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Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often denied for individuals with coronary artery disease who are prone to develop contrast-induced acute kidney injury. We report a 73-year-old, stage 3 chronic kidney disease patient (CKD), who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and saphenous vein graft (SVG) stenting in the past, presented with in-stent restenosis (ISR) of SVG stent. Zero contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT) guided–PCI was successfully performed using low molecular weight dextran-40 (LMWD-40) as the flush medium. Our report suggests the safety and feasibility of LMWD-40–based OCT-guided zero contrast PCI in ISR of SVG in a CKD patient, although further prospective studies are needed to evaluate this technique. Keywords: Zero contrast, Optical coherence tomography, Dextran-40, Chronic kidney disease, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Contrast induced-Acute kidney injury

Macrophages transformed foam cell formation occurs as a result of leukocyte accumulation mediated through intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), and E-selectin, secreted by inflamed or damaged endothelium. The key molecule is the ICAM-1, member of the adhesion immunoglobulin super family that maps to chromosome 19 p13.2-p13.3 codes for 505 amino acids have five extracellular domains including circulatory leukocytes binding site (primarily monocytes) for recruiting it at the sites of inflammation and the tight adhesion with vascular endothelium for the above mentioned pathogenesis as an initial step. Hence the objective of the current paper is to review the Genome Wide Association (GWA) studies and summarizes its understanding of functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP's) of ICAM-1 clinical association to provide better guidance for the clinicians and researchers of the merits, demerits of the current results and direct them to do research on larger number of population for better prospective.