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The Mediterranean is a complex area, i.e. the crossroad of different religions, cultures and civilizations. Political upheavals on the other side of the Mediterranean affect the stability of the Eastern Mediterranean region and the Balkan Peninsula. The most visible consequence is the migration flow that, inter alia, has made new problems and challenges to economic underdeveloped Western Balkan countries, notably to Serbia and Macedonia. In that context, the highest number of migrants coming from the war-affected Syria. Where are the roots of the problem, how and by whom is sown the seed of their development? In order to answer this question we tried to indicate the causes of the particular characteristics of the Arab systems, as well as the political upheavals in this region known as »Arab Spring«, especially the proxy wars in the five-years long Syrian conflict. The non-democratic characteristics of these regimes represent, inter alia, product of colonialisation, arbitrary delineation of boundaries by the colonial powers, Cold War confrontation, post - Cold War interventionism of great powers, particulary United States of America, as well as, their neoliberal projects supported by the domestic regimes. All these contributed to the development of corruption, high unemployment rate, non-existence or limited political competition, as well as limited civil rights and freedoms, i.e. the reasons for 2011 protests that resulted in regime collapse in Libya, Tunisia, Egypt and Yemen and the Syrian five-years long war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]