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Owing to the influence of urbanization and globalization, many villages in China are transforming from traditional agricultural villages into postproductive villages. Changes in the industrial structures of these villages have caused corresponding environmental problems, which restrict rural sustainable development. Village planning is an important public policy instrument that is used to guide and regulate the construction and governance of villages and, therefore, it is an important tool to realize sustainable development in rural areas. Based on the problems that are experienced by these villages and the goal of rural sustainable development, this paper will use the village planning compilation as the framework, the Delphi method, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct an operable and evaluable planning indicator system and uses Xufu village, which is a typical postproductive village in the Yangtze River Delta, China as an example for the analysis. The case study has proven that the indicator system has guiding significance for the compilation of village sustainable development planning, and the relative evaluation method objectively reflected the sustainable development trend of villages before and after the compilation and implementation of planning. This paper will create a tool for the quantitative evaluation of the compilation and implementation of village planning. The results could provide a reference for planning and developing strategies for sustainable village development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As urbanization advances, rural construction and resource development in China encounter significant challenges, leading to the widespread adoption of standardized planning and design methods to manage increasing population pressure. These uniform approaches often prioritize economic benefits over climate adaptability and energy efficiency. This paper addresses this issue by focusing on traditional mountain villages in northern regions, particularly examining the wind and thermal environments of courtyards and street networks. This study integrates energy consumption and comfort performance analysis early in the planning and design process, utilizing Genetic and XGBoost algorithms to enhance efficiency. This study began by selecting a benchmark model based on simulations of courtyard PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) and MRT (mean radiant temperature). It then employed the Wallacei_X plugin, which uses the NSGA-II algorithm for multi-objective genetic optimization (MOGO) to optimize five energy consumption and comfort objectives. The resulting solutions were trained in the Scikit-learn machine learning platform. After comparing machine learning models like RandomForest and XGBoost, the highest-performing XGBoost model was selected for further training. Validation shows that the XGBoost model achieves an average accuracy of over 80% in predicting courtyard performance. In the project's validation phase, the overall street network framework of the block was first adjusted based on street performance prediction models and related design strategies. The optimized model prototype was then integrated into the planning scheme according to functional requirements. After repeated validation and adjustments, the performance prediction of the village planning scheme was conducted. The calculations indicate that the optimized planning scheme improves overall performance by 36% compared with the original baseline. In conclusion, this study aimed to integrate performance assessment and machine learning algorithms into the decision-making process for optimizing traditional village environments, offering new approaches for sustainable rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the framework of ecological civilisation, the formulation of territorial spatial planning (TSP) and improvement of spatial governance systems are of great practical significance. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, land-use planning (LUP) has experienced profound changes, and tremendous research efforts have been made in that field. However, systematic studies on LUP history are scarce. To bridge the existing gap, this study traced back to the emergence of LUP, described its practice stages, and analysed the evolution of its classification system and methods. Further, the three rounds of general LUP practice and the current TSP over the past 40 years of the reform and opening-up have been discussed. The evolution of LUP was found to be closely related to economic development and could be broadly divided into four stages. The development of land-use classification in China has been slow and can be divided into five stages according to the evolution of the land classification system and important historical events. The development of LUP methods can be divided into two stages, before and after 1978. Since the economic reform, China has successively conducted three rounds of general LUP under different institutional and policy backgrounds. Future development should aim to innovate the theories and methods of TSP with Chinese characteristics and promote the study of village planning and the construction of TSP systems to achieve rural revitalisation and ecological civilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable rural planning is a continuous, multiparticipatory, large-scale process. Most rural areas in developing countries have sustainable characteristics. However, rural areas have been neglected due to the excessive focus on urban areas, resulting in an urban–rural gap that is difficult to overcome. Village planning is an important public policy instrument that is used to direct land-use planning and management. Therefore, it is an important tool for realizing sustainable development in rural areas. Based on the problems experienced by these villages and the goal of sustainable rural development, the study took An Nijād village, Yemen, as a case study. The study used a hybrid design approach, including qualitative and quantitative methods, such as questionnaire analysis along with GIS methods, and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). The research cycle was implemented in various phases, including data collection, coding, and analysis. The results of the change matrix (2010–2020) have indicated that land use/land covers (LULC) classified were arable land (47.9%), Built-up area (11.5%), barren/bare land (8.3%), water body (0.3%), slop land (6.4%), mountains (22.1%), and roads (3.5%). This paper will create a comprehensive framework for the implementation and planning of rural areas at the regional level, considering the constraints of each region in terms of its ability to achieve realistic results on the planning and development of sustainable rural development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Digitalization is the key to sustainable village development, posing a new challenge for village planning, construction, and governance in all countries. The construction of digital villages is currently in the stage of experimentation and exploration; China is the largest developing country and a pioneer in the digitization of villages. (2) Methods: Based on a combination of the Boston Consulting Group Matrix and GeoDetector, we conducted an empirical study on 70 counties in Guangxi, aiming to analyze the construction level, evolution model, and driving mechanism of digital villages and to provide a basis for decisions on government investment and social participation. (3) Results: First, Conspicuous disequilibrium in rural digitalization has manifested in Guangxi, and counties at different levels (leader, follower, and straggler) show significant clustering and correlation effects in their geographical distribution. Second, digital village construction in Guangxi has evolves in diversified modes (divided into four types: star, gazelle, cow, and dog), with hot and cold areas forming a center–periphery structure. Third, rural digitalization has a very complex driving mechanism, with high heterogeneity in the direct influencing factors, significant synergistic enhancement of factors, and nonlinear enhancement dominating the interaction's relationship. (4) Conclusions: According to the results of analysis, we suggest highlighting the government-driven mechanism and regional linkage in the construction of digital villages, formulating differentiated management policies and development plans based on the combination of top-level design and grassroots innovation, establishing joint meetings or development associations and service alliances, and stimulating the enthusiasm of the whole of society, especially farmers and enterprises, in order to achieve rapid and sustainable rural digitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the management of village assets in Galagamba Village, Ciwaringin District, Regency. In the context of village development, effective asset management is essential to improve community welfare. The research method used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, with data collection through in-depth interviews, questionnaires, observation, and document analysis. The results showed that village asset management still faces various challenges, including low community participation, weak accountability, and lack of transparency in asset information management. In addition, many assets are poorly inventoried and in need of repair. The impact of this suboptimal management is seen in the social and environmental welfare of the community. Based on the findings, it is recommended to increase the capacity of human resources, open space for community participation, and apply the principle of transparency in asset management. This research provides important insights for village governments in formulating more effective and sustainable policies for village asset management in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional villages hold significant historical and cultural value as the precious heritage of China's agricultural civilization. Currently, against the backdrop of increasing urbanization and rapid expansion of urban construction land, the spatial patterns of traditional villages across various regions in China are being encroached upon and damaged, with protection pressures growing daily. As one of the important cradles of Chinese civilization, the Lower Yangtze River Basin (LYRB) has traditional villages closely linked with its water systems, forming a unique human-land relationship and spatial distribution pattern. However, influenced by the rapid urbanization process, the spatial patterns of traditional villages in this region also face a crisis, and the contradiction between protection and development is becoming increasingly prominent. How to balance this contradiction and ensure the reasonable protection and sustainable development of traditional villages has become an urgent issue to address. Therefore, this study focuses on the LYRB. Using ArcGIS tools and combined with mathematical analysis methods, the spatial distribution characteristics and essential influencing factors of traditional villages in this area were screened and analyzed. The objective was to examine the spatial structural relationship between traditional villages, four water system types, and nine sub-basin units, intending to reveal the unique interdependence between the water system and traditional villages in this area. This would provide scientific support for the formulation of scientific conservation strategies. The research results show that: (1) Traditional villages in The LYRB form two core clusters spatially and exhibit substantial spatial accumulation; (2) Water system characteristics are the main factors affecting the distribution of traditional villages; (3) In the LYRB, the spatial distribution of the nine sub-basins is closely related to the spatial distribution of traditional villages, resulting in typical regional spatial differentiation of traditional villages in this area. This study is based on a watershed perspective, and the results highlight the importance of the water system network in the development of traditional villages, revealing a unique spatial dependency relationship between traditional villages and the water network in the LYRB. In order to ensure the comprehensive protection of the traditional village system in this region, it is essential to adhere to the fundamental principles that govern its spatial configuration. A tripartite collaborative protection system based on the watershed should be formulated from the perspective of the overall distribution relationship between the water network and the traditional villages. This system would serve to protect the overall landscape, the water network pattern, and the traditional villages. Establishing an overall pattern view of integrating the water system network and the traditional villages is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural decline has become a global challenge threatening sustainable development. Many countries have explored rural revitalization strategies, but systematic research on policy mechanisms and optimization paths is lacking. This study collected 74 rural revitalization policy texts in China from 2018 to 2024 through stratified sampling. Combining qualitative coding and quantitative modeling, including grounded theory, LDA topic model, sentiment analysis and semantic network analysis, this study constructed an integrated analytical framework to examine policy themes, emotional expression and logical relationships. The results identified the “Five Revitalizations” framework focusing on industrial, talent, cultural, ecological and organizational revitalization, as well as the “Four Supports” of institutional innovation, input guarantee, technological support and legal protection. The policy texts exhibit an increasingly optimistic tone, with traditional themes of deepening rural reform and increasing agricultural investment coexisting with emerging themes of urban-rural integration and digital countryside construction. Semantic network analysis further revealed the intrinsic linkages among policy themes. Comparative analysis with international rural revitalization cases yielded the following optimization paths: improving urban-rural integration mechanisms, strengthening diversified input guarantee, enhancing technological and talent support, and innovating rural governance models. This study enriches the theoretical understanding and practical guidance for sustainable rural revitalization from a global perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study combines theoretical research and practical case studies to explore effective methods for renovating rural architecture within the context of Chinese new rural construction. By analyzing the current state of existing rural architectures, identifying their characteristics and shortcomings, and applying the theory of architectural semiotics, this study proposes an innovative model for rural architecture renovation. The aim of this research is to provide valuable insights and optimization strategies for the revitalization of rural architectures in China, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas and the preservation of regional culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid the current global trend toward urbanization, there is a growing need for an improved quality of life. While rural public spaces are essential components of community life, their design and planning have traditionally focused on material aspects, neglecting the spiritual well-being of rural residents. This study uses the public spaces of Huixingtou Village in Handan City, Hebei Province, China, as an example to investigate the impact of five key elements within rural public spaces (architecture, streets, greenery, nodes, and landmarks) on individual emotions and perceptions, exploring how these elements contribute to the satisfaction of individuals' spiritual lives. Initially, we compared the disparities among these elements concerning perceptual dimensions (functionality, technology, and aesthetics) and emotional dimensions (sense of achievement, safety, and well-being). This analysis revealed significant variations in emotional and perceptual dimensions influenced by different rural public space elements. Subsequently, we examined the associations between these elements and objective physiological response data from participants, using eye-tracking technology to delve into the interplay between emotions and perceptions. The results indicate that distinct rural public space elements elicit specific emotional responses, with visual elements and features exerting a pronounced influence on emotional reactions. This in-depth analysis provides comprehensive recommendations for emotional design strategies. Ultimately, this study furnishes emotionally driven design strategies for rural public spaces based on objective data, offering practical guidance for sustainable development and the enhancement of rural public space quality. These findings have significant implications for creating more attractive, inclusive, and sustainable rural spatial environments, addressing the needs of individuals seeking a high and enhanced quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the challenges posed by climate change and rural revitalization, high-quality construction in rural areas is facing significant obstacles from rainstorm flooding. This study adopts a regional disaster system analysis framework and examines the characteristics of rural rainstorm flooding disasters, including the instability of the breeding environment, the hazard characteristics, and the vulnerability of the exposure. Using this framework, we explore the various causes of rainstorm flooding in rural China, assess the effectiveness of responses to these disasters, and examine the differences between urban and rural responses. Our analysis reveals that the increase in rainstorm flooding in rural China is a complex result of multiple factors, including increased risk, instability, and vulnerability. While rural areas have made some progress in monitoring and responding to rainstorm flooding disasters, they remain weaker than cities in terms of governance and disaster management systems. To address these challenges, we recommend increased attention to rural flood control and disaster reduction, stronger preparation for disaster prevention and reduction plans, enhanced rural disaster infrastructure defense, increased financial support for water conservancy projects, and stronger professional emergency response teams, disaster relief equipment, and materials. Additionally, we recommend strengthening disaster prevention and reduction education and publicity among rural residents to promote the ability to self-rescue and mutual rescue. The disastrous impact of climate change and resulting extreme weather events on rural areas has become increasingly evident in recent years. China's vast rural areas have been particularly affected by frequent rainstorm flooding disasters. This paper identifies the increase in rainstorms, the instability of the disaster breeding environment in rural areas, and the increased vulnerability of exposures in these areas as the main reasons behind the intensification of rural rainstorm flooding. To mitigate the impact of these disasters, attention should be paid to natural disaster risk management, normalized flood control, and disaster reduction in rural areas. This requires overall coordination of rural disaster prevention and reduction planning, emphasis on improving the defense capacity of rural areas, increasing financial support for defensive water conservancy projects, promoting the construction of professional emergency rescue teams in rural areas, scientifically distributing flood prevention and disaster relief equipment and materials, strengthening publicity and education on disaster prevention and reduction, and enhancing rural disaster prevention awareness and self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine a strategy to accelerate the reduction of maternal mortality, infant mortality, and stunting and to describe the acceleration of sustainable health development in Bengkulu Province. This research was designed as descriptive research with a correlational investigation and intervention study; namely, the research wanted to find significant variables related to the problem with minimum intervention. The sample in this study used a clustering technique (Cluster Random Sampling), using primary and secondary data. Primary data in this research uses a questionnaire. Meanwhile, the collected data will be tested using validity and reliability tests on research instruments. Meanwhile, to achieve the objectives of this research, data analysis will be carried out using the SWOT test. The research results found that strategies to accelerate the reduction of maternal mortality can be carried out by providing training or education to health cadres, adding skilled health workers, providing supporting facilities related to accelerated access to health services, providing education about the benefits of nutritious and balanced food to improve health. Meanwhile, the strategy to accelerate the reduction in child mortality is to assist in processing drinking water suitable for consumption, provide fast access to services with a community pick-up program, and create a health service program with early detection of diseases in pregnant women. Meanwhile, strategies to accelerate the reduction in stunting rates include providing assistance to treat stunting, providing education about nutritious and balanced food, and health service programs with early disease detection in expectant mothers. There are still many shortcomings; it is recommended that further researchers add research indicators to the variables studied and use the AHP and FGD analysis methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents an advanced methodology to enhance conflict measurement within the Dempster–Shafer framework, integrating linguistic preferences and trust relationships for improved sustainability decision-making. By developing a unique algorithm, we introduce a novel approach to quantify inter-expert similarity and establish consensus thresholds. Furthermore, our study innovates with a dual-path adjustment mechanism to effectively reconcile discrepancies in expert opinions. These methodological advancements enable a more accurate and nuanced representation of expert judgments, facilitating superior decision support in sustainability-oriented applications. Through rigorous numerical simulations and a detailed case study, we validate our approach's efficacy in optimizing decision-making processes, underscoring its potential to significantly influence sustainable practices and policy formulation. Our contributions not only advance theoretical understanding but also offer practical tools for incorporating expert insights into the pursuit of sustainability goals, marking a significant leap forward in decision-making research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural living has been the most usual way of life all through history until the last two decades. Rural architecture, in its pure local sense, is among the sustainable features of rural areas that have undergone noticeable changes recently. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of vernacular architecture on sustainable rural development. This research is practical and descriptive-analytical based on the survey method. Data were collected using both library and field methods. Participants were from two groups of residents and experts. Thirty experts and 354 residents were surveyed based on the Cochran formula. Nine villages were selected using the cluster-spatial method. Then, the household proportion questionnaires were distributed. The results indicate that in the sight of both local residents and experts with the frequency of 25.60% and 33.34% most important obstacle to vernacular architecture rural development is residents’ tendency toward modernity. The most crucial solution to this issue according to the local residents is the cultivation and use of local knowledge (with a frequency of 16.5%). However, experts consider creating desirable facilities in villages (with a frequency of 30%) as the most important factor. Regarding house architecture changes, the highest average for both groups (3.6 and 3.63) is related to the architecture change toward modernization. Results of the one-sample t-test revealed that, regarding environmental aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.27 and the experts’ average was 3.98. Regarding economic aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.50 and the experts’ average was 3.63; regarding social aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.70 and the experts’ average was 3.83. Thus, this research suggests that rural architecture strongly affects sustainable rural development. Regarding environmental aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.27 and the experts’ average was 3.98. With respect to economic aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.50 and the experts’ average was 3.63. Considering social aspects, the local inhabitants’ sample average was 3.70 and the experts’ average was 3.83. Therefore, considering that the results are above the average (3), it can be said that native architecture has a great impact on sustainable rural development from the point of view of both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effectively managing the diversity and complexity of human settlements is pivotal in tackling the sustainability challenges we face in the Anthropocene. Conceptualizing a city's human settlement as a unified social–ecological system and investigating its system archetype and evolutionary pattern offer a promising approach to understanding sustainability challenges within specific spatio-temporal contexts. This study introduced a novel approach to assessing and characterizing human settlements using a spatio-temporal two-tier structure archetype analysis for human settlement systems. Applying inductive clustering to an integrated dataset, we identified five typical human settlement systems for 2019 and eight change patterns (2001–2019) in the Yangtze River Delta region. By linking inductively recognized human settlement systems into deductive categories of human-nature connectedness and associating inductive change patterns with deduced phases within the adaptive cycle, we defined five system spatial archetypes and three archetypical evolutionary patterns, revealing the typical interaction between them. This enabled us to understand sustainability challenges for each interaction, formulating seven tailored solutions to promote place-based development in human settlements. Generally, our approach showcases considerable potential in uncovering human settlement challenges, ultimately contributing to addressing these challenges at the local level within the broader context of global sustainability issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the sustainable development of traditional Chinese village landscapes has been constantly challenged. Thus, this study intends to explore the relationship between local residents' views on development approaches and their visual preferences for traditional village landscapes, in order to guide planners and decision-makers toward more sustainable development policies and strategies that are consistent with local residents' views. The survey results from 400 participants in Guilin, Guangxi regarding visual preferences show that the local residents mostly prefer the mixed village landscape that retains the traditional characteristics of the elements while also integrating the needs for modern living and material styles. For development approaches, the results also show that the local residents believe that the development of landscapes should be based on two main views: (a) environmental preservation and (b) moderate utilization. It is also found that the views on the development approach have a significant effect on the visual preferences of traditional villages. The visual preference for the mixed-style village landscape is most affected by the development view of moderate utilization, followed by the development view of environmental preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the development of rural settlements, the loss of distinctive rural characteristics, caused by the contradiction between urban expansion and the ideal of pastoralism, has attracted widespread attention from researchers worldwide. To effectively understand the development and trends of the Research of Features and Characteristics of Rural Settlements (abbreviated as RFCRS), this paper uses the knowledge mapping software CiteSpace to conduct co-citation analysis, research collaboration analysis, keyword clustering, and keyword co-occurrence. The study analyzes the basic concepts, the literature distribution characteristics, research clusters, key issues, and development trends of RFCRS. The research found that the current key issues in RFCRS include "Eco-logical services and environmental protection of rural settlements", "Sustainable planning and architectural design issues of rural settlements", and "Human settlement environment and service facility construction of rural settlements". This paper predicts that future RFCRS research trends will focus on the study of landscape features and characteristics based on ecology, climate, and aesthetics; study of architectural features and characteristics based on characteristic factors and hierarchical structure; and research on rural revitalization based on sustainable development principles. The paper also offers four priority research suggestions for researchers from different disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing resilience is one of the important issues that is based on improving the quality of life of villagers in order to prevent possible damage and make villages livable. Building suitable housing and improving its indicators will increase stability and livability and increase the motivation of the village population to stay and the resistance of rural buildings against threats. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of housing resilience on livability in rural areas. In terms of practical purpose, this research is based on analytical and exploratory nature and its governing approach is qualitative-quantitative. The statistical community is the central part of Ardabil city. In order to examine the issue, the opinions of 30 experts and specialists related to the present issue were used in a targeted manner. The results based on the experts' point of view to identify the driving components of housing resilience after four rotations showed that among the 30 components, 12 are key resilience components. Also, the results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive relationship between the components of resilience and livability. The results of multivariate regression also showed that the resilience components had an effect on livability and explained 0.610 of the total variance of rural livability. Therefore, paying attention to the livability of these areas in the form of improving and modernizing the village and increasing welfare can provide the grounds for the sustainability of the population in rural areas, and for its development, physical problems and an unfavorable environment must be eliminated first. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment / Nongye Ziyuan yu Huanjing Xuebao is the property of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Small towns and villages are key elements of rural revitalization, which has been a major engine for achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. Previous studies focused on the built-up land development of cities but not on that of small towns and villages. Meanwhile, the relationship between small towns and villages in terms of built-up land development has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we constructed a holistic mechanism framework for built-up land development in small towns and villages. A panel regression model was used to determine whether small towns impact the development intensity of villages (DIV) based on statistical data of 30 provincial regions in China from 2007 to 2016. The findings suggest a joint influence of internal and external factors on DIV. The scarcity of built-up land is a direct cause of changes in DIV; industrial structure, investment intensity, and village planning can facilitate built-up land development in villages, whereas residential expansion will hinder it. Notably, the relationship between multifunctional use of built-up land and DIV changes from negative to positive due to growing human needs with the country's rapid socioeconomic development. The foremost contribution of this study is to reveal both the convergence and divergence between small towns and villages regarding built-up land development. The built-up land development of small towns converges to that of villages, with the favorable factors accumulating in small towns first and then spreading to villages. Otherwise, a divergence in built-up land development intensity of small towns and villages appears when the favorable factors are excessively concentrated in small towns. Our study has important implications for built-up land development in small towns and villages. The future development of villages should consider both the impacts of small towns and the endogenous growth of villages. • A holistic mechanism framework for built-up land development in small towns and villages is presented. • The relationship between the multifunctional use of built-up land and the development intensity of villages is U–shaped. • Both the convergence and divergence exist between small towns and villages regarding built-up land development intensity. • The development of villages should take into account both the impacts of small towns and the endogenous growth of villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a surge in rural tourism, catering to consumers during the pandemic. However, rural tourism faces severe issues of homogeneity and environmental degradation owing to excessive development. Sustainable development of rural tourism is an urgent problem. This study, based on the average variable cost (AVC) theory, aims to explore the sustainable development of rural tourism landscapes with a focus on the Shijing area. A landscape evaluation system was established through factor analysis and weight calculations, with ten principal components contributing to a cumulative contribution rate of 77.196%. The weighted values for attractiveness, vitality, and resilience were 0.539, 0.297, and 0.164, respectively. The findings indicate that Caijiapo Village had the highest comprehensive score of 88.79 (good level of performance), whereas Laoyukou Village had the lowest comprehensive score of 80.25 (average level of performance). Caijiapo and Liyukou exhibited the strongest overall strength, whereas Liyuanpo and Xiazhuang had moderate overall strength, and Laoyukou had the weakest overall strength. The results reveal that all five villages possess rich natural landscapes and favorable geographical conditions, demonstrating the potential and attractiveness of rural tourism development. However, the overall carrying capacity was moderate and vitality was relatively weak. This supports the AVC theory application in rural tourism research and emphasizes the importance of rural landscape quality and economic vitality. The main contributions of this study are as follows: (1) the establishment of a rural tourism landscape evaluation system based on the AVC theory, providing a scientific assessment method for sustainable development; (2) the case evaluation in the Shiying area provides decision-makers with reference for development strategies; (3) emphasis on the importance of ecological conservation in rural tourism and providing recommendations to address issues of homogenization and environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the extent to which government incentives and village accountability contribute to village development in Indonesia. The achievement of the Village Development Index (VDI) consists of three dimensions: social resilience, economic resilience, and environmental resilience. These indicators align with the goals of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research was conducted using village data from Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The data were obtained from 303 villages and sourced from the Central Sulawesi Statistics Agency. The results of the study show that village accountability and government incentives through the village fund have a positive effect on VDI. This finding is consistent with the differences in VDI measurements using both VDI scores and status. After exploring the dimensions based on VDI, this study also found that accountability had an impact on social resilience and economic resilience, while government incentives contributed to social resilience and environmental resilience. However, village assistance does not appear to have made a significant contribution to village development, and it has also been found that village development in Indonesia has not been evenly distributed in terms of topography. This research provides new insights about the relationship between government incentives, village accountability, and the achievement of SDGs in the rural context. It proposes the formation of accountable villages as one of the strategies and indicators for achieving SDGs in the rural areas of Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectus is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Digital inequality is considered one of the leading causes of socioeconomic disparities nowadays and a barrier to sustainable development. However, a dearth of empirical research has examined the impact of digital inequality in attaining sustainable development. This study aims to systematically review the scientific publications on the impact of digital inequality in achieving sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach: The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA, 2020) guidelines were followed to carry out the systematic literature review (SLR) using Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest and Google Scholar electronic databases. Numerous inclusion/exclusion criteria were employed to obtain the most relevant literature. Finally, 54 articles were included to prepare the final database and qualitative synthesis was performed using 12 variables. Findings: While the findings show that there has been a substantial expansion of scientific publications on the focused area in recent years, there is still a lack of empirical and comparative studies; less focus on the offline benefits of online activities were also demonstrated by the results. Moreover, SDGs 04 and 05 were identified as the predominant goals in the literature. Findings further highlighted the importance of an accurate conceptualization of digital inequality. Originality/value: In general, this study investigates the level of impact of digital inequality on the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Moreover, it shows the evolution of scientific publications on digital inequality in terms of its contribution when achieving sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart Technology is a quickly and constantly evolving concept; it has different applications that cover a wide range of areas, such as healthcare, education, business, agriculture, and manufacturing. An effective application of these technologies increases productivity and performance within complex systems. On one side, trends show a lack of appeal for rural environments as people prefer to move to cities, looking for better opportunities and lifestyles. On the other side, recent studies and reports show that the attractiveness of rural areas as places with opportunities is increasing. Sustainable solutions are needed to enhance development in the rural context, and technological innovation is expected to lead and support the stability for people and organizations in rural regions. While Smart City is progressively becoming a reality and a successful model for integrating Smart Technology into different aspects of everyday life, its effective application in a rural context according to a Sustainable Development approach is not yet completely defined. This study adopts comparative and categorial content analysis to address the different applications and the specific characteristics of rural regions, which often present significant peculiarities depending on the country and the context. The main goal is to investigate and discuss how the Smart City model may be adopted and effectively applied within rural contexts, looking at major gaps and challenges. Additionally, because of the complexity of the topic, we provide an overview of the current adoption of Smart Technology in the different applications in rural areas, including farming, education, business, healthcare, and governance. The study highlights the huge difficulties in rural life and the potentiality of Smart Technology to enhance their Sustainable Development, which is still challenging. While the holistic analysis clearly points out a gap, there is no specific strategic roadmap to re-use or adapt existing models, such as Smart City. The study does not address fine-grained indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable agriculture and good governance are part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which have attracted great attention from all nations around the world. A scientific metrological and knowledge map analysis was conducted on the spatial–temporal evolution, collaboration network, research hotspots, cluster labels, frontier detection, and evolution path of 2350 pieces of data in this paper. The main results show that research hotspots such as sustainable development, rural development, agriculture, and others have influenced the development of the entire research process and have evolved into larger topic cluster groups such as ecosystem service, sustainable agriculture, land consolidation, and agricultural intensification. Research frontiers such as agriculture, integrated systems, smallholder systems, rural sustainable development, and land consolidation play key roles. Based on the findings, it is necessary to focus on the UN 2030 SDGs, combine the countries' regional development needs and reality, and further clarify and refine the topics that need to be studied and the problems that need to be solved. More scientific demonstration and more feasible measures should be adopted to jointly deal with and enhance awareness of the current problems and practical challenges and further promote practical development by cohering academic consensus and expanding and innovating the governance models from the comprehensive dimensions of economy, politics, society, culture, and ecological environment so as to achieve good agricultural and rural governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's urbanization has achieved rapid development in the past 20 years, with towns expanding in size and the population increasing, while rural society has also undergone dramatic changes. An in-depth study on the evolution process of rural settlements in the context of rapid urbanization is beneficial to the rational planning of villages and the promotion of green and sustainable urban development. Located in East China, Sishui County is in the transition area between three types of landforms: hills, plains, and mountains. The spatial distribution of rural settlements in the urbanization process shows obvious regional differences. To our best knowledge, research on the spatio-temporal evolution of regional settlements in Sishui County is rare. In this study, we chose Sishui County as the study area, utilized Landsat5 (TM) and Landsat8 (OLI) satellite data as remote sensing data sources, and applied Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis methods, central place theory, and core–periphery theory to explore the evolution process for the pattern, scale, and structure of rural settlements in this region from 2000 to 2021 and to investigate the influencing factors. The results show that: (1) in terms of the evolution of the rural settlement pattern, its distribution shows a gradual increase in the degree of dispersion, which indicates an overall development trend in the region of Sishui County in recent years and that the trend is gradually increasing; (2) in terms of scale evolution, the degree and speed of expansion in rural settlements of Sishui County have gradually decreased, and the scale grade has gradually increased; (3) in terms of structural evolution, the hierarchy system in rural settlements of Sishui County is constantly being improved and optimized from a simple to a complex core–periphery structure. These results will provide data support for the rational planning of villages and sustainable, high-quality urban development. They will also help local governments take appropriate measures to achieve coordinated and sustainable socio-economic and environmental development in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building livable rural regions is a key objective of China's rural revitalization, and fostering coordinated and sustainable regional development in China necessitates investigating the geographical and temporal distribution and influencing variables of livability in China's rural areas. This paper compares the concept and connotation of rural livability based on regional economic development theory and sustainable development theory, integrates China's rural revitalization strategy, proposes an index system for evaluating rural livability in China, and conducts an empirical analysis of livable rural areas. Firstly, the level of rural livability development is measured by the entropy method; secondly, the aggregation effect of provinces is demonstrated by using the Moran I index, and finally, the spatial Durbin model is used to explore the influencing factors of rural livability and its spatial spillover effects. Findings of our study reveal that the results of the entropy method indicate that the livability of rural China is in a growing development trend in all provinces, but the livability shows some regional disparities. The Moran index reveals that there are obvious spatial autocorrelations in the livability of Chinese rural areas, and the most typical features are the "high" and "low" clusters. The spatial Durbin model suggests that the influences on the development of rural livability are diverse. Besides, other variables such as environmental pollution and per capita housing area show a negative association with rural livability, and investment in fixed assets, cultural atmosphere and medical health show a positive relationship with rural livability. Based on the study findings, it is proposed that in the rural revitalization strategy process, the formulation of monitoring system should be strengthened and intensify the promotion of coordinated inter-regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the global sustainable development goals (SDGs) policy in Indonesia is stated in Presidential Regulation Number 59 of 2017 concerning the implementation of achieving sustainable development goals, which will then become a reference for making village SDGs policies. The implementation of the Village SDGs begins in 2021 with all village limitations through the regulation of the minister of villages, development of disadvantaged regions, and transmigration Number 13 of 2020 concerning priority for use of village funds in 2021 in article 5 paragraph 2, stating that priority for use of village funds is directed to programs and/or activities that accelerate the achievement of the village SDGs. The implementation of the village SDGs in Buruk Bakul Village is still very low, even the lowest compared to other villages in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency. This can be seen from the SDGs score of Buruk Bakul Village, which is worth 28.41 points. This study aimed to analyze the Village SDGs policy's implementation and the inhibiting factors for implementing the village SDGs policy in Buruk Bakul Village. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. According to the study's findings, the implementation of the village SDG policy in Buruk Bakul Village has been a failure in terms of policy content and policy environment. This is because the inhibiting factor for implementing the village SDGs policy is the incompatibility of the village SDGs assessment indicators with village characteristics, the ability of policy implementers, and limited resources. To overcome the limited capacity of these resources, you can use the triple helix model or the interconnected relationship (MIR) model by involving the business world and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence the sustainability of village development and scenarios for village development models in the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve area in Kampar Regency. The analytical approach used to answer the research objectives is the Participatory Prospective Analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the dominant variables that are sensitive to increasing village development in the Bukit Rimbang Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve area in Kampar Regency are village connectivity, basic service facilities and infrastructure, community empowerment, amenity resources, integration and synergy of village development. Interventions on these dominant variables in the minimum, optimal and maximum scenarios can improve the status of village development from less sustainable in the existing conditions to good/quite sustainable in the future. The sustainable village development scenario offers a more balanced development process between environmental, social, economic, legal, and governance dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's rapid urbanization process has had a significant impact on traditional villages, and a series of problems, such as heritage destruction, space abandonment, and population loss, have emerged. The village protection and development research process is considered to be a critical turning point. This paper aims to build a scientific evaluation system for the sustainable development of traditional villages in Guangxi, seek the contemporary development value in the process of heritage protection, and solve the contradiction between protection and development. In order to achieve this goal, firstly, relevant data from six sample traditional villages were obtained through the use of field surveys, in-depth interviews, and questionnaire surveys. The key indicators were determined by using the Delphi method and the analytic hierarchy process for scoring and evaluation, and the factors were given corresponding weights to complete the construction of the evaluation system and the classification of sustainable development levels. Secondly, the elements, functions, and values of traditional village heritage were statistically classified, and the differences between preserving the natural, historical living environment and adapting to modern development needs were analyzed. The results show that the sustainable development level of traditional villages in Guangxi needs to be balanced, and that the development degree in the living spaces and production spaces of villages in different distribution areas of geomorphic types is different. Therefore, additional protection and development modes should be adopted according to the specific environmental conditions of the traditional villages. Finally, this study proposes relevant heritage space protection and development strategies from aspects of heritage value extraction, characteristic industry development, spatial resources, and environment distribution, hoping to narrow the development gap between villages and to promote the sustainable development of village heritage spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural vitalization (RV) has attracted more and more attention in China, especially since the Rural Vitalization Strategy (RVS) was proposed to restrict rural decline in 2017. The evaluation of RV is an effective means to objectively identify the characteristics and problems of rural development, so exploring scientific and rational evaluation methods is important for sustainable rural development. Therefore, this study builds a data-driven evaluation framework from a "bottom-up" perspective, and selects Hubei Province as the object to evaluate the effectiveness of RV. The evaluation index system is formed based on the concept and connotation of RV, which contains six dimensions, namely thriving businesses (TB), pleasant living environments (PLE), social etiquette and civility (SEC), effective governance (EG), living in prosperity (LP), and organization system (OS). The empirical results indicate that there is a low level of variation of the total scores but an obvious disparity in the dimensional scores in 13 prefecture-level and 83 county-level regions. At county-level, the regional development stage has an impact on the effectiveness of RV, and regions with a higher economy or endowed with better resources perform better. The results of spatial analysis further reveal that there is regional agglomeration as well as differences in various dimensions, and regions with characteristic industries or policy support perform better. Compared with the traditional evaluation method, differentiated evaluation objectives and diversified data are considered in the evaluation process of this study. The results and discussion shown in this study could provide empirical evidence for policymakers to effectively promote RV in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mahatma Gandhi emphasized the concept of SWARAJ village for rural people in 1942, to have basic services such as schools, hospitals, good roads, clean water and natural resources lagoons wastewater treatment etc., On a sustainable basis, the concept of sustainable development and the concept of smart village can lead to achieve this goal*** in which, people have access to quality education, health care, clean water, sanitation and nutrition, with high security, gender equality and democratic engagement. The easy way to meet these is the good leadership. This Paper explores about the SWOC (Strength, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges) of the village leadership for the development and Architecture Enhancement of villages. The competent village leader with high Emotional Intelligence (EI), plays a very important role in the development and the improvement of architecture of their Villages, which can be measured with leadership scores. For a comparative study 6 highly successful villages are selected with leadership scores of 08/09 and 6 less successful villages with leadership scores of 01-02/09. These are analyzed on 9 parameters that has capacity to contribute to the developed villages with improved architecture attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China's economic development enters the new normal stage, the rural development mode and trend will assume new features. Rural planning must be reformed to adapt to the new rural development law accordingly. Focusing on Southern Jiangsu where rural study and planning began earlier than other areas, this paper takes Suzhou as an example and analyzes the features of rural planning in Southern Jiangsu through stage division, based on the internal logic of new normal development. It points out that rural planning of Southern Jiangsu has experienced a "normal to abnormal" development transition. After summarizing existing problems in the planning process, as well as new demands brought to planning by rural development under the new normal stage, this paper also puts forward the reform directions and thoughts of rural planning in Southern Jiangsu from the perspectives of planning value idea, planning drafting system, and planning management mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrowing the development gap has long been and continues to be a key element of government aspiration worldwide. Since 2015, the Government of Indonesia has implemented the village fund (VF) transfer to enhance its rural economy, especially in remote areas. The impact of the VF on village development may vary greatly depending on the village's location. This study examines the causal effects of VF transfer on the rural economic growth of underdeveloped villages in Indonesia. Using a nighttime light dataset at the village level as a proxy for rural economic growth and a regression discontinuity design in time, we found a significant improvement in rural economic growth in underdeveloped villages after the implementation of VF transfer. Our study confirms that the underdeveloped villages in East Indonesia are growing faster than those in West and Central Indonesia. The average growth of nightlight after the implementation of VF is approximately 156% in East Indonesia, 141% in Central Indonesia, and 98% in West Indonesia compared to the growth of pre-VF. Therefore, there is a strong argument to review the current formula of the VF to narrow the rural development gap in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the spatial contradiction in rural construction has intensified. Production–living–ecological (PLE) spaces, as important load-bearing spatial patterns of rural revitalization, have become a research focus of territorial space planning. Because of the lack of studies on the scale and accuracy at the township level in rural PLE spaces, the objective of this study is to quantify the subfunctional and functional areas of PLE spaces, weigh the relationship between PLE functions, and conduct feature identification and strategy formulation of the PLE synergistic functional areas. Combined with multitype measurement methods, the study constructed a township-level PLE space evaluation system composed of 12 subfunctional indicators. Taking Guli Street in Nanjing city as an example, Spearman correlation analysis, spatial local autocorrelation analysis, and cold/hot spot identification were used to analyze the synergies and tradeoffs between PLE functions. On this basis, the evaluation model of the PLE synergies area was constructed. The results showed that the production function showed a fragmented distribution pattern. The proportion of high-intensity living function areas was very small. The ecological function area had good patch integrity. In the PLE functions, obvious synergies exist between any two functions, and the tradeoff between the third one and any of the two functions. The seven types of PLE synergistic potential areas were dominated by the dual-function high synergistic zone (DF-H-Z). The zoning scheme and governance strategy proposed in this paper have important practical value for solving the contradiction of sustainable and coordinated development of township-scale spatial resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the sustainable development of rural areas is relevant for various countries, both developed and developing. The improvement of existing approaches for the assessment and management of rural settlement systems is particularly relevant for Belarus, as a country with agricultural resources. Currently, there is no eligible information model for a rural settlement system in Belarus. The main research aim of this study was to develop the information model for formulation and assessment of the settlement scenarios for solving the issue of sustainable rural development in Belarus. The research methods were based on the complex and interdisciplinary approaches, including the systems approach, factor analysis, comparative analysis, spatial and mathematical modelling, SWOT analysis, and the hierarchy method. The paper proposes the development of the informational model of a rural settlement system at a local planning level, including five main determinants of sustainability, namely social, technological, economic, environmental, and political. The model was approved by the assessment of development scenarios for the Zavalocycy local council as the first-level unit of a planning system. We obtained the development indexes for 14 rural settlements within the obtained assessment criteria. The research results showed the relevance of the informational model for the monitoring of sustainable development at a local planning level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the course of China's rapid urbanization, rural places are brought into urban areas, forming semi-urbanization. These semi-urbanized sites suggest a dual urban–rural structure in their form and management. With the slowing down of urbanization, the Chinese government adopted heritage tourism to boost the local economy. Local historic buildings and cultural resources were regenerated and restored in this process. This paper aims at examining the role of heritage tourism in blurring the boundary of rurality and urbanity, boosting local economy, and revitalizing the areas with cultural-led development. In this paper, we analyzed the Huangpu Ancient Village's regeneration process. We argue that the Huangpu Ancient Village integrates local historical and cultural resources to boost the local economy, simultaneously adopting urban renewal and rural revival strategies. This paper contributes to the body of literature addressing villages in urban areas, breaking the duality of urbanity and rurality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the development of information technology, the improvement of production processes and lifestyles, and the transformation of commercial economic models, the traditional agricultural industry cannot meet the increasing material and cultural needs of villagers. Therefore, the development of traditional tourist villages has transformed into being based on ecological engineering and sustainable development. The starting point of the existence of such tourist villages will be the protection and development of traditional villages. At the same time, the village space is the material carrier for the development of rural tourism, and the construction of a spatial form that is compatible with the tourism resource utilization model can effectively promote the development of rural tourism. Based on SWOT analysis, this article carefully analyses and summarises the domestic research on the sustainable development of tourist villages. The results show that such sustainable development effectively avoids the excessive development of resource elements during rural construction, which can lead to waste, and promotes the optimal use of resources. Since rural tourism has taken a sustainable development path, the average annual compound growth rate has reached as high as 31.2 %, which is considered very rapid growth. Tourist operating income has reached more than 30 %. It is expected that the national rural tourism income in 2021 will exceed 10,000 trillion yuan. Tourism villages will continue to consider ecological engineering and sustainable development as the starting point for promoting the development of rural tourism in China, popularising consumption, standardising services, diversifying benefits, and making products unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a retrospective evaluation of the long-term benefits of rural housing reconstruction in Dujiangyan city (DJY) after the Wenchuan earthquake from a land unification perspective based on statistical data, field investigation, literature review, and a case study. Research shows after the Wenchuan earthquake, during rural housing reconstruction, DJY optimized land development strategies through planning guidance, promoted marketized transfers of land resources, clarified the attribution of land rights through policy support to protect the interests of disaster victims, established equilibrium in the interests of the government, market, and masses, and coordinated the functions of life, production, and ecology through categorized reconstruction. Practice proves that implementation of post-earthquake housing reconstruction, guided by land unification and land-use transformation, reshapes rural form and the rural-urban relationship, thereby facilitating rural revitalization and integrated rural-urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]