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The aim of this article to discuss about modern vascular prostheses which used in reconstructive surgery. The treatment of patients with peripheral arterial disease is one of the most relevant sections of vascular surgery. Up to 65% of all cases, affected femoropopliteal segment. Surgical revascularization plays a center role in the treatment of peripheral artery disease. This article provides a classification of vascular grafts, analyzed their shortcomings and advantages, describes the prospects for their development. Unfortunately, despite the technical advances, has not yet developed an ideal vascular prosthesis. Thus there is a need of search for new materials and modifications of available materials, with the goal of creating a prosthesis for properties close to ideal.

An analysis of results of experimental research was made in 60 patients with critical ischemia of lower extremities due to bilaterally atherosclerotic lesions of aorto-iliac segment, which had a high operationally anaesthetic risk. Synthetic polytetrafluoethylene prosthesis or biological shunt from internal pectoral bull arteries were used as a shunt. Revasculization was performed through the system of arteria profunda femoris considering multilevel lesions of lower limb arteries. An application of biological prosthesis allowed decreasing the rate of early postoperative complications on 13,3% , late thromboses - on 30%, extending the medium term of shunt functioning in 1,8%, improving physical component of health on 12,8% and mental - on 9,1% during the immediate postoperative period. The experiments on rabbits were carried out. It was shown, that biological prosthesis had the greatest biological compatibility.