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Aim To compare the microbiome of healthy (H) and diseased (P) peri-implant sites and determine the core peri-implant microbiome. Materials and Methods Submucosal biofilms from 32 H and 35 P sites were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing (MiSeq, Illumina), QIIME and HOMI NGS. Differences between groups were determined using principal coordinate analysis ( PCoA), t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum test and FDR-adjusted. The peri-implant core microbiome was determined. Results PCoA showed partitioning between H and P at all taxonomic levels. Bacteroidetes, Spirochetes and Synergistetes were higher in P, while Actinobacteria prevailed in H ( p < .05). Porphyromonas and Treponema were more abundant in P while Rothia and Neisseria were higher in H ( p < .05). The core peri-implant microbiome contained Fusobacterium, Parvimonas and Campylobacter sp. T. denticola, and P. gingivalis levels were higher in P, as well as F. alocis, F. fastidiosum and T. maltophilum ( p < .05). Conclusion The peri-implantitis microbiome is commensal-depleted and pathogen-enriched, harbouring traditional and new pathogens. The core peri-implant microbiome harbours taxa from genera often associated with periodontal inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the volumetric changes occurring from prosthesis insertion to the 1-year follow-up (FU) using one- and two-piece dental implants. Methods Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive one-piece or two-piece implants. Casts were obtained at baseline (insertion of final reconstruction) and at 1 year of loading. Finally, 33 pairs of casts ( BRA = 18, STM = 15) were deemed appropriate for volumetric analysis of the peri-implant tissues. If the patients had more than one implant, one was randomly selected for analysis. Casts were scanned to obtain stereolithography ( STL) files. Baseline and 1-year FU digital models were superimposed with an image analysis program. Linear and volumetric measurements were performed including (i) crown height changes (CHCs), (ii) volumetric changes, and (iii) changes in tissue thickness at three levels below the mucosal margin on the buccal side of the implants (at 1,3, and 5 mm). The Mann-Whitney U-test and the paired t-test were used to analyze the data between the two groups using the patient as the unit of analysis. Results No significant baseline differences were observed between the one- and two-piece groups for the linear measurements. The mean CHCs in the two-piece group amounted to 0.02 mm ( SD ± 0.32), whereas the one-piece group exhibited a change of −0.17 mm (±0.57). The mean volume changes (VCs) were −0.12 mm (±0.27) (two-piece group) and −0.03 mm (±0.29) (one-piece group). With regard to the changes in tissue thickness, the two-piece group presented a change of −0.15 mm (±0.20) at 1 mm, −0.06 mm (±0.20) at 3 mm, and −0.2 mm (±0.51) at 5 mm. The respective values for the one-piece group were −0.03 mm (±0.35), 0.01 mm (±0.28), and −0.01 mm (±0.51) at the three levels. None of the differences in linear measurements between baseline and the 1-year FU reached significance. Positive correlations were seen for tissue thickness changes at 1 and 3 mm for both groups ( P < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found for VCs and tissue thickness at 1 mm for the two-piece group and for VCs and tissue thickness at 1,3, and 5 mm for the one-piece group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Within the first year of loading, minimal changes occur with regard to tissue thickness, crown height, and facial volume for both implant types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of implants and implant-supported reconstructions using a 1-piece ( STM) and a 2-piece ( BRA) dental implant system. Material and methods Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive STM or BRA implants. The implants restored with fixed or removable prostheses. Baseline measurements (day of loading) and 1-year measurements included demographic and radiological parameters with details of the surgical procedures, type of prosthesis, survival of implants, and marginal bone-level changes. The Mann-Whitney U-test and the paired t-test were used to analyze the data between the two groups and within the groups within 1 year on an implant- and patient-based level. Results In all 60 patients, implants were placed and supported 65 final reconstructions (33 BRA, 32 STM). One implant was lost in the STM group at 9 months (98.5% survival rate), none were lost in the BRA group (100%). On the implant level, the median marginal bone levels were −1.02 mm (interquartile range ( IQR) 0.41 mm) at baseline and −1.08 mm (0.59 mm) 1 year later ( BRA) and −0.51 mm (0.93 mm) and −0.75 mm (1.14 mm) ( STM). The patient level values were −0.98 mm (0.47 mm) at baseline and −1.10 mm (0.71 mm) 1 year later ( BRA) and −0.43 mm (0.59 mm) and −0.71 mm (0.97 mm) ( STM). The differences between the two groups at both time-points were statistically significant in the patient-level analysis with higher bone levels for the STM group ( P < 0.05). The changes in mean marginal bone levels on the implant level amounted to −0.05 mm ( SD±0.32 mm) ( BRA) and to −0.27 mm (±0.52 mm) ( STM). Patient-level values were −0.06 mm (± 0.37 mm) ( BRA) and −0.25 mm (±0.35 mm) ( STM). These differences between the groups reached statistical significance on the patient level with less bone loss in the BRA group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Within the first year of functional loading, high survival rates and minimal changes of marginal bone levels were found for both implant systems used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and service use of centenarians living in the community and centenarians residing in an elder care facility/nursing home and examines their main differences. Participants were 140 centenarians from the population-based Oporto Centenarian Study (Mage = 101.2; SD = 1.6). Main findings revealed that the majority of the centenarians lived at home with their family members (57.9%). Increased health care needs, living alone, and family caregiving constraints were the most common reasons for entering a nursing home. Community-dwelling centenarians were cared for mostly by their children and were less dependent and in better cognitive health than those who resided in a nursing home. Differences were found in the pattern of health service use according to the centenarians' residence, ability to pay medical expenses, and dependency level. Findings highlight the need for an accurate assessment of caregiving support systems, particularly family intergenerational duties, and of the factors constraining the access and use of health and social services. Policy makers may be guided by the insights gained from this research and work toward improvement of support options and removal of barriers to service access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]