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Logistics systems constitute the backbone of international trade. For developing countries, establishment of sustainable logistics systems reduces costs, and makes supply chains strong to become able to compete. Without setting indicators for sustainable logistics, it is not possible to understand what policies are necessary for success. Logistics systems situations become worse in especial industries such as Fast-Moving Consuming Goods (FMCG) industry that are facing observable challenges such as old-fashioned goods or product corruption. The objective of this paper is to determine a set of indicators, which can be helpful in enhancement of sustainable logistics systems in developing countries. An initial set of indicators is determined through literature review and justified by asking experts’ opinions who have experience of management in logistics systems in developing countries such as Iran and Afghanistan, especially in logistics management in FMCG industry. The indicators are prioritized using Best–Worst Method (BWM), which is a newly introduced decision-making model. Results of prioritization of finalized dimensions and indicators by use of BWM show that “Governance” has the highest importance among dimensions and “management commitment to sustainability” is the most important indicator among all indicators. The results are applicably acceptable as we can see in business circumstances that only when managers believe in perusing sustainability principles as an important factor under each type of economic circumstance, an efficient vision will be set. Risk management has gained the least weight in this study. Based on experts’ opinions, if policies and procedures are set and performed correctly, risks will be less probable by themselves. The results help mangers in assignment of limited budgets to improvement projects related to each indicator.

Logistics systems constitute the backbone of international trade. For developing countries, establishment of sustainable logistics systems reduces costs, and makes supply chains strong to become able to compete. Without setting indicators for sustainable logistics, it is not possible to understand what policies are necessary for success. Logistics systems situations become worse in especial industries such as Fast-Moving Consuming Goods (FMCG) industry that are facing observable challenges such as old-fashioned goods or product corruption. The objective of this paper is to determine a set of indicators, which can be helpful in enhancement of sustainable logistics systems in developing countries. An initial set of indicators is determined through literature review and justified by asking experts' opinions who have experience of management in logistics systems in developing countries such as Iran and Afghanistan, especially in logistics management in FMCG industry. The indicators are prioritized using Best-Worst Method (BWM), which is a newly introduced decision-making model. Results of prioritization of finalized dimensions and indicators by use of BWM show that "Governance" has the highest importance among dimensions and "management commitment to sustainability" is the most important indicator among all indicators. The results are applicably acceptable as we can see in business circumstances that only when managers believe in perusing sustainability principles as an important factor under each type of economic circumstance, an efficient vision will be set. Risk management has gained the least weight in this study. Based on experts' opinions, if policies and procedures are set and performed correctly, risks will be less probable by themselves. The results help mangers in assignment of limited budgets to improvement projects related to each indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Development of a methodology for substantiating a green approach in the formation of a sustainable system of ecological logistics. Methodology. In the research process the following general scientifi c and applied research methods were used: correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between СО2 emissions and consumption of major energy sources; regression analysis – to determine the main trends in СО2 emissions for the main regions of the world; the methodology for calculating emissions from fuel combustion by road transport – for assessing СО2 emissions by various modes of transport; the improved methodology for assessing gas emissions and calculating the CO2 emission factor – when forming a ring route during the transportation of goods. Findings. The work studies global trends in the dynamics of changes in carbon emissions by areas of activity. Trend forecasting models have been developed for changes in the dynamics of carbon emissions for the main industrial regions of the world. Using the correlation-regression analysis of the relationship between the increase in the dynamics of СО2 emissions and the consumption of energy resources of the world in the context of the world’s major industrial regions, signifi cant relationships were found between carbon emissions and the consumption of major energy sources. The work provides a methodological approach to determining the level of carbon emissions from vehicles and accounting for the carbon emission factor in the formation of logistics routes and tariff s for road transport in the context of the formation of sustainable systems of ecological logistics. As part of the methodological approach implementation, СО2 emissions for road transport were estimated and calculations were performed for diff erent types of cars. It was proposed to include the carbon emission factor in the calculation of the tariff for road transport, which will make it possible to form target funds at enterprises as part of the creation of a sustainable system of environmental logistics. Originality. The methodological approach has been substantiated to determining indicators of the sustainability of ecological logistics systems in the context of developing a methodology for calculating СО2 emissions, which makes it possible to solve the problem of forming transport routes taking into account environmental requirements in the fi eld of reducing СО2 emissions by various modes of transport. Practical value. The proposed methodological approach to calculating emissions from fuel combustion by road, including the assessment of CO2 emissions and the calculation of the carbon emission factor when forming a ring route during the transportation of goods is recommended for use by scientists, specialists and practitioners in the fi eld of green logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this article is to present an overview of the applications of sustainable practices in logistic operations performed by Brazilian companies. To reach this objective, the following steps were carried out: (1) a review of the literature on logistics systems and sustainability in logistics activities; (2) the collection of sustainability reports published by companies that perform logistics operations, which are recognized in Brazil; (3) a content analysis of the reports collected and (4) a discussion of the results, cross-checked with the literature and the extrapolation of conclusions. It was possible to identify 22 sustainable practices, and these practices were grouped into five macro areas. The authors of this paper believe that the findings presented here can be useful for professionals and researchers in the implementation of sustainability practices in logistics systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]