Poisson, exponential, or similar to these distributions can be approximated by using only a few terms, which can be easily mapped onto quantum circuits. The examples include random data with different distributions, the Gram matrices of iris flower, handwritten digits, 20newsgroup, and labeled faces in the wild. Similarly, some quantum operations, such as quantum Fourier transform and variational quantum circuits with a small depth, may also be approximated with a few terms that are easier to simulate on classical computers. Furthermore, we show how the method can be used to simplify quantum Hamiltonians: In particular, we show the application to randomly generated transverse field Ising model Hamiltonians. The reduced Hamiltonians can be mapped into quantum circuits easily and, therefore, can be simulated more efficiently.

Differential settlement is a common problem in the bridge-roadway transition zone. Approach slabs are often constructed to mitigate the uneven settlement in this problematic zone. An appropriate simulation of the dynamic response of moving loads, approach slab and soil materials is necessary for realistic results. In the present study, the performance of the slab under traffic flow is investigated by a 3D dynamic analysis. For this purpose, the slab is modelled as a plate element while Mohr-Coulomb material model is adopted for base, subbase and subgrade soils. A number of parameters were considered to study the sensitivity of the proposed model to some soil, slab and moving load parameters that contribute to the behaviour of the approach slab. The main variables investigated in this study were the slab thickness, the restriction condition of the slab, the subgrade stiffness, weight of the passing vehicles and the analysis method adopted in such problems. Analysis results including predicted deformations and slab bending moments provide engineers with the necessary engineering knowledge to understand the response of approach slabs under different conditions.

Dentists could fail to notice periapical lesions (PLs) while examining panoramic radiographs. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) designed to address this problem. Materials and methods: a total of 18618 periapical root areas (PRA) on 713 panoramic radiographs were annotated and classified as having or not having PLs. An AI model consisting of two convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a detector and a classifier, was trained on the images. The detector localized PRAs using a bounding-box-based object detection model, while the classifier classified the extracted PRAs as PL or not-PL using a fine-tuned CNN. The classifier was trained and validated on a balanced subset of the original dataset that included 3249 PRAs, and tested on 707 PRAs. Results: the detector achieved an average precision of 74.95%, while the classifier accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 84%, 81% and 86%, respectively. When integrating both detection and classification models, the proposed method accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 84.6%, 72.2%, and 85.6%, respectively. Conclusion: a two-stage CNN model consisting of a detector and a classifier can successfully detect periapical lesions on panoramic radiographs.