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Purpose: This study aimed to explore the determining factors for green bond markets in ASEAN plus three countries. In contrast to previous publications that primarily examined the incentives for green bonds and institutional differences among economies, the analysis focused on the role of competition among sub-financial sectors in fostering the growth of green bond markets. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopted Driscoll and Kraay fixed effect panel methods to account for country-level heterogeneity and enhance efficiency, using quarterly data from 2016 to 2022. Findings: The findings showed that healthy competition among sub-financial sectors was crucial for the growth of green bond markets. Growth in specific sub-financial sectors such as brown corporate bond and stock markets as well as banks contributed positively to these markets. Variables related to market microstructure also had no significant impact on green bonds but macroeconomic factors did. Practical implications: The findings suggested that governments should promote healthy competition among sub-financial sectors and implement diverse policies to ensure the sustainable growth of green bond markets. Originality/value: This study further pioneered the importance of competition among sub-financial sectors for the development of green bond markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economies in the environmentally conscious era follow the 27th Conference of the Parties' commitments to attaining environmental sustainability. However, using alternative energy sources reduces arable land and diminishes land resources, severely affecting food production, exports, and overall income. This issue raises concerns about attaining a sustainable economy, which has attracted little scholarly attention in the preceding literature. The present research examines the influence of food exports, digitalization, access to clean fuel and technologies for cooking, mineral resources, and oil resources on the economic sustainability of lower‐middle‐income economies. Covering the latest period from 1990 to 2022, this study uses several time series estimators to analyze the aggregate data of selected economies. The empirical results suggest that the mentioned variables are cointegrated in the long run. The regression estimates showed that food exports and mineral resources are adversely associated with economic sustainability. However, access to clean fuel and technologies for cooking and digitalization significantly contributes to the region's economic sustainability. Nonetheless, the role of oil resources is insignificant but negative, which validates the resource curse phenomenon in the region. The results are robust since these estimations are validated by regression accounting for structural breaks. This study recommends investment in clean energy resources, efficient mineral resource management, and the transition to clean energy to accomplish the 27th Conference of the Parties target and attain sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of increasing anti-globalization trends, sustainable economic development has become an inevitable and feasible solution to address the growing contradictions between social, environmental, and economic factors. It aims to achieve a balance between the needs of the economy, society, and the environment, paving the way for long-term sustainable development. This article is rooted in the backdrop of severe global conflicts between the environment and economy, as well as society. By synthesizing and analyzing a wide range of literature, this article explores the pivotal role of digitalization, green practices, and innovation in driving sustainable economic development. This article emphasizes the interconnectedness and collaborative nature of digital empowerment, green leadership, and innovation-driven approaches in promoting harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, as well as facilitating high-quality economic growth. Drawing insights from the "Taipao e-Agricultural Insurance" case study, this article demonstrates the benefits derived from the integration of digital, green, and innovation strategies, thereby providing valuable guidance for enterprises and industries seeking transformation and development. Furthermore, this article proposes viable strategies for achieving the integration of digital empowerment, green practices, and innovation-driven development. It offers a comprehensive analysis that expands the existing research on these topics and lays the foundation for future in-depth exploration. The findings of this article carry both theoretical and practical significance, offering valuable insights and practical approaches for achieving sustainable development in various sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to initiate academic discussion on the European Union (EU) social taxonomy for the purpose of promoting sustainable economic activities that ultimately contribute to achieving the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the EU. The paper examines the historical evolution of the social taxonomy concept and presents the chronological order of the regulatory advancements that have paved the way for the establishment of both the EU environmental and social taxonomies. This study emphasizes the role of the EU environmental taxonomy as the frontrunner and highlights three fundamental distinctions between taxonomies in terms of objectives, foundations, and measurability. By defining the key performance indicators applicable to entities engaged in taxonomy-aligned economic activities, the paper offers a tabulated framework to understand the core focus areas, sub-objectives, and types of substantial contributions related to each of the three social objectives outlined in the EU taxonomy. Moreover, this paper aims to emphasize the contemporary challenges and the prospective avenues for future research in the field of social taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article substantiates the necessity to mobilize internal investment resources by channeling bank capital into the restoration of green financing and the development of sustainable green projects in Ukraine. The characteristics of financial instruments that contribute to the development of the green economy and can be implemented in green banking models are disclosed. Based on the analysis of the historical retrospective of the formation and activity of international organizations in the field of green financing, the perspective directions of the regulation of green banking in Ukraine are outlined, in particular, an assessment of the monetary and financial policy of the central banks of the leading countries of the world with regard to its impact on green investment is carried out. Further, an assessment of the current state of implementation of green financing projects by leading banks of Ukraine is carried out, which made it possible to determine the level of their orientation to the regulation of ESG risks and to identify the prospects of mobilizing private capital to invest in the green national growth. Taking into account the characteristics of the indicators of social and environmental corporate responsibility of Ukrainian banking, recommendations have been developed on the activation of banks' participation in green banking projects. This article can help regulators related to the achievement of ESG projects by using the sharing economy and green energy financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to examine the potential moderating effects of the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the financial liquidity of enterprises. Given the significance of liquidity for companies and the profound impact of the macroeconomic environment, a research gap was identified in relation to the limited number of studies investigating the influence of macroeconomic factors on corporate liquidity. Additionally, the limited scope of companies surveyed in this area, in terms of sector, size, capital market presence, and the limited range of macroeconomic variables examined were notable. Most importantly, the absence of studies examining moderators of the relationship between macroeconomic factors and liquidity was a significant concern. To this end, two main research questions were formulated. First, what factors moderate the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the financial liquidity of companies? Second, what is the nature of the moderating effects on the relationship between macroeconomic variables and corporate financial liquidity? This research employed panel data analysis on an unbalanced panel comprising 5327 Polish enterprises spanning from 2003 to 2021. The primary analytical technique utilised was linear regression (pooled OLS) with robust standard errors clustered at the firm level. The main results of this study indicate that: (1) debt level, profitability, and the fixed assets to total assets ratio are significant moderators of some of the relationships between macroeconomic variables and corporate liquidity; (2) debt level moderates the relationship between the ratio of internal expenditures on research and development to GDP and financial liquidity, as well as the relationship between inflation rate and liquidity; the relationship is statistically significant and positive only for those enterprises with above-median debt levels; (3) profitability moderates the relationship between the employment coefficient and financial liquidity, as well as the relationship between the inflation rate and liquidity; in the high-profitability group, those relationships are positive, whereas in the low-profitability group, they are negative; (4) the ratio of fixed assets to total assets moderates the relationship between the money supply and corporate financial liquidity; for enterprises with low asset flexibility, there is a negative relationship between the money supply and financial liquidity; conversely, for enterprises with high asset flexibility, there is a positive relationship between the money supply and financial liquidity; (5) the rationale behind these findings can be derived from capital structure theory and financial analysis theory. The results of this study represent a step towards a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the macro environment and corporate liquidity, as well as the factors that moderate this relationship from both a microeconomic and a macroeconomic perspective. The findings of this study may also inform policy decisions governing the corporate sector due to a more nuanced understanding of the relationships between macroeconomic factors and corporate liquidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is in convergence with the newest and most trending movements of the last decades related to the reduction of pollution, created by the business sector on a global scale, as well as to the minimization of climate change. The contribution of this paper will be in terms of the operation of green finance in the framework of the sustainable economy, as well as to the results it produces. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the real possibilities of the institutional operations of what is proclaimed on the grounds of creating preconditions for green financing. For this purpose, the sample of the Western Balkans countries has been considered for examining the sustainability of green finances. The research first reviews the latest theoretical framework related to the applicability of green finances in transition economies. Through analysis, was gathered evidence of internal and external drivers that justify green financing as an efficient input of a sustainable economy. The influence of state institutions through establishing regulations and laws that stimulate private sector developments in the transition economy through green financing as the first impetus is reviewed. The issues related to climate challenges suggested by the Kyoto Protocol are summarized. Meanwhile, the last impetus is the considerable influence of the EU, stimulating alignment with European regulatory standards, as a prerequisite for membership. Meanwhile, the results suggest that although numerous projects and funding's were dedicated to the green finance development path, these countries are lagging mostly on the implementation of green finance infrastructure, thus we cannot look forward to more substantial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the role that digital intelligence has on renewable energy, based on literature underpinnings. Therefore, the methodological research is based on literature review to demonstrate the link between artificial intelligence and renewable energy, with a focus on global sustainable development strategies in this field. The main findings reveal the fact that we must take advantage of the opportunities offered by artificial intelligence on energy, in general, and renewable energy, in particular. Referring to literature, it is constantly expanding due to the importance of the development of renewable energy for researchers but also for the population, being many parties interested in this field. The aim of the study is to highlight the relationship between renewable energy and artificial intelligence. Therefore, with the help of artificial intelligence and energy innovations, the population enjoys renewable energy that exists in its many forms (solar panels or photovoltaic panels, water, or wind energy and so on). To put in a nutshell, the research considered in this article reflects the impact of artificial intelligence on renewable energy as part of supporting the achievement of sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable bioeconomy is one of the concepts that makes it possible to achieve the European Green Deal. A similar understanding of the term bioeconomy gives the opportunity to simultaneously take proportionate actions leading to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in EU countries. Parallel understanding of the concept of bioeconomy is crucial for achieving a common consensus on actions aimed at introducing optimal plans for the development of green technologies. Therefore, the goal of the paper was to compare knowledge and perception about the bioeconomy in different countries. Realization of the work's objective was possible thanks to the use of the C&RT classification tree method. It was shown that the level of knowledge of respondents working or studying at selected universities was similar, while their perception of the bioeconomy differed significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to investigate the theoretical background concerning the influence of green credit on sustainable economy in emerging countries such as Vietnam. Using the desk research methodology, the content focuses on researching the overview of the concept and the causes of the development of green finance in general, green credit in particular, the context of sustainable economic development in each country, each continent, and find out the significance of green credit in achieving sustainable goals in economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining is one of the technology processes which significantly affect the environment. Contemporary science is often focused on renewable resources, but non renewable resources and their mining are also present and deserve more intense research, due to its complex role in the economy. On the other point of view, non renewable resources as mining products are necessary to maintain and improve the life quality level. This conflict is not sustainable in long term perspective. From the aspect of sustainable development the primary task is to ensure the development right for future generations. It means that intensive level of interdisciplinary research is necessary to provide initial conditions (available reserve of ore) and utilization dynamic of mineral resources. This paper analyzes some aspects of correlation between sustainable development and mining. Mathematical model that describes the mentioned ideas is developed in this manuscript, including the conflict of economic goals, principles of environmental protection and sustainable development.

Objective: The article aims to examine how accountants assess the effects of deregulation in the accounting profession in Poland. Our study also included accountants' expectations regarding the regulation of the accounting profession in the future. Research Design & Methods: The article presents an analysis and assessment of deregulation's impact on the quality of accounting services, the prestige of the profession, and business security, which, in our opinion, are the indicators of the sustainable development of the accounting profession. The data source was the responses of 3307 respondents in a survey conducted by the Accountants Association in Poland. Findings: Accountants with higher, documented qualifications see more negative consequences of deregulation than accountants without such qualifications. However, a similar relationship was not observed when analysing the age, position, or size of the company with which the accountant was associated. Implications & Recommendations: The research results indicated disruptions in the functioning of the main pillars of sustainable development of the accounting profession and the need to introduce changes in the regulatory sphere of this profession, including the partial re-introduction of the professional certification. Contribution & Value Added: Our study contributes to enhancing the knowledge regarding the consequences of introducing deregulation in the accounting profession in Poland from the perspective of a sustainable economy. The results of our study are the starting point for the next research stage concerning the impact of international conditions in the accounting profession on economic development in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important instruments of the industrial and infrastructural policy of the state is the formation of a national system of innovation clusters. Sustainable development can be achieved by creating network structures based on a cluster approach, as such associations include enterprises, research institutions, research centres, government agencies, and financial and consulting structures. The article aims to determine the relationship between the level of cluster development and the level of sustainable growth to formulate recommendations for policies to increase the competitiveness of European economies. This study used a linear correlation between the State of cluster development and the SDG Index, taken from two reports: The Global Competitiveness Report 2019 and Sustainable Development Report 2019. The results of the study confirmed a significant relationship between factors and outcome. Thus, the research hypothesis was proved, which was that there is a high positive correlation between cluster development and sustainable national growth; EU countries with well-developed clusters are countries with high sustainable development and vice versa.

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the importance that must be given to the introduction in the financial statements of economic entities of non-financial information related to the sustainable development of the economy by means of a system for reporting the status of the implementation of environmental standards. Because lately the most serious problem facing humanity is the effects of climate change produced by environmental pollution, I believe that environmental standards must be implemented in every organization. A society that respects itself, also respects the environment and must contribute to removing the effects that affect it. The results of the study indicate that the companies that have implemented environmental standards are in a small percentage of less than 30%, which urgently requires the introduction of mandatory environmental standards into the national legislation and their reporting in the financial statements depending on the impact of the activity carried out of society on the environment.

This paper aims to assess Sustainable Economy (SE) features and validate them by using sustainability experts residing in Qatar to suggest an expanded and improved definition of SE. Fifteen features of SE have been identified via a comparative literature review and validated by sustainability experts in Qatar. The study significantly strengthens and validates the features of SE and provides analysis of some of these features by the authors. The paper suggests that SE should be defined as "a value-based, dynamic, and balanced economic system that meets the needs of all living species today while remaining within ecological and social boundaries, without compromising the system's capacity to meet all future needs of all living species". This is the only paper that uses Qatari experts to research SE features. The limitation of the research is the inclusion of a small sample size of experts within Qatar due to the limited number of experts in the field of sustainability and their willingness to participate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining is one of the technology processes which significantly affect the environment. Contemporary science is often focused on renewable resources, but non renewable resources and their mining are also present and deserve more intense research, due to its complex role in the economy. On the other point of view, non renewable resources as mining products are necessary to maintain and improve the life quality level. This conflict is not sustainable in long term perspective. From the aspect of sustainable development the primary task is to ensure the development right for future generations. It means that intensive level of interdisciplinary research is necessary to provide initial conditions (available reserve of ore) and utilization dynamic of mineral resources. This paper analyzes some aspects of correlation between sustainable development and mining. Mathematical model that describes the mentioned ideas is developed in this manuscript, including the conflict of economic goals, principles of environmental protection and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's global economy and across various types of organizations, human capital is a fundamental resource that determines their existence and development. This is particularly important in the context of ongoing climate-technological transformation processes based on innovative solutions. The role and importance of personal resources are well understood in the EU-27 countries, which base their future on competent human capital. This paper addresses this critical and timely topic by assessing human capital in the EU-27 countries over the period 2013–2022. The research aims to evaluate these countries' human capital potential, distinguishing between the "new EU-13" and the "old EU-14" countries, and to measure the effectiveness of its development during the study period. A crucial part of the research was to determine the impact of human capital on selected indicators of economic growth, innovation, and sustainable development. To achieve these objectives, an original research methodology was developed, employing the COPRAS method to determine the human capital assessment index and the equal weights and CRITIC methods to establish the weights of indicators characterizing the studied human capital. The impact assessment of this capital, along with innovation and unemployment on economic growth, was conducted using an econometric model. Meanwhile, correlations between the human capital assessment index and the indicators characterizing innovation, economic growth, and sustainability were analyzed using Spearman's non-parametric tests. The results show significant variation in human capital between the EU-27 countries and between the "old EU-14" and "new EU-13" groups. The Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden achieved the best results in terms of human capital development, while Greece, Romania, and Bulgaria had the weakest outcomes. In contrast, Cyprus, Malta, and Portugal recorded the greatest progress during the review period. These results offer extensive opportunities for multidimensional inference and can be used to assess the current state of the EU-27 economy. They should also inform the development of strategies for individual countries and the EU-27 as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important instruments of the industrial and infrastructural policy of the state is the formation of a national system of innovation clusters. Sustainable development can be achieved by creating network structures based on a cluster approach, as such associations include enterprises, research institutions, research centres, government agencies, and financial and consulting structures. The article aims to determine the relationship between the level of cluster development and the level of sustainable growth to formulate recommendations for policies to increase the competitiveness of European economies. This study used a linear correlation between the State of cluster development and the SDG Index, taken from two reports: The Global Competitiveness Report 2019 and Sustainable Development Report 2019. The results of the study confirmed a significant relationship between factors and outcome. Thus, the research hypothesis was proved, which was that there is a high positive correlation between cluster development and sustainable national growth; EU countries with well-developed clusters are countries with high sustainable development and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of government assistance, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, conceptual development support, and educational development support on green entrepreneurial aspirations through university curriculum during the COVID-19 epidemic is explored in this research. It is the first of its kind in Egypt and is based on a sample population of 502 undergraduate students from various faculties at five Egyptian universities (two public, two private, and one institution with international cooperation). It employs structural equation modelling via SmartPLS. This study can assist other Egyptian universities in creating strategic plans for environmental initiatives and ensuring that students are given the necessary skills to succeed. The study aims to evaluate the impact of conceptual development support offered by universities in terms of fostering interest and presenting novel ideas to students to start a new project, government support provided in terms of laws and programs to encourage entrepreneurship, development of university curriculum to promote entrepreneurial self-efficacy through regular courses, postgraduate practices, and networking with entrepreneurs. Academics, especially those in universities in Egypt or other Arab or African nations, as well as policymakers, can gain from this research's potential to build new standards to support green entrepreneurship and sustainable economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development represents one of the key items on the agenda of governments across the globe. In parallel, numerous important acts on sustainable development have been adopted on both international and national levels, proclaiming ambitious targets on building fossil-fuel-free economies, greenhouse gas emission reductions, and environmental protection. However, some countries, particularly the Scandinavian region, significantly lead when it comes to the fulfilment of sustainable development targets, hence being a useful example for other countries to follow. On the other side, Serbia, a developing Southeast European country aiming to become an EU member state, is still at the early phase of transition towards a greener economy. Therefore, in this study, a comparative analysis between Serbia and Denmark has been conducted in the fields of clean energy production, sustainable manufacturing, and investments in green technology, to derive some useful lessons that can be applied to Serbia. Results suggest that, opposite to Serbia, broader inclusion of different stakeholder groups was implemented in Denmark, thereby ensuring decentralisation and democratisation of the whole process. Exactly in these areas could be found points for further improvements in Serbia, related to the wider political debate and stakeholders' inclusion, regulatory changes, decentralisation of energy sector, and broader involvement of financial institutions.

Economic diversification is vital in achieving sustainable economic development. This diversification is chiefly important for countries relying on natural resources for their economy, such as Qatar. Private enterprises, mainly through small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs), have been recognized as crucial and effective means for healthy economic diversification, stimulating economic development, and ensuring equal sharing and distribution of wealth. Recognizing the vulnerabilities within the current economic model has motivated Qatar to relentlessly diversify away from its heavy reliance on natural gas exports. Such diversified and sustainable development cannot be achieved without the contribution of women, who make up a significant percentage of the educated and talented population in this country. However, despite the conspicuous support the state has been providing them with in an aim to promote for their active economic participation as part of Qatar National Vision 2030, women's full potential to contribute both socially and economically is either hindered or not fully acknowledged due to several socio-economic factors. There is a dearth of studies reporting on the perceived status, challenges, and access to needed resources by women entrepreneurs in Qatar. To address such scarcity, this study builds, in a first step, on a systematic literature review (SLR) to unlock themes related to women and entrepreneurship by analyzing 23 peer-reviewed articles concentrating on the cases of Qatar and the MENA region. Subsequently, a qualitative approach is followed to investigate and examine current successes and obstacles by interviewing 25 actual and aspiring women entrepreneurs in Qatar as well as 5 incubators and government representatives. In a final stage, and based on a design thinking approach and applying the gender-aware framework (known as the 5Ms framework), the paper proposes a preliminary conceptual framework to address the pertaining barriers and pave the way for more progressive policies to cater to the needs of women entrepreneurs and to further promote for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: does the pandemic affect the ability to achieve the sustainable development goals? Design/methodology/approach: The article analyzes selected, available literature on sustainable development, from the genesis of the phenomenon to the current situation. It invoked, among other things, the idea of the European Green Deal. The most current issues related to the pandemic reality were addressed. The themes and changes highlighted are based on data from available reports and statistical analyses. Findings: By the time the pandemic broke out, the sustainability goals had been achieved gradually. But the pandemic has forced policymakers to think long-term. The conditions for transition to the green economy, i.e. the green transition, have also become crucial. In many countries, including Poland, the need for better achievement of social goals in addition to economic or environmental ones has become apparent. Further work is needed to achieve the sustainable development goals. Research limitations/implications: The text refers to a limited number of studies. The problems presented in the paper still need to be empirically confirmed in relation to a greater number of examples, which should result in the publication of subsequent studies. It will also be necessary to fully diagnose the post-pandemic situation and retrace the threads taken up. Originality/value: The article points to already visible changes, being the result of the continuing pandemic, from the perspective of sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, the term bioeconomy has emerged in both policy and academic discourse. Implying a technology-driven approach to wealth generation from organic materials, the term has taken hold with so far limited critical engagement. It is a contestable rather than contested term. Noting the rise of numerous other 'economies' (blue, green, circular) on a similar timeframe, this paper undertakes a critical discourse analysis of academic literature and UK/EU policy documents using the term 'bioeconomy' to produce a contextualised understanding of how it is used in both theoretical and practical contexts. Our analysis shows that bioeconomy, as with the other 'sustainability' economies, which we term the 'S-economies', prioritises the economy and the markets as the solution brokers for the environmental and economic problems they seek to address. The apparent fragmentation of the theory and policy concerning the environmental sustainability of economic activity is expressed through the variability of terms that aspire to establish multiple economies functioning at the same time. Limited empirical analysis of the existing 'bioeconomy' is symptomatic of the dissociation between theory and practice, emphasizing technological approaches favouring capital intensive approaches over local solutions. The S-economies, including the bioeconomy, are an attempt to bypass economic structural realities that otherwise would need to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the pedestrian streets in Hanoi have been invested and expanded by the city government, not only a place to organize commercial services, shopping, tourism, food, entertainment, recreation but also an important factor contributing to improving living conditions and promoting local economic development. Through the method of surveying, map, and experts, it shows remarkable achievements of the pedestrian streets in Hanoi. The huge economic benefits and the potential to increase the outstanding real estate value that the pedestrian streets bring many small and medium enterprises, especially family businesses to find a suitable way to develop business models. The pedestrian streets’ success is proven by the rise of real estate in the area. The pedestrian streets have really become a level to help increase the value of real estate in Hanoi. This article will clarify the value of real estate when forming pedestrian streets in Hanoi, especially in the historic inner city. From there, make recommendations on the organization of architectural space and landscape of the pedestrian streets to enhance the value of real estate in the future.

The concept of logistics is a supply chain system to facilitate the movement of goods and resources (raw materials), delivery scheduling, storage, and marketing to consumer endpoints that support economic growth. The increase in logistics transportation also has a negative impact, especially environmental problems, the effectiveness of logistics transportation, and the quality of materials and goods which will eventually involve economic problems. This article aims to compare the implementation of modern logistics transportation systems in the European Union and Indonesia with the application of green logistics. This study uses a comparative study method with a qualitative descriptive approach to modern logistics transportation that applies the concept of green logistics. The problem of European Union logistics transportation is only in the human resources sector and congestion in a certain period. The solution is to add regulations related to alternative or manipulated road systems to reduce congestion. On the other hand, the problems that exist in Indonesia are related to the low facilities, regulations, and investment for logistics transportation. As a solution, several regulations and programs have been implemented as a green logistics concept such as anti-ODOL regulations, and the sea toll program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is one of the most disruptive innovations in the field of technology in 21st century. Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology (DLT) and smart contracts, has emerged as a ground-breaking application in the financial sector. The three key properties of Blockchain technology, Decentralization, Transparency and Immutability have created a huge impact on the banking and finance industries. As technology is the main driving force in Blockchain and its various applications, it will also act as an enabler to sustainable finance which will ultimately lead towards achieving sustainable economy and also sustainable development. This study is an attempt to understand the far-reaching potential of Blockchain technology and its applications such as Bitcoin in the banking and financial services sector. This study has also highlighted the benefits and disadvantages of using Blockchain technology on the banking and finance industries. This study is entirely a theoretical overview based on the available research in the area of Blockchain technology and its application in financial sector. This study will help to understand the future of financial sector in the advent of incorporation of Blockchain technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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For over two decades, the concept of sustainable development has been salient in political discourse. But its promise of reconciling economic development, social welfare, and environmental sustainability has proven rather elusive. In recent years, we've seen numerous competing concepts emerge in debates about sustainable economic development. While many advance ideas of a green economy and green growth, others talk about wellbeing, gross national happiness, inclusive wealth, harmony with nature, de-growth, steady-state economy, and buenvivir (living well). This rhetorical diversity shows that there is no single vision for reconciling environmental sustainability and economic development. But the varied terminology itself obscures actual points of agreement and disagreement. This article reports on a bilingual 'Q study' of international debates about sustainable economic development. It reveals that three discourses underpin these debates: Radical Transformationism; Cooperative Reformism; and Statist Progressivism. The article dissects these discourses and contextualizes their key points of contention in wider sustainability debates over the past two decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies and researches on the deterioration of the ecosystems and the environmental services provided by the natural ecosystems have been undertaken and are under way even to this day on very many levels, some even in areas or domains having no connection with ecology or with the environment. The profound ecology demonstrates unequivocally that the natural and semi-natural ecological ecosystems produce resources and services, through the concentration of the solar radiant energy and trough the maximization of the density of the energy flow. The primordial task the research have is the creation of a vision as widely accepted as possible on a sustainable society in the long run.

In the conditions of sustainable development for Romania it is imperative to advance from a formulated economy on market forces that ignores the environmental values and exigencies to a sustainable economy based on knowledge, system that confers huge opportunities for investment. Against on background, it becomes imperative for our country to pay an increased attention of investments in the reconstruction of ecosystems. This is a fundamental obligation assumed and confirmed in the national strategy for sustainable development. In these circumstances the national economy takes a great step forward for the successful integration in the contemporary paradigm of sustainable development. In this framework the old industries must be restructured on their capacity of production founded on the natural capital and also the new industries will be created taking into account essentially the capacity of innovation and the intellectual capital, renewable resources until now neglected. These substantial changes in the structure of Romania economy requires new professions and modern patterns of production and consumption and highly qualified human resources. In the same vein preparation of human resources, we consider that preparation of human resources is the major premise in achieving of sustainable development. Thus, human resource generates knowledge and information which are endless resources for economic development, which amplify, multiply and diversify through reutilization. Therefore investments in human resources should concentrate essentially following directions of action: development of competitive sector of scientific research ecological valence, the training of specialists in holistic system for the construction of sustainable economy and the preparation of decision makers for managing of sustainable economy. Generally these dimensions of the national economy reconstruction in accordance with imperatives of sustainable development will inevitably lead to significant changes in all spheres of economic and social domains. Practically, in order to build a sustainable economy in Romania as it happens in developed countries of EU, the protection of domestic natural capital must become a state policy. Whereas until present has been made significant progress in this direction, we consider that there are still a number of impediments to sustainable development in Romania. Among the main reasons that hinder the Romanian transition to sustainable economy we can mention that on the one hand the lack of a constant concern on the improvement of economic infrastructure, industry recalibration on the supporting capacity of domestic natural capital. On the other hand, the current process of economic development of our country target immediate profit and short-term solutions. In the contemporary context of sustainable development it is important for Romania to create a strong research sector of scientific and tehnological innovation. In this perspective we appreciate that is necessary the preparation of human resources, as specialists in research, corporative management, innovation, projection, education. The process of sustainable reconstruction of Romanian economic infrastructure is a long-term and adaptative process of structural and functional transformation process according to harmonization with the production capacity and the support of natural capital. Also, on the trajectory of sustainable development, the efficiency receives a new concsitency: eco-efficiency can be calculated through flows of materials and energy, which is made between natural capital and economic infrastructure namely: ecological efficiency, environmental efficiency and economic efficiency.

The article presents the EU strategy on energy and climate change, namely the main objectives established for EU countries to this respect. The energetic potential of biomass in Romania is presented, serving as premise for sustainable development and ensuring energetic security. The article presents the results of the latest report on the progress registered by Romania in fulfilling the EU 2020 objectives on renewable energy. In addition, the Romanian legal framework for the promotion of renewable energy obtained from biomass is presented, with a focus on promoting the cultivation of energetic non-agricultural plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of renewable energy sources is justified by keeping a clean environment, by assurance of energy security, by job creation, all these contributing to sustainable economic growth. The paper presents the development level of renewable energy sector in Romania and the benefits of its extension, starting from the potential of Romania in this field. From natural point of view, Romania has a high potential for development of renewable energy, in the hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass fields. The research results show that even if there are certain limitations in expansion of this field, the natural potential and the advantages obtained by development of renewable energy sources require continued investments and public–private efforts to support it. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In an era characterised by a persistent economic-social crisis that is definable as "systemic" rather than "cyclical," and which increasingly puts into question the traditional economic models, the need emerges to develop new models that respond better to current demands by promoting a development that is both fair and sustainable. All this has generated the birth of other currents of thought that contrast the traditional homo oeconomicus with the new figure of homo reciprocans whose action is dictated by the pursuit of the common good and who operates, therefore, according to the principle of reciprocity. The economy of the common good is an expression of a new sustainable economic model that places at the centre of economic activity the human being and all living beings, and the functioning of the relations between them. The work, after a close examination of the theme of the economy of the common good and solidarity, examined an enterprise that has been operating in Sicily for several years according to the principles of solidarity economics. The use of the Common Good Balance Sheet has enabled some first evaluations to be made in relation to the validity of such enterprises in the economic and social landscape of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]