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Due to their potential benefits for a variety of industries, blockchain technologies have recently attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community as well as the business community. Blockchain provides distributed, secure, permissioned transactional ledgers, that successfully deal with these problems. The purpose of this study is to present a new conceptual framework that combines blockchain technology with building information modeling. This framework is specifically designed for smart contracts and digital transactions in the chemical industry's retrofitting of green buildings. Within this particular context, the main goals are to improve cost-effectiveness, bolster cybersecurity measures, improve information sharing and management, expedite payment transactions, and advance sustainability. In Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia, a chemical facility was the study's location. The study also makes use of partial least squares structural equation modeling.

During the implementation process, the construction sector significantly affects the environment, leading to environmental pollution and the overconsumption of natural resources. This jeopardizes the sustainability of a healthy living environment, requiring a solid system to control development. A sustainable and environmentally friendly development system is crucial from architectural, construction, and economic perspectives. However, when applying the concept of Green Building to existing buildings, the cost of green retrofits has increased by about 10.77%. A case study was carried out on the existing BRIN (National Research and Innovation Agency) building to provide alternative solutions to reduce these green retrofitting costs, making sustainable construction the primary option in developing the construction sector. One way to address this cost increase is using the Blockchain-Building Information Modeling (BIM) application, an alternative method to determine the most economical cost based on input or a given model. BIM models contain non-geometric information, including materials for building components, quantities, prices, procedures, scales, and sizes. This allows for real-time data exchange and collaborative decision-making between stakeholders, improving visualization and modeling and lowering costs due to better construction outcomes and higher productivity probability. The implementation of Blockchain-BIM is expected to result in green retrofit cost savings of at least 3% on each green level according to the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR) of the Republic of Indonesia Technical Guidelines No. 01/SE/M/2022, namely Primary, Intermediate, and Main.

Considering the global climate change and anticipation of water needs, this can pose significant problems. Trees play a crucial role in mitigating climate change, with the ability to assimilate carbon dioxide (CO2) and certain air pollutants, purify rainfall, and act as a barrier against soil erosion. This research focuses on the Bekasi River, which has a length of 6 km and a cross-sectional width of 65 meters. The data used is directly extracted from project data utilized for cost estimation, and data collection is conducted through interviews and questionnaires. The research methodology integrates Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) as a data processing tool for survey and factor identification, along with Blockchain-Building Information Modeling (BIM) to assess the cost performance improvement of environmentally friendly reinforcement. Based on the test results, the utilization of BIM combined with blockchain technology can result in cost savings of 3.69% for the Improved level, 3.72% for the Enhanced level, 4.39% for the Superior level, 4.92% for the Conserving level, and 5.17% for the Restorative level in terms of cost enhancement.

As a result of climate change poses a threat and crisis that is currently sweeping the world; one of them is causing drought, rising sea levels, melting polar ice, and heat waves; therefore, the target towards Net Zero Emission (NZE) in 2060 must be an obligation in all countries. Green Building (GB) is a building that meets Building Technical Standards, and It has demonstrated demonstrable success in conserving resources such as water, energy, and other resources. The application of GB principles following the function and classification in every stage of its implementation is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This research aims to analyze the cost of improvement work based on GB assessment, which is an influencing factor in applying the regulation from the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) Indonesian government. The Technical Guidelines for GB, through the Minister of PUPR No.1 of 2022, is the latest regulation in Indonesia. Blockchain- Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the Implementation of GB using Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) for the analysis. Applying Blockchain-BIM to overcome the cost constraints is proven to increase the cost performance of GB in modern shopping center buildings by 3 - 3.8% in the Basic rating. It is higher when selecting a zero-emission approach for other ratings, dramatically affecting the required green costs.

Infrastructure development is crucial to the development of a nation’s economy. Based on data from the 2021 World Competitiveness Yearbook, Indonesia's infrastructure is ranked 57th out of 64 countries and one of the assessment criteria is related to water resources. Water resource management in Indonesia is still faced with fundamental challenges, including the limited water storage capacity in Indonesia so alternative water resources development is needed, among which is through the construction of dams. In practice, dam projects are very vulnerable to time delays. One of the solutions to this problem is the application of the last planner system method. The implementation of the last planner system can help create major improvements in project planning, increase workflow and productivity, and reduce project time and site accidents. This research has an update regarding the implementation of the last planner system method on a dam project and analyzing the key success factors using SEM-PLS. According to the study's findings, the key success factors of the implementation of the last planner system method on dam projects are budget plan, work schedule, clarity of scope of work, work plan, planning process, and weekly plan

Several rating definitions must be met following the envision's system. The envisioned system aims to develop the green building concept in the existing jetty building. These definitions are quality of life, leadership, resource allocation, nature, climate, and resilience. This sustainability is needed to initiate changes in the planning, design, and provision of sustainable infrastructure together with the company. This also applies to implementing long-term infrastructure investments that are more cost-effective, resource-efficient, and adaptable. The study uses a qualitative and quantitative method, where data is obtained by distributing questionnaires and simulating using Statistical Products and Solution Services (SPSS). The application of Value Engineering (VE) and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) has been chosen by researchers on existing jetty buildings with the green jetty concept, with investment costs in economic green jetty buildings and a return on investment costs of less than four years. In achieving the ten most influential factors in improving cost performance in sustainable dock construction, the results of the SPSS simulation processing obtained the ten most influential factors, namely: Planning, Energy, Siting, Materials, Ecology, Community, Economy, Operation, and Maintenance Cost, Follow-up Inspection, and Labor Experience.

The MICE industry is considered one with high economic attractiveness for investors. Regulations and user requests for a new building are required to meet green building standards. The Green Building Council Indonesia issues Greenship's green building certification system. A minimum of 56 points is required for additional investment costs but will result in savings in operations to get a platinum rating. This paper aims to determine what factors are influential in optimising construction costs through the value engineering method to achieve a green building rating tool with life cycle costs using Structural Equation Modelling. The finding is that energy is the most influential factor in obtaining platinum rating certification, which requires value engineering and lifecycle cost analysis to achieve optimal investment costs with additional costs from 7,494% to 4,689%. The novelty of this research is that the selection of materials/machines and working methods of the green concept that saves energy needs to be carried out from the beginning of the design to achieve a feasible payback period for new investments, which will be the commitment of the owner to build a green MICE.

Starting in May 2021, green building is mandatory for new buildings in Indonesia. Greenship is a green building certification system in Indonesia issued by the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) which is a member of the World GBC for the conservation and efficiency of resources (energy, water, land, materials, and nature). Greenship will be implemented in MICE which is a building for Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions that has a strong economic attractiveness in Indonesia, which has a population of 270 million. Using the SEM-PLS it was quickly concluded that energy is the most influential factor in achieving platinum ratings from GBCI.With the value engineering (VE) method and life cycle cost analysis (LCC), it is needed an additional 4,689% cost for the platinum grade green costs through energy optimization will get a payback period of 3 years and 10 months. The novelty of this research, since the design, it is necessary to take steps to measure energy efficiency and other resources with a selection of materials/machines and working methods of the green concept to know the amount of additional initial costs that do not much burden investment costs compared with some future benefits of green MICE.

Abstract The idea to build the Sunda Strait Bridge, popularly known as Jembatan Selat Sunda (JSS), began in the government of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, which connect two islands with the largest economy in Indonesia, Sumatra Island and Java Island. This ambitious project will become a single mega infrastructure project with the largest investment in Indonesia. The successful completion of a project can be associated to the completion of a project on time. Accurate calculation of project time duration estimation is the key to the success of an infrastructure project delivery on time. Many practitioners in construction industry nowadays are having difficulties to estimates project duration correctly. Choosing the appropriate method in scheduling planning is the key to the successful estimation of a project. This research proposes the use of the M-PERT scheduling method which is the development of the conventional PERT with a higher degree of accuracy. As a case study, this research uses the Suspension Bridge section, which is one part of the overall phase of the construction of the JSS infrastructure project. The results of this research produce estimates of the project duration using M-PERT is 2104.38 days. It gives the estimation error is less than 1% when compared with the simulated curves. As a comparison, this research also calculates duration estimation using conventional PERT and it gives 2013 days with error more than 24% when compared with the simulated curves. A step-by-step process to estimate project duration using M-PERT method are also include in supplemental data.

Construction projects have developed so rapidly, one of which is the construction of warehouses. The warehouse discussed in this study is an ammunition warehouse. The construction of the ammunition warehouse has a deadline in accordance with the contract agreed between the owner, contractor and consultant. But in the implementation in the field, there was a delay in the work of the concrete structure. This study aims to obtain the dominant factors causing delays in the ammunition warehouse project by applying the Lean Six Sigma method and time-cost trade-off in solving the problem. Data processing used statistical analysis SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), which was obtained from questionnaires filled out by experts. From this processing, the highest ten factors were obtained, namely 1. Inadequate planning and scheduling, 2. Implementation of work plans, 3. Delay in drawing up and approval of drawings, 4. Cost reduction, 5. Relationship between management and labor, 6. Relationship design internal team, 7. Lack of skilled manpower, 8. Flexibility, 9. Errors during construction and 10. Inaccurate prediction of craftsman production levels. This research is useful and beneficial for readers and can be developed again.

Waste or additional costs in infrastructure projects such as jetty projects are often caused by rework. Besides having an impact on costs, rework is also a very significant contributor to waste or adding time which causes delays in the completion schedule of the project. A lot of research on rework has been carried out on both building and road construction projects, but there is no jetty construction project. This study aims to develop improvement scenarios to minimize the emergence of rework on pier infrastructure projects by modelling and simulating cost performance. The research variables were obtained based on the results of a literature study by asking for opinions from experts who are compatible in their scope. The initial model used the causal loop diagram form which was later developed into a Stock Flow Diagram, after which a repair simulation was carried out using the dynamic system method to determine the effect on cost performance. From the research results obtained 14 factors that affect the cost and time performance on the jetty project, the implementation of a dynamic system can provide the optimum solution with the ability to reduce the percentage of the number of reworks by 24.12% for 12 months.

In green concept hospital work, several provisions must be obeyed so that all processes, including material selection, project implementation, and building operations, must refer to green principles. Green building planning and construction costs higher than conventional by 10–20%. By using theValue Engineering (VE) method and combined with the Lifecycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), the researcher applies the green hospital concept to a project which is a case study but is still cost-effective even lower than the original Bill of Quantity. To see the strong influence of effectiveness on the hospital project, the researcher distributed a questionnaire to stakeholders. The results of the questionnaire were processed and analyzed using the Statistics Products and Solution Services (SPSS) tool. VE is implemented after first creating a Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagram, before and after adding functions for certain work items. It turns out that the use of the VE and LCCA methods is very influential in improving cost performance. From the calculation of the VE method, the resulting costs are up to 2.62% of the initial cost and LCCA shows the payback period of the Solar Power Plant with time = 9:64 years 9 years 7 months. The novelty of this research is the selection materials and the green concept of working methods is still cost efficient and the installation of Photovoltaics (PV) on the roof of Hospital reaches a payback period which is feasible for new investment.