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Due to the social circumstances leading to increased professional demand, it is necessary to provide more specialized training to initial teacher education students so they can address textual mediation for L2-learning adult immigrants. This research aims to understand how students in education perceive the impact of textual mediation on certain critical skills following a teaching intervention. There are few previous studies on textual mediation in the field of applied linguistics. A qualitative methodology evaluated an intervention involving 103 education students in focus groups. The results reveal that educational mediation with adult immigrants enhances oral and written communication skills, translation ability, note-taking, and creative text analysis. Linguistic adaptation and expanded cultural awareness are crucial in this process. As a practical application, the research underscores the importance of fostering cognitive, communicative, and cultural awareness competencies in initial teacher education students for effective language instruction to adult immigrants. Acknowledgments This research was funded by the Multiliteracies for adult at-risk learners of additional languages (MultiLits) R&D project, REF. PID2020-113460RB-I00, financed by (Spanish) Ministry of Innovation and Sciences, State Research Agency MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Author: Beatriz Peña-Acuña, 0000-0002-0951-795X beatriz.pa@dfilo.uhu.es

In this paper, the kinematic synthesis of a parallel Gough-Stewart platform mechanism is addressed in order to achieve the motion of the working part of the mechanism along a prescribed trajectory. A virtual prototype of this platform was created in the environment of the dynamics of systems bodies program ADAMS. In the process of cosimulation of MATLAB, MATLAB/Simulink and ADAMS, the input trajectories of actuator velocities necessary to achieve the desired motion of the effector point were identified. The trajectory was defined by parametric equations for the epitrochoid, hypocycloid, epicycloid and Archimedes spiral. The velocities of the actuators were derived by deriving the position vector of the distances between the base and platform points. The solution logic using the given software is presented by a block diagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model of the problem of calculating the weight coefficients of a binary neural network is presented. It is proved that in the case of step functions of neuron activation, this model is a system of linear inequalities, which is inconsistent for most practical problems. A method for analyzing the system of inequalities is proposed, which allows calculating the values of the weight coefficients and synthesizing the structure of the neural network, thus ensuring the absolute accuracy of the output signals. The algorithm and an example of implementing the proposed method are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model of the problem of calculating the weighting coefficients of a binary neural network is given. It is proved that in the case of step functions of neuron activation, this model is a system of linear inequalities, which is incompatible for most practical problems. A method of analyzing the system of inequalities is proposed, which allows calculating the values of the weighting coefficients and synthesizing the structure of the neural network, which ensures the absolute accuracy of the output signals. The algorithm and an implementation example are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on Hector‐Neri Castañeda's significant contributions to metaphilosophy. In his 1980 work, On Philosophical Method, Castañeda articulates a unique perspective, characterizing philosophy as fundamentally a dia‐philosophical activity. By asserting the supremacy of synthesis over analysis within the metaphilosophical hierarchy, his account provides a purely theoretical defense of philosophical pluralism devoid of any relativistic inclinations. Despite Castañeda's enduring influence and profound impact on ongoing discussions in ontology, logic, and the philosophy of language, his metaphilosophical insights have largely been neglected. In the context of today's increasingly diverse philosophical landscape, this paper posits that Castañeda's pluralist metaphilosophy retains substantial theoretical relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychology is as diverse as it is divided: For many research questions asked, different and competing theories will often exist to answer them. Despite the value of diversity, this lack of theoretical common ground has resulted in major empirical fragmentation in psychological research (e.g., a "confetti factory" of empirical trivia), but also to a lack of attention within the research process itself to theory selection (i.e., which theory to use and why?) and theoretical integration (i.e., how can one "connect the dots"?). This article aims to offer practical guidance to researchers in psychology about how to make informed decisions on theory selection and theoretical integration. To this end, I outline the ACES (Analyzing, Comparing, Evaluating, and Synthesizing) guide, which offers a process-oriented guide toward such informed decision-making. Through its four-step structure and each step's engaging and critical lead questions, researchers actively engage in a dialog in which they systematically question and explore which theories to select (and why), and whether a synthesis of different theories is possible and appropriate. As such, the ACES guide offers a practical, theory-focused tool for researchers in psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the early 2000s, there has been a turmoil on the global illicit cannabinoid market. Parallel to legislative changes in some jurisdictions regarding herbal cannabis, unregulated and cheap synthetic cannabinoids with astonishing structural diversity have emerged. Recently, semi‐synthetic cannabinoids manufactured from hemp extracts by simple chemical transformations have also appeared as recreational drugs. The burst of these semi‐synthetic cannabinoids into the market was sparked by legislative changes in the United States, where cultivation of industrial hemp restarted. By now, hemp‐derived cannabidiol (CBD), initially a blockbuster product on its own, became a "precursor" to semi‐synthetic cannabinoids such as hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), which appeared on the drug market in 2021. The synthesis and cannabimimetic activity of HHC were first reported eight decades ago in quest for the psychoactive principles of marijuana and hashish. Current large‐scale manufacture of HHC is based on hemp‐derived CBD extract, which is converted first by cyclization into a Δ8/Δ9‐THC mixture, followed by catalytic hydrogenation to afford a mixture of (9R)‐HHC and (9S)‐HHC epimers. Preclinical studies indicate that (9R)‐HHC has THC‐like pharmacological properties. The animal metabolism of HHC is partially clarified. The human pharmacology including metabolism of HHC is yet to be investigated, and (immuno)analytical methods for the rapid detection of HHC or its metabolites in urine are lacking. Herein, the legal background for the revitalization of hemp cultivation, and available information on the chemistry, analysis, and pharmacology of HHC and related analogs, including HHC acetate (HHC‐O) is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research's aims: The research aimed to identify the effectiveness of learning styles in developing the levels of knowledge and thinking among third intermediate grade students in Medina. The research's method: The research used the quasi-experimental approach based on the experimental and control groups with pre- and post-tests. The research's sample: consisted of (50) students divided into (25) students for the experimental group, and (25) students for the control group.. The research's tool: was test to measure levels of knowledge and thinking. It included the following statistical methods: arithmetic means and standard deviation, to determine the performance of the study sample in the pre- and posttests. The research's statistical methods: arithmetic means, standard deviation, to determine the performance of the study individuals in the pre- and post-tests, the difficulty, ease and discrimination coefficient, the Pearson Correlation coefficient, the Keuder-Richardson reliability coefficient, the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and eta square to measure the effect size. The research's result: There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group (that using the learning styles strategy) and the control group (that in the traditional method) in favor of the experimental group in the post-application of Bloom's knowledge levels development test at all levels (lower - upper). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research in the article is Descartes' mathematical method and it aims to show the consequences which the implementation of the aforementioned method in philosophy had on human cognition, and ultimately on the cognition of the material world. For that purpose, the first segment of the article focuses on the detailed explanation of Descartes' understanding of method and shows the novelty of his methodological approach in regard of the precedent philosophical tradition. The second segment of the article shows the application the first rule of mathematical method in Metaphysical Meditations which calls for the methodical - in this case also universal - doubt that can be generally applied. The third segment of the article reveals how Descartes egresses the state of doubt and his attempt to demonstrate the existence of the material world. Here, we also see the difficulties and logical fallacies in Descartes' demonstration. The method used in the research was the method of analysis of Descartes' works: Discourse on Method, Rules of the Direction of the Mind, Metaphysical Meditations in conjunction with the objections and replies and the Principles of Philosophy. As it is seen in the bibliography a relevant secondary literature has been used as an aid in interpretation of Descartes' texts. The results of the research point towards multiple negative consequences which stem from the universal implementation of the mathematical method on the objects of human cognition, particularly concerning the cognition of the material world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the social circumstances leading to increased professional demand, it is necessary to provide more specialized training to initial teacher education students so they can address textual mediation for L2-learning adult immigrants. This research aims to understand how students in education perceive the impact of textual mediation on certain critical skills following a teaching intervention. There are few previous studies on textual mediation in the field of applied linguistics. A qualitative methodology evaluated an intervention involving 103 education students in focus groups. The results reveal that educational mediation with adult immigrants enhances oral and written communication skills, translation ability, note-taking, and creative text analysis. Linguistic adaptation and expanded cultural awareness are crucial in this process. As a practical application, the research underscores the importance of fostering cognitive, communicative, and cultural awareness competencies in initial teacher education students for effective language instruction to adult immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to computer modeling, visualization, and synthesis of a digital antenna array used for transmitting and receiving signals in industrial applications. The paper proposes an iterative method for the amplitude-phase synthesis of an antenna array according to the requirements for the envelope of the side lobes. The proposed method allows to determine the complex amplitudes of the elements of a digital antenna array for any given weight function, based on the theorems of matrix theory. The difference of the method lies in the iterative procedure for choosing the weight function, taking into account the excess level of the side lobes of the digital antenna array. In this regard, in the course of solving the synthesis problem, a weight function was found that leads to the fulfilment of the requirements for radiation patterns and does not lead to a decrease in the directivity coefficient. The signal-to-noise ratio was used as a criterion. For the first time, an analytical expression is given for the formation of a weight function in the course of an iterative process that takes into account the requirements for the envelope of the side lobes. The operability and convergence of the proposed method was confirmed in the course of numerical studies on the example of a digital antenna array. The performed numerical analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed synthesis method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

1,1-Diisopropyl-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)urea was given by two-steps method, then the single crystal was measured by using X-ray diffraction. According to density functional theory (DFT) by using the 6-311 ± G (2d, p) basis set, the optimized structure of the molecule was calculated with the B3LYP method, then the calculated value was compared with the value of X-ray diffraction. The analysis of optimized conformation by DFT indicated that the crystal structure was consistent with single crystal by X-ray diffraction. Finally, DFT was used to study the molecular electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals of the title compound, which revealed its physicochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called dibenzyltoluene (H0-DBT) heat transfer oil contains numerous isomers of dibenzyltoluene as well as (benzyl)benzyltoluene (methyl group on the central vs. the side aromatic ring). As it is used as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC), a detailed analysis of its composition is crucial in assessing the kinetic rate of hydrogenation for each constituent and studying the mechanism of H0-DBT hydrogenation. To identify all of the compounds in the oil, an in-depth analysis of the GC–MS spectra was performed. To confirm peak attribution, we synthesized some DBTs and characterized the pure compounds using NMR and Raman spectroscopies. Moreover, a fast-GC analysis was developed to rapidly determine the degree of hydrogenation of the mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nicolae Manolescu is a critic who lucidly questions his own condition, reflection on himself and reflection on others being the relevant resources of moral self-scopy. For Nicolae Manolescu, criticism has an uncertain, anarchic status, as it approaches the meanings of the work asymptotically, without being able to reveal its inexhaustible wealth of semantic configurations, unable to dismantle the subtle mechanisms and the multitude of aspects that make it up. The global reading of the literary work is a chimera, exegesis assuming at best the role of approximating the meanings and inner workings. Situated at the intersection of opposing categories, between Apollonian and Dionysian, the writing seems weakened by an uncertainty derived from the steady exercise of lucidity, from mutations and "revisions" with a Lovinescian flavour, Manolescu's critical statements repudiating any categorical allure, the demonstrative air, the learned, sufficient bearing. The rejection of apodictic, learned, rigid and reductionist affirmation has the problematic allure of the phrase, the methodical doubt, the dilemmatic questioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mendive - Revista de Educacion is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author undertakes a descriptive and synthesis and analysis of the novel COVID-19 Pandemic dubbed as the Corona disease or the "Wuhan Virus". Essentially, the author explores six objectives and points to the effects of the pandemic psychologically, health-wise, economically and even socially. Quintessentially, the author contends the untold value of prior planning in disaster preparedness and mitigation, a glaring challenge to all nations across the globe. Thirdly, the need for research as well as integrity and being resolute and forthright in the wake of disasters is being highlighted. The paper also highlights some statistical on the continuous rise and trends of the Covid19 which started in China in November 2019 spreading into all continents and most countries the world over. Towards the end vital lessons have been pointed out and recommendations made on the need for more research, impressing the need for the input of the key players and or stakeholders in response and mitigation of such a pandemic now and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ideas y Valores is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research, we study here, the synthesis of 5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-one derivatives 5 which was used as a base for the synthesis of new thiazolo[4,5-d]thiopyrimidine derivatives and thiazolo[4,5-b] pyridine derivatives. New of their thioglycoside and N-glycoside derivatives were also studies. All the newly synthesized compounds exhibited high antimicrobial activity toward certain some microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). Some of these newly synthesized compounds were docked within the protein surface of 5AF1. The reports of this docking study revealed that the new compounds exhibit good antimicrobial activity. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was characterized by spectral analysis such as IR spectrum, 1H NMR spectrum, and 13C HNMR spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language was a means of communication between members of a single community, so that some of them would express to each other their ideas and thoughts, and a common characteristic of that society was defined, and the origin of the word was derived from (rhetoric, idle), if he repealed the matter and spoke about it, and the ancients knew it that language: (It is what expresses It contains all the people for their belongings). The ancients went in their definition of a language to the characteristics of their language with which they communicate, without referring to the Arabic language as a language among the living languages ​​that are circulating among them. Arabs and Arabs (whoever inhabited the country and its island, or uttered the language of its people), and to it returns the percentage of the Arabic language, which is one of the Semitic languages. Which spread in the Arabian Peninsula, and the writing came to denote what is in the minds of notables. This research presents a computer application that depends on human input to pronounce the Arabic letters The system consists of two phases, the first stage is the axis of creating a database for Arabic language characters and their storage locations, as well as the type of formulas for those letters when the initial processing was performed. The second stage is the process of comparing the entered letter from the text with the corresponding sound and placing it in a storage so that we can then process it. In the practical part of the research, we used a comparison between the results of four methods to obtain the least possible execution time with the least pauses in speech, which are the combinative method, the smoothing method, the method of nesting speech, and a hybrid method between smoothing and interfering together. We start by entering in the input text box and using the SpellLetter function, which we use for the purpose of processing and pronunciation, where the input is of three types, either it is a char, or it is an array of characters (String), or it is numbers between zero and nine Num), and in the case that the entry was not For these three types, the entry is wrong, for example, non-Arabic letters or special symbols, for example.,And if the entry was correct, each letter is taken with its accent. This means that we take two positions each time. Using Matlab (R 2018a) to build the proposed system and it was implemented using a computer. Portable running under the environment of the operating system (Microsoft Windows 10).

In order to illustrate the degradation of a method, we will examine Herbert Spencer’s Principles of Sociology (1874–1898, three volumes). The analytic-synthetic method introduced into ‘civil philosophy’ by Thomas Hobbes in the 17th century is chosen as the point of reference for the assessment of the status the analysis acquires in Spencer’s work. A comparison of the two editions of The Principles of Psychology reinforces our epistemological reading of a man who, despite his best efforts, could not rid himself of a method whose legitimacy he denied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called dibenzyltoluene (H0-DBT) heat transfer oil contains numerous isomers of dibenzyltoluene as well as (benzyl)benzyltoluene (methyl group on the central vs. the side aromatic ring). As it is used as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC), a detailed analysis of its composition is crucial in assessing the kinetic rate of hydrogenation for each constituent and studying the mechanism of H0-DBT hydrogenation. To identify all of the compounds in the oil, an in-depth analysis of the GC–MS spectra was performed. To confirm peak attribution, we synthesized some DBTs and characterized the pure compounds using NMR and Raman spectroscopies. Moreover, a fast-GC analysis was developed to rapidly determine the degree of hydrogenation of the mixture.

Background. The detection of coherent-pulse multi-frequency radar signals against the background of the receiver's own noise is considered. The purpose of this research is to synthesize and analyze algorithms for detecting quasi-deterministic and jointly fluctuating multi-frequency signals. Materials and methods. The study is carried out on the basis of statistical methods – calculating the likelihood ratio and analyzing the detection characteristics for the given models of multi-frequency signal. Results. Detection algorithms are obtained for different types of interperiod processing (coherent or incoherent) in frequency channels. In the case of coherent interperiodic processing of individual components of a multi-frequency signal, the detection of a target with an unknown Doppler speed is carried out separately in each frequency channel. In the case of incoherent interperiod processing, detection is performed based on the results of linear summation of the output values of the frequency channels. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the detection characteristics of the synthesized algorithms, the optimal number of frequency channels is established, at which gains in the signal-to-noise threshold ratio are achieved in comparison with the use of a single-frequency signal.

Ancient methods of analysis and synthesis created in Greek philosophy transformed during the Renaissance and developed within the field of mathematics, which can also be noticed in the works of Marin Getaldić. His successful restorations and reconstructions of the missing works of Apollonius of Perga are a telling example of a transfer of the lost ancient theories widely echoed in the literature of the early modern period. Getaldić was also concerned with the focal area of the Renaissance mathematics--symbolic algebra. With his new methods Getaldić made a step towards the founding of a new mathematical area, analytic geometry. Equally, in the field of natural philosophy (physics), he successfully combined ancient tradition with the modern problem of method, and in his first work Promotus Archimedes used experimental and mathematical method, which is an early example of the modern approach to the study of natural sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem description language (PDL) has been developed. The main architectural features of the PDL language are considered. The advantages of using PDL are discussed. The rules for creating descriptions in PDL are described. A universal software configurator for the Web server security software package is considered. Here is an example of testing PDL using a translator that converts the task description to the executable Perl code. The structure of the PDL task description translator in Perl (analysis phase and synthesis phase) is given. The features of this translator at the synthesis stage [13-15, 24, 26, 27] are described. There are 3 modes of operation at the synthesis phase: 1. If the task description does not specify any of the action operators (a special class of operators in the PDL). 2. If the description contains at least one action operator and you need to search the algorithm in the database. 3. If the required module is not found in the algorithm bank under the same conditions as in point 2. In the first case, primitives are used. The second one searches for modules in the algorithm bank. In the 3rd case, the required module must be partially written by the programmer himself. The procedure for generating a web server security software package in Perl using the PDL task description is considered. Examples are given and the reasons for reducing the number of program errors when using the PDL translator in Perl are described.

Currently, the metallurgical production contains a large number of morally and physically outdated electrical equipment that requires modernization. Large capital expenditures are required to replace it. For this reason, it is slow to implement, long-term use for the purpose of payback, and slowly decommissioned. In this regard, the new equipment should be innovative and in many ways ahead of the existing level of development of the industry. The article offers such a solution for the company PJSC «Chelyabinsk pipe rolling plant». To replace the existing collector motor of the pilger mill drive for the manufacture of seamless pipes, which has been operating since 1928 and is in critical condition, a large-size low-speed valve motor with a large built-in inertial mass, having a permanent magnet magnetic system and claw-poles, is proposed to replace the existing collector motor of the pilger mill drive for the manufacturing of seamless pipes, which has been operating since 1928 and is in critical condition. Such a technical solution for drives of this class has not been used in the world. The motor eliminates the existing 120-ton flywheel, improves reliability due to contactless current supply, and reduces operating costs by eliminating excitation losses. The design of the engine allows its assembly without additional technological equipment, which is very important for large engines with permanent magnets. To develop a unique motor, a design system consisting of a synthesis subsystem and an analysis subsystem was created. The synthesis subsystem implements multi-level single-criteria optimization. As a result of its work, the optimal geometry is determined according to the selected criterion. The analysis system confirms the accuracy of the calculation using simplified optimization methods and finally removes technical risks before manufacturing an industrial design. It is based on the Ansys Electronics Desktop and Ansys Icepak systems that are well-developed for CAE electric machines. The analysis has several stages and includes electromagnetic and thermal analysis. The proposed design system is tested on a real project and implemented as a calculation of the magnetic and thermal state with dynamic load in JSC «Russian electric motors».

Most historians and philosophers of philosophy and history of mathematics hold one interpretation or the other of the nature of method of analysis and synthesis in itself and in its historical development. In this paper, I am trying to prove – through three points – that, in fact, there were two understandings of that method in Greek mathematics and philosophy, and which were reflected in Arabic mathematical science and philosophy; this reflection is considered as proof also of this double nature of that method. Thus, we have to rethink the nature of Arabic philosophy systems.

In traditional combustion engine vehicles, the sound of the engine plays an important role in enhancing the driver’s experience of the vehicle’s dynamics, and contributes to both comfort and safety. However, with the development of quieter electric vehicles, drivers no longer receive this important auditory feedback, and this can lead to a less satisfying acoustic environment in the vehicle cabin. To address this issue, sonification strategies have been developed for electric vehicles to provide similar auditory feedback to the driver, but feedback from users has suggested that the sounds produced by these strategies do not blend seamlessly with the other sounds in the vehicle cabin. This study focuses on identifying the key acoustic parameters that create a sense of cohesion between the synthetic sounds and the vehicle’s natural soundscape, based on the characteristics of traditional combustion engine vehicles. Through analyzing the time and frequency of the noises produced by combustion engine vehicles, the presence of micro-modulations in both frequency and amplitude was identified, as well as resonances caused by the transfer of sound between the engine and the cabin. These parameters were incorporated into a synthesis model for the sonification of electric vehicle dynamics, based on the Shepard-Risset illusion. A perceptual test was conducted, and the results showed that the inclusion of resonances in the synthesized sounds significantly enhanced their naturalness, while micro-modulations had no significant impact.

The recent discovery and synthesis of graphene materials have led to many applications in various fields such as medicine, energy and environment. Here, we review the synthesis, functionalization, properties and applications of graphene materials with focus on environmental applications such as detection and adsorption of pollutants, and photocatalysis. For instance, hybrid systems can detect pollutants at levels of 0.1 nM Pb2+, 5 nM Hg2+ and 0.3 μmol Cu2+ per L with a faster response time. Graphene-based materials have adsorption capacities ranging from 21 to 117.5 mg/g for metal ions, and from 1 to 827 mg/g for organic pollutants. Graphene oxide-based photocatalytic devices allow more than 95% of dye degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay discusses the instructional value of mathematical proofs using different interpretations of the analysis cum synthesis method in Apollonius' Conics as a case study. My argument is informed by Descartes' complaint about ancient geometers and William Thurston's discussion on how mathematical understanding is communicated. Three historical frameworks of the analysis/synthesis distinction are used to understand the instructive function of the analysis cum synthesis method: the directional interpretation, the structuralist interpretation, and the phenomenological interpretation. I apply these interpretations to the analysis cum synthesis method in order reveal how the same underlying mathematical activity occurs at different levels of scale: at the level of an individual proof, at the level of a collection of proofs, and at the level of a single line within a proof. On the basis of this investigation, I argue that the instructive value of mathematical proof lies in engendering in the reader the same mathematical activity experienced by the author themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key synthetic stage (cyclization) of 9-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-α]benzimidazole dinitrate, which possesses antiulcer activity, was improved by changing the reaction medium and using the imine itself rather than its hydrobromide for the cyclization. A method using the physicochemical properties (NMR and IR spectroscopy and UV spectrophotometry) of the substance was proposed for identifying it. An HPLC method was proposed for determining related impurities; nonaqueous titration, for quantitative determination. Acute toxicity was studied in mice and rats upon intragastric and intravenous administration. The results showed that the drug substance had class 3 moderate toxicity upon both intragastric and intravenous administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]