Author: "PETER THOMSON" / Topic: surgery - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

73 results on '"PETER THOMSON"'

1. Characterization and clinicopathological significance of circulating tumour cells in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Author: Justin Curtin, Siu-Wai Choi, Alfred King-Yin Lam, and Peter Thomson
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Malignancy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Circulating tumor cell, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Liquid biopsy, Lymph node, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, business.industry, Melanoma, Head and neck cancer, Cancer, 030206 dentistry, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating, Prognosis, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Biomarker (medicine), Mouth Neoplasms, Surgery, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Oral Surgery, business
Abstract: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are cancer cells released by cancer into the peripheral circulation. Haematogenous tumour spread is a hallmark of metastatic malignancy and a key factor in cancer recurrence and prognosis. CTCs have diagnostic and prognostic significance for a number of adenocarcinomas and melanoma. A review of the published peer-reviewed literature was performed to determine the clinical relevance of CTCs as a biomarker in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. With regard to patients with OSCC, this review found the following: (1) CTCs have been detected using multiple techniques; (2) the presence of CTCs does not appear to be related to tumour differentiation or size; (3) CTCs may be detected without lymph node involvement; (4) the detection of CTCs may be prognostic for both disease-free survival and overall survival; (5) quantification of CTCs may reflect the efficacy of therapy; (6) CTCs may be of value for ongoing patient monitoring. Preliminary evidence suggests that CTCs have diagnostic and prognostic potential as a biomarker for oral cancer management and warrant further investigation to determine their appropriate place in the management of OSCC patients.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Deep Learning for Clinical Image Analyses in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review

Author: Chui Shan Chu, Peter Thomson, Nikki P. Lee, Joshua W. K. Ho, and Siu-Wai Choi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Radiography, Lymph node metastasis, Metastasis, Deep Learning, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Basal cell, Neoplasm Metastasis, Pathological, Neoplasm Staging, business.industry, Deep learning, Cancer, medicine.disease, Prognosis, stomatognathic diseases, Otorhinolaryngology, Lymphatic Metastasis, Cancer cell, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Surgery, Mouth Neoplasms, Radiology, Artificial intelligence, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business
Abstract: Importance: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a lethal malignant neoplasm with a high rate of tumor metastasis and recurrence. Accurate diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and metastasis detection can improve patient outcomes. Deep learning for clinical image analysis can be used for diagnosis and prognosis in cancers, including oral SCC; its use in these areas can improve patient care and outcome. Observations: This review is a summary of the use of deep learning models for diagnosis, prognosis, and metastasis detection for oral SCC by analyzing information from pathological and radiographic images. Specifically, deep learning has been used to classify different cell types, to differentiate cancer cells from nonmalignant cells, and to identify oral SCC from other cancer types. It can also be used to predict survival, to differentiate between tumor grades, and to detect lymph node metastasis. In general, the performance of these deep learning models has an accuracy ranging from 77.89% to 97.51% and 76% to 94.2% with the use of pathological and radiographic images, respectively. The review also discusses the importance of using good-quality clinical images in sufficient quantity on model performance. Conclusions: and Relevance Applying pathological and radiographic images in deep learning models for diagnosis and prognosis of oral SCC has been explored, and most studies report results showing good classification accuracy. The successful use of deep learning in these areas has a high clinical translatability in the improvement of patient care.
Published: 2021

3. A national co-design workshop of a mobile-based application for vascular access as a patient decision aid

Author: David Kingsmore, Ramsay Meiklem, Karen Stevenson, Peter Thomson, Matt Bouamrane, and Mark Dunlop
Subjects: Nephrology, Surgery
Abstract: Background: Increasing options for vascular access have increased the need for more effective communication to optimize patient engagement and ensure effective consent. An advanced prototype of the mobile application (VA App) was developed over 3 years as a patient decision aid. For the first time, entry to the 2021 UK Kidney Week was opened to all professions and patients and was held online. The VA App was presented in an inter-active session. This report summarizes the findings. Methods: A 30-min interactive session was allocated with the session delivered in four sections: (1) demographic data was collected; (2) an overall opinion was obtained about current patient information sources and satisfaction with these; (3) the participants were asked a series of eight questions regarding the main problem areas previously identified; (4) following a 6-min demonstration video, the participants were then re-asked the same questions to determine if the VA App would improve/worsen these areas. Results: Completed data from 30 participants showed great variation in all demographics. The most cited source was verbal and rated the best, whilst all other sources were felt to be poor by 90%. All eight aspects of current information sources rated poorly. There was a unanimous agreement that the VA App could make this better. Interestingly, when the eight aspects were ranked by order of the worst to best, this matched the order of the benefits of the VA App. Discussion: This is the first report of an on-line, multi-professional co-design workshop. With a unanimous view that current systems are very limited and that better patient information systems are required, the VA App was found to be a potential solution as a patient decision aid. Interestingly, paper leaflets were widely viewed as the least used and the least effective mechanism for communicating information to patients. Funding for a commercially produced mobile application has been secured and will be further tested in the near future.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. The 'Peter Principle' revisited-Reflections on science, surgery and research

Author: Peter Thomson
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Translational research, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Translational Research, Biomedical, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Relevance (law), Humans, Potential impact, Peter Principle, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, Surgery, Patient management, Treatment intervention, Otorhinolaryngology, Knowledge base, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Periodontics, Mouth Neoplasms, Cancer development, Oral Surgery, Psychology, business
Abstract: Revisiting the eponymous “Peter Principle,” in this article the author reflects upon a professional lifetime as a clinician, surgeon and researcher, and summarises his efforts to improve contemporary understanding of oral cancer development, refine diagnostic procedure and facilitate efficacious, early treatment intervention to halt the process of carcinogenesis. The author reviews the principles underpinning effective translational research. Utilising his own work in oral epithelial cell science, interventional surgery and potentially malignant disorder patient management and surveillance, a number of significant advances in our knowledge base and their specific clinical application and potential impact are discussed. Research remains an active and ongoing process, however, and the author believes it essential for future relevance that hypotheses should always be initiated, led and mentored by experienced clinical practitioners.
Published: 2020

5. Interventional laser surgery for oral potentially malignant disorders: a longitudinal patient cohort study

Author: James E. Turner, Michaela Goodson, Peter Thomson, and K. Cocks
Subjects: Adult, Male, Laser surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Disease, Malignancy, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Cancer, 030206 dentistry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, stomatognathic diseases, Treatment Outcome, Otorhinolaryngology, Dysplasia, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Lasers, Gas, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Laser Therapy, Oral Surgery, business, Progressive disease, Cohort study
Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a lethal disease, with rising incidence. There were 6767 new OSCC cases and 2056 deaths in the UK in 2011. Cancers are preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), recognizable mucosal diseases harbouring increased SCC risk, offering clinicians a 'therapeutic window' to intervene. Contemporary practice remains unable to predict lesion behaviour or quantify malignant transformation risk. No clear management guidelines exist and it is unclear from the literature whether early diagnosis and intervention prevents cancer. Between 1996 and 2014, 773 laser treatments were performed on 590 PMD patients in Newcastle maxillofacial surgery departments. The efficacy of the intervention was examined by review of the clinicopathological details and clinical outcomes of the patients (mean follow-up 7.3 years). Histopathology required up-grading in 36.1% on examining excision specimens. Seventy-five percent of patients were disease-free, mostly younger patients with low-grade dysplasia; 9% exhibited persistent disease and were generally older with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Disease-free status was less likely for erythroleukoplakia (P=0.022), 'high-grade' dysplasia (P
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Author: Bhangu, A, Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection GlobalSurg Collaborative Appendix S1 Collaborators Authors (all the following are PubMed citable): Writing group: James, C Glasbey (UK), Adewale, O Adisa (Nigeria), Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri (Rwanda), Ahmad, U Qureshi (Pakistan), Jean, C Allen-Ingabire (Rwanda), Hosni Khairy Salem (Egypt), Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo (Ghana), Stephen Tabiri (Ghana), Dmitri Nepogodiev (UK), Richard, J Lilford (UK), Ewen, M Harrison (UK), Thomas, D Pinkney (UK), Neil Smart (UK), Aneel Bhangu (UK, denotes joint first author Patient representatives: Azmina Verjee (UK), study guarantor)., Emmy Runigamugabo (Rwanda) Statistical analysis: James Glasbey, Aneel Bhangu Protocol development and project steering: Adesoji, O Ademuyiwa, Adewale, O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Afnan, Altamini, Philip, Alexander, Sara, W Al-Saqqa, Giuliano, Borda-Luque, Jen, Cornick, Ainhoa, Costas-Chavarri, Thomas, M Drake, Stuart, J Fergusson, J Edward Fitzgerald, James, Glasbey, Allen Ingabire, J. C., Lawani, Ismaïl, Zahra, Jaffry, Hosni Khairy Salem, Chetan, Khatri, Andrew, Kirby, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard, Lilford, Andre, L Mihaljevic, Midhun, Mohan, Dion, Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri, Nepogodiev, Faustin, Ntirenganya, Riinu, Ots, Francesco, Pata, Thomas, Pinkney, Tomas, Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah, Rayne, Gustavo, Recinos, Kjetil, Søreide, Catherine, A Shaw, Sebastian, Shu, Richard, Spence, Neil, Smart, Stephen, Tabiri, Ewen, M Harrison, Aneel Bhangu National leads (GlobalSurg-1) Lead coordinator, Australia, Neel Gobin, Brazil, Ana Vega Freitas, Canada, Nigel Hall, China, &amp, Hong Kong, Sung-Hee Kim, Egypt, Ahmed, Negida, Hosni, Khairy, England, Stephen, J Chapman, France, Alexis P Arnaud, Ghana, Stephen Tabiri, Guatemala, Gustavo Recinos, India, Cutting Edge Manipal, Indonesia, Radhian Amandito, Iraq, Marwan Shawki, Ireland, Michael Hanrahan, Italy, Francesco Pata, Lithuania, Justas Zilinskas, Malaysia, April Camilla Roslani, Cheng Chun Goh, Nigeria, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Northern Ireland, Gareth Irwin, Peru, Laura, Luque, Saudi, Arabia, Hunain, Shiwani, Afnan, Altamimi, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Scotland, Stuart J Fergusson, South, Africa, Sri Lanka, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Sweden, Yucel Cengiz, Switzerland, Dmitri A Raptis, Wales, James, C Glasbey National leads (GlobalSurg-2) Argentina, Maria Marta Modolo, Australia, Dushyant, Iyer, Sebastian, King, Tom, Arthur, Bangladesh, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Barbados, Ade Waterman, Benin, Lawani Ismaïl, Botswana, Michael Walsh, Canada, Arnav, Agarwal, Augusto, Zani, Mohammed, Firdouse, Tyler, Rouse, China, Qinyang Liu, Colombia, Juan Camilo Correa, Egypt, Hosni Khairy Salem, Estonia, Peep Talving, Ethiopia, Mengistu Worku, France, Alexis Arnaud, Greece, Vassilis Kalles, Guatemala, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Kumar, Ireland, Roy Quek, Italy, Luca, Ansaloni, Jordan, Ahmed Altibi, Lithuania, Donatas, Venskutonis, Justas, Zilinskas, Tomas, Poskus, Madagascar, John Whitaker, Malawi, Vanessa Msosa, Malaysia, Yong Yong Tew, Malta, Alexia, Farrugia, Elaine, Borg, Mexico, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Morocco, Zineb Bentounsi, Norway, Kjetil Søreide, Pakistan, Tanzeela Gala, Palestinian, Territory, Ibrahim, Al-Slaibi, Haya, Tahboub, Alser, Osaid H., Diego, Romani, Sebestian, Shu, Poland, Piotr Major, Romania, Aurel, Mironescu, Matei, Bratu, Amar, Kourdouli, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz, Altwijri, Ahmad, Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sierra Leone, Sam Seisay, Singapore, Bettina Lieske, Spain, Irene Ortega, Sri, Lanka, Jenifa, Jeyakumar, Senanayake, Kithsiri J., Sudan, Omar Abdulbagi, Switzerland, Dmitri Raptis, Turkey, Yuksel Altinel, United, Kingdom, Chia, Kong, Ella, Teasdale, Gareth, Irwin, Michael, Stoddart, Rakan, Kabariti, Sukrit, Suresh, United, States, Katherine, Gash, Ragavan, Narayanan, Zambia, Mayaba Maimbo Local collaborators (GlobalSurg-1) Argentina: Claudio Fermani, Ruben, Balmaceda, Australia: Ewan Macdermid, Maria Marta Modolo (Hospital Luis Lagomaggiore)., Neel, Gobin, Roxanne, Chenn, Cheryl Ou Yong, Michael Edye (Blacktown Hospital), Martin, Jarmin, Scott, K D'amours, Dushyant Iyer (Liverpool Hospital, The University Of New South Wales), Daniel, Youssef, Nicholas, Phillips, Jason Brown (Royal Brisbane &amp, Women'S, Hospital), Robert, George, Cherry, Koh, Oliver Warren (The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia), Isaac Hanley (The Tweed Hospital), Austria: Clemens Nawara, Marilla Dickfos (Toowoomba Hospital)., Dietmar, Öfner, Florian Primavesi (Department Of Surgery, Bangladesh: Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg)., Khalid Mahmud (Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital), Margub, Hussain, Hafiz, Hakim, Tapan Kumar (Dhaka Medical College Hospital), Benin: Pamphile A Assouto, Antje Oosterkamp (Lamb Hospital)., Ismail, Lawani, Brunei: Aung Kyaw Tun, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga)., Chean Leung Chong (Pmmpmhamb Hospital) Giridhar, H Devadasar, Chean Leung Chong, Muhammad Rashid Minhas Qadir (Ssb Hospital), Kyaw Phyo Aung, Lee Shi Yeo, Brazil: Vanessa Dina Palomino Castillo, Chean Leung Chong (Ripas Hospital)., Monique Moron Munhoz, Gisele Moreira (Conjunto Hospitalar De Sorocaba), Luiz Carlos Barros De Castro Segundo, Salim Anderson Khouri Ferreira, Maíra Cassa Careta (Hospital Da Santa Casa De Misericórdia De Vitória), Stella Binna Kim, Alexandre Venancio De Sousa, Alyne Daltri Lazzarini Cury (Hospital De Caridade Sãƒo De Paula), Gustavo Peixoto Soares Miguel, Ana Vega Carreiro De Freitas, Barbara Pereira Silvestre (Hospital Estadual Doutor Jayme Dos Santos Neves), Julia Guasti Pinto Vianna, Carolina Oliveira Felipe, Luis Alberto Valente Laufer (Hospital Estadual Doutor Jayme Santos Neves), Fernanda, Altoe, Luana Ayres Da Silva, Marina Luiza Pimenta, Thiago Fernandes Giuriato, Paulo Alves Bezerra Morais, Jessica Souza Luiz (Hospital Estadual Dr Jayme Santos Neves), Rafael, Araujo, Juliana, Menegussi, Marisa, Leal, Caio Vinícius Barroso de Lima, Luiza Sarmento Tatagiba, Antônio Leal (Hospital Infantil Nosa Senhora Da Gloria), Diogo Vinicius dos Santos, Gustavo Pereira Fraga, Romeo Lages Simoes (Hospital De Clinicas, Cameroon: Samuel Nigo, University Of Campinas). Cambodia: Simon Stock (World Mate Emergency Hospital)., Juana, Kabba, Tagang Ebogo Ngwa, Canada: Sebastian King, James Brown (Mbingo Baptist Hospital)., Georges, Azzie, Sameer, Kushwaha, Arnav Agarwal (The Hospital For Sick Children), Karen, Bailey, Brian, Cameron, Michael Livingston (McMaster Children's Hospital), Alexandre, Horobjowsky, Dan, L Deckelbaum, Tarek Razek (Centre for Global Surgery, Chile: Boris Marinkovic, McGill University Health Centre)., Eugenio, Grasset, Nicole D'aguzan (Hospital Del Salvador), Julio, Jimenez, China: Zhongtao Zhang, Roberto Macchiavello (Hospital Luis Tisne)., Wei, Guo, Junyeong, Oh, Colombia: Irene Montes, Fei Zheng (Beijing Friendship Hospital)., Sebastian, Sierra, Manuela Mendez (Clinica Ces), Maria Isabel Villegas, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza (Clinica Las Vegas), Fred Alexander Naranjo Aristizã¡bal, Jaime Andres Montoya Botero, Victor Manuel Quintero Riaza (Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe), Jakeline, Restrepo, Carlos, Morales, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion), Herman, Cruz, Alejandro, Munera, Croatia: Robert Karlo, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Ips Universitaria Clinica Leon Xiii)., Edgar, Domini, Jakov Mihanovic (Zadar General Hospital), Mihael, Radic, Kresimir, Zamarin, Dominican Republic: Manuel Hache-Marliere, Nikica Pezelj (General Hospital Sibenik)., Sylvia Batista Lemaire, Ruben Rivas (Cedimat, - Centro De Diagnostico Medicina Avanzada, Egypt: Ahmed Khyrallh, Laboratorio Y Telemedicina)., Ahamed, Hassan, Gamal, Shimy, Mohamed, A Baky Fahmy (Al-Azher Universty Hospital), Ayman, Nabawi, Mohamed, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad Gohar, Mohamed, Asal, Mostafa, Abdelkader, Mahmoud, Gomah, Hayssam, Rashwan, Mohamed, Karkeet, Ahmed Gomaa (Alexandria Main University Hospital), Amr, Hasan, Ahmed, Elgebaly, Omar, Saleh, Ahmad Abdel Fattah, Abdullah, Gouda, Abd Elrahman Elshafay, Abdalla, Gharib, Ahmed, Menshawy, Mohammed, Hanafy, Abdullah, Al-Mallah, Mahmoud, Abdulgawad, Mohamad, Baheeg, Mohammed, Alhendy, Ibrahim, Abdelfattah, Abdalla, Kenibar, Omar, Osman, Mostafa, Gemeah, Ahmed, Mohammed, Abdalrahman, Adel, Abdelrahman, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Mohamed Abozaid (Al-Hussein Hospital), Ahmed Hafez El-Badri Kotb, Ali Amin Ahmed Ata, Mohammed, Nasr, Abdelrahman, Alkammash, Mohammed, Saeed, Nader Abd El Hamid, Attia Mohamed Attia, Ahmed Abd El Galeel, Eslam, Elbanby, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Usama, Hantour, Omar, Alahmady, Billal, Mansour, Amr Muhammad Elkorashy (Bab El-Shareia Hospital), Emad Mohamed Saeed Taha, Kholod Tarek Lasheen, Salma Said Elkolaly, Nehal Yosri Elsayed Abdel-Wahab, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi Abozyed, Ahmed, Adel, Ahmed Moustafa Saeed, Gehad Samir El Sayed, Jehad Hassan Youssif (Banha University Hospital), Soliman Magdy Ahmed, Nermeen Soubhy El-Shahat, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy Khedr (Belbes Central Hospital), Abdelrhman Osama Elsebaaye, Mohamed, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Ibrahim, Elzayat, Mahmoud, Warda, Khaled Naser El Deen, Abdelrhman Essam Elnemr, Omar, Salah, Mohamed, Abbas, Mona, Rashad, Ibrahim, Elzayyat, Dalia, Hemeda, Gehad, Tawfik, Mai, Salama, Hazem, Khaled, Mohamed Seisa (El Dawly Hospital, - Mansoura), Kareem, Elshaer, Abdelfatah, Hussein, Mahmoud Elkhadrawi (El Mahalla General Hospital), Ahmed Mohamed Afifi, Osama Saadeldeen Ebrahim, Mahmoud Mohamed Metwally (El, - Mataria Educational Hospital), Rowida, Elmelegy, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary Elsawahly, Hisham, Safa, Eman, Nofal, Mohamed, Elbermawy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb Ghazy, Hisham, Samih, Asmaa, Abdelgelil, Sarah, Abdelghany, Ahmed El Kholy, Metwally, Aboraya, Fatma, Elkady, Mahmoud, Salma, Sarah, Samy, Reem, Fakher, Aya, Aboarab, Ahmed, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Abdelrahman, Haroun, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman Al-Aarag, Ahmed, Elkholy, Sally Elshanwany (El-Menshawy Hospital), Esraa Ghanem (Elshohadaa Central Hospital), Ahmed, Tammam, Ali Mohamed Hammad, Yousra El Shoura, Gehad El Ashal, Hosni Khairy (Kasr Alainy School Of Medicine), Sarah, Antar, Sara, Mehrez, Mahmoud, Abdelshafy, Maha Gamal Mohamad Hamad, Mona, Hosh, Emad, Abdallah, Basma, Magdy, Thuraya, Alzayat, Elsayed, Gamaly, Hossam, Elfeki, Amany, Abouzahra, Shereen, Elsheikh, Fatimah, I Elgendy (Mansoura University Hospitals), Fathia Abd El-Salam, Osama, Seifelnasr, Mohamed, Ammar, Athar, Eysa, Aliaa, Sadek, Aliaa Gamal Toeema, Aly, Nasr, Mohamed, Abuseif, Hagar, Zidan, Sara Abd Elmageed Barakat, Nadin, Elsayed, Yasmin Abd Elrasoul, Ahmed, Elkelany, Mohamed Sabry Ammar, Mennat-Allah, Mustafa, Yasmin, Hegazy, Mohamed, Etman, Samar, Saad, Mahmoud, Alrahawy, Ahmed, Raslan, Mahmoud, Morsi, Ahmed, Rslan, Ahmed, Sabry, Hager, Elwakil, Heba, Shaker, Yasmin, Abd-Elrasoul, Ahmed Elkelany (Menoufia University Hospitals), Hussein, El-Kashef, Mohamed, Shaalan, Areej Tarek (Minia University Hospital), Ayman, Elwan, Ahmed Ragab Nayel, Mostafa, Seif, Doaa, Emadeldin, Mohamed Ali Ghonaim, Ahmad, Almallah, Ahmed, Fouad, Eman Adel Sayma (New Damietta University Hospital), Ahmad, Elbatahgy, Angham Solaiman El-Ma'doul, Ahmed, Mosad, Hager, Tolba, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin Elsorogy, Hassan Ali Mostafa, Amira Atef Omar, Ola Sherief Abd El Hameed, Ahmed Lasheen (Quweisna Central Hospital In Quweisna), Yasser Abd El Salam, Ashraf, Morsi, Mohammed Ismail (Ras El Tin General Hospital), Hager Ahmed El-badawy, Mohamed, A Amer, Ahmed Sabry El-Hamouly, Attallah, Noura A., Omnia, Mosalum, Ahmed, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Alaa, Abouelnasr, Sara, Ayad, Ramdan, Shaker, Rokia, Sakr, Ramadan, Shaker, Mahmoud, Amreia, Soaad, Elsobky, Mohamed, Mustafa, Ahmed Abo El Magd, Abeer, Marey, Amr Tarek Hafez, Mohamed, F Zalabia (Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia), Mohamed Moamen Mohamed, Amr, Fadel, Emad Ali Ahmed (Sohag University Hospital), Ahmad, Ali, Mohammad Ghassan Alwafai, Abdullah, Dwydar, Sara, Kharsa, Ehab, Mamdouh, Hatem, El-Sheemy, Ibrahim, Alyoussef, Abouelatta Khairy Aly, Ahmad, Aldalaq, Ehab, Alnawam, Dalia Alkhabbaz (Souad Kafafi University Hospital), Mahmoud, Saad, Shady, Hussein, Ahmed Abo Elazayem, Ahmed, Meshref, Marwa, Elashmawy, Mohammed, Mousa, Ahmad, Nashaat, Sara, Ghanem, Zaynab, M Elsayed, Aya, Elwaey, Iman Elkadsh (Suez Canal University Hospitals), Mariam, Darweesh, Ahmed, Mohameden, Mennaallah Hafez (Suez General Hospital), Ahmed, Badr, Assmaa, Badwy, Mohamed Abd El Slam (Talla Central Hospital), Mohamed, Elazoul, Safwat, Al-Nahrawi, Lotfy, Eldamaty, Fathee, Nada, Mohamed, Ameen, Aya, Hagar, Mohamed, Elsehimy, Mohammad, Aboraya, Hossam, Dawoud, Shorouk El Mesery, Abeer El Gendy, Ahmed, Abdelkareem, Ahmed Safwan Marey, Mostafa, Allam, Sherif, Shehata, Khaled, Abozeid, Marwa, Elshobary, Ahmed, Fahiem, Sameh, Sarsik, Amel, Hashish, Mohamed, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Shaimaa, Aql, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz Elhendawy (Tanta University Hospital), Mohamed, Husseini, Esraa, Kasem, Ahmed, Gheith, Yasmin, Elfouly, Ahmed Ragab Soliman, Yasmein, Ibrahim, Nesma, Elfouly, Ahmed, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Mohammad, Rashid, Abdallah Salah Elsherbiny, Basem, Sieda, Nermin, M Badwi, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Osama, Mohamed, Ethiopia: Mengistu Worku, Mohammad Abdulkhalek Habeeb (Zagazig University Hospitals)., Nichole Starr (Dessie Referral Hospital), Semay, Desta, Sahlu, Wondimu, Nebyou Seyoum Abebe (Minilik Ii Hospital), Efeson, Thomas, Frehun Ayele Asele, Daniel Dabessa (Myungsung Christian Medical Center), Nebiyou Seyoum Abebe, Finland: Panu Mentula, Abebe Bekele Zerihun (Tikur Anbessa Hospital)., Ari, Leppäniemi, France: Aurelien Scalabre, Ville Sallinen (Helsinki University Central Hospital)., Fernanda, Frade, Sabine Irtan (Trousseau Hospital Sorbonnes Universités, Upmc Univ Paris), Vivien, Graffeille, Elodie, Gaignard, Quentin Alimi (Chu De Rennes), Quentin, Alimi, Vivien, Graffieille, Elodie Gaignard (Fr Rennes University), Olivier, Abbo, Sofia, Mouttalib, Ourdia Bouali (Hopital Des Enfants), Erik, Hervieux, Yves, Aigrain, Nathalie Botto (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades), Alice, Faure, Lucile, Fievet, Nicoleta Panait (Hopitâl Nord), Emilie, Eyssartier, Francoise, Schmitt, Guillaume Podevin (Pediatric Surgery Department, University Hospital Of Angers, France), Valentine, Parent, Amandine, Martin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud (Rennes University Hospital), Cecile, Muller, Arnaud, Bonnard, Ghana: Francis Abantanga, Matthieu Peycelon (Robert Debré Children University Hospital)., Kwaku, Boakye-Yiadom, Mohammed Bukari (Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Frank Owusu (Offinso District Hospital), Joseph, Awuku-Asabre, Lemuel Davies Bray (University For Development Studies, School Of Medicine And Health Sciences, General Surgery Department, Greece: Dimitrios Lytras, Tamale Teaching Hospital)., Kyriakos, Psarianos, Anastasia Bamicha (Achillopoyleio General Hospital Of Volos), Eirini Kefalidi (Attikon General Hospital), Georgios Gemenetzis (Attikon University Hospital), Christos, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Gouvas, Christos Agalianos (Konstantopouleio General Hospital Of Athens), Michail, Kontos, Gregory, Kouraklis, Dimitrios Karousos (Laiko University Hospital), Stylianos, Germanos, Constantinos Marinos (Larissa General Hospital), Christos, Anthoulakis, Nikolaos, Nikoloudis, Guatemala: Gustavo Recinos, Nikolaos Mitroudis (Serres General Hospital)., Sergio, Estupinian, Walter Forno (Hospital De Accidentes Ceibal), José René Arévalo Azmitia (Hospital General De Enfermedades, Cirugia De Emergencia, Instituto Guatemalteco De Seguridad Social), Carla Cecilia Ramãrez Cabrera (Hospital General De Enfermedades, Servicio De Cirugia Abdominal, Romeo, Guevara, Maria, Aguilera, Napoleon, Mendez, Cesar Augusto Azmitia Mendizabal, Pablo, Ramazzini, Mario Contreras Urquizu (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), Fernando, Tale, Rafael, Soley, Emanuel, Barrios, Emmanuel Barrios (Hospital Juan Jose Arevalo Bermejo), Daniel Estuardo Marroquín Rodríguez, Carlos Iván Pérez Velásquez, Sara María Contreras Mérida (Hospital Regional De Retalhuleu), Francisco, Regalado, Mario, Lopez, Miguel Siguantay (Hospital Roosevelt, Hong Kong: Fong Yee Lam, Guatemala)., Kylie Joan-yi Szeto, Charing Cheuk Ling Szeto, Wing Sum Li, Kieran Ka Kei Li, Man Fung Leung, Tony, Mak, India: SS Prasad, Simon Ng (Prince of Wales Hospital)., Anand, Kirishnan, Nidhi Gyanchandani (KMC Hospital), Bylapudi Seshu Kumar, Muthukumaran Rangarajan (Kovai Medical Centre &amp, Hospital), Sriram, Bhat, Anjana, Sreedharan, Kinnera (Kasturba Medical College), S. V., Yella, Reddy, Caranj, Venugopal, Sunil Kumar (Pes Institute Of Medical Sciences &amp, Research), Abhishek Mittal (Safdarjung Hospital, New, Delhi), Shravan, Nadkarni, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Puneet Malik (Sawai Man Singh Medical College &amp, Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan), Neel, Limaye, Srinivas, Pai, Pratik Jain (Sdm College Of Medical Sciences And Hospital), Monty, Khajanchi, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev Satoskar (Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College And King Edward Memorial Hospital), Indonesia: Eldaa Prisca Refianti Sutanto, Abid Bin Mahamood (Travancore Medical College Hospital)., Daniel Ardian Soeselo, Chintya Tedjaatmadja (Atmajaya Hospital), Fitriana Nur Rahmawati, Radhian, Amandito, Maria Mayasari (Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Iraq: Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad Al-Hasani, Jakarta)., Hasan Ismael Ibraheem Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Israa Abdullah Aziz Al-Azraqi (Alsader Medical City), Lubna, Sabeeh, Rahma, Kamil, Marwan Shawki (Baghdad Medical City), Muwaffaq Mezeil Telfah (Department Of Surgery, College Of Medicine, University Of Mosul, Ireland: Amoudtha Rasendran, Al-Jumhoori Teaching Hospital)., Jacqueline, Sheehan, Robert, Kerley, Caoimhe, Normile, Richard William Gilbert, Jiheon, Song, Mohamed, Dablouk, Linnea, Mauro, Mohammed Osman Dablouk, Michael, Hanrahan, Paul, Kielty, Eleanor Marks (Cork University Hospital), Simon, Gosling, Michelle, Mccarthy, Amoudtha Rasendran (Cork University Hospital &amp, University College Cork), Diya, Mirghani, Syed Altaf Naqvi, Chee Siong Wong (Limerick University Hospital), Siyi, Chung, Reuban, D'Cruz, Ronan Cahill (Mater Misericordiae University Hospital), Simon George Gosling, Amoudtha, Rasendran, Ciara, Fahy, Diana Duarte Cadogan, Anna, Powell, Richard, Gilbert, Caroline, Clifford, Aoife Driscoll (Mercy University Hospital), Stassen, Paul, Chris, Lee, Ross Bowe (Midlands Regional Hospital Mullingar), William, Hutch, Michael Hanrahan (University College Cork), Helen, Mohan, Maeve, O'Neill, Italy: Piergiorgio Danelli, Kenneth Mealy (Wexford General Hospital)., Andrea, Bondurri, Anna Maffioli (Azienda Ospedaliera Luigi Sacco, - Polo Universitario), Mario, Pasini, Giacomo, Pata, Stefano Roncali (Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili Di Brescia, - Chirurgia Generale), Paolo, Silvani, Michele, Carlucci, Roberto Faccincani (Irccs Ospedale San Raffaele), Luigi, Bonavina, Yuri, Macchitella, Chiara Ceriani (University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato), Gregorio, Tugnoli, Salomone Di Saverio, Khaled Khattab (Maggiore Hospital), Miguel Angel Paludi, Domenica, Pata, Luigi Maria Cloro (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital), Andrea, Allegri, Federico Coccolini (Papa Giovanni Xxiii Hospital), Ezio, Veronese, Luca, Bortolasi, Alireza Hasheminia (San Bonifacio Hospital), Giacomo, Nastri, Massimiliano Dal Canto, Stefano Cucumazzo (Santa Croce Hospital), Angelo, Benevento, Gaetano Tessera (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Gallarate), Pier Paolo Grandinetti, Alessio, Maniscalco, Giovanni Luca Lamanna (Santi Benvenuto, E Rocco Hospital Asur), Luca, Turati, Giovanni, Sgroi, Emanuele Rausa (Treviglio Hospital), Roberta, Villa, Michela, Monteleone, David Merlini (Unita' Di Chirurgia D'urgenza Azienda Ospedaliera Salvini), Federico, Coccolini, Andrea Allegri (Unit Of General Surgery, I, Papa Giovanni Xxiii Hospital), Veronica, Grassi, Roberto, Cirocchi, Libya: Hamza Waleed, Alban Cacurri (University Of Perugia)., Ahmed, Diab, Lithuania: Mantas Jokubauskas, Fathi Elzowawi (Misurata Central Hospital)., Karolis, Varkalys, Donatas Venskutonis (Kaunas Clinical Hospital), Robertas, Pranevicius, Viktorija Ambrozeviciute (Klaipedas Seaman Hospital), Simona, Juciute, Austė Skardžiukaitė (Lietuvos Sveikatos Mokslų Universitetas), Saulius, Bradulskis, Linas, Urbanavicius, Aiste, Austraite, Romualdas, Riauka, Zilvinas Dambrauskas (Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Paulius, Karumnas, Zigmantas, Urniezius, Reda Zilinskiene (Republic Hospital Of Kaunas), Anele Rudzenskaite (Republic Hospital Of Panevezys), Ausrine, Usaityte, Margarita, Montrimaite, Nerijus Kaselis (Republic Klaipeda Hospital), Andrius, Strazdas, Kristijonas Jokubonis (Stasys Kudirka Regional Hospital Of Alytus), Kornelija, Maceviciute, Virgilijus, Beisa, Kestutis, Strupas, Erikas Laugzemys (Vilnius University, Center Of Abdominal Surgery), Andrej, Kolosov, Valdemaras, Jotautas, Ignas Rakita (Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics), Saulius, Mikalauskas, Darius, Kazanavicius, Rokas, Rackauskas, Virgilijus Beisa (Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos), Ritauras, Rakauskas, Malawi: Ross Coomber, Egle Preckailaite (Vsi Jonavos Ligonine)., Kenneth, Johnson, Malaysia: Dineshwary Periasammy, Jennifer Nowers (Queen Elizabeth Hospital)., Afizah, Salleh, Andre Das (Hospital Kajang), Reuben Goh Ern Tze, Milaksh Nirumal Kumar, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah (Sarawak General Hospital), Nik Ritza Kosai, Mustafa, Taher, Reynu Rajan (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre), Hoong Yin Chong, Malta: Marija Agius, Cheng Chun Goh (University Malaya Medical Centre)., Maureen, Bezzina, Roberta, Bugeja, Martinique, Vella-Baldacchino, Andrew, Spina, Josephine Psaila (Mater Dei Hospital, Martinique: Helene Francois-Coridon, Malta)., Cecilia, Tolg, Jean-Francois Colombani (Department Of Pediatric Surgery, Mother And Children's Hospital, Mexico: Carmina Diaz-Zorrilla, University Hospital Of Martinique)., Antonio Ramos-De La Medina, Mozambique: Mário Jacobe, Samantha Corro-Diaz Gonzalez (Hospital Español de Veracruz)., Domingos, Mapasse, New Zealand: Ramadan Oumer, Elizabeth Snyder (Hospital Central Maputo)., Mohammed Osman (Whangarei Hospital, Nigeria: Aminu Mohammad, Northland District Health Board)., Lofty-John, Anyanwu, Abdulrahman Sheshe (Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital), Alaba, Adesina, Olubukola, Faturoti, Ogechukwu Taiwo (Babcock University Teaching Hospital), Muhammad Habib Ibrahim, Abdulrasheed, A Nasir, Siyaka Itopa Suleiman (Federal Medical Centre, Birnin, Kebbi), Adewale, Adeniyi, Opeoluwa, Adesanya, Ademola Adebanjo (Federal Medical Centre), Roland, Osuoji, Kazeem, Atobatele, Ayokunle, Ogunyemi, Omolara, Williams, Mobolaji, Oludara, Olabode Oshodi (Lagos State University Teaching Hospital), Adesoji, Ademuyiwa, AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga Lawal, Felix, Alakaloko, Olumide, Elebute, Adedapo, Osinowo, Christopher Bode(Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Abidemi Adesuyi (National Hospital Abuja), Adesoji, Tade, Adeleke, Adekoya, Collins Nwokoro (Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital), Omobolaji, O Ayandipo, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Akinlabi, E Ajao (University College Hospital), Samuel Sani Ali, Babatunde, Odeyemi, Samson Olori (University of Abuja Teaching Hospital), Ademola, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Lossius (Department Of Gastrointestinal Surgery, James Adeniran (University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital). Norway: William J., Olavs Hospital, St., Trondheim University Hospital), Ingemar Havemann (Soerlandet Hospital Kristiansand), Kenneth, Thorsen, Jon Kristian Narvestad, Kjetil Soreide (Stavanger University Hospital), Trude Beate Wold, Linn Nymo (University Hospital Of North Norway, Oman: Mohammed Elsiddig, Troms)., Pakistan: Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Manzoor Dar (Sohar Hospital)., Zainab, Iftikhar, Muhammad Mohsin Furqan (Bahawal Victoria Hospital), Bakhtiar, Nighat, Masood, Jawaid, Abdul Khalique (Dow University Hospital), Ahsan, Zil-E-Ali, Anam Rashid (Fatima Memorial Hospital), Hasnain Abbas Dharamshi, Tahira, Naqvi, Ahmad Faraz (Karachi Medical And Dental College, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital), Abdul Wahid Anwar, Tahir Muhammad Yaseen, Ghina Shamim Shamsi, Ghina, Shamsi, Tahir, Yaseen, Paraguay: Horacio Paredes Decoud, Wahid Anwer (The Indus Hospital)., Omar, Aguilera, Ismael Isaac Zelada Alvarez, Juan Marcelo Delgado, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Peru: Wendy Leslie Messa Aguilar, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse (Hospital De Clínicas)., Jose Antonio Cabala Chiong, Essalud), Ana Cecilia Manchego Bautista (Carlos Alberto Seguin Escobedo National Hospital., Eduardo, Huaman, Sergio, Zegarra, Rony Camacho (Hospital Necional Guillermo Almenara), Jose María Vergara Celis, Diego Alonso Romani Pozo (Hospital De Emergencias Pediatricas), José, Hamasaki, Edilberto, Temoche, Jaime Herrera-Matta (Hospital De Policia), Carla Pierina García Torres, Luis Miguel Alvarez Barreda, Ronald Renato Barrionuevo Ojeda (Hospital Goyeneche), Octavio Garaycochea (Hospital Ii -1 Minsa Moyobamba), Melanie Castro Mollo, Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linares Delgado, Francisco Fujii (Hospital Maria Auxiliadora), Ana Cecilia Manchego Bautista, Wendy Leslie Messa Aguilar, Jose Antonio Cabala Chiong (Hospital Nacional Carlos Alberto Seguin), Susana Yrma Aranzabal Durand, Carlos Alejandro Arroyo Basto, Nelson Manuel Urbina Rojas (Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins-Essalud), Sebastian Bernardo Shu Yip, Ana Lucia Contreras Vergara, Andrea Echevarria Rosas Moran, Giuliano Borda Luque, Manuel Rodriguez Castro, Ramon Alvarado Jaramillo (Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia), George Manrique Sila, Crislee Elizabeth Lopez, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze De Leon, Massiell, Machaca, Ronald Coasaca Huaraya, Andy, Arenas, Crislee, López, Clara Milagros Herrera Puma, Wilfredo, Pino, Christian, Hinojosa, Melanie Zapata Ponze De Leon, Susan, Limache, George Manrrique Sila, Portugal: Renato Melo, Layza-Alejandra Mercado Rodriguez (Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado Espinoza)., Jose, Costa-Maia, Romania: Ionasc Dan, Nuno Muralha (Servico De Cirurgia Geral - Centro Hospitalar Sao Joao - Porto). Reunion: Frederique Sauvat (Chu Reunion)., Mircea, Hogea, Pandi Eduard (Emergency Clinical Hospital Brasov), Razvan-Matei, Bratu, Mircea, Beuran, Ionut-Bogdan, Diaconescu, Bogdan-Valeriu, Martian, Florin-Mihail, Iordache, Mihaela Vartic (Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest), Lucian Corneliu Vida, Liviu Iuliu Muntean, Rwanda: Vizir Jean Paul Nsengimana (Chuk), Aurel Sandu Mironescu (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov)., Alice, Niragire, Jean De La Croix Allen Ingabire, San Marino: Nicola Zanini, Eugene Niyirera (University Teaching Hospital Of Kigali)., Elio, Jovine, Alomar, Giovanni Landolfo (San Marino State Hospital). Saudi Arabia: Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry (Buraydah Central Hospital), Abdulrahman M., Moayad, Othman, Nohad Osman (Imam Abdulrahman Al Faisal Hospital), Enas Alqahtani (King Abdulaziz Hospital Al Ahsa National Guard), Mohammed, Alzahrani, Rifan, Alyami, Emad Aljohani (King Abdulaziz Medical City), Ibrahim, Alhabli, Zaher, Mikwar, Sultan Almuallem (King Abdulaziz Medical City (King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah), Emad, Aljohani, Mohammed Alzahrani (King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh), Abrar, Nawawi, Mohamad, Bakhaidar, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Mohammed, Alsaggaf, Murad, Aljiffry, Abdulmalik, Altaf, Ahmad, Khoja, Alaa, Habeebullah, Nouf Akeel (Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi, Arabia), Nashat, Ghandora, Abdullah, Almoflihi, Abdulmalik Huwait (King Fahad General Hospital), Abeer, Al-shammari, Mashael Al-Mousa (King Fahad Hospital), Masood, Alghamdi, Walid, Adham, Bandar, Albeladi, Muayad Ahmed Alfarsi, Atif, Mahdi, Saad Al Awwad (King Fahd Hospital), Thamer, Nouh, Mazen Hassanain (King Khaled University Hospital, King Saud University), Salman, Aldhafeeri, Nawal, Sadig, Osama Algohary (King Khalid General Hospital), Mohannad, Aledrisy, Ahmad Alrifaie (King Khalid National Guard Hospital), Mohammed, Alrowais, Amani Althwainy (Department of Surgery, Alaa, Shabkah, Uthman, Alamoudi, Mawaddah Alrajraji (National Guard Hospital), Basim, Alghamdi, Saud, Aljohani, Abdullah Daqeeq (Rcymc), South Africa: Vicky Jennings, Jubran J Al-Faifi (Security Forces Hospital)., Nyawira, Ngayu, Rachel Moore (Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital), Victor Kong (Edendale Hospital), Hayden, Kretzmann, Katie, Connor, Daniel Nel (Frere Hospital), Colleen, Sampson, Eugenio Panieri (Groote Schuur), Nosisa Sishuba (Helen Joseph Hospital, Department Of Surgery, University Of The Witwatersrand), Myint, Tun, Albert Mohale Mphatsoe, Jo-Anne Carreira (Leratong Hospital), Mark Wagener (Ngwelezana Hospital), Stefan, Botes, Spain: Fernando Fernandez-Bueno (Hospital Central De La Defensa Gomez Ulla), Danelo Du Plessis (Rob Ferreira Hospital)., Jose, Aguilar-Jimenez, Sms), Jose Andres Garcia-Marin (Hospital Morales Meseguer., Lorena Solar García, Luis Joaquín García Florez, Rubén Darío Arias Pacheco (Hospital San Agustín), Janet, Pagnozzi, Jimy Harold Jara Quezada, Jose Luis Rodicio, German, Minguez, Raquel, Rodríguez-Uría, Paul, Ugalde, Camilo, Lopez-Arevalo, Luis, Barneo, Jessica Patricia Gonzales Stuva (Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias), Irene, Ortega-Vazquez, Lorena, Rodriguez, Sri Lanka: Prasad Pitigala Arachchi, Norberto Herrera (Severo Ochoa University Hospital)., Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya Arachchige (Department Of General Surgery, Teaching Hospital Kandy), Sivasuriya, Sivaganesh, Dulan Irusha Samaraweera, Sudan: Ahmed Elgaili Khalid Musa, Vimalakanthan Thanusan (National Hospital Of Sri Lanka)., Reem Mohammed Hassan Balila, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad Mohamed (Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital), Hussein, Ali, Hagir Zain Elabdin, Alaa Hassan (Jarash International Specialized Hospital), Sefeldin, Mahdi, Hala, Ahmed, Sahar Abdoun Ishag Idris (Khartoum Teaching Hospital), Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Elsayed, Sweden: Magnus Boijsen, Mohamed Mahmoud (Omdurman Teaching Hospital)., Per-Olof Lundgren (Capio St Goran Hospital), Ulf, Gustafsson, Ali Kiasat (Danderyds Hospital), Fredrik, Wogensen, Emma, Jurdell, Anders Thorell (Department Of Surgery, Ersta, Hospital, Stockholm), Hildur, Thorarinsdottir, Maria Utter (Helsingborgs Lasarett), Sami Martin Sundstrom (Hudiksvall Sjukhus), Cecilia, Wredberg, Ann Kjellin (Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset), Johanna, Nyberg, Bjorn Frisk (Skaraborg Hospital Skovde), Malin, Sund, Linda, Andersson, Ulf Gunnarsson (Department Of Surgical And Perioperative Sciences, Umea University and Umea University Hospital), Yücel, Cengiz, Sandra, Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund (Sundsvall Hostpital) Hanna Royson, Per Weber (Vaexjoe Central Hospital), Hans-Ivar, Pahlsson, Eva Borin (Visby Hospital, Department Of Surgery), Maria Hjertberg (Vrinnevi Hospital), Hanna, Royson, Switzerland: Roger Schmid, Per Weber (Vaxjo Central Hospital)., Debora, Schivo, Vasileios Despotidis (Bürgerspital Solothurn), Stefan, Breitenstein, Ralph, F Staerkle, Erik Schadde (Kantonsspital Winterthur), Fabian, Deichsel, Alexandra, Gerosa, Antonio Nocito (Kantonsspital Baden), Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Barbara, Mijuskovic, Markus, Zuber, Lukas Eisner (Kantonsspital Olten), Swantje, Kruspi, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christin Schoewe (Kreisspital Fuer Das Freiamt Muri Ag), Allan, Novak, Palma, Adrian F., Gerfried Teufelberger (Kreisspital Muri, Tanzania: Msafiri Kimaro, Department Of Surgery)., Rachel King (Mbalizi Christian Designated Hospital) Turkey: Ali Zeynel Abidin Balkan, Mehmet, Gumar, Mehmet Ali Yavuz (Harran University Research And Treatment Hospital), Ufuk, Karabacak, Gokhan, Lap, Bahar Busra Ozkan (Ondokuz Mayis University, Medical, Faculty), Bahar Busra Ozkan, United Kingdom: Ryan Adams, Murat Karakahya (Ordu University Training And Research Hospital)., Robert, Morton, Liam, Henderson, Ruth, Gratton, Keiran David Clement, Kate Yu-Ching Chang, David, Mcnish, Ryan, Mcintosh, William Milligan (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary), Brendan, Skelly, Hannah, Anderson-Knight, Roger Lawther (Altnagelvin Area Hospital), Jemina, Onimowo, Veereanna, Shatkar, Shivanee Tharmalingam (Barking, Havering And Redbridge University Hospitals Trust (Queens Hospital, Romford), Evelina, Woin, Tessa, Fautz, Oliver Ziff (Barnet General Hospital), Shiva, Dindyal, Sam, Arman, Shagorika, Talukder, Vijay, Gadhvi, Shagorika Talukder (Basildon And Thurrock University Foundation Trust), Luen Shaun Chew, Jonathan Heath (Blackpool Victoria Teaching Hospitals), Natalie, Blencowe, Sally, Hallam, Katherine Gash (Bristol Royal Infirmary), Gurdeep Singh Mannu, Dimitris-Christos, Zachariades, Ailsa Claire Snaith (Buckinghamshire NHS Trust), Thusitha Sampath Hettiarachchi, Arjun, Nesaratnam, James Wheeler (Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Darragh, Mccullagh, Joshua Michael Clements, Ata Khan (Causeway Hospital), Foteini, Koumpa, Christina, Neophytou, Jessica, Roth, Wai Cheong Soon, Mohammed, Deputy, Ahmed, Ahmed, Annelisse, Ashton, Joe, Vincent, Jack, Almy, Taufiq, Khan, John Lee, Y Allen, Charlotte Jane Mcintyre, Dominic Charles Marshall (Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust), Mark, Sykes, Nebil, Behar, Harriet Jordan (Chelsea And Westminster Hospital), Yaseen, Rajjoub, Thomas Sherman (Cheltenham General Hospital), Timothy, White, Anna, Watts, Rohan Ardley (Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust), Tan, Arulampalam, Apar, Shah, Damien Brown (Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust), Emma, Blower, Paul, Sutton, Konstantinos, Gasteratos, Dale Vimalachandran (Countess Of Chester Hospital), Cathy, Magee, Andrew Mcguigan (Craigavon Area Hospital), Stephen, Mcaleer, Clare Morgan (Daisy Hill Hospital), Sarah Braungart (Department Of Paediatric Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary), Kirsten, Lafferty, Peter, Labib, Andrei, Tanase, Clodagh, Mangan, Lillian, Reza, Clodagh Mangan (Derriford Hospital), Helen, Woodward, Craig, Gouldthorpe, Megan Turner (Diana Princess Of Wales Hospital), Jonathan R, L Wild, Tom AM Malik, Victoria, K Proctor (Doncaster Royal Infirmary NHS Foundation Trust), Kalon, Hewage, James Davies (Dorset County Hospital), Andre, Dubois, Sayed, Sarwary, Ali, Zardab, Alan, Grant, Robert Mcintyre (Dr Grays Hospital), Yogendra Praveen Mogan, Weiguang, Ho, Bryon Frankie Hon Khi Chong (Dumfries And Galloway Royal Infirmary), Shirish, Tewari, Gemma, Humm, Eriberto Farinella (East And North Hertfordshire NHS Trust Lister Hospital) Nigel, J Hall, Naomi, J Wright, Christina, P Major (Evelina Children's Hospital), Thelma, Xerri, Phoebe De Bono, Jasim, Amin, Mustafa, Farhad, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Andrew G, N Robertson, Joanna, Swann, James, Richards, Aijaz, Jabbar, Myranda, Attard, Hannah, Burns, Euan, Macdonald, Matthew, Baldacchino, Jennifer, Skehan, Julian Camilleri-Brennan (Forth Valley Royal Hospital), Tom Falconer Hall, Madelaine, Gimzewska, Greta Mclachlan (Frimley Park Hospital), Jamie, Shah, James Giles (George Elliot Hospital), Selina, Chiu, Beatrix, Weber, Selina Man Yeng Chiu, Saskia Highcock (Gilbert Bain Hospital), Maleeha, Hassan, William, Beasley, Apostolos, Vlachogiorgos, Stephen, Dias, Geta, Maharaj, Rosie Mcdonald (Glangwili General Hospital), Alisdair, Macdonald, Paul, Witherspoon, Alan Baird (Glasgow Southern General Hospital), Panchali, Sarmah, Nikki, Green, Haney Youssef (Good Hope Hospital), Kate, Cross, Clare, M Rees, Bernard Van Duren (Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Foundation Trust), Emma Upchurch (Great Western Hospital), Khurram, Khan, Haytham, Abudeeb, Ahmed Hammad (Hairmyres Hospital, Nhs, Lanarkshire), Sharad, Karandikar, Doug, Bowley, Ahmed Karim (Heart Of England Foundation Trust), Witold, Chachulski, Liam, Richardson, Giles, Dawnay, Ben, Thompson, Ajayesh, Mistry, Aneel, Bhangu, Millika, Ghetia, Sudipta, Roy, Ossama, Al-Obaedi, Kaustuv Das (Hereford County Hospital), Ash, Prabhudesai, Cocker, Dm, Jessica Juliana Tan (Hillingdon Hospital), Robert, Tyler, Filippo Di Franco, Shruti Ayyar (Hinchingbrooke Hospital), Sayinthen, Vivekanantham, Shyam Gokani (Imperial College London), Michael, Gillespie, Katrin Gudlaugsdottir (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Theodore, Pezas, Chelise, Currow, Matthew Young-Han Kim (Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust), Amerdip, Birring, Joanne, Edwards, Ased, Ali, Suparna, Das, Madan, Jha, Kieran Atkinson (James Cook University Hospital), Joshua, Luck, Thomas, Fozard, Michael Puttick (John Radcliffe Hospital), Yahya, Salama, Rohi, Shah, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Hamdi, Ebdewi, Gianpiero, Gravante, Saleem El-Rabaa (Kettering General Hospital), Henry, Nnajiuba, Rebecca, Allott, Aman Bhargava (King George Hospital), Zoe, Chan, Zaffar Hassan (Kings College Hospital), Misty, Makinde, David, Hemingway, Ramzana, Dean, Alexander, Boddy, Ahmed, Aber, Vijay Patel (Leicester Royal Infirmary), Jehangirshaw Parakh (Leighton Hospital, - Mid Cheshire NHS Foundation Trust), Sunil Parthiban (Lister Hospital), Harmony Kaur Ubhi, Simon-Peter Hosein (Luton And Dunstable Hospital), Simon, Ward, Kamran Malik (Macclesfield District General Hospital), Leifa, Jennings, Tom, Newton, Mirna, Alkhouri, Min Kyu Kang, Christopher, Houlden, Jonathan Barry (Morriston Hospital), Imtanan, Raza, Alistair, Farquharson, Sanjeet Bhattacharya (NHS Ayrshire), William, Milligan, Kate, Chang, Liam Henderson (NHS Grampian), Michael S, J Wilson, Yan Ning Neo, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Emily, Chan, Fraser, S Peck, Pei, J Lim, Alexander, S North, Rebecca, Blundell, Adam Williamson (Ninewells Hospital, NHS), Dina, Fouad, Ashish Minocha (Norfolk And Norwich University Hospital), Kathryn, Mccarthy, Emma, Court, Alice Chambers (North Bristol NHS Trust), Jenna, Yee, Ji Chung Tham, Ceri Beaton (North Devon District Hospital), Una, Walsh, Joseph, Lockey, Salman, Bokhari, Lara, Howells, Megan, Griffiths, Laura Yallop (Northwick Park Hospital), Shailinder, Singh, Omar, Nasher, Paul Jackson (Nottingham Children's Hospital At Queens Medical Centre Campus), Michael, Puttick, Thomas Fozard (Oxford University Hospitals), Abdul Muiz Shariffuddin, Weng Chee Ho, Michael Sj Wilson, Gurpreet Pabla (Perth Royal Infirmary), Saed, Ramzi, Shady, Zeidan, Jennifer Doughty (Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust), Sidhartha, Sinha, Ross, Davenport, Jason Lewis (Princess Alexandra Hospital), Leo, Duffy, Elizabeth, Mcaleer, Eleanor Williams (Princess Of Wales Hospital), Robin, Som, Omar Javed (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woolwich), Matthew, Boal, Nicola, Harrison, Habib, Tafazal, Omar, Javed, Tom, Brogden, Ewen Griffiths (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham) Rhalumi Daniel Obute, Thomas, E Glover, David, J Clark (Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn), Mohamed, Boshnaq, Mansoor, Akhtar, Pascale, Capleton, Samer, Doughan, Mohamed, Rabie, Ismail Mohamed (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital), Duncan, Samuel, Lauren, Dickson, Matthew, Kennedy, Eleanor, Dempster, Emma, Brown, Natalie, Maple, Eimear, Monaghan, Bernhard, Wolf, Alicia Garland (Raigmore Hospital), Arthur, Mcphee, David, Anderson, Robert Anderson (Royal Alexandria Hospital), Sarah, Hassan, Dave Smith (Royal Bolton Hospital), Jonathan, Lund, Catherine, Boereboom, Jennifer, Murphy, Gillian, Tierney, Samson Tou (Royal Derby Hospital), Eleanor Franziska Zimmermann, Neil James Smart, Andrea Marie Warwick (Royal Devon And Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust), Theodora, Stasinou, Ian, Daniels, Kim Findlay-Cooper (Royal Devon &amp, Exeter NHS Foundation Trust), Stefan, Mitrasinovic, Swayamjyoti, Ray, Massimo, Varcada, Rovan, D'Souza, Sharif Omara (Royal Free Hospital), Matthew, Spurr, Lucienne, Parkinson, Anthony Hanks (Royal Glamorgan Hospital), Jennifer, Ma, Emily, Abington, Meera, Ramcharn, Gethin Williams (Royal Gwent Hospital), Joseph, Winstanley, Kennedy, Ewan D., Emily NW Yeung (Royal Hospital For Sick Children), Catrin, Jones, Stephen, O'Neill, Shujing Jane Lim, Ignatius, Liew, Hari, Nair, Cameron, Fairfield, Julia, Oh, Samantha, Koh, Andrew, Wilson, Catherine Fairfield (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Delran, Anandkumar, Ashok, Kirupagaran, Timothy, F Jones, Hew Dt Torrance, Alexander, J Fowler, Charmilie, Chandrakumar, Priyank, Patel, Syed Faaz Ashraf, Lakhani, Sonam M., Aaron Lawson Mclean, Sonia Basson (Royal London Hospital), Jeremy, Batt, Catriona, Bowman, Natasha Benons (Royal United Hospital Bath), Clare, Mason, Rebecca, Harrison, John Quayle (Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust), Tom, Barker, Virginia, Summerour, Edward Harper (Sandwell And West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust), Caroline, Smith, Matthew Hampton (Sheffield Children's Hospital), Sophie, K Pitt, Alex, E Ward, Timothy, O’Connor, Emily, G Heywood, Thomas, M Drake (Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Abeed, Chowdhury, Sina, Hossaini, Nicholas Fs Watson (Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Doug, Mckechnie, Ayaan, Farah, Anita Chun (Southend University Hospital), Hoey, Koh, Grace, Lim, Graham Sunderland (Southern General Hospital), Laura, Gould, Alice Chambers (Southmead Hospital), C Munipalle, P, Rooney, H, D R, L Browning (Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust), Bernadette, Pereira, Kristof Nemeth (St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust), Emily, Decker, Stefano, Giuliani, George's Healthcare NHS Trust And University), Aly Shalaby (St., Shafaque, Shaikh, Chern Yan Tan, James's University Hospital), Ebrahim Y A Palkhi (St., Aleksandra, Szczap, Swathikan, Chidambaram, Chee Yang Chen, Kavian, Kulasabanathan, Srishti Chhabra (St Mary's Hospital), Elisabeth, Kostov, Philippe, Harbord, Mary's Hospital), James Barnacle (St., Madan Mohan Palliyil, Mina, Zikry, Johnathan, Porter, Charef, Raslan, Shazia, Hafiz, Niksa, Soltani, Katie Baillie (Stockport NHS Foundation Trust), Priyanka, Singh, Shailee, Sheth, Kishen, Patel, Mahry, Khalili, Jeesoo, Choi, Matthew Benger (St Thomas' Hospital), Lucy, Marples, Alastair, Macfarlane, Thomas Hospital), Ramesh Thurairaja (St., Tamsin, Boyce, Harriet, Whewell, Elin Jones (The Royal Gwent Hospital), Francesca, Th'Ng, Nichola Robertson (The Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Ahmad, Mirza, Haroon, Saeed, Simon Galloway (The University Hospital Of South Manchester), Gia, Elena, Mohammad, Afzal, Mohamed Zakir (United Lincolnshire Hospitals, - Pilgrim Hospital), Peter, Sodde, Charles, Hand, Aiesha, Sriram, Tamsyn, Clark, Patrick, Holton, Amy Livesey (University Hospital Coventry And Warwickshire), Yashashwi, Sinha, Fahad Mujtaba Iqbal, Indervir Singh Bharj (University Hospital Of North Midlands), Adriana, Rotundo, Cara, Jenvey, Robert Slade (University Hospital Of North Staffordshire NHS Trust), David, Golding, Samuel, Haines, Ali Adel Ne'ma Abdullah, Thomas, W Tilston, Dafydd, Loughran, Danielle, Donoghue, Lorenzo, Giacci, Mohamed Ashur Sherif, Peter, Harrison, Alethea Tang (University Hospital Of Wales), Deevia Kotecha (University Hospitals Leicester, - Leicester Royal Infirmary), Mohamed, Elshaer, Tomas, Urbonas, Amjid, Riaz, Annie, Chapman, Parisha, Acharya, Joseph Shalhoub (Watford General Hospital), Cathleen, Grossart, David McMorran (Western General Hospital), Makhosini, Mlotshwa, William, Hawkins, Sofronis Loizides (Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust), Kandaswamy, Krishna, Melanie, Orchard, Chik Wai Ho (Weston General Hospital), Peter, Thomson, Shahab, Khan, Fiona, Taylor, Jalak, Shukla, Emma Elizabeth Howie (Whipps Cross University Hospital), Linda, Macdonald, Olusegun, Komolafe, Neil Mcintyre (Wishaw General Hospital), James, Cragg, Jody, Parker, Duncan Stewart (Wrexham Maelor Hospital), Luke, Lintin, Julia, Tracy, United States: George Molina, Tahir Farooq (Yeovil District Hospital)., Haytham, Kaafarani, Laura Luque (Massachusetts General Hospital), Robel, Beyene, Jack, Sava, Mark Scott (Medstar Washington Hospital Center), Mamta, Swaroop, Raelene Kennedy (Northwestern Memorial Hospital), Ijeoma, A Azodo, Daithi, Heffernan, Tristen, Chun, Andrew Stephen (The Rhode Island Hospital), Melanie, Sion, Weinstein, Michael S., Viren Punja (Thomas Jefferson University Hospital), Nikolay, Bugaev, Monica, Goodstein, Shadi Razmdjou (Tufts Medical Center), Eric, Etchill, Juan Carlos Puyana, Matthew Kesinger (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, - Presbyterian Hospital), Lena, Napolitano, Kathleen, To, Zambia: Oliver Todd, Mark Hemmila (University Of Michigan)., Edward, Jenner, Local collaborators (GlobalSurg-2) Albania: Besmir Grizhja, Ellen Hoogakker (St Francis Hospital)., Shpetim, Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi (Spitali Rajonal Shkoder), Argentina: Roberto Klappenbach, Diego, Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia, Costa, Belen, Sanchez, Susan Aviles (Hospital Zonal General De Agudos Simplemente Evita), Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén, Balmaceda, Santiago, Villalobos, Lagomaggiore, Juan Manuel Carmona (Hospital Luis C., Mendoza), Australia: Daniel Hamill, Peter, Deutschmann, Simone, Sandler, Daniel Cox (Alice Springs Hospital), Ram, Nataraja, Claire, Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar (Monash Medical Center), Demi Gray, Morgan Haines (Port Macquarie Base Hospital), Dush, Iyer, Nithya, Niranjan, Scott D'Amours (Liverpool Hospital), Morvarid, Ashtari, Bangladesh: Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Helena Franco (Gold Coast University Hospital)., Sabbir Karim (Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital), Nowrin F. Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee (Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College &amp, Umme, Salma, Joyeta, Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta (Dhaka Medical College And Hospital), Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid, Alamin, Swapnil, Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim (Armed Forces Medical College), Muhtarima, Haque, Amreen, Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar (Birdem Bangladesh Institute Of Research And Rehabilitation In Diabetes Endocrine And Metabolic Disorder General Hospital), Barbados: Margaret O'Shea, Greg, Padmore, Belarus: Andrey Litvin, Ramesh Jonnalagadda (Queen Elizabeth Hospital)., Aliaksandr, Filatau, Dzmitry, Paulouski, Maryna, Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava (Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital), Dzianis, Khokha, Vladimir Khokha (City Hospital) Benin: Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga), Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno, Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga), Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou (Clinique Vignon), Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou (Hopital El Fateh), Max, Dénakpo, Burundi: Carlos Nsengiyumva, Germain Ahlonsou (Hospital Saint Luc). Botswana: Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada (Princess Marina Hospital)., Sandrine, Kwizera, Cambodia: Philip Choi, Venerand Barendegere (Hopital Militaire De Kamenge)., Simon Stock (World Mate Emergency Hospital) Canada: Luai Jamal, China: Tzu-Ling Chen, Arnav Agarwal (The Hospital For Sick Children)., Colombia: Irene Montes, Chingwan Yip (Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital)., Felipe, Zapata, Sebastian Sierra (Clinica CES), Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo (Clinica Las Vegas), Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Croatia: Edgar Domini, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación)., Robert, Karlo, Egypt: Mohamed Youssef, Jakov Mihanovic (Zadar General Hospital)., Waleed, Thabet, Aly, Sanad, Ahmed, Zaki, Noran, Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed, Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed, Ghanem, Adel, Denewar, Eman, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Ahmad, Sakr, Rehab, Elashry, Sameh Emile (Mansoura University Hospital), Toqa, Khafagy, Sara, Elhamouly, Arwa, Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer, Esam, Eman, Elwy, Aya, Hammad, Salwa, Khallaf, Eman, Ibrahim, Ahmed, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed, Elgheriany, Eman, Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha, Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Gamal, Hend, Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty (Menofiya University Hospital), Dina, Gamal, Nada, El-Sagheer, Mohamed, Salah, Salma, Magdy, Asmaa, Salah, Ahmed, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Mahmoud, Badawy, Sara Ahmed (Beni Suef University Hospital), Mazed, Mohamed, Abdelrahman, Assal, Mohamed, Sleem, Mai, Ebidy, Aly Abd Elrazek, Diaaaldin, Zahran, Nourhan, Adam, Mohamed, Nazir, Adel, B Hassanein, Ahmed, Ismail, Amira, Elsawy, Rana, Mamdouh, Mohamed, Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman, Magdy, Manar, Abd-Elmawla, Marwan, Fahim, Bassant, Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran, Allam, Muhammad, Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed, Ismail, Mahmoud, Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Adel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mohamed Karkeet (Alexandria Main UniversIty Hospital), Hayam, Ahmed, Israa, Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Omar, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Shimaa, Gamal, Karim, Hilal, Omar, Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla, Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan, Elsabbagh, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr, Hossameldin, Ethar, Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan, Anwar, Mohamed, Gadelkarim, Samar, Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham, Saad, Nourhan, Soliman, Mahmoud Salama (Alexandria Medical Research Institute), Eslam, Ezzat, Arwa, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Alaa, Fergany, Sara, Mohammed, Aya, Reda, Yomna, Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan, Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed, El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Arij, Ibrahim, Amr, Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada, Elhoseny, Mohamed, Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia, Zakaria, Tarek, Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed, Kelany, Sara, Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien, Ahmed, Kholoud, Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah (Faculty Of Medicine, Zagazig, University), Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya, Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman, Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah, Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz, Elhendawy, Aliang, Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul, Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Dina, Al-Marakby, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata (Faculty Of Medicine, Tanta, University), Maha, Nasr, Asmaa, Rezq, Ahmed, Sheta, Sherif, Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman KZ Darwish, Sohaila, Elmihy, Shady, Elhadry, Ahmed, Farag, Haidar, Hajeh, Abdelaziz, Abdelaal, Amro, Aglan, Ahmed, Zohair, Mahitab, Essam, Omar, Moussa, Esraa, El-Gizawy, Mostafa, Samy, Safia, Ali, Esraa, Elhalawany, Ahmed, Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Samar, Soliman, Alaa, Elazab, Mostada Samy (El-Menshawy General Hospital), Mohamed, A Abdelaziz, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar, Gado, Usama Hantour (Al-Hussein Hospital), Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa, Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman, Hashad, Fathy, Sroor, Doaa, Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud, Zakaria, Fawzy, Mohamed, Marwan, Abubakr, Elsayed, Ali, Hesham, Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma, Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud, Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham, Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira, Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed, Talaat, Shahinaz, Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha, Abdullah, Mohammed, Elshaar, Aya AbdelFatah Ibraheem, Hager, Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed, Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah (Benha Faculty Of Medicine), Mahmoud, Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid (October, 6 University Hospital), Attia, Attia, Ayman Shwky (Bab El-Shareia University Hospital), Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman, Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar (The Memorial Soaad Kafafi University Hospital), Farrag, Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Muhammad, Shawqi, Abdullah, Hashim, Ahmed, Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Amal, Ibrahim, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa, Qenawy, Rashed, Ahmed M., Ahmed, Dahy, Marwa, Sayed, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Bakeer, Mohamed, Ahmad, Hasan, Saad, Mahmoud M., Khalil Abdul Bassit (Assiut University Hospital), Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada, Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah, Hafez, Ahmed, Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd Elsameea, Mohamed, Hafez, Ahmad, Sabe, Ataa, Ahmed, Ahmed, Shahine, Khaled, Dawood, Shireen, Gaafar, Reem, Husseiny, Omnia, Aboelmagd, Ahmed, Soliman, Nourhan, Mesbah, Hossam, Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa, Hasan, Khaled, Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Majed, Aboelella, Ward, Hamsho, Ihab, Hassan, Hala, Saad, Galaleldin, Abdelazim, Hend, Mahmoud, Noha, Wael, Ahmedali, M Kandil, Ahmed, Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem, Dabbour, Saged, Elsherbiney, Omar, Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman, Geuoshy, Ahmedglal, Elnagar, Saraibrahim, Ahmed, Ibrahem, Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Manar, Saeed, Shady, Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay, Zakaria, Gad‏, Mariam O., Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica, Bassem, Noha, Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan, Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, AA Essam (Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo, University), Dina, Tarek, Khlood, Ashour, Alaa, Elhadad, Abdulrahman, Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim, Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha, Abdelhamed, Omar, Abdelkader, Ayat, Hassaan, Yasmin, Soliman, Amna, Mohamed, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher (Faculty Of Medicine Seuz Canal University), Merna, Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida, Elsemelawy, Aya, El-Sawy, Ahmad, Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati (Smouha University Hospital), Estonia: Sten Saar, Arvo, Reinsoo, Peep Talving (The North Estonia Medical Centre), Ethiopia: Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros, Worku, Agazi Fitsum (Addis Ababa University, College Of Health Sciences, School Of Medicine), Finland: Matti Tolonen, Ville Sallinen (Helsinki University Hospital), France: Benoît Parmentier, Matthieu, Peycelon, Sabine Irtan (Trousseau Hospital, APHP), Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert (GHICL), Betty, Maillot, Etienne, Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet (CHU Rennes), Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme (CHU Toulouse), Quentin, Ballouhey, Céline, Grosos, Laurent Fourcade (CHU Limoges), Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Francois-Coridon Helene (CHU Martinique), Xavier Delforge, Elodie Haraux (CHU Amiens Picardie), Bertrand, Dousset, Roberto, Schiavone, Sebastien Gaujoux (Cochin, - APHP), Jean-Baptiste, Marret, Aurore, Haffreingue, Julien Rod (CHU Caen), Mariette Renaux-Petel (CHU Rouen), Jean-François, Lecompte, Jean, Bréaud, Pauline Gastaldi (CHU Lenval Nice), Chouikh, Taieb, Raquillet, Claire, Echaieb Anis (Hopital Robert Ballanger, Paris), Nasir, Bustangi, Manuel, Lopez, Aurelien Scalabre (CHU De Saint Etienne), Maria Giovanna Grella (CHU Poitiers), Aurora, Mariani, Guillaume, Podevin, Françoise Schmitt (CHU Angers), Aline, Broch, Cecile Muller (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Ghana: Stephen Tabiri, APHP)., Dickson, Bandoh, Francis, Abantanga, Martin, Kyereh, Hamza, Asumah, Eric Kofi Appiah, Paul Wondoh (Tamale Teaching Hospital), Adam, Gyedu, Charles, Dally, Kwabena, Agbedinu, Michael, Amoah, Abiboye Yifieyeh (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Particks Hospital), Frank Owusu (St., Mabel, Amoako-Boateng, Makafui, Dayie, Richmond, Hagan, Sam Debrah (Cape Coast Teaching Hosital), Micheal, Ohene-Yeboah, Joe-Nat, Clegg-Lampety, Victor, Etwire, Jonathan, Dakubo, Samuel, Essoun, William, Bonney, Hope, Glover-Addy, Samuel, Osei-Nketiah, Joachim, Amoako, Niiarmah, Adu-Aryee, William, Appeadu-Mensah, Antoinette, Bediako-Bowan, Florence Dedey (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), Mattew, Ekow, Emmanuel, Akatibo, Musah Yakubu (Baptist Medical Center, Nalerigu), Hope Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Kwasi, Asare-Bediako, Enoch Tackie (Keta Hospital District Hospital, Keta), Kenneth, Aaniana, Emmanuel, Acquah, Richard, Opoku-Agyeman, Anthony, Avoka, Kwasi, Kusi, Kwame Maison (Techiman Holy Family Hospital), Frank Enoch Gyamfi (Berekum Holy Family Hospital), Gandau Naa Barnabas, Saiba Abdul-Latif (Upper West Regional Hospital), Philip Taah Amoako (Samapa Government Hospital), Anthony Davor, Victor Dassah (Upper East Regional Hospital), Mary's Hospital), Enoch Dagoe (St., Prince Kwakyeafriyie (Essumejaman Sda Hospital, Dominase), Elliot, Akoto, Eric, Ackom, Ekow Mensah (Dormaa Presbyterian Hospital), Ebenezer Takyi Atkins, Christian Lari Coompson (Brongho-Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani) Greece: Nikolaos Ivros, Christoforos, Ferousis, Vasileios, Kalles, Christos, Agalianos, Ioannis, Kyriazanos, Christos, Barkolias, Angelos, Tselos, Georgios, Tzikos, Evangelos Voulgaris (Naval And Veterans Hospital), Dimitrios, Lytras, Athanasia, Bamicha, Kyriakos Psarianos (Achillopoyleio General Hospital Of Volos), Anastasios Stefanopoulos (General Hospital Of Nafplio, Department Of Surgery), Ioannis, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Sfougaris, Gennimatas Hospital), Ioannis Valioulis (G., Dimitrios, Balalis, Dimitrios, Korkolis, Dimitrios, K Manatakis (Saint Savvas Cancer Hospital), Georgios, Kyrou, Georgios, Karabelias, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos (General And Oncological Hospital Of Kifissia-Athens), Kolonia, Konstantina, Nikolaos, Zampitis, Stylianos Germanos (General Hospital Of Larissa), Aspasia, Papailia, Theodosios, Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas (2nd Dept Of Surgery, Aretaieion, Hospital, National, &amp, Kapodistrian University Of Athens School Of Medicine), Magdalini, Mitroudi, Christina, Panteli, Thomas, Feidantsis, Gennimatas General Hospital), Konstantinos Farmakis (G., Dimitrios, Kyziridis, Orestis, Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi (4th Surgical Department, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki, General, Hospital, Papanikolaou), Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris (Attikon University Hospital), Michail Margaritis (Serres General Hospital), Guatemala: Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto, Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), Luis, Tale, Emmanuel Barrios (Juan Josè Arevalo Bermejo), Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez, Carlos Paz Galvez, Danilo Herrera Cruz (Hospital San Vicente), Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro, Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen (Hospital Herrera Llerandi), Haiti: Marie Paul, Angeline Charles (Hopital Universitaire De Mirebalais), Hong Kong SAR, China: Justin Chak Yiu Lam, Man Hon Andrew Yeung, Chi Ying Jacquelyn Fok, Ka Hin Gabriel Li, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk Hong Eric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng Bryan Lee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei, Dao, Stephanie Hiu-wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, TWC Mak (Prince Of Wales Hospital), Qinyang, Liu, Chi Chung Foo, James Yang (University Of Hong Kong), India: Basant Kumar, Ankur, Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya (Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Sciences), Sunil Kumar (Excelcare Hospital), Uday, Muddebihal, Wasim, Dar, KC Janardha (Manipal Hospital), Philip Alexander, Neerav Aruldas (Lady Willingdon Hospital), Indonesia: Fidelis Jacklyn Adella, Anthonius Santoso Rulie, Ferdy, Iskandar, Jonny Setiawan (Atma Jaya Hospital), Cicilia Viany Evajelista, Hani, Natalie, Oen Surakarta Hospital), Arlindawati Suyadi (Dr., Rudy, Gunawan, Herlin, Karismaningtyas, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih Mata, Ferry Fitriya Ayu Andika, Afifatun, Hasanah, T Ariani Widiastini, Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih, Annisa Dewi Fitriana Mukin, Dina Faizatur Rahmah, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, Hasbi Maulana Arsyad, Novia Adhitama (Rsd Dr Soebandi), Wifanto Saditya Jeo, Nathania, Sutandi, Audrey, Clarissa, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Matthew, Billy, Andreass, Haloho, Nadya, Johanna, Felix Lee (Rsupn Cipto Mangunkusumo), Ireland: Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin Dorani, Martha, Glynn, Mohammad, Alherz, Wennweoi, Goh, Shiwani, Haaris A., Lorraine, Sproule, Conlon (Tallaght Hospital, Kevin C., Trinity College Dublin) Israel: Miklosh Bala, Asaf Kedar (Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center), Italy: Luca Turati, Federica, Bianco, Francesca Steccanella (Treviglio Hospital), Gaetano, Gallo, Mario, Trompetto, Giuseppe Clerico (Department of Colorectal Surgery, Rita Clinic, S., Vercelli), Matteo, Papandrea, Giuseppe, Sammarco, Rosario Sacco (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario Mater Domini Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro), Luisa Giavarini (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Luigi, Bucci, Gianluca, Pagano, Viviana, Sollazzo, Roberto, Peltrini, Gaetano Luglio (Federico II University Of Naples), Arianna, Birindelli, Gregorio Tugnoli (Maggiore Hospital), Pietro, Mingrone, Domenica Pata (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital, Rossano), Francesco, Selvaggi, Lucio, Selvaggi, Gianluca, Pellino, Natale Di Martino (Universitá della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples), Gianluca, Curletti, Paolo, Aonzo, Raffaele Galleano (Ospedale Santa Corona, Pietra Ligure (SV)), Stefano, Berti, Elisa, Francone, Andrea Hospital, Silvia Boni (S., Poll-Asl, 5, Spezia), La, Lorenzon, Laura, Annalisa lo Conte, Genoveffa Balducci (Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome), Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti (Azienda Ospedaliera Alessandro Manzoni), Laura, Gavagna, Giorgio, Vasquez, Simone, Targa, Savino, Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara), Andrea, Armellini, Spedali Civili Di Brescia), Deborah Chiesa (A. O., Fabrizio, Aquilino, Nicola, Chetta, Arcangelo Picciariello (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico Di Bari), Mohamed, Abdelkhalek, Andrea, Belli, Silvia De Franciscis (Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione, Pascale-, I. R. C. C. S. )., Annamaria, Bigaran, Alessandro, Favero, 5 Friuli Occidentale), Stefano M. M Basso (Azienda Per L'assistenza Sanitaria N., Paola, Salusso, Martina, Perino, Sylvie, Mochet, Diego, Sasia, Francesco, Riente, Marco Migliore (Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera San Luigi Gonzaga), David, Merlini, Silvia, Basilicò, Carlo Corbellini (Ospedale Di Rho, - ASST Rhodense), Veronica, Lazzari, Luigi Bonavina (IRCCS Policlinico, University of Milano, San, Donato), Daniele, Angelieri, Diego, Coletta, Federica, Falaschi, Marco, Catani, Claudia, Reali, Mariastella, Malavenda, Celeste Del Basso, Sergio, Ribaldi, Massimo, Coletti, Andrea, Natili, Norma, Depalma, Immacolata, Iannone, Angelo, Antoniozzi, Davide Rossi (Policlinico Umberto, I Emergency Surgery Department), Daniele, Gui, Gerardo, Perrotta, Matteo, Ripa, Francesco Ruben Giardino, Maurizio Foco (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli), Erika, Vicario, Gabriela Elisa Nita (AO Papa Giovanni XXIII), Nicoletta, Leone, Anna Maffioli (Ospedale Sacco), Andrea, Simioni, Davide De Boni, Sandro Pasquali (IOV, - Istituto Oncologico Veneto), Elena, Goldin, Elena, Vendramin, Eleonora Ciccioli (Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova), Umberto, Tedeschi, Paola, Violi, Tommaso, Campagnaro, Simone, Conci, Giovanni, Lazzari, Calogero, Iacono, Alfredo, Gulielmi, Serena Manfreda (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona), Anna, Rinaldi, Maria Novella Ringressi, Beatrice Brunoni (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi), Giuseppe, Salamone, Mirko, Mangiapane, Paolino De Marco, Antonella La Brocca, Roberta, Tutino, Vania, Silvestri, Leo, Licari, Tommaso, Fontana, Nicolò, Falco, Gianfranco Cocorullo (Policlinico Paolo Giaccone di Palermo), Mostafa, Shalaby, Pierpaolo, Sileri, Claudio Arcudi (Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome) Jordan: Isam Bsisu, Khaled, Aljboor, Lana, Abusalem, Aseel, Alnusairat, Ahmad, Qaissieh, Emad, Al-Dakka, Ali, Ababneh, Oday Halhouli (Jordan University Hospital), Kenya: Taha Yusufali, Hussein Mohammed (Kenyatta National Hospital), Justus, Lando, Robert, Parker, Wairimu Ndegwa (Tenwek Hospital), Lithuania: Mantas Jokubauskas, Jolanta, Gribauskaite, Donatas Venskutonis (Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Justas, Kuliavas, Audrius, Dulskas, Samalavicius (Klaipeda University Hospital, Narimantas E., National Cancer Institute), Kristijonas, Jasaitis, Audrius, Parseliunas, Viktorija, Nevieraite, Evelina, Slapelyte, Edvinas, Dainius, Zilvinas, Dambrauskas, Andrejus, Subocius, Linas, Venclauskas, Antanas, Gulbinas, Simona, Kasputyte, Deimante, Mikuckyte, Mindaugas, Kiudelis, Tomas, Jankus, Steponas Petrikenas (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Matas, Pažuskis, Zigmantas, Urniežius, Mantas Vilčinskas (Republican Hospital of Kaunas), Vincas Jonas Banaitis, Vytautas, Gaižauskas, Edvard, Grisin, Povilas, Mazrimas, Mantas, Drungilas, Karolis, Lagunavicius, Vytautas, Lipnickas, Dovilè, Majauskyté, Tomas, Abaliksta, Laimonas, Uščinas, Gintaras, Simutis, Adomas, Ladukas, Donatas, Danys, Erikas, Laugzemys, Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene (Vilnius University Hospital), Petras, Višinskas, Reda, Žilinskienė, Deividas Dragatas (Hospital Of Jonava), Andrius Burmistrovas, Zygimantas Tverskis (Taurage Hospital), Arturas, Vaicius, Ruta, Mazelyte, Antanas Zadoroznas (Viesoji Istaiga Rokiskio Rajono Ligonine), Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė (Republican Hospital Of Klaipeda), Madagascar: Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra (Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Hospital), Malawi: Cornelius Mukuzunga, Vanessa, Msosa, Chimwemwe, Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska (Kamuzu Central Hospital), Malaysia: Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah (Hospital Keningau), Pui Xin Chin, Nur Zulaika Riswan (Kajang Hospital), Hoong-Yin, Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong, Poh, Chu-Ann, Chai, Sandip Kumar (University Malaya Medical Centre), Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre UKMMC), Rokayah, Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, Goh Ern Tze, R., Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali (Sarawak General Hospital), Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting (Hospital Sibu), Sii, Samuel S. Y., Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Har, Prisca A. L., Yishan Der (Hospital Sultanah Aminah), Yong Yong Tew, Fitjerald, Henry, Xinwei Low (Selayang Hospital), Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei, Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami, Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong (Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar), Kuhaendran, Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan (Hospital Keningau), Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo (Hospital Pulau Pinang, / Penang Medical College), Malta: Nicole Grech, Daniela, Magri, Kristina, Cassar, Christine, Mizzi, Malcolm, Falzon, Nihaal, Shaikh, Ruth, Scicluna, Stefan, Zammit, Sean, Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma, Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara, Grima, Keith, Sammut, Kurt, Carabott, Ciskje, Zarb, Andre, Navarro, Thea, Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac, Bertuello, Jeffrey, Dalli, Karl Bonavia (Mater Dei Hospital), Mexico: Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol, Manriquez-Reyes, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina (Hospital Español de Veracruz), Morocco: Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek, Hrora, Sarah, Benammi, Houda, Bachri, Meryem, Abbouch, Khaoula, Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader, Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche (IBN Sina Hospital) Netherlands: Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer (Ijsselland Hospital) Nicaragua: Javier Pastora, Greta, Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo (Hospital Escuela Oscar Danilo Rosales Arguello), Nigeria: Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji, Ayandipo, Taiwo, Lawal, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq (University College Hospital, Ibadan), Muslimat, Alada, Abdulrasheed, Nasir, James, Adeniran, Olufemi, Habeeb, Ademola Adeyeye (University Of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin), Ademola, Adebanjo, Adewale Adeniyi (Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, ), Henry, Mendel, Bashir, Bello, Umar Muktar (Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital), Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola, Oshati, George, Ihediwa, Babajide, Adenekan, Victor, Nwinee, Abdulrazzaq, Lawal, Chris, Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi (Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Oluwatomi, Odutola, Oluwaseyi, Adebola, Clement, Onuoha, Fatai, Balogun, Olalekan, Ajai, Iloba, Njokanma, Roland Osuoji (Lagos State University Teaching Hospital), Stephen, Kache, Jonathan, Ajah, Jerry Makama (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna), Ahmed, Adamu, Suleiman, Baba, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Aliyu, Yahaya, Ukwenya, Halima, Aliyu, Tunde, Sholadoye, Muhammad, Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria), Abdurrahaman, Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad (Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital), Samson, Olori, Philip, Mshelbwala, Garba, Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel (University Of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Anthony, Ajiboye, Isaac, Amole, Olajide, Abiola, Akin Olaolorun (Bowen University Teaching Hospital), Norway: Kjetil Søreide, Torhild, Veen, Arezo, Kanani, Kristian, Styles, Ragnar, Herikstad, Johannes Wiik Larsen, Jon Arne Søreide (Stavanger University Hospital), Elisabeth, Jensen, Mads, Gran, Eirik Kjus Aahlin (University Hospital Of Northern Norway), Tina, Gaarder, Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen, Pål Aksel Næss (Oslo University Hospital), Giedrius, Lauzikas, Joachim, Wiborg, Silje Holte (Sykehuset Telemark HF), Knut Magne Augestad, Gurpreet Singh Banipal, Thomas Tetens Moe, Johannes Kurt Schultz (Akershus University Hospital), Palestine: Taher Al-taher, Ayah, Hamdan, Ayman, Salman, Rana, Saadeh, Aseel, Musleh, Dana, Jaradat, Soha, Abushamleh, Sakhaa, Hanoun, Amjad Abu Qumbos, Aseel, Hamarshi, Ayman And Taher (Al Makassed Islamic Charitable Society Hospital, Jerusalem), Israa, Qawasmi, Khalid, Qurie, Marwa, Altarayra, Mohammad, Ghannam, Alaa, Shaheen, Azher Herebat (Alia Governmental Hospital), Aram, Abdelhaq, Ahmad, Shalabi, Maram, Abu-toyour, Fatema, Asi, Ala, Shamasneh, Anwar, Atiyeh, Mousa, Mustafa, Rula, Zaa'Treh, Majd Dabboor (Palestine Medical Complex), Enas, Alaloul, Heba, Baraka, Jehad, Meqbil, Alaa, Al-Buhaisi, Mohamedraed, Elshami, Samah, Afana, Sahar, Jaber, Said, Alyacoubi, Yousef Abuowda (Islamic University of Gaza Medical School, European Gaza Hospital &amp, Shifa, Hospital), Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider (Mizan hospital), Sara, Al-saqqa, Alaa, Bowabsak, Alaa El Jamassi, Doaa, Hasanain, Hadeel, Al-farram, Maram, Salah, Aya, Firwana, Marwa, Hamdan, Israa Awad (Al-Shifa Hospital), Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi (Bit Hanoun Hospital), Ahmed, Al-khatib, Maha, Al-faqawi, Mohamed Fares (Nasser Hospital), Amjad, Elmashala, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi (Beit Jala Governmental Hospital), Reem, Khreishi, Rose Khreishi (Martyr Thabet Govermental hospital, Tulkarem), Ahmad, Ashour, Ahed Ghaben (Indonesian Hospital, Gaza) Pakistan: Najwa Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain (Allied Hospital, Faisalabad), Jibran, Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Tanzeela, Gala, Noman Shahzad (Aga Khan University), Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Muhammad Talha Butt, Syed Asaat ul Razi, Asdaq, Ahmed, Ali Khan Niazi (Bahawal Victoria Hospital), Ibrahim, Raza, Fatima, Baluch, Ahmed, Raza, Ahmad, Bani-Sadar, Muhammad, Adil, Awais Raza (King Edward Medical University, Mayo, Hospital, Lahore), Mahnoor, Javaid, Muhammad, Waqar, Maryam Ali Khan (CMH Lahore Medical And Dental College), Mohammad Mohsin Arshad, Mohammadasim Amjad (Nishtar Medical College And Hospital), Paraguay: Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Marcelo O´Higgins Roche, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen Servin, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Larissa Ines Páez Lopez, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo (Hospital de Clínicas, II Cátedra de Clínica Quirúrgica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción) Peru: Fernando Espinoza, Angel David Pérez Rojas, Diana, Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar, Razuri, Nadia, Ortiz, Xianelle, Rodriguez, Nahilia, Carrasco, Fridiz, Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María, Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan, Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo (Hospital Nacional Arzopispo Loayza), Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena, Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen, Fernández, Bárbara, Málaga, Joselyn Ye (Hospital Cayetano Heredia), Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo (Clínica De Especialidades Médicas), Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo (Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen), Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin, Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson, Mas, Arazzelly del Pilar Paucar (Hospital Regional De Ayacucho), Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina, Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis (Hospital III José Cayetano Heredia), Kenny Turpo Espinoza (Hospital Nacional Maria Auxiliadora), José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta (Hospital De Policia), Mora, Philippines: John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maño (The Medical City), Maria Jesusa B., Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne Almanon (Department Of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University Of The Philippines Manila), Poland: Maciej Walędziak, Rafał, Roszkowski, Michał Janik (Department Of General, Oncological, Metabolic And Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute Of Medicine, Warsaw), Anna, Lasek, Piotr, Major, Dorota, Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz (2nd Department Of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College), Portugal: Cristina Fernandes, Renato Melo (Centro Hospitalar De São João), Romania: Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov), Amar Kourdouli, Mariuca Popa (Spital Judetean De Urgenta Din Craiova), Hogea Mircea (Spitalul Clinic Judetean Brasov), Mihaela, Vartic, Bogdan, Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Ionut, Negoi, Cezar Ciubotaru (Emergency Hospital of Bucharest), Allen Ingabire, Rwanda: J. C., Norbert Uzabumwana (University Teaching Hospital Of Kigali), Dieudonne Duhoranenayo (Kibungo Hospital), San Marino: Elio Jovine, Nicola, Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo (San Marino State Hospital), Saudi Arabia: Murad Aljiffry, Faisal, Idris, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Ashraf, Maghrabi, Aroub, Alkaaki, Sondos Turkustani (Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah) Eyad Khalifah, Adel, Albiety, Sarah, Sahel, Reham, Alshareef, Mohammed Najjar (Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and Oncology Center, Jeddah) Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed, Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi (King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah) Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed, Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz (King Fahad Medical City, Mazen, Hassanain, Basmah, Alhassan, Abdullah, Altamimi, Reem, Alyahya, Norah Al Subaie, Fatema Al Bastawis, Roaa Khan (King Khaled University Hospital), Serbia: Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana, Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic (Clinic For General Surgery, Clinical Center Nis), Singapore: Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Bettina, Lieske, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon, Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee (National University Hospital) South Africa: Kent Pluke, Britta, Dedekind, Puyearashid, Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton (Victoria Hospital Wynberg), Johanna, Joosten, Sanju, Sobnach, Liana, Roodt, Anthony, Sander, James, Pape, Richard Spence (Groote Schuur), Niveshni Maistry (Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital), Phumudzo, Ndwambi, Kamau, Kinandu, Myint Tun (Leratong Hospital), Frederick Du Toit, Quinn, Ellison, Sule, Burger, Grobler, Dc, Lawrence Bongani Khulu (Tembisa Tertiary Provincial Hospital), Rachel, Moore, Vicky, Jennings, Astrid Leusink (Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital), Nazmie, Kariem, Juan, Gouws, Kathryn, Chu, Heather, Bougard, Fazlin, Noor, Angela Dell (New Somerset Hospital), Stephanie Van Straten (Helen Joseph Hospital, University Of Witwatersrand), Arvin, Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo (Stanger Hospital), Yoshan, Moodley, Frank, Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba (Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital), Flip du Plooy (Mediclinic Potchefstroom), Leila, Hartford, Gareth, Chilton, Parveen Karjiker (Mitchell's Plain District Hospital), Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu (Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital), Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich (Milpark Hospital) Spain: Jaime Ruiz-Tovar (University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos), Luis, Garcia-Florez, Otero-Díez, Jorge L., Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez (Hospital Universitario San Agustín), Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem (Hospital Universitario de Getafe), Mariana, Gonzalez, Antonio, Picardo, Enrique, Esteban, Esther, Ferrero, Irene Ortega (Infanta Sofía University Hospital), Eloy, Espin-Basany, Ruth, Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola (Hospital Valle De Hebron), Elisa, Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Sandra, Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel, Dorismé, Joseluis, Rodicio, Aida, Suarez, Jessica, Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico (Central University Hospital Of Asturias), Laura, Fernandez-Vega, Carla, Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima, Sena-Ruiz, Natalia, Pujol-Cano, Paula, Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina, Pineño-Flores, David, Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea, Craus-Miguel, Patricia, Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella (Hospital Universitario Son Espases), B Jayathilake, Sri Lanka: A., Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B., Wijayarathna, L. S., Wimalge (University Surgical Unit, P. M. S. N., Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura), Kitts And Nevis: Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, St., Aliyu, Ndajiwo, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie (Joseph, N France Hospital) Sudan: Anmar Homeida, Abobaker, Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa, Abdulaziz, Ali, Mussad, Ali Adam (University of Gezira), Sweden: Yucel Cengiz, Ida, Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist (Sundsvall Hospital), Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen (Ersta Hospital), Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand (Mora Hospital), Hildur Thorarinsdottir (Helsingborgs Lasarett), Johanna, Sigurdadottir, Maziar, Nikberg, Abbas Chabok (Västmanlands Hospital Västerås), Maria Hjertberg (Department Of Surgery And Department Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine, Linköping, University, Norrköping, Sweden), Peter, Elbe, Deborah, Saraste, Wiktor, Rutkowski, Louise Forlin (Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Solna), Karoliina, Niska, Malin Sund (Umea University Hospital) Switzerland: Dennis Oswald, Georgios, Peros, Rafael, Bluelle, Katharina, Reinisch, Daniel, Frey, Adrian Palma (Gzo Spital Wetzikon), Lucius, Zumbühl, Markus Zuber (Kantonsspital Olten), Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder (Buergerspital Solothurn), Antonio, Nocito, Silke Mahanty (Kantonsspital Baden), Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia, Müller, Alissa Gübeli (Hospital Davos), Grzegorz Zuk (Gzo Spital Wetzikon), Turkey: Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Yuksel, Altinel, Talar Vartanoglu (Bagcilar Research And Training Hospital), Emin, Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin (Okmeydanı Training And Research Hospital), Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay, Halicioglu, Sadi Konuk Training And Research Hospital), Halil Alis (Bakirkoy Dr., Ipek, Sapci, Can, Adıyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan, Tansoker, Vedatcan, Işler, Muazzez, Cevik, Deniz, Mutlu, Volkan, Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa, Bayram, Sinem, Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu (Acibadem University School of Medicine, Atakent, Hospital), Kagan, Karabulut, Vahit, Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan (Ondokuz Mayis University Medical Faculty), Saban, Celik, Anil, Semiz, Selim, Bodur, Enisburak, Gül, Busra, Murutoglu, Reyyan, Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin, Arslan, Mehmet, Ulusahin, Ali Guner (Karadeniz Technical University Faculty Of Medicine), United Kingdom: Nathan Walker, Nikhita, Shrimanker, Simon Cole (Royal United Hospital Bath), Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan (Blackpool Victoria Hospital), Kristina, Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani (Watford General Hospital), Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair, Rocke, Lachlan, Dick, Mobeen Qureshi (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Debkumar Chowdhury (University Hospital Ayr), Naomi, Wright, Clare, Skerritt, Thomas' Hospitals), Dorothy Kufeji (Guy's And St., Adrienne, Ho, Tharindra, Dissanayake, Athula, Tennakoon, Wadah Ali (Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust), Charlene, Tan, Catrin Jones (Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy), Stephen, Knight, Dima, Nassif, Abhishek Sharma (Perth Royal Infirmary), Oliver, Warren, Rebecca, White, Aia, Mehdi, Nathan, Post, Eliana, Kalakouti, Enkhbat, Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton (Chelsea And Westminster Hospital), Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow (Northampton General Hospital), Francisca, Wong, Ashish, Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar (Queen's Hospital, BHR University Hospitals NHS Trust), Suraj, Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley (North Middlesex University Hospital), Rebecca, Wakefield, Philip, Herrod, James, Blackwell, Jonathan Lund (Royal Derby Hospital), Fraser, Cohen, Ashwath, Bandi, Stefano Giuliani (St George's Hospital), Giles, Bond-Smith, Neda, Farhangmehr, Miklos Perenyei (John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford), Philip, Ireland, Kirk, Bowling, David Bunting (Gloucestershire Royal Hospital), Lydia, Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh (Royal Devon &amp, Exeter, Hospital), Hyunjin, Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun, Khosla, Anna, Jeffery, James Perera (Maidstone &amp, Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust), Ella Teasdale (Western Isles Hospital), Tariq, Alhammali, Yahya Salama (Kettering General Hospital NHS Trust), Rakan Kabariti, Shaun Oram (Nevill Hall Hospital), Thomas, Kidd, Fraser, Cullen, Christopher, Owen, Michael, Wilson, Seehui, Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic (Ninewells Hospital), Jennifer, Ploski, Elizabeth, Evans, Athar, Abbas, Sylvia, Kamya, Norzawani, Ishak, Carly, Bisset, Cedar, Andress, Ye Ru Chin (Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley), Priya, Patel, David Evans (University Hospital, Wales), Anna Jeffery, James Perera (Maistone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust), Aidan, Haslegrave, Adam, Boggon, Kirsten, Laurie, Thomas Mann (Borders General Hospital), Anahita, Mansuri, Rachel, Davies, Ewen Griffiths (University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust), Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin, Eng, Farhat, Din, Ariadne, L'Heveder, Park, Esther H. G., Ramanish, Ravishankar, Kirsten, Mcintosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke, Chan, Susan McGarvie (Western General Hospital, Edinburgh), Lingshan, Tang, Hui, Lim, Suhhuey, Yap, Jay, Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh, Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke, Walls, Chloe, Roy, Simon, Paterson-Brown, Julian, Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth, Mclean, Michelle, S D'Souza, Savva, Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha (Norfolk And Norwich University Hospital), William, English, Catrin, Morgan, Dominic, Townsend, Laura, Maciejec, Shareef, Mahdi, Onyinye, Akpenyi, Elisabeth, Hall, Hanaan, Caydiid, Zakaria, Rob, Tom, Abbott, Hew, D Torrance (The Royal London Hospital), Gareth Irwin, Robin Johnston (Ulster Hospital Dundonald), Mohammed Akil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante (Leicester Royal Infirmary), Shivanchan, Rajmohan, Kiran, Majid, Christopher Smith (West Middlesex University Hospital), Madanmohan, Palliyil, Sanjay, Patel, Luke, Nicholson, Neil, Harvey, Katie, Baillie, Sam, Shillito, Suzanne, Kershaw, Rebecca, Bamford, Peter Orton (Stockport NHS Foundation Trust), Elke, Reunis, Wai Cheong Soon (Good Hope Hospital), Jama, Guled M., Dharminder, Dhillon, Khyati Patel (Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall), Shayanthan, Nanthakumaran, Rachel, Heard, Kar Yan Chen (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary), Behrad, Barmayehvar, Uttaran, Datta, Sivesh, K Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar (Heartlands Hospital), Sobhana Iftekhar Tani (Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust), Philippa, Donnelly, Michael Walker (Raigmore Hospital), Jehangirshaw, Parakh, Sarah, Blacker, Anil Kaul (Whiston Hospital), Arjun Paramasivan (Darlington Memorial Hospital), Sameh, Farag, Ashrafun, Nessa, Salwa Awadallah (Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospital NHS Foundation Trust), Jieqi, Lim, James Chean Khun Ng (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow), United States: Katherine Gash, Kiran, Ravi P., Alice Murray (New York Presbyterian Hospital, / Columbia University Medical Center), Mohini, Dasari, Juan Puyana (University Of Pittsburgh Medical Center, - Presbyterian), Nadeem, Haddad, Martin, Zielinski, Asad Choudhry (Mayo Clinic), Celeste, Caliman, Mieshia, Beamon, Therese Duane (John Peter Smith Hospital), Ragavan Narayanan, Mamta Swaroop (Northwestern Memorial Hospital / Northwestern University), Jonathan, Myers, Rebecca, Deal, Erik Schadde (Rush University Medical Centre), Mark, Hemmila, Kathleen To (University Of Michigan Medical Center) Zambia: Alex Makupe, Joseph, Musowoya, Mayaba Maimbo (Ndola Central Hospital), Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson, Kumwenda, Alex, Reece-Smith, Kars, Otten, Anna, Verbeek, Marloes Prins (St Francis Mission Hospital) Data validators (GlobalSurg-2) Argentina: Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez (Simplemente Evita), Ruben Balmaceda (Hospital Lagomaggiore), Barbados: Chelsea Deane (Queen Elizabeth Hospital), Croatia: Emilio Dijan (Zadar General Hospital), Egypt: Mahmoud Elfiky (Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University), Finland: Laura Koskenvuo (Helsinki University Hospital), France: Aurore Thollot (CHU Poitiers), Bernard Limoges (CHU Limoges), Carmen Capito (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Challine Alexandre (Hopital Cochin, Henri Kotobi (Trousseau Hospital, Julien Leroux (CHU Rouen), Kalitha Pinnagoda (CHU Toulouse), Nicolas Henric (CHU Angers), Olivier Azzis (CHU Rennes), Olivier Rosello (CHU Nice), Poddevin Francois (GHICL), Sara Etienne (CHU Saint Etienne), Philippe Buisson (CHU Amiens Picardie), Sophian Hmila (Hopital Robert Ballanger, Ghana: Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), Osman Imoro (Baptist Medical Centre), Owusu Emmanuel Abem (Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Paul Wondoh (Upper West Regional Hospital), Greece: Dimitrios Papageorgiou (Naval And Veterans Hospital Of Athens), Vasiliki Soulou (Anticancer Hospital Of Athens Agios Savvas), Guatemala: Sabrina Asturias (Hospital Herrera Llerandi Amedesgua), Lenin Peña (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), India: Basant Kumar (Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute Of Medical College Lucknow), Ireland: Donal B O’Connor (Tallaght Hospital, Trinity College Dublin), Italy: Alberto Realis Luc (Santa Rita Clinic, Alfio Alessandro Russo (Treviglio Hospital), Andrea Ruzzenente (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona), Antonio Taddei (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi), Camilla Cona (IOV, - Istituto Oncologico Veneto), Corrado Bottini (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Giovanni Pascale (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara), Giuseppe Rotunno (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital, Leonardo Solaini (University Of Brescia, Spedali Civili Di Brescia, ), Marco Maria Pascale (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli', ), Margherita Notarnicola (University Of Bari 'Aldo Moro'), Mario Corbellino (Ospedale Luigi Sacco Milano), Michele Sacco (Federico II University of Naples), 5 'Friuli Occidentale', Paolo Ubiali (Azienda per L'Assistenza Sanitaria N., Pordenone), Roberto Cautiero (Second University Of Naples), Tommaso Bocchetti (Sant’Andrea Hospital, Andrea Hospital, Elena Muzio (S., Vania Guglielmo (Policlinico Umberto I, Emergency Surgery Department), Eugenio Morandi (Ospedale di Rho, – ASST Rhodense), Patrizio Mao (San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano), Emilia De Luca (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Jordan: Farah Mahmoud Ali (Jordan University Hospital), Margherita Notarnicola (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico Di Bari)., Lithuania: Justas Žilinskas (Klaipeda Republic), Kestutis Strupas (Vilnius University Hospital), Paulius Kondrotas (Taurage County Hospital), Robertas Baltrunas (Rokiskis District Municipality Hospital), Juozas Kutkevicius (Department Of General Surgery, Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Povilas Ignatavicius (Hospital Of Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics), Malaysia: Choy Ling Tan (Hospital Sultanah Aminah), Jia Yng Siaw (Hospital Sibu), Sir Young Yam (Penang Medical College), Ling Wilson (Sarawak General Hospital), Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz (University Malaya Medical Centre), Malta: John Bondin (Mater Dei Hospital), Mexico: Carmina Diaz Zorrilla (Hospital Espanol De Veracruz), Morocco: Anass Majbar (Centre Hospitalier Ibn Sina Rabat), Nigeria: Danjuma Sale (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital), Lawal Abdullahi (Aminu KanoTeaching Hospital), Olabisi Osagie (University Of Abuja Teaching Hospital), Omolara Faboya (Lagos State Teaching Hospital), Adedeji Fatuga (Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Agboola Taiwo (Babcock University Teaching Hospital), Emeka Nwabuoku (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital), Norway: Marte Bliksøen (Oslo University Hospital), Pakistan: Zain Ali Khan (Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur), Paraguay: Jazmin Coronel (Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción) Peru: Cesar Miranda (Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia), Idelso Vasquez (Lima Almenara), Helguero-Santin (Hospital Regional III Jose Cayetano Heredia – Piura), Luis M., Rwanda: Jennifer Rickard (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Kigali), Romania: Aurel Mironescu (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov), Saint Kitts and Nevis: Adesina Adedeji (Joseph, N France Hospital), Saudi Arabia: Saleh Alqahtani (King Fahad General Hospital), South Africa: Max Rath (Groote Schuur Hospital), Michael Van Niekerk (New Somerset Hospital), Modise Zacharia Koto (Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital), Roel Matos-Puig (Stanger Hospital), Sweden: Leif Israelsson (Sundsvall), Switzerland: Tobias Schuetz (Kantonsspital Olten), Turkey: Mahmut Arif Yuksek (Ondokuz Mayis University), Meric Mericliler (Acibadem University School of Medicine, Mehmet Uluşahin (Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Hospital), United Kingdom: Bernhard Wolf (Raigmore Hospital Inverness), Cameron Fairfield (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Guo Liang Yong (Perth Royal Infirmary), Katharine Whitehurst (Royal Devon And Exeter), Michael Wilson (Ninewells Hospital And Medical School), Natalie Redgrave (John Radcliffe Hospital, Caroluce, K Musyoka (Royal Alexandra Hospital), James Olivier (Royal United Hospital Bath), Kathryn Lee (Queen Elizabeth Birmingham), Michael Cox (Royal Derby Hospital), Muhamed M, H Farhan-Alanie (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Rory Callan (North Middlesex University Hospital) Zambia: Chali Chibuye (Ndola Central Hospital) Protocol translators (GlobalSurg-2) Arabic, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine, Rekhis, Muna, Rommaneh, Oday, Halhouli, Chinese, Zi Hao Sam, Jacky Hong Chieh Chen, French, Dylan, Roi, Greek, Vasileios Kalles, Italian, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Portuguese, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel, Pardo, Spanish, Ruth, Blanco, Eugenio Grasset, Escobar., Gallo, Gaetano, Adisa, A. O., Costas-Chavarri, A., Allen-Ingabire, J. C., Lilford, R. J., Harrison, E. M., Pinkney, T. D., Verjee, A., Runigamugabo, E., Altamini, A., Borda-Luque, G., Cornick, J., Fitzgerald, J. E., Kirby, A., Mihaljevic, A. L., Morton, D., Ntirenganya, F., Ots, R., Shaw, C. A., Khatri, C., Gobin, N., Freitas, A. V., Hall, N., Kim, S. -H., Negida, A., Jaffry, Z., Chapman, S. J., Arnaud, A. P., Tabiri, S., Recinos, G., Manipal, C. E., Mohan, M., Amandito, R., Shawki, M., Hanrahan, M., Zilinskas, J., Roslani, A. C., Goh, C. C., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Irwin, G., Shu, S., Luque, L., Shiwani, H., Altamimi, A., Alsaggaf, M. U., Spence, R., Rayne, S., Jeyakumar, J., Raptis, D. A., Glasbey, J. C., Modolo, M. M., Iyer, D., King, S., Arthur, T., Nahar, S. N., Waterman, A., Walsh, M., Agarwal, A., Zani, A., Firdouse, M., Rouse, T., Liu, Q., Correa, J. C., Salem, H. K., Talving, P., Worku, M., Kalles, V., Kumar, B., Kumar, S., Quek, R., Pata, F., Ansaloni, L., Altibi, A., Venskutonis, D., Poskus, T., Whitaker, J., Msosa, V., Tew, Y. Y., Farrugia, A., Borg, E., Ramos-De La Medina, A., Bentounsi, Z., Soreide, K., Gala, T., Al-Slaibi, I., Tahboub, H., Alser, O. H., Romani, D., Major, P., Mironescu, A., Bratu, M. R., Kourdouli, A., Ndajiwo, A., Altwijri, A., Gudal, A., Jubran, A. F., Seisay, S., Lieske, B., Ortega, I., Senanayake, K. J., Abdulbagi, O., Altinel, Y., Kong, C., Teasdale, E., Stoddart, M., Kabariti, R., Suresh, S., Gash, K., Narayanan, R., Maimbo, M., Fermani, C., Macdermid, E., Chenn, R., Yong, C. O., Edye, M., Jarmin, M., D'Amours, S. K., Youssef, D., Phillips, N., Brown, J., George, R., Koh, C., Warren, O., Hanley, I., Dickfos, M., Nawara, C., Ofner, D., Primavesi, F., Mitul, A. R., Mahmud, K., Hussain, M., Hakim, H., Kumar, T., Oosterkamp, A., Assouto, P. A., Lawani, I., Souaibou, Y. I., Tun, A. K., Chong, C. L., Devadasar, G. H., Qadir, M. R. M., Aung, K. P., Yeo, L. S., Castillo, V. D. P., Munhoz, M. M., Moreira, G., De Castro Segundo, L. C. B., Ferreira, S. A. K., Careta, M. C., Kim, S. B., De Sousa, A. V., Cury, A. D. L., Miguel, G. P. S., De Freitas, A. V. C., Silvestre, B. P., Vianna, J. G. P., Felipe, C. O., Laufer, L. A. V., Altoe, F., Da Silva, L. A., Pimenta, M. L., Giuriato, T. F., Morais, P. A. B., Luiz, J. S., Araujo, R., Menegussi, J., Leal, M., De Lima, C. V. B., Tatagiba, L. S., Leal, A., Dos Santos, D. V., Fraga, G. P., Simoes, R. L., Stock, S., Nigo, S., Kabba, J., Ngwa, T. E., Azzie, G., Kushwaha, S., Bailey, K., Cameron, B., Livingston, M., Horobjowsky, A., Deckelbaum, D. L., Razek, T., Marinkovic, B., Grasset, E., D'Aguzan, N., Jimenez, J., Macchiavello, R., Zhang, Z., Guo, W., Oh, J., Zheng, F., Montes, I., Sierra, S., Mendez, M., Villegas, M. I., Arango, M. C. M., Mendoza, I., Aristizabal, F. A. N., Botero, J. A. M., Riaza, V. M. Q., Restrepo, J., Morales, C., Cruz, H., Munera, A., Karlo, R., Domini, E., Mihanovic, J., Radic, M., Zamarin, K., Pezelj, N., Hache-Marliere, M., Lemaire, S. B., Rivas, R., Khyrallh, A., Hassan, A., Shimy, G., Fahmy, M. A. B., Nabawi, A., Elfil, M., Ghoneem, M., Gohar, M. E. S. A. M., Asal, M., Abdelkader, M., Gomah, M., Rashwan, H., Karkeet, M., Gomaa, A., Hasan, A., Elgebaly, A., Saleh, O., Fattah, A. A., Gouda, A., Elshafay, A. E., Gharib, A., Menshawy, A., Hanafy, M., Al-Mallah, A., Abdulgawad, M., Baheeg, M., Alhendy, M., Fattah, I. A., Kenibar, A., Osman, O., Gemeah, M., Mohammed, A., Adel, A., Sayed, A., Abozaid, M., El-Badri Kotb, A. H., Ata, A. A. A., Nasr, M., Alkammash, A., Saeed, M., El Hamid, N. A., Attia, A. M., El Galeel, A. A., Elbanby, E., El-Dien, K. S., Hantour, U., Alahmady, O., Mansour, B., Elkorashy, A. M., Taha, E. M. S., Lasheen, K. T., Elkolaly, S. S., Abdel-Wahab, N. Y. E., Abozyed, M. A. F., Saeed, A. M., El Sayed, G. S., Youssif, J. H., Ahmed, S. M., El-Shahat, N. S., Khedr, A. E. R. H., Elsebaaye, A. O., Elzayat, M., Abdelraheim, M., Elzayat, I., Warda, M., El Deen, K. N., Elnemr, A. E., Salah, O., Abbas, M., Rashad, M., Elzayyat, I., Hemeda, D., Tawfik, G., Salama, M., Khaled, H., Seisa, M., Elshaer, K., Hussein, A., Elkhadrawi, M., Afifi, A. M., Ebrahim, O. S., Metwally, M. M., Elmelegy, R., Elsawahly, D. M. E., Safa, H., Nofal, E., Elbermawy, M., Ghazy, A. A., Samih, H., Abdelgelil, A., Abdelghany, S., Kholy, A. E., Aboraya, M., Elkady, F., Salma, M., Samy, S., Fakher, R., Aboarab, A., Samir, A., Sakr, A., Haroun, A., Al-Aarag, A. A. R., Elkholy, A., Elshanwany, S., Ghanem, E., Tammam, A., Hammad, A. M., Shoura, Y. E., Ashal, G. E., Antar, S., Mehrez, S., Abdelshafy, M., Hamad, M. G. M., Hosh, M., Abdallah, E., Magdy, B., Alzayat, T., Gamaly, E., Elfeki, H., Abouzahra, A., Elsheikh, S., Elgendy, F. I., El-Salam, F. A., Seifelnasr, O., Ammar, M., Eysa, A., Sadek, A., Toeema, A. G., Nasr, A., Abuseif, M., Zidan, H., Barakat, S. A. E., Elsayed, N., Elrasoul, Y. A., Elkelany, A., Ammar, M. S., Mustafa, M. -A., Hegazy, Y., Etman, M., Saad, S., Alrahawy, M., Raslan, A., Morsi, M., Rslan, A., Sabry, A., Elwakil, H., Shaker, H., Abd-Elrasoul, Y., El-Kashef, H., Shaalan, M., Tarek, A., Elwan, A., Nayel, A. R., Seif, M., Emadeldin, D., Ghonaim, M. A., Almallah, A., Fouad, A., Sayma, E. A., Elbatahgy, A., El-Ma'doul, A. S., Mosad, A., Tolba, H., Elsorogy, D. E. A. A., Mostafa, H. A., Omar, A. A., El Hameed, O. S. A., Lasheen, A., El Salam, Y. A., Morsi, A., Ismail, M., El-Badawy, H. A., Amer, M. A., El-Hamouly, A. S., Attallah, N. A., Mosalum, O., Afandy, A., Mokhtar, A., Abouelnasr, A., Ayad, S., Shaker, R., Sakr, R., Amreia, M., Elsobky, S., Mustafa, M., Magd, A. A. E., Marey, A., Hafez, A. T., Zalabia, M. F., Mohamed, M. M., Fadel, A., Ahmed, E. A., Ali, A., Alwafai, M. G., Dwydar, A., Kharsa, S., Mamdouh, E., El-Sheemy, H., Al Youssef, I., Aly, A. K., Aldalaq, A., Alnawam, E., Alkhabbaz, D., Saad, M., Hussein, S., Elazayem, A. A., Meshref, A., Elashmawy, M., Mousa, M., Nashaat, A., Ghanem, S., Elsayed, Z. M., Elwaey, A., Elkadsh, I., Darweesh, M., Mohameden, A., Hafez, M., Badr, A., Badwy, A., Slam, M. A. E., Elazoul, M., Al-Nahrawi, S., Eldamaty, L., Nada, F., Ameen, M., Hagar, A., Elsehimy, M., Dawoud, H., Mesery, S. E., Gendy, A. E., Abdelkareem, A., Marey, A. S., Allam, M., Shehata, S., Abozeid, K., Elshobary, M., Fahiem, A., Sarsik, S., Hashish, A., Zidan, M., Hashish, M., Aql, S., Elhendawy, A. O. A., Husseini, M., Kasem, E., Gheith, A., Elfouly, Y., Soliman, A. R., Ibrahim, Y., Elfouly, N., Fawzy, A., Rashid, M., Elsherbiny, A. S., Sieda, B., Badwi, N. M., Mohammed, M. M. H., Mohamed, O., Habeeb, M. A., Starr, N., Desta, S., Wondimu, S., Abebe, N. S., Thomas, E., Asele, F. A., Dabessa, D., Zerihun, A. B., Scalabre, A., Frade, F., Irtan, S., Graffeille, V., Gaignard, E., Alimi, Q., Graffieille, V., Abbo, O., Mouttalib, S., Bouali, O., Hervieux, E., Aigrain, Y., Botto, N., Faure, A., Fievet, L., Panait, N., Eyssartier, E., Schmitt, F., Podevin, G., Parent, V., Martin, A., Muller, C., Bonnard, A., Peycelon, M., Abantanga, F., Boakye-Yiadom, K., Bukari, M., Owusu, F., Awuku-Asabre, J., Bray, L. D., Lytras, D., Psarianos, K., Bamicha, A., Kefalidi, E., Gemenetzis, G., Dervenis, C., Gouvas, N., Agalianos, C., Kontos, M., Kouraklis, G., Karousos, D., Germanos, S., Marinos, C., Anthoulakis, C., Nikoloudis, N., Mitroudis, N., Estupinian, S., Forno, W., Azmitia, J. R. A., Cabrera, C. C. R., Guevara, R., Aguilera, M., Mendez, N., Mendizabal, C. A. A., Ramazzini, P., Urquizu, M. C., Tale, F., Soley, R., Barrios, E., Rodriguez, D. E. M., Velasquez, C. I. P., Merida, S. M. C., Regalado, F., Lopez, M., Siguantay, M., Prasad, S. S., Kirishnan, A., Gyanchandani, N., Kumar, B. S., Rangarajan, M., Bhat, S., Sreedharan, A., Kinnera, S. V., Reddy, Y., Venugopal, C., Mittal, A., Nadkarni, S., Lakshmi, H. N., Malik, P., Limaye, N., Pai, S., Jain, P., Khajanchi, M., Satoskar, S., Satoskar, R., Mahamood, A. B., Rahmawati, F. N., Mayasari, M., Al-Hasani, R. K. M. J., Al-Hameedi, H. I. I., Ibraheem, H. I., Al-Azraqi, I. A. A., Sabeeh, L., Kamil, R., Telfah, M. M., Rasendran, A., Sheehan, J., Kerley, R., Normile, C., Gilbert, R. W., Song, J., Dablouk, M., Mauro, L., Dablouk, M. O., Kielty, P., Marks, E., Gosling, S., Mccarthy, M., Mirghani, D., Naqvi, S. A., Wong, C. S., Chung, S., D'Cruz, R., Cahill, R., Gosling, S. G., Fahy, C., Cadogan, D. D., Powell, A., Clifford, C., Driscoll, A., Paul, S., Lee, C., Bowe, R., Hutch, W., Mohan, H., O'Neill, M., Mealy, K., Danelli, P., Bondurri, A., Maffioli, A., Pasini, M., Pata, G., Roncali, S., Silvani, P., Carlucci, M., Faccincani, R., Bonavina, L., Macchitella, Y., Ceriani, C., Tugnoli, G., Saverio, S. D., Khattab, K., Paludi, M. A., Pata, D., Cloro, L. M., Allegri, A., Coccolini, F., Veronese, E., Bortolasi, L., Hasheminia, A., Nastri, G., Canto, M. D., Cucumazzo, S., Benevento, A., Tessera, G., Grandinetti, P. P., Maniscalco, A., Lamanna, G. L., Turati, L., Sgroi, G., Rausa, E., Villa, R., Monteleone, M., Merlini, D., Grassi, V., Cirocchi, R., Cacurri, A., Waleed, H., Diab, A., Elzowawi, F., Jokubauskas, M., Varkalys, K., Pranevicius, R., Ambrozeviciute, V., Juciute, S., Skardziukaite, A., Bradulskis, S., Urbanavicius, L., Austraite, A., Riauka, R., Dambrauskas, Z., Karumnas, P., Rudzenskaite, A., Usaityte, A., Montrimaite, M., Kaselis, N., Strazdas, A., Jokubonis, K., Maceviciute, K., Beisa, V., Strupas, K., Laugzemys, E., Kolosov, A., Jotautas, V., Rakita, I., Mikalauskas, S., Kazanavicius, D., Rackauskas, R., Rakauskas, R., Preckailaite, E., Coomber, R., Johnson, K., Nowers, J., Periasammy, D., Salleh, A., Das, A., Tze, R. G. E., Kumar, M. N., Abdullah, N. A. N., Kosai, N. R., Taher, M., Rajan, R., Chong, H. Y., Agius, M., Bezzina, M., Bugeja, R., Vella-Baldacchino, M., Spina, A., Psaila, J., Francois-Coridon, H., Tolg, C., Colombani, J. -F., Diaz-Zorrilla, C., Gonzalez, S. C. -D., Jacobe, M., Mapasse, D., Snyder, E., Oumer, R., Osman, M., Mohammad, A., Anyanwu, L. -J., Sheshe, A., Adesina, A., Faturoti, O., Taiwo, O., Ibrahim, M. H., Nasir, A. A., Suleiman, S. I., Adeniyi, A., Adesanya, O., Adebanjo, A., Osuoji, R., Atobatele, K., Ogunyemi, A., Williams, O., Oludara, M., Oshodi, O., Lawal, A. O., Alakaloko, F., Elebute, O., Osinowo, A., Bode, C., Adesuyi, A., Tade, A., Adekoya, A., Nwokoro, C., Ayandipo, O. O., Lawal, T. A., Ajao, A. E., Ali, S. S., Odeyemi, B., Olori, S., Popoola, A., Adeyeye, A., Adeniran, J., Lossius, W. J., Havemann, I., Thorsen, K., Narvestad, J. K., Wold, T. B., Nymo, L., Elsiddig, M., Dar, M., Bhopal, K. F., Iftikhar, Z., Furqan, M. M., Nighat, B., Jawaid, M., Khalique, A., Zil-E-Ali, A., Rashid, A., Dharamshi, H. A., Naqvi, T., Faraz, A., Anwar, A. W., Yaseen, T. M., Shamsi, G. S., Anwer, W., Decoud, H. P., Aguilera, O., Alvarez, I. I. Z., Delgado, J. M., Vega, G. M. M., Lohse, H. A. S., Aguilar, W. L. M., Chiong, J. A. C., Bautista, A. C. M., Huaman, E., Zegarra, S., Camacho, R., Celis, J. M. V., Pozo, D. A. R., Hamasaki, J., Temoche, E., Herrera-Matta, J., Torres, C. P. G., Barreda, L. M. A., Ojeda, R. R. B., Garaycochea, O., Mollo, M. C., De Fa Tima Linares Delgado, M. S., Fujii, F., Durand, S. Y. A., Basto, C. A. A., Rojas, N. M. U., Yip, S. B. S., Vergara, A. L. C., Moran, A. E. R., Luque, G. B., Castro, M. R., Jaramillo, R. A., Sila, G. M., Lopez, C. E., De Leon, M. Z. P., Machaca, M., Huaraya, R. C., Arenas, A., Puma, C. M. H., Pino, W., Hinojosa, C., Limache, S., Rodriguez, L. -A. M., Melo, R., Costa-Maia, J., Muralha, N., Sauvat, F., Dan, I., Hogea, M., Eduard, P., Bratu, R. -M., Beuran, M., Diaconescu, I. -B., Martian, B. -V., Iordache, F. -M., Vartic, M., Vida, L. C., Muntean, L. I., Mironescu, A. S., Nsengimana, V. J. P., Niragire, A., De La Croix Allen Ingabire, J., Niyirera, E., Zanini, N., Jovine, E., Landolfo, G., Alomar, I. N., Alnuqaydan, S. A., Altwigry, A. M., Othman, M., Osman, N., Alqahtani, E., Alzahrani, M., Alyami, R., Aljohani, E., Alhabli, I., Mikwar, Z., Almuallem, S., Nawawi, A., Bakhaidar, M., Maghrabi, A. A., Aljiffry, M., Altaf, A., Khoja, A., Habeebullah, A., Akeel, N., Ghandora, N., Almoflihi, A., Huwait, A., Al-Shammari, A., Al-Mousa, M., Alghamdi, M., Adham, W., Albeladi, B., Alfarsi, M. A., Mahdi, A., Awwad, S. A., Nouh, T., Hassanain, M., Aldhafeeri, S., Sadig, N., Algohary, O., Aledrisy, M., Alrifaie, A., Alrowais, M., Althwainy, A., Shabkah, A., Alamoudi, U., Alrajraji, M., Alghamdi, B., Aljohani, S., Daqeeq, A., Al-Faifi, J. J., Jennings, V., Ngayu, N., Moore, R., Kong, V., Kretzmann, H., Connor, K., Nel, D., Sampson, C., Panieri, E., Sishuba, N., Tun, M., Mphatsoe, A. M., Carreira, J. -A., Wagener, M., Botes, S., Plessis, D. D., Fernandez-Bueno, F., Aguilar-Jimenez, J., Garcia-Marin, J. A., Garcia, L. S., Florez, L. J. G., Pacheco, R. D. A., Pagnozzi, J., Quezada, J. H. J., Rodicio, J. L., Minguez, G., Rodriguez-Uria, R., Ugalde, P., Lopez-Arevalo, C., Barneo, L., Stuva, J. P. G., Rodriguez, L., Herrera, N., Arachchi, P. P., Senanayake, W. S. M. K. J., Arachchige, L. A. J. J., Sivaganesh, S., Samaraweera, D. I., Thanusan, V., Ali, H., Elabdin, H. Z., Mahdi, S., Ahmed, H., Idris, S. A. I., Elsayed, M., Mahmoud, M., Gustafsson, U., Kiasat, A., Wogensen, F., Jurdell, E., Thorell, A., Thorarinsdottir, H., Utter, M., Sundstrom, S. M., Wredberg, C., Kjellin, A., Nyberg, J., Frisk, B., Sund, M., Andersson, L., Gunnarsson, U., Cengiz, Y., Ahlqvist, S., Bjorklund, I., Royson, H., Weber, P., Pahlsson, H. -I., Borin, E., Hjertberg, M., Schmid, R., Schivo, D., Despotidis, V., Breitenstein, S., Staerkle, R. F., Schadde, E., Deichsel, F., Gerosa, A., Nocito, A., Mijuskovic, B., Zuber, M., Eisner, L., Kruspi, S., Reinisch, K. B., Schoewe, C., Novak, A., Palma, A. F., Teufelberger, G., Kimaro, M., King, R., Balkan, A. Z. A., Gumar, M., Yavuz, M. A., Karabacak, U., Lap, G., Ozkan, B. B., Karakahya, M., Adams, R., Morton, R., Henderson, L., Gratton, R., Clement, K. D., Chang, K. Y. -C., Mcnish, D., Mcintosh, R., Milligan, W., Skelly, B., Anderson-Knight, H., Lawther, R., Onimowo, J., Shatkar, V., Tharmalingam, S., Woin, E., Fautz, T., Ziff, O., Dindyal, S., Arman, S., Talukder, S., Gadhvi, V., Chew, L. S., Heath, J., Blencowe, N., Hallam, S., Mannu, G. S., Zachariades, D. -C., Snaith, A. C., Hettiarachchi, T. S., Nesaratnam, A., Wheeler, J., Mccullagh, D., Clements, J. M., Khan, A., Koumpa, F., Neophytou, C., Roth, J., Soon, W. C., Deputy, M., Ahmed, A., Ashton, A., Vincent, J., Almy, J., Khan, T., Allen, J. L. Y., Mcintyre, C. J., Marshall, D. C., Sykes, M., Behar, N., Jordan, H., Rajjoub, Y., Sherman, T., White, T., Watts, A., Ardley, R., Arulampalam, T., Shah, A., Brown, D., Blower, E., Sutton, P., Gasteratos, K., Vimalachandran, D., Magee, C., Mcguigan, A., Mcaleer, S., Morgan, C., Braungart, S., Lafferty, K., Labib, P., Tanase, A., Mangan, C., Reza, L., Woodward, H., Gouldthorpe, C., Turner, M., Wild, J. R. L., Malik, T. A. M., Proctor, V. K., Hewage, K., Davies, J., Dubois, A., Sarwary, S., Zardab, A., Grant, A., Mcintyre, R., Mogan, Y. P., Ho, W., Chong, B. F. H. K., Tewari, S., Humm, G., Farinella, E., Hall, N. J., Wright, N. J., Major, C. P., Xerri, T., De Bono, P., Amin, J., Farhad, M., Camilleri-Brennan, J. F., Robertson, A. G. N., Swann, J., Richards, J., Jabbar, A., Attard, M., Burns, H., Macdonald, E., Baldacchino, M., Skehan, J., Camilleri-Brennan, J., Hall, T. F., Gimzewska, M., Mclachlan, G., Shah, J., Giles, J., Chiu, S., Weber, B., Chiu, S. M. Y., Highcock, S., Hassan, M., Beasley, W., Vlachogiorgos, A., Dias, S., Maharaj, G., Mcdonald, R., Macdonald, A., Witherspoon, P., Baird, A., Sarmah, P., Green, N., Youssef, H., Cross, K., Rees, C. M., Van Duren, B., Upchurch, E., Khan, K., Abudeeb, H., Hammad, A., Karandikar, S., Bowley, D., Karim, A., Chachulski, W., Richardson, L., Dawnay, G., Thompson, B., Mistry, A., Bhangu, A., Ghetia, M., Roy, S., Al-Obaedi, O., Das, K., Prabhudesai, A., Cocker, D. M., Tan, J. J., Tyler, R., Franco, F. D., Ayyar, S., Vivekanantham, S., Gokani, S., Gillespie, M., Gudlaugsdottir, K., Pezas, T., Currow, C., Kim, M. Y. -H., Birring, A., Edwards, J., Das, S., Jha, M., Atkinson, K., Luck, J., Fozard, T., Puttick, M., Salama, Y., Shah, R., Ibrahem, A. A., Ebdewi, H., Gravante, G., El-Rabaa, S., Nnajiuba, H., Allott, R., Bhargava, A., Chan, Z., Hassan, Z., Makinde, M., Hemingway, D., Dean, R., Boddy, A., Aber, A., Patel, V., Parakh, J., Parthiban, S., Ubhi, H. K., Hosein, S. -P., Ward, S., Malik, K., Jennings, L., Newton, T., Alkhouri, M., Kang, M. K., Houlden, C., Barry, J., Raza, I., Farquharson, A., Bhattacharya, S., Wilson, M. S. J., Neo, Y. N., Ibrahim, I., Chan, E., Peck, F. S., Lim, P. J., North, A. S., Blundell, R., Williamson, A., Fouad, D., Minocha, A., Mccarthy, K., Court, E., Chambers, A., Yee, J., Tham, J. C., Beaton, C., Walsh, U., Lockey, J., Bokhari, S., Howells, L., Griffiths, M., Yallop, L., Singh, S., Nasher, O., Jackson, P., Shariffuddin, A. M., Ho, W. C., Pabla, G., Ramzi, S., Zeidan, S., Doughty, J., Sinha, S., Davenport, R., Lewis, J., Duffy, L., Mcaleer, E., Williams, E., Som, R., Javed, O., Boal, M., Harrison, N., Tafazal, H., Brogden, T., Griffiths, E., Obute, R. D., Glover, T. E., Clark, D. J., Boshnaq, M., Akhtar, M., Capleton, P., Doughan, S., Rabie, M., Mohamed, I., Samuel, D., Dickson, L., Kennedy, M., Dempster, E., Brown, E., Maple, N., Monaghan, E., Wolf, B., Garland, A., Mcphee, A., Anderson, D., Anderson, R., Hassan, S., Smith, D., Lund, J., Boereboom, C., Murphy, J., Tierney, G., Tou, S., Zimmermann, E. F., Smart, N. J., Warwick, A. M., Stasinou, T., Daniels, I., Findlay-Cooper, K., Mitrasinovic, S., Ray, S., Varcada, M., D'Souza, R., Omara, S., Spurr, M., Parkinson, L., Hanks, A., Ma, J., Abington, E., Ramcharn, M., Williams, G., Winstanley, J., Kennedy, E. D., Yeung, E. N. W., Fergusson, S. J., Jones, C., Lim, S. J., Liew, I., Nair, H., Fairfield, C., Koh, S., Wilson, A., Anandkumar, D., Kirupagaran, A., Jones, T. F., Torrance, H. D., Fowler, A. J., Chandrakumar, C., Patel, P., Ashraf, S. F., Lakhani, S. M., Mclean, A. L., Basson, S., Batt, J., Bowman, C., Benons, N., Mason, C., Harrison, R., Quayle, J., Barker, T., Summerour, V., Harper, E., Smith, C., Hampton, M., Pitt, S. K., Ward, A. E., O'Connor, T., Heywood, E. G., Drake, T. M., Chowdhury, A., Hossaini, S., Watson, N. F., Mckechnie, D., Farah, A., Chun, A., Koh, H., Lim, G., Sunderland, G., Gould, L., Munipalle, P. C., Rooney, H., Browning, D. R. L., Pereira, B., Nemeth, K., Decker, E., Giuliani, S., Shalaby, A., Shaikh, S., Tan, C. Y., Palkhi, E. Y. A., Szczap, A., Chidambaram, S., Chen, C. Y., Kulasabanathan, K., Chhabra, S., Kostov, E., Harbord, P., Barnacle, J., Palliyil, M. M., Zikry, M., Porter, J., Raslan, C., Hafiz, S., Soltani, N., Baillie, K., Singh, P., Sheth, S., Patel, K., Khalili, M., Choi, J., Benger, M., Marples, L., Macfarlane, A., Thurairaja, R., Boyce, T., Whewell, H., Jones, E., Th'Ng, F., Robertson, N., Mirza, A., Saeed, H., Galloway, S., Elena, G., Afzal, M., Zakir, M., Sodde, P., Hand, C., Sriram, A., Clark, T., Holton, P., Livesey, A., Sinha, Y., Iqbal, F. M., Bharj, I. S., Rotundo, A., Jenvey, C., Slade, R., Golding, D., Haines, S., Abdullah, A. A. N., Tilston, T. W., Loughran, D., Donoghue, D., Giacci, L., Sherif, M. A., Harrison, P., Tang, A., Kotecha, D., Elshaer, M., Urbonas, T., Riaz, A., Chapman, A., Acharya, P., Shalhoub, J., Grossart, C., Mcmorran, D., Mlotshwa, M., Hawkins, W., Loizides, S., Krishna, K., Orchard, M., Ho, C. W., Thomson, P., Khan, S., Taylor, F., Shukla, J., Howie, E. E., Macdonald, L., Komolafe, O., Mcintyre, N., Cragg, J., Parker, J., Stewart, D., Lintin, L., Tracy, J., Farooq, T., Molina, G., Kaafarani, H., Beyene, R., Sava, J., Scott, M., Swaroop, M., Kennedy, R., Azodo, I. A., Heffernan, D., Chun, T., Stephen, A., Sion, M., Weinstein, M. S., Punja, V., Bugaev, N., Goodstein, M., Razmdjou, S., Etchill, E., Puyana, J. C., Kesinger, M., Napolitano, L., To, K., Hemmila, M., Todd, O., Jenner, E., Hoogakker, E., Grizhja, B., Ymeri, S., Galiqi, G., Klappenbach, R., Antezana, D., Beleno, A. E. M., Costa, C., Sanchez, B., Aviles, S., Fermani, C. G., Balmaceda, R., Villalobos, S., Carmona, J. M., Hamill, D., Deutschmann, P., Sandler, S., Cox, D., Nataraja, R., Sharpin, C., Ljuhar, D., Gray, D., Haines, M., Niranjan, N., Ashtari, M., Franco, H., Karim, S., Aman, N. F., Estee, M. M., Salma, U., Razzaque, J., Kanta, T. H., Tori, S. A., Alamin, S., Amin, S. A., Karim, R., Haque, M., Faruq, A., Iftekhar, F., O'Shea, M., Padmore, G., Jonnalagadda, R., Litvin, A., Filatau, A., Paulouski, D., Shubianok, M., Shachykava, T., Khokha, D., Khokha, V., Djivoh, F., Ismail, L., Dossou, F., Seto, D. M., Gbessi, D. G., Noukpozounkou, B., Keke, K. R., Hodonou, F., Ahounou, E. Y. S., Alihonou, T., Denakpo, M., Ahlonsou, G., Bedada, A. G., Nsengiyumva, C., Kwizera, S., Barendegere, V., Choi, P., Jamal, L., Chen, T. -L., Yip, C., Zapata, F., Lanau, M. I. V., Restrepo, I. M., Giraldo, R. S. R., Youssef, M., Thabet, W., Sanad, A., Zaki, A., Abdel-Hameed, N., Mostafa, M., Omar, M. F. W., Ghanem, A., Denewar, A., Emara, E., Rashad, E., Elashry, R., Emile, S., Khafagy, T., Elhamouly, S., Elfarargy, A., Mohamed, A. M., Nagy, G. S., Esam, A., Elwy, E., Khallaf, S., Ibrahim, E., Saidbadr, A., Moustafa, A., Mohammed, A. E., Elgheriany, M., Abdelmageed, E., Raouf, E. A. A., Elbanby, E. S., Elmasry, M., Farahat, M. M., Mansor, E. Y., Hegazy, E. M., Gamal, E., Gamal, H., Kandil, H., Abdelrouf, D. M., Moaty, M., Gamal, D., El-Sagheer, N., Salah, M., Magdy, S., Salah, A., Essam, A., Badawy, M., Ahmed, S., Mohamed, M., Assal, A., Sleem, M., Ebidy, M., Elrazek, A. A., Zahran, D., Adam, N., Nazir, M., Hassanein, A. B., Ismail, A., Elsawy, A., Mamdouh, R., Mabrouk, M., Ahmed, L. A. M., Alnaby, M. H., Magdy, E., Abd-Elmawla, M., Fahim, M., Mowafy, B., Mahmoud, M. I., Alkelani, M., El Gendy, N. H., Aboul-Naga, M. S., El-Din, R. A., Elgendy, A. H., Shalaby, M., Elsharkawy, A. A., Moghazy, M. E., Elbisomy, K. H., Shakshouk, H. A. G., Hamed, M. F., Ebidy, M. M., Adel, I., Omar, M. E., Ibrahim, M., Ghoneim, O., Hesham, O., Gamal, S., Hilal, K., Arafa, O., Awad, S. A., Salem, M., Elsherif, F. A., Elsabbagh, N., Aboelsoud, M. R., Rida, A. H. E. F., Hossameldin, A., Hany, E., Asar, Y. H., Anwar, N., Gadelkarim, M., Abdelhady, S., Morshedy, E. M., Saad, R., Soliman, N., Ezzat, E., Mohamed, A., Ibrahim, A., Fergany, A., Mohammed, S., Reda, A., Allam, Y., Saad, H. A., Abdelfatah, A., Fathy, A. M., El-Sehily, A., Kasem, E. A., Hassan, A. T. A., Mohammed, A. R., Saad, A. G., Hassaan, A., Elhoseny, G., Magdy, M., Elkhalek, E. A., Zakaria, Y., Ezzat, T., Dahab, A. A. E., Kelany, M., Arafa, S., Hassan, O. M. M., Sleem, A. S., Abdelbadeai, K., Abdullah, M. A., Lokman, M. A. A., Bahar, S., Abdelazeam, A. R., Adelshone, A., Hasnan, M. B., Zulkifli, A., Kamarulzamil, S. N. A., Latif, A., Adnan, A. B., Shaharuddin, S., Majid, A. H. H. A., Al-Marakby, D., Ismail, M. J. B., Basir, E. R. M., Ali, C. D. M., Ata, A. Y., Rezq, A., Sheta, A., Tariq, S., Sallam, A. E., Darwish, A. K. Z., Elmihy, S., Elhadry, S., Farag, A., Hajeh, H., Abdelaal, A., Aglan, A., Zohair, A., Essam, M., Moussa, O., El-Gizawy, E., Samy, M., Ali, S., Elhalawany, E., Ata, A., Halawany, M. E., Nashat, M., Soliman, S., Elazab, A., Abdelaziz, M. A., Ibrahim, K., Ibrahim, A. M., Gado, A., Eldeen, E. A., Loaloa, M. R., Abouzaid, A., Eldin, M. A. B., Hashad, E., Sroor, F., Gamil, D., Abdulhakeem, E. M., Zakaria, M., Mohamed, F., Abubakr, M., Ali, E., Magdy, H., Ramadan, M. T., Mohamed, M. A., Mansour, S., Amin, H. A. A., Mohamed, A. R., Saami, M., Elsayed, N. A. R., Mahmoud, S. M. E., Sayed, I. M. E., Shawky, M. Y., Salem, M. M., El-Din, S. A., Soliman, N. A., Talaat, M., Alaael-Dein, S., Elhusseiny, A. A. E., Abdullah, N., Elshaar, M., Ibraheem, A. A., Abdulaziz, H., Ismail, M. K., Madkor, M. H., Abdelaty, M., Abdel-Kader, S. M., Salah, O. M., Eldafrawy, M., Eldeeb, A. Z., Eid, M. M., Shwky, A., Badenjki, M. A., Soliman, A., Attar, S. M. A., Sayed, F., Sabour, F. A., Azizeldine, M. G., Shawqi, M., Hashim, A., Aamer, A., Abdelraouf, A. M., Abdelshakour, M., Mahmoud, B., Mahmoud, M. A., Qenawy, M., Rashed, A. M., Dahy, A., Sayed, M., Shamsedine, A. W., Mohamed, B., Saad, M. M., Bassit, K. A., El-Latif, N. K. A., Elzahed, N., El Kashash, A., Bekhet, N. M., Hafez, S., Gad, A., Maher, M. E., Elsameea, A. A., Sabe, A., Shahine, A., Dawood, K., Gaafar, S., Husseiny, R., Aboelmagd, O., Mesbah, N., Emadeldin, H., Meligy, A. A., Bekhet, A. H., Hasan, D., Alhady, K., Sabe, A. K., Elnajjar, M. A., Aboelella, M., Hamsho, W., Hassan, I., Saad, H., Abdelazim, G., Mahmoud, H., Wael, N., Kandil, A. M., Magdy, A., Elkholy, S. S., Adel, B. E., Dabbour, K., Elsherbiney, S., Mattar, O., Abdrabou, A. K., Aly, M. Y. M., Geuoshy, A., Elnagar, A., Abdelmotaleb, I., Saleh, A. A., Mahmoud, S., Tawfik, B. A., Ismail, S. A., Zakaria, E., Gad, M. O., Elhelbawy, M. S., Bassem, M., Maraie, N., Elhadary, N. M., Semeda, N., Mohamed, S. R., Bakry, H. M., Essam, A. A., Tarek, D., Ashour, K., Elhadad, A., Abdel-Aty, A., Rakha, I., Matter, S. M., Abdelhamed, R., Abdelkader, O., Soliman, Y., Farouk, S. A. M., Ibrahim, E. M., El-Taher, E., Badr, M. F. M., Elsemelawy, R., El-Sawy, A., Bakr, A., Al Rafati, A. A. R., Saar, S., Reinsoo, A., Seyoum, N., Worku, T., Fitsum, A., Tolonen, M., Parmentier, B., Dardenne, S., Robert, E., Maillot, B., Courboin, E., Hascoet, J., Kaci, A. A., Prudhomme, T., Ballouhey, Q., Grosos, C., Fourcade, L., Cecilia, T., Jean-Francois, C., Helene, F. -C., Delforge, X., Haraux, E., Dousset, B., Schiavone, R., Gaujoux, S., Marret, J. -B., Haffreingue, A., Rod, J., Renaux-Petel, M., Lecompte, J. -F., Breaud, J., Gastaldi, P., Taieb, C., Claire, R., Anis, E., Bustangi, N., Grella, M. G., Mariani, A., Broch, A., Kojo, A. T. T., Bandoh, D., Kyereh, M., Asumah, H., Appiah, E. K., Wondoh, P., Gyedu, A., Dally, C., Agbedinu, K., Amoah, M., Yifieyeh, A., Amoako-Boateng, M., Dayie, M., Hagan, R., Debrah, S., Ohene-Yeboah, M., Clegg-Lampety, J. -N., Etwire, V., Dakubo, J., Essoun, S., Bonney, W., Glover-Addy, H., Osei-Nketiah, S., Amoako, J., Adu-Aryee, N., Appeadu-Mensah, W., Bediako-Bowan, A., Dedey, F., Ekow, M., Akatibo, E., Yakubu, M., Kordorwu, H. E. K., Asare-Bediako, K., Tackie, E., Aaniana, K., Acquah, E., Opoku-Agyeman, R., Avoka, A., Kusi, K., Maison, K., Gyamfi, F. E., Barnabas, G. N., Abdul-Latif, S., Amoako, P. T., Davor, A., Dassah, V., Dagoe, E., Kwakyeafriyie, P., Akoto, E., Ackom, E., Mensah, E., Atkins, E. T., Coompson, C. L., Ivros, N., Ferousis, C., Kyriazanos, I., Barkolias, C., Tselos, A., Tzikos, G., Voulgaris, E., Stefanopoulos, A., Patoulias, I., Sfougaris, D., Valioulis, I., Balalis, D., Korkolis, D., Manatakis, D. K., Kyrou, G., Karabelias, G., Papaskarlatos, I. -A., Konstantina, K., Zampitis, N., Papailia, A., Theodosopoulos, T., Gkiokas, G., Mitroudi, M., Panteli, C., Feidantsis, T., Farmakis, K., Kyziridis, D., Ioannidis, O., Parpoudi, S., Parasyris, S., Margaritis, M., Aguilera-Arevalo, M. -L., Coyoy-Gaitan, O., Rosales, J., Tale, L., Rodriguez, S. T. T., Galvez, C. P., Cruz, D. H., Rosenberg, G. S., Matheu, A., Cohen, D. M., Paul, M., Charles, A., Lam, J. C. Y., Yeung, M. H. A., Fok, C. Y. J., Li, K. H. G., Lai, A. C. -H., Cheung, Y. H. E., Wong, H. Y., Leung, K. W., Lee, T. S. B., Lam, W. H., Dao, W., Kwok, S. H. -W., Chan, T. -Y. K., Ng, Y. K., Mak, T. W. C., Foo, C. C., Yang, J., Bhatnagar, A., Upadhyaya, V., Muddebihal, U., Dar, W., Janardha, K. C., Alexander, P., Aruldas, N., Adella, F. J., Rulie, A. S., Iskandar, F., Setiawan, J., Evajelista, C. V., Natalie, H., Suyadi, A., Gunawan, R., Karismaningtyas, H., Mata, L. P. S., Andika, F. F. A., Hasanah, A., Widiastini, T. A., Purwaningsih, N. A., Mukin, A. D. F., Rahmah, D. F., Nurqistan, H. D., Arsyad, H. M., Adhitama, N., Jeo, W. S., Sutandi, N., Clarissa, A., Gultom, P. A., Billy, M., Haloho, A., Johanna, N., Lee, F., Dorani, R. M. N. R., Glynn, M., Alherz, M., Goh, W., Shiwani, H. A., Sproule, L., Conlon, K. C., Bala, M., Kedar, A., Bianco, F., Steccanella, F., Gallo, G., Trompetto, M., Clerico, G., Papandrea, M., Sammarco, G., Sacco, R., Giavarini, L., Giglio, M. C., Bucci, L., Pagano, G., Sollazzo, V., Peltrini, R., Luglio, G., Birindelli, A., Mingrone, P., Selvaggi, F., Selvaggi, L., Pellino, G., Martino, N. D., Curletti, G., Aonzo, P., Galleano, R., Berti, S., Francone, E., Boni, S., Lorenzon, L., Lo Conte, A., Balducci, G., Confalonieri, G., Pesenti, G., Gavagna, L., Vasquez, G., Targa, S., Occhionorelli, S., Andreotti, D., Armellini, A., Chiesa, D., Aquilino, F., Chetta, N., Picciariello, A., Abdelkhalek, M., Belli, A., De Franciscis, S., Bigaran, A., Favero, A., Basso, S. M. M., Salusso, P., Perino, M., Mochet, S., Sasia, D., Riente, F., Migliore, M., Basilico, S., Corbellini, C., Lazzari, V., Angelieri, D., Coletta, D., Falaschi, F., Catani, M., Reali, C., Malavenda, M., Basso, C. D., Ribaldi, S., Coletti, M., Natili, A., Depalma, N., Iannone, I., Antoniozzi, A., Rossi, D., Gui, D., Perrotta, G., Ripa, M., Giardino, F. R., Foco, M., Vicario, E., Nita, G. E., Leone, N., Simioni, A., De Boni, D., Pasquali, S., Goldin, E., Vendramin, E., Ciccioli, E., Tedeschi, U., Violi, P., Campagnaro, T., Conci, S., Lazzari, G., Iacono, C., Gulielmi, A., Manfreda, S., Rinaldi, A., Ringressi, M. N., Brunoni, B., Salamone, G., Mangiapane, M., De Marco, P., Brocca, A. L., Tutino, R., Silvestri, V., Licari, L., Fontana, T., Falco, N., Cocorullo, G., Sileri, P., Arcudi, C., Bsisu, I., Aljboor, K., Abusalem, L., Alnusairat, A., Qaissieh, A., Al-Dakka, E., Ababneh, A., Halhouli, O., Yusufali, T., Mohammed, H., Lando, J., Parker, R., Ndegwa, W., Gribauskaite, J., Kuliavas, J., Dulskas, A., Samalavicius, N. E., Jasaitis, K., Parseliunas, A., Nevieraite, V., Slapelyte, E., Dainius, E., Subocius, A., Venclauskas, L., Gulbinas, A., Kasputyte, S., Mikuckyte, D., Kiudelis, M., Jankus, T., Petrikenas, S., Pazuskis, M., Urniezius, Z., Vilcinskas, M., Banaitis, V. J., Gaizauskas, V., Grisin, E., Mazrimas, P., Drungilas, M., Lagunavicius, K., Lipnickas, V., Majauskyte, D., Abaliksta, T., Uscinas, L., Simutis, G., Ladukas, A., Danys, D., Sruogiene, E. Z., Visinskas, P., Zilinskiene, R., Dragatas, D., Burmistrovas, A., Tverskis, Z., Vaicius, A., Mazelyte, R., Zadoroznas, A., Ziubryte, G., Rahantasoa, F. C. F. P., Samison, L. H., Rasoaherinomenjanahary, F., Tolotra, T. E. C., Mukuzunga, C., Kwatiwani, C., Msiska, N., Chai, F. Y., Asilah, S. M. D., Syibrah, K. Z., Chin, P. X., Riswan, N. Z., Chong, H. -Y., Aziz, N. A., Poh, K. -S., Chai, C. -A., Taher, M. M., Aziz, D. N. A., Julaihi, R., Jethwani, D. L., Yahaya, M. T., Mathew, S. W., Chung, K. J., Nirumal, M. K., Ali, S. A. W. E. W., Gan, Y. Y., Ting, J. R. S., Sii, S. S. Y., Koay, K. L., Tan, Y. K., Cheah, A. E. Z., Wong, C. Y., Mat, T. N. T., Chow, C. Y. N., Har, P. A. L., Der, Y., Henry, F., Low, X., Neo, Y. T., Heng, H. E., Kong, S. N., Gan, C., Mok, Y. T., Tan, Y. W., Palayan, K., Tata, M. D., Cheong, Y. J., Gunaseelan, K., Nasir, W. N. A. W. M., Yoganathan, P., Lee, E. X., Saw, J. E., Yeang, L. J., Koh, P. Y., Lim, S. Y., Teo, S. Y., Grech, N., Magri, D., Cassar, K., Mizzi, C., Falzon, M., Shaikh, N., Scicluna, R., Zammit, S., Mizzi, S., Brincat, S. D., Tembo, T., Le, V. T. H., Grima, T., Sammut, K., Carabott, K., Zarb, C., Navarro, A., Dimech, T., Camilleri, G. M., Bertuello, I., Dalli, J., Bonavia, K., Corro-Diaz, S., Manriquez-Reyes, M., Abdelhamid, A., Hrora, A., Benammi, S., Bachri, H., Abbouch, M., Boukhal, K., Bennai, R. M., Belkouchi, A., Jabal, M. S., Benyaiche, C., Vermaas, M., Duinhouwer, L., Pastora, J., Wood, G., Merlo, M. S., Abdurrazzaaq, A., Alada, M., Habeeb, O., Mendel, H., Bello, B., Muktar, U., Olajide, T. O., Oshati, O., Ihediwa, G., Adenekan, B., Nwinee, V., Olugbemi, M., Odutola, O., Adebola, O., Onuoha, C., Balogun, F., Ajai, O., Njokanma, I., Kache, S., Ajah, J., Makama, J., Adamu, A., Baba, S., Aliyu, M., Aliyu, S., Ukwenya, Y., Aliyu, H., Sholadoye, T., Daniyan, M., Ogunsua, O., Mshelbwala, P., Samson, G., Timothy, O. K., Samuel, S. A., Ajiboye, A., Amole, I., Abiola, O., Olaolorun, A., Veen, T., Kanani, A., Styles, K., Herikstad, R., Larsen, J. W., Soreide, J. A., Jensen, E., Gran, M., Aahlin, E. K., Gaarder, T., Monrad-Hansen, P. W., Naess, P. A., Lauzikas, G., Wiborg, J., Holte, S., Augestad, K. M., Banipal, G. S., Moe, T. T., Schultz, J. K., Al-Taher, T., Hamdan, A., Salman, A., Saadeh, R., Musleh, A., Jaradat, D., Abushamleh, S., Hanoun, S., Qumbos, A. A., Hamarshi, A., Taher, A. A., Qawasmi, I., Qurie, K., Altarayra, M., Ghannam, M., Shaheen, A., Herebat, A., Abdelhaq, A., Shalabi, A., Abu-Toyour, M., Asi, F., Shamasneh, A., Atiyeh, A., Zaa'Treh, R., Dabboor, M., Alaloul, E., Baraka, H., Meqbil, J., Al-Buhaisi, A., Elshami, M., Afana, S., Jaber, S., Alyacoubi, S., Abuowda, Y., Idress, T., Abuqwaider, E., Al-Saqqa, S., Bowabsak, A., El Jamassi, A., Hasanain, D., Al-Farram, H., Firwana, A., Hamdan, M., Awad, I., Ashour, A., Al Barrawi, F. E., Al-Khatib, A., Al-Faqawi, M., Fares, M., Elmashala, A., Adawi, M., Adawi, I., Khreishi, R., Ghaben, A., Nadeem, N., Saqlain, M., Abbasy, J., Alvi, A. R., Shahzad, N., Butt, M. T., Ul Razi, S. A., Niazi, A. K., Baluch, F., Raza, A., Bani-Sadar, A., Qureshi, A. U., Adil, M., Javaid, M., Waqar, M., Khan, M. A., Arshad, M. M., Amjad, M., Cardozo, J. T., Roche, M. O., Servin, G. R. P., Lopez, L. I. P., Cardozo, R. A. M., Espinoza, F., Rojas, A. D. P., Sanchez, D., Samaniego, C. S., Torres, S. G., Calua, A. C., Razuri, C., Ortiz, N., Rodriguez, X., Carrasco, N., Saravia, F., Miyasato, H. S., Valcarcel-Saldana, M., Bermudez, Y. E. A., Carpio, J., Panez, W. R., Orbegozo, P. A. T., Duenas, C. G., Espinoza, K. T., Barrantes, A. M. S., Bravo, J. A. C., Fuentes-Rivera, L., Fernandez, C., Malaga, B., Ye, J., Velasquez, R., Salcedo, J., Contreras-Vergara, A. L., Mejia, A. G. V., Montejo, M. S. G., Del Carmen Escalante Salas, M., Ticona, W. A., Vargas, M., Sila, G. C. M., Mas, R., Del Pilar Paucar, A., Velasquez, A. J. R., Robledo-Rabanal, A., Solis, L. A. Z., Hamaguchi, J. L. H., Farfan, E. S. F., Barrientos, L. A. M., Matta, J. J. H., Mora, J. J. V., Redota, M. A. P., Roxas, M. F., Mano, M. J. B., Parreno-Sacdalan, M. D., Lapitan, M. C., Almanon, C. L., Waldziak, M., Roszkowski, R., Janik, M., Lasek, A., Radkowiak, D., Rubinkiewicz, M., Fernandes, C., Popa, M., Mircea, H., Negoi, I., Ciubotaru, C., Ingabire, J. C. A., Mutabazi, A. Z., Uzabumwana, N., Duhoranenayo, D., Idris, F., Alghamdi, M. S. A., Alkaaki, A., Turkustani, S., Khalifah, E., Albiety, A., Sahel, S., Alshareef, R., Najjar, M., Alzahrani, A., Alghamdi, A., Alhazmi, W., Saied, G. A., Alamoudi, M., Riaz, M. M., Alhassan, B., Alyahya, R., Subaie, N. A., Bastawis, F. A., Khan, R., Radojkovic, M., Jeremic, L., Nestorovic, M., Law, J. H., Tan, K. S. K., Tan, R. C. K., Tan, J. K., Joel, L. W. L., Chan, X. W., Leong, F. Q. H., Chong, C. S., Lee, K. Y., Lee, K. C., Pluke, K., Dedekind, B., Nashidengo, P., Hampton, M. I., Joosten, J., Sobnach, S., Roodt, L., Sander, A., Pape, J., Maistry, N., Ndwambi, P., Kinandu, K., Toit, F. D., Ellison, Q., Burger, S., Grobler, D. C., Khulu, L. B., Leusink, A., Kariem, N., Gouws, J., Chu, K., Bougard, H., Noor, F., Dell, A., Van Straten, S., Khamajeet, A., Tshisola, S. K., Kabongo, K., Moodley, Y., Anderson, F., Madiba, T., Du Plooy, F., Hartford, L., Chilton, G., Karjiker, P., Mabitsela, M. E., Ndlovu, S. R., Badicel, M., Jaich, R., Ruiz-Tovar, J., Garcia-Florez, L., Otero-Diez, J. L., Perez, V. R., Suarez, N. A., Garcia, J. M., Moreno, S. C., Collado, M. V., Carneros, V. J., Septiem, J. G., Gonzalez, M., Picardo, A., Esteban, E., Ferrero, E., Espin-Basany, E., Blanco-Colino, R., Andriola, V., Contreras, E., Bernardo, C. G., Sanz, S., De Leon, A. M., Dorisme, A., Rodicio, J., Suarez, A., Vico, T. D., Fernandez-Vega, L., Soldevila-Verdeguer, C., Sena-Ruiz, F., Pujol-Cano, N., Diaz-Jover, P., Garcia-Perez, J. M., Segura-Sampedro, J. J., Pineno-Flores, C., Ambrona-Zafra, D., Craus-Miguel, A., Jimenez-Morillas, P., Mazzella, A., Jayathilake, A. B., Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B., Wijayarathna, L. S., Wimalge, P. M. S. N., Sanni, H. A., Okenabirhie, O., Homeida, A., Younis, A., Omer, O. A., Abdulaziz, M., Mussad, A., Adam, A., Sokratous, A., Breistrand, M., Sigurdadottir, J., Nikberg, M., Chabok, A., Elbe, P., Saraste, D., Rutkowski, W., Forlin, L., Niska, K., Oswald, D., Peros, G., Bluelle, R., Frey, D., Zumbuhl, L., Werder, G., Mahanty, S., Widmer, L. W., Muller, J., Gubeli, A., Zuk, G., Gulcicek, O. B., Vartanoglu, T., Kose, E., Karahan, S. R., Aydin, M. C., Sahbaz, N. A., Halicioglu, I., Alis, H., Sapci, I., Adiyaman, C., Pektas, A. M., Cengiz, T. B., Tansoker, I., Isler, V., Cevik, M., Mutlu, D., Ozben, V., Ozmen, B. B., Bayram, S., Yolcu, S., Kobal, B. B., Toto, O. F., Cakaloglu, H. C., Karabulut, K., Mutlu, V., Celik, S., Semiz, A., Bodur, S., Gul, E., Murutoglu, B., Yildirim, R., Baki, B. E., Arslan, E., Guner, A., Walker, N., Shrimanker, N., Cole, S., Breslin, R., Srinivasan, R., Hunter, K., Al-Bahrani, A., Mairs, N. G., Rocke, A., Dick, L., Qureshi, M., Chowdhury, D., Skerritt, C., Kufeji, D., Ho, A., Dissanayake, T., Tennakoon, A., Ali, W., Tan, C., O'Neill, S., Knight, S., Nassif, D., Sharma, A., White, R., Mehdi, A., Post, N., Kalakouti, E., Dashnyam, E., Stourton, F., Mykoniatis, I., Wong, F., Gupta, A., Kadiwar, S., Smedley, A., Wakefield, R., Herrod, P., Blackwell, J., Cohen, F., Bandi, A., Bond-Smith, G., Farhangmehr, N., Perenyei, M., Ireland, P., Bowling, K., Bunting, D., Longstaff, L., Keogh, K., Jeon, H., Iqbal, M. R., Khosla, S., Jeffery, A., Perera, J., Alhammali, T., Oram, S., Kidd, T., Cullen, F., Owen, C., Sarafilovic, H., Ploski, J., Evans, E., Abbas, A., Kamya, S., Ishak, N., Bisset, C., Andress, C., Chin, Y. R., Evans, D., Haslegrave, A., Boggon, A., Laurie, K., Mann, T., Nepogodiev, D., Mansuri, A., Davies, R., Shahbaz, A. R., Eng, C., Din, F., L'Heveder, A., Park, E. H. G., Ravishankar, R., Mcintosh, K., Yau, J. D., Chan, L., Mcgarvie, S., Tang, L., Lim, H., Yap, S., Park, J., Ng, Z. H., Mirza, S., Ang, Y. L., Walls, L., Roy, C., Paterson-Brown, S., Mclean, K., D'Souza, M. S., Pronin, S., Henshall, D. E., Ter, E. Z., English, W., Townsend, D., Maciejec, L., Akpenyi, O., Hall, E., Caydiid, H., Rob, Z., Abbott, T., Johnston, R., Gani, M. A., Rajmohan, S., Majid, K., Palliyil, M., Patel, S., Nicholson, L., Harvey, N., Shillito, S., Kershaw, S., Bamford, R., Orton, P., Reunis, E., Jama, G. M., Dhillon, D., Nanthakumaran, S., Heard, R., Chen, K. Y., Barmayehvar, B., Datta, U., Kamarajah, S. K., Tani, S. I., Donnelly, P., Walker, M., Blacker, S., Kaul, A., Paramasivan, A., Farag, S., Nessa, A., Awadallah, S., Lim, J., Ng, J. C. K., Kiran, R. P., Murray, A., Dasari, M., Haddad, N., Zielinski, M., Choudhry, A., Caliman, C., Beamon, M., Duane, T., Myers, J., Deal, R., Makupe, A., Musowoya, J., Der Naald, N. V., Kumwenda, D., Reece-Smith, A., Otten, K., Verbeek, A., Prins, M., Suarez, A. A. B., Deane, C., Dijan, E., Elfiky, M., Koskenvuo, L., Thollot, A., Limoges, B., Capito, C., Alexandre, C., Kotobi, H., Leroux, J., Pinnagoda, K., Henric, N., Azzis, O., Rosello, O., Francois, P., Etienne, S., Buisson, P., Hmila, S., Clegg-Lamptey, J. -N., Imoro, O., Abem, O. E., Papageorgiou, D., Soulou, V., Asturias, S., Pena, L., O'Connor, D. B., Luc, A. R., Russo, A. A., Ruzzenente, A., Taddei, A., Cona, C., Bottini, C., Pascale, G., Rotunno, G., Solaini, L., Pascale, M. M., Notarnicola, M., Corbellino, M., Sacco, M., Ubiali, P., Cautiero, R., Bocchetti, T., Muzio, E., Guglielmo, V., Morandi, E., Mao, P., De Luca, E., Ali, F. M., Kondrotas, P., Baltrunas, R., Kutkevicius, J., Ignatavicius, P., Tan, C. L., Siaw, J. Y., Yam, S. Y., Wilson, L., Aziz, M. R. A., Bondin, J., Zorrilla, C. D., Majbar, A., Sale, D., Abdullahi, L., Osagie, O., Faboya, O., Fatuga, A., Taiwo, A., Nwabuoku, E., Bliksoen, M., Khan, Z. A., Coronel, J., Miranda, C., Vasquez, I., Helguero-Santin, L. M., Rickard, J., Adedeji, A., Alqahtani, S., Rath, M., Van Niekerk, M., Koto, M. Z., Matos-Puig, R., Israelsson, L., Schuetz, T., Yuksek, M. A., Mericliler, M., Ulusahin, M., Yong, G. L., Whitehurst, K., Redgrave, N., Musyoka, C. K., Olivier, J., Lee, K., Cox, M., Farhan-Alanie, M. M. H., Callan, R., Chibuye, C., Ali, T. H. A., Rekhis, S., Rommaneh, M., Sam, Z. H., Chen, J. H. C., Roi, D., Pugliesi, T. B., Pardo, G., Blanco, R., Escobar, E. G., Sutanto, E. P. R., Soeselo, D. A., Tedjaatmadja, C., Boijsen, M., Lundgren, P. -O., Mentula, P., Leppaniemi, A., Sallinen, V., Lam, F. Y., Szeto, K. J. -Y., Szeto, C. C. L., Li, W. S., Li, K. K. K., Leung, M. F., Mak, T., Ng, S., Musa, A. E. K., Balila, R. M. H., Mohamed, M. A. E. H., GlobalSurg Collaborative, SOLAINI LEONARDO, Glasbey, James C, Adisa, Adewale O, Costas‐Chavarri, Ainhoa, Qureshi, Ahmad U, Allen‐Ingabire, Jean C, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Kojo, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy, Tabiri, Stephen, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Lilford, Richard J, Harrison, Ewen M, Pinkney, Thomas D, Smart, Neil, Bhangu, Aneel, Verjee, Azmina, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Glasbey, Jame, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aguilera, Maria Lorena, Altamini, Afnan, Alexander, Philip, Al‐Saqqa, Sara W, Borda‐Luque, Giuliano, Cornick, Jen, Drake, Thomas M, Fergusson, Stuart J, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Ingabire, J.C Allen, Ismaïl, Lawani, Jaffry, Zahra, Khatri, Chetan, Kirby, Andrew, Lapitan, Marie Carmela, Lilford, Richard, Mihaljevic, Andre L, Mohan, Midhun, Morton, Dion, Mutabazi, Alphonse Zeta, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Ots, Riinu, Pata, Francesco, Pinkney, Thoma, Poškus, Toma, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, Medina, Antonio Ramos‐De, Rayne, Sarah, Recinos, Gustavo, Søreide, Kjetil, Shaw, Catherine A, Shu, Sebastian, Spence, Richard, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung‐Hee, Negida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Chapman, Stephen J, Arnaud, Alexis P, Manipal, Cutting Edge, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Zilinskas, Justa, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A, Modolo, Maria Marta, Iyer, Dushyant, King, Sebastian, Arthur, Tom, Nahar, Sayeda Nazmum, Waterman, Ade, Walsh, Michael, Agarwal, Arnav, Zani, Augusto, Firdouse, Mohammed, Rouse, Tyler, Liu, Qinyang, Correa, Juan Camilo, Talving, Peep, Worku, Mengistu, Arnaud, Alexi, Kalles, Vassili, Kumar, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Quek, Roy, Ansaloni, Luca, Altibi, Ahmed, Venskutonis, Donata, Poskus, Toma, Whitaker, John, Msosa, Vanessa, Tew, Yong Yong, Farrugia, Alexia, Borg, Elaine, Bentounsi, Zineb, Gala, Tanzeela, Al‐Slaibi, Ibrahim, Tahboub, Haya, Alser, Osaid H., Romani, Diego, Shu, Sebestian, Major, Piotr, Mironescu, Aurel, Bratu, Matei, Kourdouli, Amar, Ndajiwo, Aliyu, Altwijri, Abdulaziz, Gudal, Ahmad, Jubran, Al Faifi, Seisay, Sam, Lieske, Bettina, Ortega, Irene, Senanayake, Kithsiri J., Abdulbagi, Omar, Raptis, Dmitri, Altinel, Yuksel, Kong, Chia, Teasdale, Ella, Stoddart, Michael, Kabariti, Rakan, Suresh, Sukrit, Gash, Katherine, Narayanan, Ragavan, Maimbo, Mayaba, Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K, Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nichola, Brown, Jason, George, Robert, Koh, Cherry, Warren, Oliver, Hanley, Isaac, Dickfos, Marilla, Nawara, Clemen, Öfner, Dietmar, Primavesi, Florian, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Hussain, Margub, Hakim, Hafiz, Kumar, Tapan, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A, Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Tun, Aung Kyaw, Chong, Chean Leung, Devadasar, Giridhar H, Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minha, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos Barro, Ferreira, Salim Anderson Khouri, Careta, Maíra Cassa, Kim, Stella Binna, De Sousa, Alexandre Venancio, Cury, Alyne Daltri Lazzarini, Miguel, Gustavo Peixoto Soare, De Freitas, Ana Vega Carreiro, Guasti, Barbara Pereira Silvestre Julia, Vianna, Pinto, Felipe, Carolina Oliveira, Laufer, Luis Alberto Valente, Altoe, Fernanda, Da Silva, Luana Ayre, Pimenta, Marina Luiza, Giuriato, Thiago Fernande, Morais, Paulo Alves Bezerra, Araujo, Jessica Souza Luiz Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Lima, Caio Vinícius Barroso, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antônio, Santos, Diogo Viniciu, Fraga, Gustavo Pereira, Simoes, Romeo Lage, Stock, Simon, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, Jame, Azzie, George, Kushwaha, Sameer, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L, Razek, Tarek, Marinkovic, Bori, Grasset, Eugenio, D'aguzan, Nicole, Jimenez, Julio, Macchiavello, Roberto, Zhang, Zhongtao, Guo, Wei, Oh, Junyeong, Zheng, Fei, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Villegas, Maria Isabel, Arango, Maria Clara Mendoza, Mendoza, Ivan, Naranjo Aristizã¡bal, Fred Alexander, Botero, Jaime Andres Montoya, Riaza, Victor Manuel Quintero, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlo, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Hache‐Marliere, Manuel, Lemaire, Sylvia Batista, Rivas, Ruben, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Baky Fahmy, Mohamed A, Nabawi, Ayman, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El‐Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Menshawy, Ahmed, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al‐Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, AbdelFattah, Ibrahim, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El‐Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, El Hamid, Nader Abd, Attia, Attia Mohamed, El Galeel, Ahmed Abd, Elbanby, Eslam, El‐Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel‐Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El‐Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El‐Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Elnemr, Abdelrhman Essam, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Aboraya, Metwally, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al‐Aarag, Asmaa Abdel‐Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I, El‐Salam, Fathia Abd, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Elrasoul, Yasmin Abd, Elkelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat‐Allah, Hegazy, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Rslan, Ahmed, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Abd‐Elrasoul, Yasmin, El‐Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Emadeldin, Doaa, Ghonaim, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El‐Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, El Hameed, Ola Sherief Abd, Lasheen, Ahmed, El Salam, Yasser Abd, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, El‐badawy, Hager Ahmed, Amer, Mohamed A, El‐Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura A., Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Shaker, Ramadan, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Hafez, Amr Tarek, Zalabia, Mohamed F, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El‐Sheemy, Hatem, AlYoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M, Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, El Slam, Mohamed Abd, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al‐Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Aboraya, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Kasem, Esraa, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Ibrahim, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin M, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Mentula, Panu, Leppäniemi, Ari, Sallinen, Ville, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Graffieille, Vivien, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yve, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Arnaud, Alexis Pierre, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Franci, Boakye‐Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku‐Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davie, Lytras, Dimitrio, Psarianos, Kyriako, Bamicha, Anastasia, Kefalidi, Eirini, Gemenetzis, Georgio, Dervenis, Christo, Gouvas, Nikolao, Agalianos, Christo, Kontos, Michail, Kouraklis, Gregory, Karousos, Dimitrio, Germanos, Styliano, Marinos, Constantino, Anthoulakis, Christo, Nikoloudis, Nikolao, Mitroudis, Nikolao, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Azmitia, José René Arévalo, Cabrera, Carla Cecilia Ramãrez, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contrera, Tale, Fernando, Soley, Rafael, Barrios, Emanuel, Barrios, Emmanuel, Rodríguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquín, Velásquez, Carlos Iván Pérez, Mérida, Sara María Contrera, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Lam, Fong Yee, Szeto, Kylie Joan‐yi, Szeto, Charing Cheuk Ling, Li, Wing Sum, Li, Kieran Ka Kei, Leung, Man Fung, Mak, Tony, Ng, Simon, Prasad, SS, Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Kumar, Bylapudi Seshu, Rangarajan, Muthukumaran, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S.V., Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Mittal, Abhishek, Nadkarni, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Limaye, Neel, Pai, Sriniva, Jain, Pratik, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Mahamood, Abid Bin, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al‐Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al‐Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Ibraheem, Hasan Ismael, Al‐Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Telfah, Muwaffaq Mezeil, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Dablouk, Mohamed, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Chung, Siyi, D'cruz, Reuban, Cahill, Ronan, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chri, Bowe, Ro, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Pasini, Mario, Pata, Giacomo, Roncali, Stefano, Silvani, Paolo, Carlucci, Michele, Faccincani, Roberto, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Tugnoli, Gregorio, Di Saverio, Salomone, Khattab, Khaled, Paludi, Miguel Angel, Pata, Domenica, Cloro, Luigi Maria, Allegri, Andrea, Coccolini, Federico, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Nastri, Giacomo, Canto, Massimiliano Dal, Cucumazzo, Stefano, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Grandinetti, Pier Paolo, Maniscalco, Alessio, Lamanna, Giovanni Luca, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Villa, Roberta, Monteleone, Michela, Merlini, David, Grassi, Veronica, Cirocchi, Roberto, Cacurri, Alban, Waleed, Hamza, Diab, Ahmed, Elzowawi, Fathi, Jokubauskas, Manta, Varkalys, Karoli, Pranevicius, Roberta, Ambrozeviciute, Viktorija, Juciute, Simona, Skardžiukaitė, Austė, Bradulskis, Sauliu, Urbanavicius, Lina, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualda, Dambrauskas, Zilvina, Karumnas, Pauliu, Urniezius, Zigmanta, Zilinskiene, Reda, Rudzenskaite, Anele, Usaityte, Ausrine, Montrimaite, Margarita, Kaselis, Neriju, Strazdas, Andriu, Jokubonis, Kristijona, Maceviciute, Kornelija, Beisa, Virgiliju, Strupas, Kestuti, Laugzemys, Erika, Kolosov, Andrej, Jotautas, Valdemara, Rakita, Igna, Mikalauskas, Sauliu, Kazanavicius, Dariu, Rackauskas, Roka, Rakauskas, Ritaura, Preckailaite, Egle, Coomber, Ro, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Ern, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Kosai, Nik Ritza, Taher, Mustafa, Rajan, Reynu, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella‐Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois‐Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean‐Francoi, Diaz‐Zorrilla, Carmina, De La Medina, Antonio Ramos‐, Gonzalez, Samantha Corro‐Diaz, Jacobe, Mário, Mapasse, Domingo, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty‐John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A, Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Williams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Lawal, AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collin, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O, Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E, Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, Jame, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Soreide, Kjetil, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil‐E‐Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Dharamshi, Hasnain Abba, Naqvi, Tahira, Faraz, Ahmad, Anwar, Abdul Wahid, Yaseen, Tahir Muhammad, Shamsi, Ghina Shamim, Shamsi, Ghina, Yaseen, Tahir, Anwer, Wahid, Decoud, Horacio Parede, Aguilera, Omar, Alvarez, Ismael Isaac Zelada, Delgado, Juan Marcelo, Vega, Gustavo Miguel Machain, Lohse, Helmut Alfredo Segovia, Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa, Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala, Bautista, Ana Cecilia Manchego, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Celis, Jose María Vergara, Pozo, Diego Alonso Romani, Hamasaki, José, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera‐Matta, Jaime, Torres, Carla Pierina García, Barreda, Luis Miguel Alvarez, Ojeda, Ronald Renato Barrionuevo, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linare, Fujii, Francisco, Durand, Susana Yrma Aranzabal, Basto, Carlos Alejandro Arroyo, Rojas, Nelson Manuel Urbina, Yip, Sebastian Bernardo Shu, Vergara, Ana Lucia Contrera, Moran, Andrea Echevarria Rosa, Luque, Giuliano Borda, Castro, Manuel Rodriguez, Jaramillo, Ramon Alvarado, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Huaraya, Ronald Coasaca, Arenas, Andy, López, Crislee, Puma, Clara Milagros Herrera, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, De Leon, Melanie Zapata Ponze, Limache, Susan, Sila, George Manrrique, Rodriguez, Layza‐Alejandra Mercado, Melo, Renato, Costa‐Maia, Jose, Muralha, Nuno, Sauvat, Frederique, Dan, Ionasc, Hogea, Mircea, Eduard, Pandi, Bratu, Razvan‐Matei, Beuran, Mircea, Diaconescu, Ionut‐Bogdan, Martian, Bogdan‐Valeriu, Iordache, Florin‐Mihail, Vartic, Mihaela, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Nsengimana, Vizir Jean Paul, Niragire, Alice, Ingabire, Jean De La Croix Allen, Niyirera, Eugene, Zanini, Nicola, Jovine, Elio, Landolfo, Giovanni, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Ena, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al‐shammari, Abeer, Al‐Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al‐Faifi, Jubran J, Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Kretzmann, Hayden, Connor, Katie, Nel, Daniel, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Sishuba, Nosisa, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo‐Anne, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Fernandez‐Bueno, Fernando, Aguilar‐Jimenez, Jose, Garcia‐Marin, Jose Andre, García, Lorena Solar, Florez, Luis Joaquín García, Pacheco, Rubén Darío Aria, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Lui, Minguez, German, Rodríguez‐Uría, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez‐Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Lui, Stuva, Jessica Patricia Gonzale, Ortega‐Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Senanayake, Wanigasekara, Senanayake, Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasoori, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Boijsen, Magnu, Lundgren, Per‐Olof, Gustafsson, Ulf, Kiasat, Ali, Wogensen, Fredrik, Jurdell, Emma, Thorell, Ander, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Cengiz, Yücel, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Björklund, Ida, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Pahlsson, Hans‐Ivar, Borin, Eva, Hjertberg, Maria, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileio, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F, Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Marku, Eisner, Luka, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Kimaro, Msafiri, King, Rachel, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Karakahya, Murat, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu‐Ching, Mcnish, David, Mcintosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson‐Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Blencowe, Natalie, Hallam, Sally, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris‐Christo, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, Jame, McCullagh, Darragh, Clements, Joshua Michael, Khan, Ata, Koumpa, Foteini, Neophytou, Christina, Roth, Jessica, Soon, Wai Cheong, Deputy, Mohammed, Ahmed, Ahmed, Ashton, Annelisse, Vincent, Joe, Almy, Jack, Khan, Taufiq, Allen, John Lee Y, Mcintyre, Charlotte Jane, Marshall, Dominic Charle, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Rajjoub, Yaseen, Sherman, Thoma, White, Timothy, Watts, Anna, Ardley, Rohan, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantino, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R L, Malik, Tom AM, Proctor, Victoria K, Hewage, Kalon, Davies, Jame, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Mogan, Yogendra Praveen, Ho, Weiguang, Chong, Bryon Frankie Hon Khi, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Hall, Nigel J, Wright, Naomi J, Major, Christina P, Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri‐Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G N, Swann, Joanna, Richards, Jame, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri‐Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, Jame, Chiu, Selina, Weber, Beatrix, Chiu, Selina Man Yeng, Highcock, Saskia, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolo, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, Mcdonald, Rosie, Macdonald, Alisdair, Witherspoon, Paul, Baird, Alan, Sarmah, Panchali, Green, Nikki, Youssef, Haney, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M, Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Khan, Khurram, Abudeeb, Haytham, Hammad, Ahmed, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Gile, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al‐Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, DM, Tan, Jessica Juliana, Tyler, Robert, Di Franco, Filippo, Ayyar, Shruti, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gokani, Shyam, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young‐Han, Birring, Amerdip, Edwards, Joanne, Ali, Ased, Das, Suparna, Jha, Madan, Atkinson, Kieran, Luck, Joshua, Fozard, Thoma, Puttick, Michael, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El‐Rabaa, Saleem, Nnajiuba, Henry, Allott, Rebecca, Bhargava, Aman, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Parakh, Jehangirshaw, Parthiban, Sunil, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon‐Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Raza, Imtanan, Farquharson, Alistair, Bhattacharya, Sanjeet, Chang, Kate, Wilson, Michael S J, Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S, Lim, Pei J, North, Alexander S, Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Shariffuddin, Abdul Muiz, Ho, Weng Chee, Wilson, Michael Sj, Pabla, Gurpreet, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ro, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Som, Robin, Javed, Omar, Boal, Matthew, Harrison, Nicola, Tafazal, Habib, Brogden, Tom, Griffiths, Ewen, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E, Clark, David J, Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Mcphee, Arthur, Anderson, David, Anderson, Robert, Hassan, Sarah, Smith, Dave, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil Jame, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay‐Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'Souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Spurr, Matthew, Parkinson, Lucienne, Hanks, Anthony, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily NW, Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatiu, Nair, Hari, Fairfield, Cameron, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F, Torrance, Hew Dt, Fowler, Alexander J, Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Benons, Natasha, Mason, Clare, Harrison, Rebecca, Quayle, John, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Pitt, Sophie K, Ward, Alex E, O'Connor, Timothy, Heywood, Emily G, Chowdhury, Abeed, Hossaini, Sina, Watson, Nicholas F, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Koh, Hoey, Lim, Grace, Sunderland, Graham, Gould, Laura, Munipalle, P C, Rooney, H, Browning, D R L, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Shaikh, Shafaque, Tan, Chern Yan, Palkhi, Ebrahim Y A, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, Jame, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Singh, Priyanka, Sheth, Shailee, Patel, Kishen, Khalili, Mahry, Choi, Jeesoo, Benger, Matthew, Marples, Lucy, Macfarlane, Alastair, Thurairaja, Ramesh, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charle, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Ne'ma Abdullah, Ali Adel, Tilston, Thomas W, Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Kotecha, Deevia, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Toma, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofroni, Krishna, Kandaswamy, Orchard, Melanie, Ho, Chik Wai, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, Jame, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Molina, George, Kaafarani, Haytham, Beyene, Robel, Sava, Jack, Scott, Mark, Swaroop, Mamta, Kennedy, Raelene, Azodo, Ijeoma A, Heffernan, Daithi, Chun, Tristen, Stephen, Andrew, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Etchill, Eric, Puyana, Juan Carlo, Kesinger, Matthew, Napolitano, Lena, To, Kathleen, Hemmila, Mark, Todd, Oliver, Jenner, Edward, Hoogakker, Ellen, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Beleño, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Fermani, Claudio Gabriel, Balmaceda, Rubén, Villalobos, Santiago, Carmona, Juan Manuel, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Karim, Sabbir, Aman, Nowrin F., Estee, Mahnuma Mahfuz, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Kanta, Tasnia Hamid, Tori, Sayeeda Aktar, Alamin, Shadid, Roy, Swapnil, Al Amin, Shadid, Karim, Rezaul, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar, Farhana, O'Shea, Margaret, Padmore, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dziani, Khokha, Vladimir, Djivoh, Fernande, Dossou, Franci, Seto, Djifid Morel, Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Keke, Kpèmahouton René, Hodonou, Fred, Ahounou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane, Alihonou, Thierry, Dénakpo, Max, Ahlonsou, Germain, Bedada, Alemayehu Ginbo, Nsengiyumva, Carlo, Kwizera, Sandrine, Barendegere, Venerand, Choi, Philip, Jamal, Luai, Chen, Tzu‐Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Zapata, Felipe, Lanau, Maria Isabel Villega, Restrepo, Ivan Mendoza, Giraldo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo, Youssef, Mohamed, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel‐Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed, Ghanem, Ahmed, Denewar, Adel, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Eman, Sakr, Ahmad, Elashry, Rehab, Emile, Sameh, Khafagy, Toqa, Elhamouly, Sara, Elfarargy, Arwa, Mohamed, Amna Mamdouh, Nagy, Ghada Saied, Esam, Abeer, Elwy, Eman, Hammad, Aya, Khallaf, Salwa, Ibrahim, Eman, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Ahmed, Mohammed, Amany Eldosouky, Elgheriany, Mohammed, Abdelmageed, Eman, Al Raouf, Eman Abd, Elbanby, Esraa Samir, Elmasry, Maha, Farahat, Mahitab Morsy, Mansor, Eman Yahya, Hegazy, Eman Magdy, Gamal, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Kandil, Hend, Abdelrouf, Doaa Maher, Moaty, Mohamed, Gamal, Dina, El‐Sagheer, Nada, Salah, Mohamed, Magdy, Salma, Salah, Asmaa, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Badawy, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Sara, Mohamed, Mazed, Assal, Abdelrahman, Sleem, Mohamed, Ebidy, Mai, Elrazek, Aly Abd, Zahran, Diaaaldin, Adam, Nourhan, Nazir, Mohamed, Hassanein, Adel B, Ismail, Ahmed, Elsawy, Amira, Mamdouh, Rana, Mabrouk, Mohamed, Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed, Alnaby, Mohamed Hassab, Magdy, Eman, Abd‐Elmawla, Manar, Fahim, Marwan, Mowafy, Bassant, Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim, Allam, Meran, Alkelani, Muhammad, El Gendy, Noran Halim, Aboul‐Naga, Mariam Saad, El‐Din, Reham Alaa, Elgendy, Alyaa Halim, Ismail, Mohamed, Shalaby, Mahmoud, Elsharkawy, Aya Adel, Moghazy, Mahmoud Elsayed, Elbisomy, Khaled Hesham, Shakshouk, Hend Adel Gawad, Hamed, Mohamed Fouad, Ebidy, Mai Mohamed, Ahmed, Hayam, Adel, Israa, Omar, Mohammad Elsayed, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Omar, Gamal, Shimaa, Hilal, Karim, Arafa, Omar, Awad, Sawsan Adel, Salem, Menatalla, Elsherif, Fawzia Abdellatif, Elsabbagh, Nourhan, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Rida, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad, Hossameldin, Amr, Hany, Ethar, Asar, Yomna Hosny, Anwar, Nourhan, Gadelkarim, Mohamed, Abdelhady, Samar, Morshedy, Eman Mohamed, Saad, Reham, Soliman, Nourhan, Salama, Mahmoud, Ezzat, Eslam, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Arwa, Fergany, Alaa, Mohammed, Sara, Reda, Aya, Allam, Yomna, Saad, Hanan Adel, Abdelfatah, Afnan, Fathy, Aya Mohamed, El‐Sehily, Ahmed, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Hassan, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset, Mohammed, Ahmed Rabeih, Saad, Abdalla Gamal, Ibrahim, Arij, Hassaan, Amr, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Elhoseny, Ghada, Magdy, Mohamed, Elkhalek, Esraa Abd, Zakaria, Yehia, Ezzat, Tarek, El Dahab, Ali Abo, Kelany, Mohamed, Arafa, Sara, Hassan, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Sleem, Ahmad Saber, Ahmed, Hussien, Abdelbadeai, Kholoud, Abdullah, Mohamed Abozed, Lokman, Muhammad Amsyar Auni, Bahar, Suraya, Abdelazeam, Anan Rady, Adelshone, Abdelrahman, Hasnan, Muhammad Bin, Zulkifli, Athirah, Kamarulzamil, Siti Nur Alia, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz, Latif, Aliang, Adnan, Ahmad Bin, Shaharuddin, Shahadatul, Majid, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul, Al‐Marakby, Dina, Ismail, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin, Basir, Elissa Rifhan Mohd, Ali, Citra Dewi Mohd, Ata, Aya Yehia, Nasr, Maha, Rezq, Asmaa, Sheta, Ahmed, Tariq, Sherif, Sallam, Abd Elkhalek, Darwish, Abdelrhman KZ, Elmihy, Sohaila, Elhadry, Shady, Farag, Ahmed, Hajeh, Haidar, Abdelaal, Abdelaziz, Aglan, Amro, Zohair, Ahmed, Essam, Mahitab, Moussa, Omar, El‐Gizawy, Esraa, Samy, Mostafa, Ali, Safia, Elhalawany, Esraa, Ata, Ahmed, El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Mohamed, Soliman, Samar, Elazab, Alaa, Samy, Mostada, Abdelaziz, Mohamed A, Ibrahim, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed, Gado, Ammar, Eldeen, Esraa Alm, loaloa, Mohamed Reda, Abouzaid, Arwa, Eldin, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa, Hashad, Eman, Sroor, Fathy, Gamil, Doaa, Abdulhakeem, Eman Mahmoud, Zakaria, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Fawzy, Abubakr, Marwan, Ali, Elsayed, Magdy, Hesham, Ramadan, Menna Tallah, Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelaty, Mansour, Salma, Amin, Hager Abdul Aziz, Mohamed, Ahmed Rabie, Saami, Mahmoud, Elsayed, Nada Ahmed Reda, Tarek, Adham, Mahmoud, Sabry Mohy Eldeen, El Sayed, Islam Magdy, Reda, Amira, Shawky, Martina Yusuf, Salem, Mohammed Mousa, El‐Din, Shahinaz Alaa, Soliman, Noha Abdullah, Talaat, Muhammed, Alaael‐Dein, Shahinaz, Elhusseiny, Ahmed Abd Elmoen, Abdullah, Noha, Elshaar, Mohammed, Ibraheem, Aya AbdelFatah, Abdulaziz, Hager, Ismail, Mohammed Kamal, Madkor, Mona Hamdy, Abdelaty, Mohamed, Abdel‐Kader, Sara Mahmoud, Salah, Osama Mohamed, Eldafrawy, Mahmoud, Eldeeb, Ahmed Zaki, Eid, Mostafa Mahmoud, Attia, Attia, Shwky, Ayman, Badenjki, Mohamed Adel, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Al Attar, Samaa Mahmoud, Sayed, Farrag, Sabour, Fahd Abdel, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Shawqi, Muhammad, Hashim, Abdullah, Aamer, Ahmed, Abdelraouf, Ahmed Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Amal, Mahmoud, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali, Qenawy, Mostafa, Rashed, Ahmed M., Dahy, Ahmed, Sayed, Marwa, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Mohamed, Bakeer, Hasan, Ahmad, Saad, Mahmoud M., Bassit, Khalil Abdul, El‐Latif, Nadia Khalid Abd, Elzahed, Nada, El Kashash, Ahmed, Bekhet, Nada Mohamed, Hafez, Sarah, Gad, Ahmed, Maher, Mahmoud Elkhadragy, Elsameea, Ahmed Abd, Hafez, Mohamed, Sabe, Ahmad, Ahmed, Ataa, Shahine, Ahmed, Dawood, Khaled, Gaafar, Shireen, Husseiny, Reem, Aboelmagd, Omnia, Soliman, Ahmed, Mesbah, Nourhan, Emadeldin, Hossam, Al Meligy, Amgad, Bekhet, Amira Hassan, Hasan, Doaa, Alhady, Khaled, Sabe, Ahmad Khaled, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Aboelella, Majed, Hamsho, Ward, Hassan, Ihab, Saad, Hala, Abdelazim, Galaleldin, Mahmoud, Hend, Wael, Noha, Kandil, Ahmedali M, Magdy, Ahmed, Elkholy, Shimaa Said, Adel, Badr Eldin, Dabbour, Kareem, Elsherbiney, Saged, Mattar, Omar, Abdrabou, Abdulshafi Khaled, Aly, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed, Geuoshy, Abdelrahman, Elnagar, Ahmedglal, Ahmed, Saraibrahim, Abdelmotaleb, Ibrahem, Saleh, Amr Ahmed, Saeed, Manar, Mahmoud, Shady, Tawfik, Badreldin Adel, Ismail, Samar Adel, Zakaria, Esraay, Gad, Mariam O., Elhelbawy, Mohamed Salah, Bassem, Monica, Maraie, Noha, Elhadary, Nourhan Medhat, Semeda, Nourhan, Mohamed, Shaza Rabie, Bakry, Hesham Mohammed, Essam, AA, Tarek, Dina, Ashour, Khlood, Elhadad, Alaa, Abdel‐Aty, Abdulrahman, Rakha, Ibrahim, Matter, Sara Mamdouh, Abdelhamed, Rasha, Abdelkader, Omar, Hassaan, Ayat, Soliman, Yasmin, Mohamed, Amna, Farouk, Sara Amr Mohamed, Ibrahim, Eman Mohamed, El‐Taher, Esraa, Mostafa, Merna, Badr, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrou, Elsemelawy, Rofida, El‐Sawy, Aya, Bakr, Ahmad, Al Rafati, Ahmad Abdel Razaq, Saar, Sten, Reinsoo, Arvo, Seyoum, Nebyou, Worku, Tewodro, Fitsum, Agazi, Tolonen, Matti, Parmentier, Benoît, Dardenne, Sabrina, Robert, Elsa, Maillot, Betty, Courboin, Etienne, Hascoet, Juliette, Kaci, Amir Ait, Prudhomme, Thoma, Ballouhey, Quentin, Grosos, Céline, Fourcade, Laurent, Cecilia, Tolg, Jean‐Francois, Colombani, Helene, Francois‐Coridon, Delforge, Xavier, Haraux, Elodie, Dousset, Bertrand, Schiavone, Roberto, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Marret, Jean‐Baptiste, Haffreingue, Aurore, Rod, Julien, Renaux‐Petel, Mariette, Lecompte, Jean‐Françoi, Bréaud, Jean, Gastaldi, Pauline, Taieb, Chouikh, Claire, Raquillet, Anis, Echaieb, Bustangi, Nasir, Lopez, Manuel, Grella, Maria Giovanna, Mariani, Aurora, Schmitt, Françoise, Broch, Aline, Bandoh, Dickson, Kyereh, Martin, Asumah, Hamza, Appiah, Eric Kofi, Wondoh, Paul, Gyedu, Adam, Dally, Charle, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Amoah, Michael, Yifieyeh, Abiboye, Amoako‐Boateng, Mabel, Dayie, Makafui, Hagan, Richmond, Debrah, Sam, Ohene‐Yeboah, Micheal, Clegg‐Lampety, Joe‐Nat, Etwire, Victor, Dakubo, Jonathan, Essoun, Samuel, Bonney, William, Glover‐Addy, Hope, Osei‐Nketiah, Samuel, Amoako, Joachim, Adu‐Aryee, Niiarmah, Appeadu‐Mensah, William, Bediako‐Bowan, Antoinette, Dedey, Florence, Ekow, Mattew, Akatibo, Emmanuel, Yakubu, Musah, Kordorwu, Hope Edem Kofi, Asare‐Bediako, Kwasi, Tackie, Enoch, Aaniana, Kenneth, Acquah, Emmanuel, Opoku‐Agyeman, Richard, Avoka, Anthony, Kusi, Kwasi, Maison, Kwame, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Barnabas, Gandau Naa, Abdul‐Latif, Saiba, Amoako, Philip Taah, Davor, Anthony, Dassah, Victor, Dagoe, Enoch, Kwakyeafriyie, Prince, Akoto, Elliot, Ackom, Eric, Mensah, Ekow, Atkins, Ebenezer Takyi, Coompson, Christian Lari, Ivros, Nikolao, Ferousis, Christoforo, Kalles, Vasileio, Kyriazanos, Ioanni, Barkolias, Christo, Tselos, Angelo, Tzikos, Georgio, Voulgaris, Evangelo, Bamicha, Athanasia, Stefanopoulos, Anastasio, Patoulias, Ioanni, Sfougaris, Dimitrio, Valioulis, Ioanni, Balalis, Dimitrio, Korkolis, Dimitrio, Manatakis, Dimitrios K, Kyrou, Georgio, Karabelias, Georgio, Papaskarlatos, Iason‐Antonio, Konstantina, Kolonia, Zampitis, Nikolao, Papailia, Aspasia, Theodosopoulos, Theodosio, Gkiokas, Georgio, Mitroudi, Magdalini, Panteli, Christina, Feidantsis, Thoma, Farmakis, Konstantino, Kyziridis, Dimitrio, Ioannidis, Oresti, Parpoudi, Styliani, Parasyris, Stavro, Margaritis, Michail, Aguilera‐Arevalo, Maria‐Lorena, Coyoy‐Gaitan, Otto, Rosales, Javier, Tale, Lui, Rodriguez, Servio Tulio Torre, Galvez, Carlos Paz, Cruz, Danilo Herrera, Rosenberg, Guillermo Sanchez, Matheu, Alejandro, Cohen, David Monterroso, Paul, Marie, Charles, Angeline, Lam, Justin Chak Yiu, Yeung, Man Hon Andrew, Fok, Chi Ying Jacquelyn, Li, Ka Hin Gabriel, Lai, Anthony Chuk‐Him, Cheung, Yuk Hong Eric, Wong, Hong Yee, Leung, Ka Wai, Lee, Tien Seng Bryan, Lam, Wai Him, Dao, Weihei, Kwok, Stephanie Hiu‐wai, Chan, Tsz‐Yan Katie, Ng, Yung Kok, Mak, TWC, Foo, Chi Chung, Yang, Jame, Bhatnagar, Ankur, Upadhyaya, Vijaid, Muddebihal, Uday, Dar, Wasim, Janardha, KC, Aruldas, Neerav, Adella, Fidelis Jacklyn, Rulie, Anthonius Santoso, Iskandar, Ferdy, Setiawan, Jonny, Evajelista, Cicilia Viany, Natalie, Hani, Suyadi, Arlindawati, Gunawan, Rudy, Karismaningtyas, Herlin, Mata, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih, Andika, Ferry Fitriya Ayu, Hasanah, Afifatun, Widiastini, T Ariani, Purwaningsih, Nurlaila Ayu, Mukin, Annisa Dewi Fitriana, Rahmah, Dina Faizatur, Nurqistan, Hazmi Dwinanda, Arsyad, Hasbi Maulana, Adhitama, Novia, Jeo, Wifanto Saditya, Sutandi, Nathania, Clarissa, Audrey, Gultom, Phebe Anggita, Billy, Matthew, Haloho, Andrea, Johanna, Nadya, Lee, Felix, Dorani, Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin, Glynn, Martha, Alherz, Mohammad, Goh, Wennweoi, Shiwani, Haaris A., Sproule, Lorraine, Conlon, Kevin C., Bala, Miklosh, Kedar, Asaf, Bianco, Federica, Steccanella, Francesca, Gallo, Gaetano, Trompetto, Mario, Clerico, Giuseppe, Papandrea, Matteo, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sacco, Rosario, Giavarini, Luisa, Giglio, Mariano Cesare, Bucci, Luigi, Pagano, Gianluca, Sollazzo, Viviana, Peltrini, Roberto, Luglio, Gaetano, Birindelli, Arianna, Mingrone, Pietro, Selvaggi, Francesco, Selvaggi, Lucio, Pellino, Gianluca, Di Martino, Natale, Curletti, Gianluca, Aonzo, Paolo, Galleano, Raffaele, Berti, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Boni, Silvia, Lorenzon, Laura, lo Conte, Annalisa, Balducci, Genoveffa, Confalonieri, Gianmaria, Pesenti, Giovanni, Gavagna, Laura, Vasquez, Giorgio, Targa, Simone, Occhionorelli, Savino, Andreotti, Dario, Armellini, Andrea, Chiesa, Deborah, Aquilino, Fabrizio, Chetta, Nicola, Picciariello, Arcangelo, Abdelkhalek, Mohamed, Belli, Andrea, De Franciscis, Silvia, Bigaran, Annamaria, Favero, Alessandro, Basso, Stefano M.M, Salusso, Paola, Perino, Martina, Mochet, Sylvie, Sasia, Diego, Riente, Francesco, Migliore, Marco, Basilicò, Silvia, Corbellini, Carlo, Lazzari, Veronica, Angelieri, Daniele, Coletta, Diego, Falaschi, Federica, Catani, Marco, Reali, Claudia, Malavenda, Mariastella, Del Basso, Celeste, Ribaldi, Sergio, Coletti, Massimo, Natili, Andrea, Depalma, Norma, Iannone, Immacolata, Antoniozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Davide, Gui, Daniele, Perrotta, Gerardo, Ripa, Matteo, Giardino, Francesco Ruben, Foco, Maurizio, Vicario, Erika, Nita, Gabriela Elisa, Leone, Nicoletta, Simioni, Andrea, De Boni, Davide, Pasquali, Sandro, Goldin, Elena, Vendramin, Elena, Ciccioli, Eleonora, Tedeschi, Umberto, Violi, Paola, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Conci, Simone, Lazzari, Giovanni, Iacono, Calogero, Gulielmi, Alfredo, Manfreda, Serena, Rinaldi, Anna, Ringressi, Maria Novella, Brunoni, Beatrice, Salamone, Giuseppe, Mangiapane, Mirko, De Marco, Paolino, La Brocca, Antonella, Tutino, Roberta, Silvestri, Vania, Licari, Leo, Fontana, Tommaso, Falco, Nicolò, Cocorullo, Gianfranco, Shalaby, Mostafa, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Arcudi, Claudio, Bsisu, Isam, Aljboor, Khaled, Abusalem, Lana, Alnusairat, Aseel, Qaissieh, Ahmad, Al‐Dakka, Emad, Ababneh, Ali, Halhouli, Oday, Yusufali, Taha, Mohammed, Hussein, Lando, Justu, Parker, Robert, Ndegwa, Wairimu, Gribauskaite, Jolanta, Kuliavas, Justa, Dulskas, Audriu, Samalavicius, Narimantas E., Jasaitis, Kristijona, Parseliunas, Audriu, Nevieraite, Viktorija, Slapelyte, Evelina, Dainius, Edvina, Subocius, Andreju, Venclauskas, Lina, Gulbinas, Antana, Kasputyte, Simona, Mikuckyte, Deimante, Kiudelis, Mindauga, Jankus, Toma, Petrikenas, Stepona, Pažuskis, Mata, Urniežius, Zigmanta, Vilčinskas, Manta, Banaitis, Vincas Jona, Gaižauskas, Vytauta, Grisin, Edvard, Mazrimas, Povila, Drungilas, Manta, Lagunavicius, Karoli, Lipnickas, Vytauta, Majauskyté, Dovilè, Abaliksta, Toma, Uščinas, Laimona, Simutis, Gintara, Ladukas, Adoma, Danys, Donata, Sruogiene, Elena Zdanyte, Višinskas, Petra, Žilinskienė, Reda, Dragatas, Deivida, Burmistrovas, Andriu, Tverskis, Zygimanta, Vaicius, Artura, Mazelyte, Ruta, Zadoroznas, Antana, Žiubrytė, Greta, Rahantasoa, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence, Samison, Luc Hervé, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Fanjandrainy, Tolotra, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina, Mukuzunga, Corneliu, Kwatiwani, Chimwemwe, Msiska, Nelson, Chai, Feng Yih, Asilah, Siti Mohd Desa, Syibrah, Khuzaimah Zahid, Chin, Pui Xin, Riswan, Nur Zulaika, Chong, Hoong‐Yin, Aziz, Nora Abdul, Poh, Keat‐Seong, Chai, Chu‐Ann, Kumar, Sandip, Taher, Mustafa Mohammed, Aziz, Dayang Nita Abdul, Julaihi, Rokayah, Jethwani, Durvesh Lacthman, Yahaya, Muhammad Taqiyuddin, Mathew, Susan Wndy, Chung, Kuet Jun, Nirumal, Milaksh Kumar, Tze, R. Goh Ern, Ali, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan, Gan, Yiing Yee, Ting, Jesse Ron Swire, Sii, Samuel S. Y., Koay, Kean Leong, Tan, Yi Koon, Cheah, Alvin Ee Zhiun, Wong, Chui Yee, Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Tuan, Chow, Crystal Yern Nee, Har, Prisca A.L., Der, Yishan, Henry, Fitjerald, Low, Xinwei, Neo, Ya Theng, Heng, Hian Ee, Kong, Shu Ning, Gan, Cheewei, Mok, Yi Ting, Tan, Yee Wen, Palayan, Kandasami, Tata, Mahadevan Deva, Cheong, Yih Jeng, Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran, 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Wan Nurul, Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren, Lee, Eu Xian, Saw, Jian Er, Yeang, Li Jing, Koh, Pei Ying, Lim, Shyang Yee, Teo, Shuang Yi, Grech, Nicole, Magri, Daniela, Cassar, Kristina, Mizzi, Christine, Falzon, Malcolm, Shaikh, Nihaal, Scicluna, Ruth, Zammit, Stefan, Mizzi, Sean, Brincat, Svetlana Dori, Tembo, Thelma, Le, Vu Thanh Hien, Grima, Tara, Sammut, Keith, Carabott, Kurt, Zarb, Ciskje, Navarro, Andre, Dimech, Thea, Camilleri, Georgette Marie, Bertuello, Isaac, Dalli, Jeffrey, Bonavia, Karl, Corro‐Diaz, Samantha, Manriquez‐Reyes, Marisol, Abdelhamid, Amina, Hrora, Abdelmalek, Benammi, Sarah, Bachri, Houda, Abbouch, Meryem, Boukhal, Khaoula, Bennai, Redouane Mammar, Belkouchi, Abdelkader, Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi, Benyaiche, Chaymae, Vermaas, Maarten, Duinhouwer, Lucia, Pastora, Javier, Wood, Greta, Merlo, Maria Soledad, Ajao, Akinlabi, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Lawal, Taiwo, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu, Alada, Muslimat, Nasir, Abdulrasheed, Habeeb, Olufemi, Mendel, Henry, Bello, Bashir, Muktar, Umar, Olajide, Thomas Olagboyega, Oshati, Oyindamola, Ihediwa, George, Adenekan, Babajide, Nwinee, Victor, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq, Bode, Chri, Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa, Odutola, Oluwatomi, Adebola, Oluwaseyi, Onuoha, Clement, Balogun, Fatai, Ajai, Olalekan, Njokanma, Iloba, Kache, Stephen, Ajah, Jonathan, Makama, Jerry, Adamu, Ahmed, Baba, Suleiman, Aliyu, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Ukwenya, Yahaya, Aliyu, Halima, Sholadoye, Tunde, Daniyan, Muhammad, Ogunsua, Oluseyi, Sheshe, Abdurrahaman, Mshelbwala, Philip, Samson, Garba, Timothy, Oyediran Kehinde, Samuel, Sani Ali, Ajiboye, Anthony, Amole, Isaac, Abiola, Olajide, Olaolorun, Akin, Veen, Torhild, Kanani, Arezo, Styles, Kristian, Herikstad, Ragnar, Larsen, Johannes Wiik, Søreide, Jon Arne, Jensen, Elisabeth, Gran, Mad, Aahlin, Eirik Kju, Gaarder, Tina, Monrad‐Hansen, Peter Wiel, Næss, Pål Aksel, Lauzikas, Giedriu, Wiborg, Joachim, Holte, Silje, Augestad, Knut Magne, Banipal, Gurpreet Singh, Moe, Thomas Teten, Schultz, Johannes Kurt, Al‐taher, Taher, Hamdan, Ayah, Salman, Ayman, Saadeh, Rana, Musleh, Aseel, Jaradat, Dana, Abushamleh, Soha, Hanoun, Sakhaa, Qumbos, Amjad Abu, Hamarshi, Aseel, Taher, Ayman And, Qawasmi, Israa, Qurie, Khalid, Altarayra, Marwa, Ghannam, Mohammad, Shaheen, Alaa, Herebat, Azher, Abdelhaq, Aram, Shalabi, Ahmad, Abu‐toyour, Maram, Asi, Fatema, Shamasneh, Ala, Atiyeh, Anwar, Mustafa, Mousa, Zaa'treh, Rula, Dabboor, Majd, Alaloul, Ena, Baraka, Heba, Meqbil, Jehad, Al‐Buhaisi, Alaa, Elshami, Mohamedraed, Afana, Samah, Jaber, Sahar, Alyacoubi, Said, Abuowda, Yousef, Idress, Tasneem, Abuqwaider, Eman, Al‐saqqa, Sara, Bowabsak, Alaa, El Jamassi, Alaa, Hasanain, Doaa, Al‐farram, Hadeel, Salah, Maram, Firwana, Aya, Hamdan, Marwa, Awad, Israa, Ashour, Ahmad, Al Barrawi, Fayez Elian, Al‐khatib, Ahmed, Al‐faqawi, Maha, Fares, Mohamed, Elmashala, Amjad, Adawi, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa, Khreishi, Reem, Khreishi, Rose, ashour, Ahmad, Ghaben, Ahed, Nadeem, Najwa, Saqlain, Muhammad, Abbasy, Jibran, Alvi, Abdul Rehman, Shahzad, Noman, Butt, Muhammad Talha, Asaat ul Razi, Syed, Ahmed, Asdaq, Niazi, Ali Khan, Raza, Ibrahim, Baluch, Fatima, Raza, Ahmed, Bani‐Sadar, Ahmad, Adil, Muhammad, Raza, Awai, Javaid, Mahnoor, Waqar, Muhammad, Khan, Maryam Ali, Arshad, Mohammad Mohsin, Amjad, Mohammadasim, Cardozo, Jorge Torre, Roche, Marcelo O'Higgin, Servin, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen, Lopez, Larissa Ines Páez, Cardozo, Ramón Augusto Melo, Espinoza, Fernando, Rojas, Angel David Pérez, Sanchez, Diana, Samaniego, Camila Sanchez, Torres, Shalon Guevara, Calua, Alexander Canta, Razuri, Cesar, Ortiz, Nadia, Rodriguez, Xianelle, Carrasco, Nahilia, Saravia, Fridiz, Miyasato, Hector Shibao, Valcarcel‐Saldaña, María, Bermúdez, Ysabel Esthefany Alejo, Carpio, Juan, Panez, Walter Ruiz, Orbegozo, Pedro Angel Toribio, Dueñas, Carolina Guzmán, Espinoza, Kevin Turpo, Barrantes, Ana Maria Sandoval, Bravo, Jorge Armando Chungui, Fuentes‐Rivera, Lorena, Fernández, Carmen, Málaga, Bárbara, Ye, Joselyn, Velasquez, Ricardo, Salcedo, Jannin, Contreras‐Vergara, Ana Lucia, Mejia, Angelica Genoveva Vergara, Montejo, Maria Soledad Gonzale, Salas, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante, Ticona, Willy Alcca, Vargas, Marvin, Sila, George Christian Manrique, Mas, Robinson, Pilar Paucar, Arazzelly, Velásquez, Armando José Román, Robledo‐Rabanal, Alina, Solis, Ludwing Alexander Zeta, Espinoza, Kenny Turpo, Hamaguchi, José Luis Hamasaki, Farfan, Erick Samuel Florez, Barrientos, Linda Alvi Madrid, Matta, Juan Jaime Herrera, Mora, John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Roxas, Manuel Francisco, Maño, Maria Jesusa B., Parreno‐Sacdalan, Marie Dione, Almanon, Christel Leanne, Walędziak, Maciej, Roszkowski, Rafał, Janik, Michał, Lasek, Anna, Radkowiak, Dorota, Rubinkiewicz, Mateusz, Fernandes, Cristina, Muntean, Liviu, Popa, Mariuca, Mircea, Hogea, Diaconescu, Bogdan, Bratu, Matei Razvan, Negoi, Ionut, Ciubotaru, Cezar, Uzabumwana, Norbert, Duhoranenayo, Dieudonne, Idris, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Maghrabi, Ashraf, Alkaaki, Aroub, Turkustani, Sondo, Khalifah, Eyad, Albiety, Adel, Sahel, Sarah, Alshareef, Reham, Alzahrani, Mohammed Najjar Ahmed, Alghamdi, Ahmed, Alhazmi, Wedyan, Al Saied, Ghiath, Alamoudi, Mohammed, Riaz, Muhammed Masood, Alhassan, Basmah, Altamimi, Abdullah, Alyahya, Reem, Al Subaie, Norah, Al Bastawis, Fatema, Khan, Roaa, Radojkovic, Milan, Jeremic, Ljiljana, Nestorovic, Milica, Law, Jia Hao, Tan, Keith Say Kwang, Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat, Tan, Joel Kin, Joel, Lau Wen Liang, Chan, Xue Wei, Leong, Faith Qi Hui, Chong, Choon Seng, Koh, Sharon, Lee, Kai Yin, Lee, Kuok Chung, Pluke, Kent, Dedekind, Britta, Nashidengo, Puyearashid, Hampton, Mark Ian, Joosten, Johanna, Sobnach, Sanju, Roodt, Liana, Sander, Anthony, Pape, Jame, Maistry, Niveshni, Ndwambi, Phumudzo, Kinandu, Kamau, Du Toit, Frederick, Ellison, Quinn, Burger, Sule, Grobler, DC, Khulu, Lawrence Bongani, Leusink, Astrid, Kariem, Nazmie, Gouws, Juan, Chu, Kathryn, Bougard, Heather, Noor, Fazlin, Dell, Angela, Van Straten, Stephanie, Khamajeet, Arvin, Tshisola, Serge Kapenda, Kabongo, Kalangu, Moodley, Yoshan, Anderson, Frank, Madiba, Thandinkosi, Plooy, Flip, Hartford, Leila, Chilton, Gareth, Karjiker, Parveen, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Badicel, Maria, Jaich, Robert, Ruiz‐Tovar, Jaime, Garcia‐Florez, Lui, Otero‐Díez, Jorge L., Pérez, Virginia Ramo, Suárez, Nuria Aguado, García, Javier Minguez, Moreno, Sara Corral, Collado, Maria Vicenta, Carneros, Virginia Jiménez, Septiem, Javier García, Gonzalez, Mariana, Picardo, Antonio, Esteban, Enrique, Ferrero, Esther, Espin‐Basany, Eloy, Blanco‐Colino, Ruth, Andriola, Valeria, Contreras, Elisa, Bernardo, Carmen García, Sanz, Sandra, León, Alberto Miyar, Dorismé, Asnel, Rodicio, Joselui, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Vico, Tamara Diaz, Fernandez‐Vega, Laura, Soldevila‐Verdeguer, Carla, Sena‐Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol‐Cano, Natalia, Diaz‐Jover, Paula, Garcia‐Perez, José Maria, Segura‐Sampedro, Juan Jose, Pineño‐Flores, Cristina, Ambrona‐Zafra, David, Craus‐Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez‐Morillas, Patricia, Mazzella, Angela, Jayathilake, A.B, Thalgaspitiya, S.P.B, Wijayarathna, L.S., Wimalge, P.M.S.N., Sanni, Hakeem Ayomi, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Omer, Omer Abdelbagi, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, Adam, Ali, Sokratous, Aresti, Breistrand, Michaela, Sigurdadottir, Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Chabok, Abba, Elbe, Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Forlin, Louise, Niska, Karoliina, Oswald, Denni, Peros, Georgio, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Palma, Adrian, Zumbühl, Luciu, Werder, Gabriela, Mahanty, Silke, Widmer, Lukas Werner, Müller, Julia, Gübeli, Alissa, Zuk, Grzegorz, Gulcicek, Osman Bilgin, Vartanoglu, Talar, Kose, Emin, Karahan, Servet Rustu, Aydin, Mehmet Can, Sahbaz, Nuri Alper, Halicioglu, Ilkay, Alis, Halil, Sapci, Ipek, Adıyaman, Can, Pektaş, Ahmet Murat, Cengiz, Turgut Bora, Tansoker, Ilkan, Işler, Vedatcan, Cevik, Muazzez, Mutlu, Deniz, Ozben, Volkan, Ozmen, Berk Bari, Bayram, Sefa, Yolcu, Sinem, Kobal, Berna Buse, Toto, Ömer Faruk, Çakaloğlu, Haluk Cem, Karabulut, Kagan, Mutlu, Vahit, Celik, Saban, Semiz, Anil, Bodur, Selim, Gül, Enisburak, Murutoglu, Busra, Yildirim, Reyyan, Baki, Bahadir Emre, Arslan, Ekin, Ulusahin, Mehmet, Guner, Ali, Walker, Nathan, Shrimanker, Nikhita, Cole, Simon, Breslin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ravi, Hunter, Kristina, Al‐Bahrani, Ahmed, Mairs, Nora Grace, Rocke, Alistair, Dick, Lachlan, Qureshi, Mobeen, Chowdhury, Debkumar, Wright, Naomi, Skerritt, Clare, Kufeji, Dorothy, Ho, Adrienne, Dissanayake, Tharindra, Tennakoon, Athula, Ali, Wadah, Tan, Charlene, O'Neill, Stephen, Knight, Stephen, Nassif, Dima, Sharma, Abhishek, White, Rebecca, Mehdi, Aia, Post, Nathan, Kalakouti, Eliana, Dashnyam, Enkhbat, Stourton, Frederick, Mykoniatis, Ioanni, Wong, Francisca, Gupta, Ashish, Shatkar, Veeranna, Kadiwar, Suraj, Smedley, Alexander, Wakefield, Rebecca, Herrod, Philip, Blackwell, Jame, Cohen, Fraser, Bandi, Ashwath, Bond‐Smith, Gile, Farhangmehr, Neda, Perenyei, Miklo, Ireland, Philip, Bowling, Kirk, Bunting, David, Longstaff, Lydia, Keogh, Kenneth, Jeon, Hyunjin, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, Khosla, Shivun, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, Jame, Alhammali, Tariq, Oram, Shaun, Kidd, Thoma, Cullen, Fraser, Owen, Christopher, Wilson, Michael, Chiu, Seehui, Sarafilovic, Hannah, Ploski, Jennifer, Evans, Elizabeth, Abbas, Athar, Kamya, Sylvia, Ishak, Norzawani, Bisset, Carly, Andress, Cedar, Chin, Ye Ru, Patel, Priya, Evans, David, Haslegrave, Aidan, Boggon, Adam, Laurie, Kirsten, Mann, Thoma, Mansuri, Anahita, Davies, Rachel, Shahbaz, Aized Raza, Eng, Calvin, Din, Farhat, L'Heveder, Ariadne, Park, Esther H.G., Ravishankar, Ramanish, McIntosh, Kirsten, Yau, Jih Dar, Chan, Luke, McGarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhan Herr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Ang, Yun Lin, Walls, Luke, Roy, Chloe, Paterson‐Brown, Simon, Mclean, Kenneth, D'Souza, Michelle S, Pronin, Savva, Henshall, David Ewart, Ter, Eunice Zuling, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, Torrance, Hew D, Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammed Akil, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Jama, Guled M., Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan, Heard, Rachel, Chen, Kar Yan, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Datta, Uttaran, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Tani, Sobhana Iftekhar, Donnelly, Philippa, Walker, Michael, Blacker, Sarah, Kaul, Anil, Paramasivan, Arjun, Farag, Sameh, Nessa, Ashrafun, Awadallah, Salwa, Lim, Jieqi, Ng, James Chean Khun, Kiran, Ravi P., Murray, Alice, Dasari, Mohini, Puyana, Juan, Haddad, Nadeem, Zielinski, Martin, Choudhry, Asad, Caliman, Celeste, Beamon, Mieshia, Duane, Therese, Myers, Jonathan, Deal, Rebecca, Makupe, Alex, Musowoya, Joseph, Van Der Naald, Niel, Kumwenda, Dayson, Reece‐Smith, Alex, Otten, Kar, Verbeek, Anna, Prins, Marloe, Suarez, Alibeth Andres Baquero, Deane, Chelsea, Dijan, Emilio, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Koskenvuo, Laura, Thollot, Aurore, Limoges, Bernard, Capito, Carmen, Alexandre, Challine, Kotobi, Henri, Leroux, Julien, Pinnagoda, Kalitha, Henric, Nicola, Azzis, Olivier, Rosello, Olivier, Francois, Poddevin, Etienne, Sara, Buisson, Philippe, Hmila, Sophian, Clegg‐Lamptey, Joe‐Nat, Imoro, Osman, Abem, Owusu Emmanuel, Papageorgiou, Dimitrio, Soulou, Vasiliki, Asturias, Sabrina, Peña, Lenin, O'Connor, Donal B, Luc, Alberto Reali, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Taddei, Antonio, Cona, Camilla, Bottini, Corrado, Pascale, Giovanni, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Solaini, Leonardo, Pascale, Marco Maria, Notarnicola, Margherita, Corbellino, Mario, Sacco, Michele, Ubiali, Paolo, Cautiero, Roberto, Bocchetti, Tommaso, Muzio, Elena, Guglielmo, Vania, Morandi, Eugenio, Mao, Patrizio, De Luca, Emilia, Ali, Farah Mahmoud, Žilinskas, Justa, Kondrotas, Pauliu, Baltrunas, Roberta, Kutkevicius, Juoza, Ignatavicius, Povila, Tan, Choy Ling, Siaw, Jia Yng, Yam, Sir Young, Wilson, Ling, Aziz, Mohamed Rezal Abdul, Bondin, John, Zorrilla, Carmina Diaz, Majbar, Ana, Sale, Danjuma, Abdullahi, Lawal, Osagie, Olabisi, Faboya, Omolara, Fatuga, Adedeji, Taiwo, Agboola, Nwabuoku, Emeka, Bliksøen, Marte, Khan, Zain Ali, Coronel, Jazmin, Miranda, Cesar, Vasquez, Idelso, Helguero‐Santin, Luis M., Rickard, Jennifer, Adedeji, Adesina, Alqahtani, Saleh, Rath, Max, Van Niekerk, Michael, Koto, Modise Zacharia, Matos‐Puig, Roel, Israelsson, Leif, Schuetz, Tobia, Yuksek, Mahmut Arif, Mericliler, Meric, Uluşahin, Mehmet, Yong, Guo Liang, Whitehurst, Katharine, Redgrave, Natalie, Musyoka, Caroluce K, Olivier, Jame, Lee, Kathryn, Cox, Michael, Farhan‐Alanie, Muhamed M H, Callan, Rory, Chibuye, Chali, Ali, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Sam, Zi Hao, Chen, Jacky Hong Chieh, Roi, Dylan, Pugliesi, Thays Brunelli, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, Escobar, Eugenio Grasset, GlobSurg Collaboration, Group, and Sileri, P
Subjects: Male, modelos logísticos, medicine.medical_treatment, humanos, surgial care, Colorectal Neoplasm, países desarrollados, Logistic regression, outcomes, Global Health, urgencias médicas, 0302 clinical medicine, países en desarrollo, Surgical, estudios prospectivos, Colostomy, 80 and over, globalsurg, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Multivariate Analysi, mediana edad, Cancer, Aged, 80 and over, Emergencie, anciano, Anastomosis, colorectal resection, colostomy, Anastomosis, Surgical, General Medicine, Middle Aged, adulto, colostomy, colorectal cancer, human developlment index, 3. Good health, Colo-Rectal Cancer, traditional healers, Elective Surgical Procedures, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Colorectal Neoplasms, 6.4 Surgery, low income, Cohort study, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Aged, Emergencies, Humans, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, medicine.medical_specialty, neoplasias colorrectales, Logistic Model, cancer, anastomosis, surgical, income, stomas, colostomy procedure, colorectal resection, end colostomy, emergency surgical procedure, human development index, delay, Anastomosis, Perforation (oil well), lcsh:Surgery, GlobalSurg Collaborative, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Case mix index, Clinical Research, medicine, cancer, análisis multifactorial, emergency abdominal surgery, low income, surgial care, traditional healers, cancer, mortality, outcomes, delay, Elective Surgical Procedure, business.industry, Kirurgi, left colon resection, anastomosis, end colostomy, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, lcsh:RD1-811, Odds ratio, mortality, Surgery, Prospective Studie, business, Digestive Diseases, colostomía, emergency abdominal surgery
Abstract: Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6.9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15.5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77.6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57.5, 40.9 and 35.4 per cent; P, Medical Research Council, MR/N022114/1; National Institute for Health Research, 16/136/79
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Oral precursor lesions and malignant transformation – who, where, what, and when?

Author: Michaela Goodson, C. M. Robinson, Peter Thomson, Philip Sloan, and K. Cocks
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epithelial dysplasia, Pathology, Malignant transformation, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Grading (tumors), Aged, Retrospective Studies, Mouth neoplasm, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Mouth Mucosa, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Dermatology, stomatognathic diseases, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Otorhinolaryngology, Dysplasia, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Surgery, Leukoplakia, Oral, Oral Surgery, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Oral potentially malignant disorders (PMD) are recognisable mucosal conditions that have an unpredictable risk of transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a lethal and deforming disease of rising incidence. Contemporary management is based on clinical recognition of suspicious lesions and incisional biopsy to enable histopathological assessment and grading of dysplasia, together with excision of high-risk lesions and long-term surveillance. However, it is impossible to predict clinical outcome or risk of malignant transformation. Our aim was to evaluate the relevance of previously identified oral precursor lesions for the development of SCC and staging of disease. We therefore retrospectively reviewed 1248 cases of SCC diagnosed in oral and maxillofacial surgery units at Newcastle upon Tyne and Sunderland hospitals between 1996 and 2009. Of them, 58 identifiable precursor lesions became malignant but only 25 had been dysplastic on initial biopsy; 19 of 33 non-dysplastic lesions exhibited lichenoid inflammation only. SCC arose most often on the ventrolateral tongue and floor of the mouth, with a mean transformation time of 29.2 months. Transformation time was significantly shorter in men (p=0.018) and those over 70 years of age (p=0.010). Patients who consumed more than 21 units of alcohol/week and those who had had interventional laser surgery to treat precursor lesions, had higher-staged tumours (p=0.048). Although retrospective, this study shows that the results of incisional biopsy and grading of dysplasia have limited use as predictive tools, and supports the view that cancer may arise in the absence of recognisable epithelial dysplasia. Our findings confirm the importance of clinical vigilance and active surveillance in the management of all patients with clinically suspicious oral lesions, irrespective of the histological findings.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Managing oral potentially malignant disorders:A question of risk

Author: Peter Thomson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Psychological intervention, General Medicine, Surgery, Malignant transformation, Squamous carcinoma, Malignant state, Clinical Practice, Increased risk, medicine, Oral disease, business, Intensive care medicine
Abstract: The concept of an oral disease process that presents as a ‘potentially malignant state’ that is neither entirely benign nor frankly malignant is a difficult concept both for clinicians and their affected patients. While it is recognised that a range of oral mucosal conditions, now collectively termed ‘potentially malignant disorders’, harbour an increased risk of squamous carcinoma, we remain frustratingly unable in contemporary clinical practice to predict individual lesion behaviour, quantify the risk of malignant transformation or objectively plan interventions.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Identification of the high risk emergency surgical patient: Which risk prediction model should be used?

Author: Peter Thomson, Nigel Suggett, and Stephen Stonelake
Subjects: business.industry, Morbidity risk, Emergency laparotomy risk prediction mortality, General Medicine, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease, Identification (information), Emergency surgery, Medicine, Surgery, Medical emergency, Seniority, Level of care, business, Risk assessment, Original Research, Surgical patients
Abstract: Introduction National guidance states that all patients having emergency surgery should have a mortality risk assessment calculated on admission so that the ‘high risk’ patient can receive the appropriate seniority and level of care. We aimed to assess if peri-operative risk scoring tools could accurately calculate mortality and morbidity risk. Methods Mortality risk scores for 86 consecutive emergency laparotomies, were calculated using pre-operative (ASA, Lee index) and post-operative (POSSUM, P-POSSUM and CR-POSSUM) risk calculation tools. Morbidity risk scores were calculated using the POSSUM predicted morbidity and compared against actual morbidity according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Results The actual mortality was 10.5%. The average predicted risk scores for all laparotomies were: ASA 26.5%, Lee Index 2.5%, POSSUM 29.5%, P-POSSUM 18.5%, CR-POSSUM 10.5%. Complications occurred following 67 laparotomies (78%). The majority (51%) of complications were classified as Clavien–Dindo grade 2–3 (non-life-threatening). Patients having a POSSUM morbidity risk of greater than 50% developed significantly more life-threatening complications (CD 4–5) compared with those who predicted less than or equal to 50% morbidity risk (P = 0.01). Discussion Pre-operative risk stratification remains a challenge because the Lee Index under-predicts and ASA over-predicts mortality risk. Post-operative risk scoring using the CR-POSSUM is more accurate and we suggest can be used to identify patients who require intensive care post-operatively. Conclusions In the absence of accurate risk scoring tools that can be used on admission to hospital it is not possible to reliably audit the achievement of national standards of care for the ‘high-risk’ patient., Highlights • Emergency surgical patients require a mortality risk assessment upon admission. • There is wide variability of risk prediction in the available risk scoring methods. • Pre-operative risk scores do not reliably identify the high risk surgical patient. • The CR-POSSUM score predicts mortality risk accurately in emergency laparotomy. • The CR-POSSUM may be a useful tool in guiding the level of post-operative care.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. The INHANCE consortium: toward a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of head and neck cancer

Author: Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Dana Mates, Danièle Luce, Lorenzo Simonato, José Eluf-Neto, Michael Pawlita, Elaine M. Smith, Kim De Ruyck, Gwenn Menvielle, Cristina Bosetti, Deborah M. Winn, David Zaridze, Gabriella Cadoni, Keitaro Matsuo, Diego Serraino, Isabelle Stücker, Richard B. Hayes, Mia Hashibe, Andrew F. Olshan, Robert I. Haddad, David I. Conway, Guo-Pei Yu, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Simone Benhamou, Chu Chen, Brenda Diergaarde, Maura L. Gillison, Paul Brennan, Michael D. McClean, Kristina Kjærheim, Vladimir Bencko, Peter Rudnai, Guojun Li, Eleonora Fabianova, Pagona Lagiou, Thomas L. Vaughan, Witold Zatonski, Silvia Franceschi, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Rayjean J. Hung, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Antonio Agudo, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Martin Lacko, Erich M. Sturgis, Xavier Castellsagué, Fabio Levi, Luigino Dal Maso, Jolanta Lissowska, Carlo La Vecchia, Franco Merletti, Steve Schwartz, Oxana Shangina, Ariana Znaor, Gregory T. Wolf, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Ivana Holcatova, Wolfgang Ahrens, Rolando Herrero, Alexander W. Daudt, Kirsten B. Moysich, Heribert Ramroth, Karl T. Kelsey, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Ana M. B. Menezes, Philip Lazarus, Laura S. Rozek, Tongzhang Zheng, Paolo Boffetta, Jose P. Zevallos, Peter Thomson, Claire M. Healy, Stefania Boccia, Wilbert H.M. Peters, Stimson P. Schantz, Marta Vilensky, Joshua E. Muscat, Hermann Brenner, Sergio Koifman, Geoffrey Liu, Manoj B. Mahimkar, Leticia Fernandez, Winn, D.M., Lee, Y.-C., Hashibe, M., Boffetta, P., Agudo, A., Ahrens, W., Bencko, V., Benhamou, S., Boccia, S., Bosetti, C., Brennan, P., Brenner, H., Cadoni, G., Castellsague, X., Chen, C., Conway, D., Curado, M.P., D'Souza, G., Maso, L.D., Daudt, A.W., Ruyck, K.D., Diergaarde, B., Eluf-Neto, J., Fabianova, E., Fernandez, L., Franceschi, S., Gillison, M., Haddad, R.I., Hayes, R., Healy, C., Herrero, R., Hofmann, J., Holcátová, I., Hung, R., Kelsey, K., Kjaerheim, K., Koifman, S., Vecchia, C.L., Lacko, M., Lagiou, P., Lazarus, P., Levi, F., Li, G., Lissowska, J., Liu, G., Luce, D., Macfarlane, T., Mahimkar, M., Mates, D., Matsuo, K., McClean, M., Menezes, A., Menvielle, G., Merletti, F., Moysich, K., Muscat, J., Olshan, A., Pawlita, M., Peters, W.H.M., Ramroth, H., Rozek, L., Rudnai, P., Schantz, S., Schwartz, S., Serraino, D., Shangina, O., Simonato, L., Smith, E., Stucker, I., Sturgis, E.M., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila and Thomson, P., Vaughan, T., Vilensky, M., Wolf, G., Wünsch-Filho, V., Yu, G., Zaridze, D., Zatonski, W., Zevallos, J.P., Zhang, Z.-F., Zheng, T.-Z., and Znaor, A.
Subjects: Larynx, Data Pooling, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Research groups, Alcohol Drinking, Scientific productivity, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Humans, Medicine, Cooperative Behavior, Family history, Settore MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, General Dentistry, business.industry, Smoking, Head and neck cancer, Confounding, medicine.disease, Diet, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Socioeconomic Factors, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, epidemiology, head and neck cancer, Settore MED/31 - OTORINOLARINGOIATRIA, business
Abstract: The International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium is a collaboration of research groups leading large epidemiology studies to improve the understanding of the causes and mechanisms of head and neck cancer. The consortium includes investigators of 35 studies who have pooled their data on 25 500 patients with head and neck cancer (i.e., cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx) and 37 100 controls. The INHANCE analyses have confirmed that tobacco use and alcohol intake are key risk factors of these diseases and have provided precise estimates of risk and dose response, the benefit of quitting, and the hazard of smoking even a few cigarettes per day. Other risk factors include short height, lean body mass, low education and income, and a family history of head and neck cancer. Risk factors are generally similar for oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, although the magnitude of risk may vary. Some major strengths of pooling data across studies include more precise estimates of risk and the ability to control for potentially confounding factors and to examine factors that may interact with each other. The INHANCE consortium provides evidence of the scientific productivity and discoveries that can be obtained from data pooling projects. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Profiling cancer risk in oral potentially malignant disorders-A patient cohort study

Author: Daniel R. Smith, Michaela Goodson, and Peter Thomson
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Malignancy, Risk Assessment, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Malignant transformation, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Mouth neoplasm, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, 030206 dentistry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Squamous carcinoma, Surgery, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Otorhinolaryngology, Dysplasia, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, Periodontics, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Oral Surgery, Mouth Diseases, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Oral potentially malignant disorders harbour variable and unpredictable risk for squamous carcinoma development. Whilst current management strategies utilise histopathological diagnoses, dysplasia grading and targeted intervention for ‘high risk’ lesions, clinicians are unable to predict malignant potential. Methods Detailed, retrospective clinico-pathological analysis of potentially malignant lesions undergoing malignant transformation, from a 590 patient cohort treated by interventional laser surgery and followed for a mean of 7.3 years, was undertaken. Clinical outcome was documented at study census date (31 December 2014). Results 99 patients (16.8%) developed cancer: 71 (12%) seen ‘unexpectedly’ upon excision and 28 (4.8%) progressing to malignancy at a median of 87.3 months post-surgery. 30 ‘unexpected’ excisions were micro-invasive (42.3%) arising primarily in severely dysplastic precursors (75%) at ventro-lateral tongue and floor of mouth sites (54.5%); 1 patient (1.4%) had a cancer-related death, whilst 58 (81.7%) were disease free. 19 of 28 ‘progressive’ cancers (67.9%) arose at new sites, with erythroleukoplakia a significant predictor of malignancy (p=0.0019). 9 (32.1%) developed at the same precursor site, with 6 (77.7%) on the ventro-lateral tongue and floor of mouth. 3 (10.7%) were micro-invasive, 9 patients (32.1%) died from metastatic disease and 12 (42.9%) were disease free (p
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Efficacy of oral brush biopsy in potentially malignant disorder management

Author: Michaela Goodson, Peter Thomson, and Daniel R. Smith
Subjects: Laser surgery, Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Biopsy, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Cytology, medicine, Humans, Grading (tumors), Leukoplakia, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology, Dysplasia, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, Periodontics, Histopathology, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Oral Surgery, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Background Oral potentially malignant disorders (PMD) harbour unpredictable risk for squamous cell carcinoma development. Current management requires tissue biopsy for histopathology characterisation, dysplasia grading and targeted intervention to “high-risk” lesions, although evidence-based guidelines are limited and diagnoses subjective. This study investigated the use of adjunctive oral brush biopsy techniques during the management of PMD in a UK hospital population. Methods Retrospective review of a 310 PMD patient cohort presenting to Maxillofacial Surgery in Newcastle upon Tyne with new, single-site lesions between December 2009 and May 2014. Patients underwent Orcellex® brush biopsy and liquid-based cytology examination in addition to conventional biopsy techniques, with management proceeding along established care pathways. Patient demographics, cytology data, most significant histopathology diagnoses and clinical outcome were all documented at the study census date (31.12.15). Results A total of 170 male & 140 female patients (age range 18-91 years), exhibiting primarily leukoplakia (86.5%) at floor of mouth and ventrolateral tongue sites (44.9%), were identified. Management comprised: observation (49.7%), laser surgery (44.9%), antifungal treatment (3.5%) and Head & Neck clinic referral following cancer diagnosis (1.9%). Clinical outcomes were as follows: disease free (51.3%), persistent PMD (42.3%) and malignant transformation (6.4%). Histology and cytology diagnoses strongly correlated (r = .305). Treatment modality, lesion site, histology and cytology diagnoses were the best predictors of clinical outcome. Conclusions Orcellex® brush cytology provides reliable diagnoses consistent with conventional histopathology and offers less invasive, adjunctive assessment appropriate for long-term monitoring of patients in specialist clinics.
Published: 2017

13. Reply

Author: Emma Aitken, David Kingsmore, Peter Thomson, and Ram Kasthuri
Subjects: Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2017

14. Preoperative fine needle cytology and imaging facilitates the management of submandibular salivary gland lesions

Author: Peter Thomson, Jonathan W. Serpell, and Martyn J. Taylor
Subjects: Salivary gland pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Adenoid cystic carcinoma, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Submandibular gland, Facial nerve, Sialadenitis, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, stomatognathic system, Cytology, Medicine, Histopathology, business, Lingual nerve
Abstract: Background: Lesions of the submandibular gland represent a pleomorphically diverse group in which benign and malignant pathologies are difficult to differentiate from each other. Accurate diagnosis and surgical intervention relies upon clinical presentation, examination and investigations to guide appropriate management. The current series aimed to identify the roles of preoperative cytology and imaging with subsequent histopathology in the management of these lesions. Methods: Between 1998 and 2008, 54 patients of median age 54 years (range 25-94), with a male:female ratio of 1:3.5 were identified, of which, 50 patients underwent 52 excisions of the submandibular gland. Demographic data were recorded. The utility of imaging and cytology were analysed, and the accuracy of cytology correlated with histology. Results: Pathologies of resected specimens were sialadenitis 17 (32%), pleomorphic adenomas nine (17%), calculi eight (15%), lymphoma five (10%), squamous cell carcinoma two (4%), adenoid cystic carcinoma one (2%) and other 10 (20%). Twenty-eight patients (52%) underwent fine-needle aspiration cytology/core biopsies, of which 25 (89%) were correlated with histology. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the fine-needle aspiration cytology correlation with histology were 88.0%, 71.4% and 94.4%, respectively. Overall, the complication rate was 9.6%; involving five temporary nerve palsies of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, including one temporary lingual nerve palsy. Conclusion: This series demonstrates histological outcomes in patients specific to the submandibular salivary gland. The malignancy rate was low compared to current published literature. The transcervical surgical approach to submandibular gland pathology is a safe and effective method with minimal morbidity when performed by experienced surgeons. No single investigative modality can be solely aligned with diagnosing a specific lesion of the submandibular gland. © 2010 The Authors. ANZ Journal of Surgery
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. The role of alcohol in oral precancer: observations from a North-East England population

Author: Peter Thomson, Omar Hamadah, and Michaela Goodson
Subjects: Adult, Erythrocyte Indices, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Population, Macrocytosis, Disease, Risk Factors, Oral administration, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, education, Mean corpuscular volume, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Exact test, England, Otorhinolaryngology, Dysplasia, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Self Report, Oral Surgery, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Alcohol is known to be a risk factor for oral precancerous lesions, but evidence has been weakened by subjective estimates of alcohol intake from patients, and confounded by their use of tobacco. Red cell macrocytosis, assessed by calculation of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), may be a useful objective indicator of chronic alcohol intake. The aim of this study was to compare subjective and objective measures of alcohol intake in patients with oral precancerous lesions and assess the use of reported alcohol intake and MCV on assessing the degree of dysplasia at presentation and their role as markers of the behaviour of such lesions by assessing clinical outcome after treatment. Fifty-four new patients were recruited. All were smokers and had histologically confirmed single dysplastic oral precancerous lesions, but had had no previous treatment. Subjective data about their alcohol consumption were recorded, and blood samples taken for the assessment of MCV. All patients had laser excision of their lesions, which were assessed histopathologically for signs of dysplasia. Patients were followed up for 2 years. The significance of differences was assessed using Fisher's exact test. Alcohol intake of more than 28 units/week and MCV of over 100 were associated with increased dysplasia at presentation (p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). Thirty-six patients were disease-free at 2 years, but 18 developed further disease, often at new sites. Alcohol intake of more than 28 units/week was significantly associated with an increased risk of further disease (p=0.03), particularly recurrence at the same site (p=0.02).
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Clinicopathological behaviour of multiple oral dysplastic lesions compared with that of single lesions

Author: Peter Thomson, Michaela Goodson, and Omar Hamadah
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cyclin A, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Lesion, Tongue, Oral administration, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Cyclin B1, Aged, Leukoplakia, Aged, 80 and over, biology, business.industry, Cancer, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Ki-67 Antigen, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, biology.protein, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Surgery, Leukoplakia, Oral, Oral Surgery, medicine.symptom, business, Precancerous Conditions, Alcohol consumption
Abstract: Oral precancerous lesions may be solitary or multifocal, the latter being difficult to manage because of extensive field change. The aim of this study was to characterise differences in clinicopathological features, proliferative labelling indexes for cyclin A, cyclin B1, and Ki67, and clinical outcome 5 years after laser resection in a group of patients presenting with single and multiple oral precancerous lesions. Ninety-six patients with 132 lesions (78 single and 18 multiple) were recruited, and there were no significant differences between those with single and multiple lesions with respect to age, sex, smoking, or alcohol consumption, although multiple lesions were significantly more common in smokers who ate little fruit and vegetables (p = 0.02). Clinically, most lesions were leukoplakia, with ulcerated or exophytic lesions appearing singly. There were significant differences in site, single lesions being most common on the floor of the mouth and the ventrolateral tongue, and multiple lesions preferring the buccal mucosa (p = 0.0002). The most severe dysplasia was seen in single lesions (p = 0.001) with labelling indexes for cyclin A and Ki67 being significantly higher in these (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). Oral squamous cell carcinoma developed in 3/78 single lesions and 4/18 multiple ones. There are distinct differences between single and multiple lesions that have implications for the prophylaxis and management of oral cancer.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. The aetiology of upper aerodigestive tract cancers among young adults in Europe: the ARCAGE study

Author: Hermann Pohlabeln, Kristina Kjærheim, Antonio Agudo, Cristina Canova, Pagona Lagiou, Lorenzo Simonato, Christine Bouchardy, Richard Oliver, Mia Hashibe, Simone Benhamou, Alena Slamova, Raymond J. Lowry, Areti Lagiou, Xavier Castellsagué, Ariana Znaor, David I. Conway, B. E. McCartan, Renato Talamini, Franco Merletti, Patricia A. McKinney, Lorenzo Richiardi, Manuela Marron, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Claire M. Healy, Peter Thomson, Luigi Barzan, Gary J. Macfarlane, Miriam Schejbalova, Wolfgang Ahrens, and Paul Brennan
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Esophageal Neoplasms, Population, Young Adult, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Young adult, education, Laryngeal Neoplasms, epidemiology, cancer, oral, Pharynx, LArynx, dobacco, alcoholo, diet, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Public health, Carcinoma, Smoking, Age Factors, Case-control study, Pharyngeal Neoplasms, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Surgery, Europe, Oncology, Case-Control Studies, Etiology, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, business, Demography
Abstract: The incidence of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) is increasing throughout the world. To date the increases have been proportionally greatest among young people. Several reports have suggested that they often do not have a history of tobacco smoking or heavy alcohol consumption. Objectives were to determine the contribution of lifestyle factors to the etiology of UADT cancers occurring in those aged less than 50 years. A case-control study was conducted in 10 European countries. Cases were cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, larynx and esophagus, and hospital or population controls were age and sex matched. RESULTS: There were 356 cases younger than 50 years and 419 controls. Risk was strongly related to current smoking [odds ratio (OR) 5.5 95% ; confidence interval (CI) (3.3, 9.2)], and risk increased with number of pack-years smoked. Risk was also related to alcohol consumption for both current (OR 1.8 ; 0.97, 3.3) and past (OR 3.4 ; 1.6, 7.4) drinkers, and risk increased with number of drink-years. Persons frequently consuming fruits and vegetables were at significantly reduced risk. Risk factors already identified as being important for UADT cancers in adults are also important influences on risk in younger adults. The implication of these results is that the public health message in preventing UADT cancers remains the same to young and old alike.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. General medicine and surgery for dental practitioners. Part 6 – cancer, radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Author: Mark Greenwood, Peter Thomson, and John G. Meechan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Radiotherapy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Dental Prophylaxis, Cancer, medicine.disease, Malignancy, Surgery, stomatognathic diseases, stomatognathic system, Dental Care for Chronically Ill, Neoplasms, Cancer Radiotherapy, Health care, General Practice, Dental, medicine, Humans, Medical History Taking, Mouth Diseases, business, Head and neck, General Dentistry
Abstract: Dental practitioners will encounter patients who have been affected by cancer or who are current cancer patients. Dentists play an important role in the overall healthcare of such patients, particularly in those with head and neck malignancy. This paper gives an overview of the impact of cancer and its treatment on dental management.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. The 2-week rule for suspected head and neck cancer in the United Kingdom: Referral patterns, diagnostic efficacy of the guidelines and compliance

Author: Peter Thomson, S. Fellows, A. R. Welch, C. McKie, F.W. Stafford, Vinidh Paleri, U.A. Ahmad, and D. Meikle
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Referral, Guidelines as Topic, Sensitivity and Specificity, Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing, Internal medicine, Chi-square test, medicine, Humans, Stage (cooking), Referral and Consultation, Early Detection of Cancer, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Medical Audit, business.industry, Head and neck cancer, Cancer, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Surgery, Oncology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Diagnostic odds ratio, Patient Compliance, Female, Guideline Adherence, Oral Surgery, business
Abstract: A retrospective audit of 1079 2-week referrals between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2006 was undertaken. The aims of this audit were to assess compliance of referrals with Department of Health (DoH) guidelines; the effectiveness of the 2-week referral route in detecting head and neck cancers, and to determine whether this route identified more early stage cancers. Of 1079 2-week referrals, 71.5% conformed to DoH criteria. DoH guidelines were found to have a high sensitivity of 83.9% (75.5-89.7%, 95% CI) for head and neck cancer, but a low positive predictive value of 12.8% (10.5-15.3%) and a specificity of 30.0% (27.2-33.1%). Only 10.9% of 2-week referrals were diagnosed with a head and neck cancer. The cancer detection rate was higher amongst referrals that conformed to DoH guidelines (12.8%) compared to those that did not 6.2%. This was statistically significant (Chi square, p
Published: 2008
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Predicting recurrence after oral precancer treatment: Use of cell cycle analysis

Author: Omar Hamadah, N. Cragg, Michaela Goodson, C. Booth, and Peter Thomson
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Cyclin A, Cell Cycle Proteins, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Cyclin B, Gastroenterology, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Medicine, Cyclin B1, Survival analysis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Leukoplakia, Aged, 80 and over, biology, OPLS, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Cell cycle, medicine.disease, stomatognathic diseases, Ki-67 Antigen, Otorhinolaryngology, Dysplasia, biology.protein, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Surgery, Leukoplakia, Oral, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Oral Surgery, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Prediction of the behaviour of oral precancerous lesions (OPLs) is unreliable in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of cell cyclin markers A and B1, and the proliferative marker Ki67, in predicting clinical outcome for patients with OPLs. A cohort of previously-treated patients with single OPLs were retrieved from the MaxilloFacial Dysplasia database and reviewed. All had dysplastic lesions excised by laser and were followed up for 5 years post-treatment. Outcome was determined as no recurrence or further disease. Excision specimens were re-examined immunohistochemically and labelling indices (LIs) for cyclin A, B1 and Ki67 determined. Forty patients, aged between 31 and 91 years, were recruited. There were no differences in age or sex. OPLs were predominantly leukoplakias on the floor of mouth or ventro-lateral tongue (65%), most of which exhibited moderate or severe dysplasia. Cyclin A LIs ranged from 3.9% to 31.3%, B1 0 to 28.3% and Ki67 3.5% to 54.5%. Using median LIs as 'cut off points' (12% cyclins; 22% Ki67) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant risk of further progression of disease in patients with OPL LIs exceeding median values (Cyclin A p=0.02, Cyclin B1 p=0.01, Ki67 p=0.025). By combining analysis of both Cyclin A and B LI, the significance of the difference was increased (p
Published: 2008
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Effects of active non-smoking programmes on smoking behaviour in oral precancer patients

Author: Omar Hamadah, Peter Thomson, and S. Hepburn
Subjects: Adult, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, medicine.medical_specialty, Incisional biopsy, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Interventional management, Patient Education as Topic, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Risk factor, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Interventional treatment, business.industry, Smoking, Cancer, Middle Aged, National health service, medicine.disease, Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology, Cohort, Smoking cessation, Female, Interdisciplinary Communication, Mouth Neoplasms, Smoking Cessation, Oral Surgery, Epidemiologic Methods, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Smoking is the commonest risk factor for oral cancer and precancer. The objective of this study was to characterize smoking behaviour and attitude in a cohort of oral precancer patients in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, and to determine changes in behaviour during diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Twenty-seven consecutive, smoking patients with dysplastic oral lesions were recruited to the study and a detailed smoking history obtained, quantifying types and numbers of cigarettes smoked, length of smoking history, and changes in smoking behaviour during treatment episodes and long-term follow-up. All patients underwent an interventional management protocol comprising risk-factor education, histopathological diagnosis by incisional biopsy and laser excision of lesions. Patients were followed up for 5 years. Whilst there was a significant decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked at patients' most recent follow-up compared with initial presentation (p < 0.001), 74% continued to smoke. Patients received advice from a smoking cessation adviser on support available to them from the local NHS (National Health Service) Stop Smoking services. Six out of 10 patients who set a 'quit date' and attended a programme had quit at the 4-week follow-up but only 5 remained non-smokers. Smoking remains a considerable problem in oral precancer patients even after interventional treatment, with the risk of further precancerous lesions and malignant transformation.
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. COMPLETE TRACHEAL STENOSIS FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS TRACHEOSTOMY

Author: Steven Tudge, Michael Tykocinski, Hou-Kiat Lim, and Peter Thomson
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Tracheostomy, Intensive care, Intubation, Intratracheal, medicine, Humans, Intubation, Critically ill, business.industry, General Medicine, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Surgery, Tracheal Stenosis, Stenosis, Anesthesia, Percutaneous tracheostomy, Airway management, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Complication
Abstract: Percutaneous tracheostomy is an effective method of airway management in the critically ill patient, avoiding an open exposure of the trachea. This method is time and cost-efficient and is used in many intensive care units. However, we would like to draw attention to one serious potential complication of this technique. This case report describes a case of complete tracheal stenosis above the level of tracheostoma as a direct result of the procedure. The aetiology of the stenosis as well as the surgical and postoperative managements is discussed.
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Cyclin A activity predicts clinical outcome in oral precancer and cancer

Author: Peter Thomson, C. Booth, N. Cragg, Michaela Goodson, and Omar Hamadah
Subjects: Adult, Male, Mild Dysplasia, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cyclin A, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Medicine, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Sex Distribution, Aged, Cell Proliferation, Cyclin, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, biology, business.industry, Cell growth, Cancer, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Otorhinolaryngology, Cancer research, biology.protein, Immunohistochemistry, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Surgery, Oral Surgery, business, Carcinogenesis, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Accurate, predictive assessment of the behaviour of oral cancers and precancers remains elusive. Increasing dysregulation of cell proliferation is a feature of carcinogenesis, and alterations in cyclin proteins regulating cell cycle progression are involved in enhanced cell proliferation. The authors of the present study have previously demonstrated increased proliferative activity in oral dysplastic lesions and poorly differentiated carcinomas, and hypothesize that cell proliferation can be used as a predictive agent in clinical management. In this preliminary study, immunohistochemical quantification of cyclin A expression was carried out for 33 excised oral lesions (ranging from mild dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma, SCC). Clinical outcome was determined as: no disease after 2 years follow-up, persistent disease, or further disease presentation. Labelling Indices (LIs) ranged from 5.5 to 32.1%, and whilst a trend to increased labelling in increasingly dysplastic and neoplastic tissue was seen, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.06). High LIs were related to poor clinical outcome (P = 0.003), suggesting a definite role for cyclin A measurement as a predictive tool in clinical management.
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Nurses versus clinicians?who's best at pre-operative assessment?

Author: C. Downey, Peter Thomson, and Ian R. Fletcher
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Oral surgery, medicine.disease, Recurrent epistaxis, Pre operative, Surgery, Medical–Surgical Nursing, Epilepsy, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ambulatory, Fractured mandible, medicine, Pancreatitis, Medical history, Intensive care medicine, business
Abstract: Previous studies have emphasised the lack of relevant medical history information available for patients attending for surgery. The records of 57, consecutive patients attending the nurse-led Pre-Admission Clinic (PAC) at the Oral Surgery Day Case Unit at Newcastle Dental Hospital were reviewed to determine whether nurses or clinicians were best at identifying potential medical problems. For 22 patients, nurse-led PAC interview revealed additional information not recorded by clinicians, most frequently cardiovascular disorders (9), arthritis (5) and drug allergies (2). Pancreatitis, epilepsy, recurrent epistaxis and a history of a fractured mandible were other conditions only identified following nurse consultation. Medical history taking by nurses at PAC thus provides an important screening function prior to successful ambulatory surgery.
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Pain relief following oral day case surgery: a pilot study

Author: Ian R. Fletcher, C.B. Hayward, S. Briggs, Peter Thomson, and John N. S. Matthews
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pain experience, business.industry, Analgesic, Codeine, Significant difference, Pain relief, Surgery, Mandibular third molar, Medical–Surgical Nursing, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia, medicine, Day case surgery, business, General anaesthetic, medicine.drug
Abstract: One hundred consecutive, adult patients attending for bilateral mandibular third molar removal utilising standardised surgical and day case general anaesthetic protocols were recruited into a pilot study to investigate the effectiveness of different peri-operative analgesic regimes. Patients were randomised into five study groups using various pre- or post-operative combinations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and/or LA block. Pain scores were recorded pre-operatively and at 30 min intervals for 2 h after surgery, as were details of the first dose of ‘escape analgesia’ (codeine/paracetamol compound preparation). There was no statistically significant difference in overall pain experience between the groups, although the results suggested better pain relief was achieved in those patients who received both post-op NSAID and post-op LA. Further research is required to improve post-operative pain relief for patients undergoing third molar surgery.
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Patient morbidity following oral day surgery—use of a post-operative telephone questionnaire

Author: S. Briggs, Ian R. Fletcher, Peter Thomson, G. Cato, and D. Barthram
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Sleep disorder, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Analgesic, medicine.disease, Surgery, Mandibular third molar, Medical–Surgical Nursing, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ambulatory care, Feeling, Ambulatory, medicine, Sore throat, Post operative, medicine.symptom, business, media_common
Abstract: 100 patients attending for day stay surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar teeth were telephoned at home 24 h post-operatively by their ambulatory care nurse. A structured questionnaire was completed in order to characterise patients’ experiences following surgery. 92 questionnaires were analysed, confirming that over half the patients reported feeling ‘not very well’ after surgery, with pain and swelling the principal complaints. Prescribed analgesic medication was found to be effective, but one third of patients required additional analgesia. Sore throat, drowsiness and sleep disturbance were common post-operative complications. Nevertheless, the majority of patients described their day surgery experience as ‘better than expected’. Nurse-led telephone follow up is appreciated by patients and is an effective means of determining patients’ overall treatment experience and satisfaction levels following ambulatory surgery.
Published: 2003
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Risk factors for head and neck cancer in young adults: a pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium

Author: Gabriella Cadoni, Stefania Boccia, Alexander W. Daudt, Maria Paula Curado, Philip Lazarus, Kristina Kjærheim, Renato Talamini, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Wolfgang Ahrens, Thomas L. Vaughan, Marta Vilensky, Joshua E. Muscat, Mark P. Purdue, Qingyi Wei, OtÃ¡vio Alberto Curioni, Guo Pei Yu, Claire M. Healy, Keitaro Matsuo, Dana Mates, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Rolando Herrero, Paolo Boffetta, JosÃ© Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes, Mia Hashibe, Elaine M. Smith, Lorenzo Richiardi, Oxana Shangina, Chu Chen, Antonio Agudo, Victor WÃ¼nsch Filho, Sergio Koifman, Pagona Lagiou, Deborah M. Winn, Michael D. McClean, Cristina Canova, Heribert Ramroth, Karl T. Kelsey, Peter Rudnai, Peter Thomson, Leticia Fernandez, P Brennan, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Eleonora Fabianova, Hal Morgenstern, Stephen M. Schwartz, Xavier Castellsagué, Jolanta Lissowska, Andrew F. Olshan, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Carlo La Vecchia, Ivana Holcatova, Ariana Znaor, Raquel Ajub Moyses, JosÃ© Eluf-Neto, David I. Conway, Tatiana Natasha Toporcov, Stimson P. Schantz, Richard B. Hayes, Fabio Levi, Erich M. Sturgis, Luigino Dal Maso, Ana M. B. Menezes, Silvia Franceschi, International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Toporcov, T.N., Znaor, A., Zhang, Z.-F., Yu, G.-P., Winn, D.M., Wei, Q., Vilensky, M., Vaughan, T., Thomson, P., Talamini, R., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Sturgis, E.M., Smith, E., Shangina, O., Schwartz, S.M., Schantz, S., Rudnai, P., Richiardi, L., Ramroth, H., Purdue, M.P., Olshan, A.F., Eluf-Neto, J., Muscat, J., Moyses, R.A., Morgenstern, H., Menezes, A., McClean, M., Matsuo, K., Mates, D., Macfarlane, T.V., Lissowska, J., Levi, F., Lazarus, P., Vecchia, C.L., Lagiou, P., Koifman, S., Kjaerheim, K., Kelsey, K., Holcatova, I., Herrero, R., Healy, C., Hayes, R.B., Franceschi, S., Fernandez, L., Fabianova, E., Daudt, A.W., Curioni, O.A., Maso, L.D., Curado, M.P., Conway, D.I., Chen, C., Castellsague, X., Canova, C., Cadoni, G., Brennan, P., Boccia, S., Antunes, J.L.F., Ahrens, W., Agudo, A., Boffetta, P., Hashibe, M., Lee, Y.-C.A., and Filho, V.W.
Subjects: Male, Aging, Epidemiology, head and neck cancer (HNC), Adult Age Factors Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology Case-Control Studies Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Head and Neck Neoplasms/*epidemiology/genetics Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Registries Risk Factors Sex Factors Smoking/*epidemiology Head and neck neoplasms alcohol drinking diet smoking, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, Registries, Family history, Young adult, Cancer, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Medicine (all), Statistics, Smoking, Age Factors, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Public Health and Health Services, Female, Settore MED/31 - OTORINOLARINGOIATRIA, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Head and neck neoplasms, smoking, Rare Diseases, Sex Factors, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, Tobacco, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Tobacco Smoke and Health, business.industry, Prevention, Head and neck cancer, Alcohol drinking, Diet, Case-Control Studies, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Case-control study, prognostic factors, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Surgery, Good Health and Well Being, Attributable risk, head and neck cancer, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, diet, Digestive Diseases, business
Abstract: Toporcov, Tatiana Natasha Znaor, Ariana Zhang, Zuo-Feng Yu, Guo-Pei Winn, Deborah M Wei, Qingyi Vilensky, Marta Vaughan, Thomas Thomson, Peter Talamini, Renato Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila Sturgis, Erich M Smith, Elaine Shangina, Oxana Schwartz, Stephen M Schantz, Stimson Rudnai, Peter Richiardi, Lorenzo Ramroth, Heribert Purdue, Mark P Olshan, Andrew F Eluf-Neto, Jose Muscat, Joshua Moyses, Raquel Ajub Morgenstern, Hal Menezes, Ana McClean, Michael Matsuo, Keitaro Mates, Dana Macfarlane, Tatiana V Lissowska, Jolanta Levi, Fabio Lazarus, Philip La Vecchia, Carlo Lagiou, Pagona Koifman, Sergio Kjaerheim, Kristina Kelsey, Karl Holcatova, Ivana Herrero, Rolando Healy, Claire Hayes, Richard B Franceschi, Silvia Fernandez, Leticia Fabianova, Eleonora Daudt, Alexander W Curioni, Otavio Alberto Maso, Luigino Dal Curado, Maria Paula Conway, David I Chen, Chu Castellsague, Xavier Canova, Cristina Cadoni, Gabriella Brennan, Paul Boccia, Stefania Antunes, Jose Leopoldo Ferreira Ahrens, Wolfgang Agudo, Antonio Boffetta, Paolo Hashibe, Mia Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy Filho, Victor Wunsch eng FIRCA TW01500/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ K07CA104231/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ P01CA068384/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ P30ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ P50CA90388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA048996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA100264/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA30022/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA51845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA61188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01DA11386/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ R01DE012609/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01DE11979/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01DE13110/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01DE13158/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01ES11740/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R03CA113157/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R03CA77954/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R03DE016611/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R21ES011667/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ T32CA09142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ U01CA96134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2015/01/24 06:00 Int J Epidemiol. 2015 Feb;44(1):169-85. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyu255. Epub 2015 Jan 22.; International audience; BACKGROUND: Increasing incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in young adults has been reported. We aimed to compare the role of major risk factors and family history of cancer in HNC in young adults and older patients. METHODS: We pooled data from 25 case-control studies and conducted separate analyses for adults 45 years old ('older adults', 17700 cases and 22 704 controls). Using logistic regression with studies treated as random effects, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The young group of cases had a higher proportion of oral tongue cancer (16.0% in women; 11.0% in men) and unspecified oral cavity / oropharynx cancer (16.2%; 11.1%) and a lower proportion of larynx cancer (12.1%; 16.6%) than older adult cases. The proportions of never smokers or never drinkers among female cases were higher than among male cases in both age groups. Positive associations with HNC and duration or pack-years of smoking and drinking were similar across age groups. However, the attributable fractions (AFs) for smoking and drinking were lower in young when compared with older adults (AFs for smoking in young women, older women, young men and older men, respectively, = 19.9% (95% CI=9.8%, 27.9%), 48.9% (46.6%, 50.8%), 46.2% (38.5%, 52.5%), 64.3% (62.2%, 66.4%); AFs for drinking=5.3% (-11.2%, 18.0%), 20.0% (14.5%, 25.0%), 21.5% (5.0%, 34.9%) and 50.4% (46.1%, 54.3%). A family history of early-onset cancer was associated with HNC risk in the young [OR=2.27 (95% CI=1.26, 4.10)], but not in the older adults [OR=1.10 (0.91, 1.31)]. The attributable fraction for family history of early-onset cancer was 23.2% (8.60% to 31.4%) in young compared with 2.20% (-2.41%, 5.80%) in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in HNC aetiology according to age group may exist. The lower AF of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in young adults may be due to the reduced length of exposure due to the lower age. Other characteristics, such as those that are inherited, may play a more important role in HNC in young adults compared with older adults.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Enhancement of vascular targeting by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase

Author: Gemma Lewis, Matthew A. Naylor, Sally A. Hill, Gillian M. Tozer, Peter Thomson, and Peter D Davis
Subjects: Cancer Research, Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Necrosis, H&E stain, Vascular volume, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Pharmacology, Nitric oxide, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Tubulin, Stilbenes, Tumor Cells, Cultured, medicine, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Enzyme Inhibitors, Fluorescent Dyes, Radiation, Neovascularization, Pathologic, biology, business.industry, Combretastatin A4 phosphate, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic, Surgery, Nitric oxide synthase, Models, Chemical, Oncology, chemistry, Mice, Inbred CBA, biology.protein, Benzimidazoles, Nitric Oxide Synthase, medicine.symptom, business, After treatment
Abstract: Purpose: This study investigates the enhancement of the vascular targeting activity of the tubulin-binding agent combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) by various inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases. Methods and Materials: The syngeneic tumors CaNT and SaS growing in CBA mice were used for this study. Reduction in perfused vascular volume was measured by injection of Hoechst 33342 24 h after drug administration. Necrosis (hematoxylin and eosin stain) was assessed also at 24 h after treatment. Combretastatin A4 phosphate was synthesized by a modification of the published procedure and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors L -NNA, L -NMMA, L -NIO, L -NIL, S -MTC, S -EIT, AMP, AMT, and L -TC, obtained from commercial sources. Results: A statistically significant augmentation of the reduction in perfused vascular volume by CA4P in the CaNT tumor was observed with L -NNA, AMP, and AMT. An increase in CA4P-induced necrosis in the same tumor achieved significance with L -NNA, L -NMMA, L -NIL, and AMT. CA4P induced little necrosis in the SaS tumor, but combination with the inhibitors L -NNA, L -NMMA, L -NIO, S -EIT, and L -TC was effective. Conclusions: Augmentation of CA4P activity by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors of different structural classes supports a nitric oxide-related mechanism for this effect. L -NNA was the most effective inhibitor studied.
Published: 2002
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Field change and oral cancer: new evidence for widespread carcinogenesis?

Author: Peter Thomson
Subjects: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Pilot Projects, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Lesion, Oral and maxillofacial pathology, Carcinoma, Humans, Medicine, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Oral mucosa, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Leukoplakia, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Smoking, Mouth Mucosa, Cancer, Pharyngeal Neoplasms, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Respiratory Tract Neoplasms, stomatognathic diseases, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Dysplasia, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Surgery, Field cancerization, Leukoplakia, Oral, Oral Surgery, medicine.symptom, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are at risk of developing second or multiple primary cancers as a result of field cancerization in the upper aerodigestive tract. In order to quantify the incidence of field change observable in oral mucosa, 26 consecutive new (untreated) patients presenting with a unilateral OSCC (18) or a premaligant lesion (eight) underwent 'mirror image' biopsies from clinically normal-looking mucosa at corresponding anatomical sites. A total of 15 patients (58%) demonstrated histologically abnormal tissue upon microscopic examination: six showed reactive change/cellular atypia associated with chronic irritation, seven exhibited frank dysplasia, whilst two displayed carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) or microinvasive SCC. Although not statistically significant, there was an observable trend for the lateral/ventral tongue and floor of mouth to display increased vulnerability to dysplastic change.
Published: 2002
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Predicting outcome following oral potentially malignant disorder surgery: a 590 patient cohort study

Author: Michaela Goodson and Peter Thomson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Otorhinolaryngology, business.industry, medicine, Surgery, Oral Surgery, business, Outcome (game theory), Cohort study
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Oral lichenoid lesions: a significant diagnosis in oral potentially malignant disorder management?

Author: Peter Thomson and Michaela Goodson
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, business.industry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Surgery, 030206 dentistry, Oral Surgery, business, Lichenoid lesions, Dermatology
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Validation of the doubly-labelled water technique in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)

Author: T. L. Frankel, John R. Speakman, T. McCappin, V. Legrand-Defretin, G. Perez-Camargo, and Peter Thomson
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Food intake, Future studies, Body water, Population, Medicine (miscellaneous), Oxygen Isotopes, Models, Biological, Eating, Dogs, Animal science, Body Water, medicine, Animals, education, Mathematics, Alternative methods, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, Body Weight, Calorimetry, Indirect, Carbon Dioxide, Deuterium, biology.organism_classification, Surgery, Dilution, Canis, Domestic animal, Female, Energy Intake
Abstract: We validated doubly-labelled water (DLW) by comparison to indirect calorimetry and food intake–mass balance in eight Labrador dogs (24–32 kg) over 4 d. We used several alternative equations for calculating CO2production, based on the single- and two-pool models and used two alternative methods for evaluating the elimination constants: two-sample and multiple-sampling. In all cases the DLW technique overestimated the direct estimate of CO2production. The greatest overestimates occurred with the single-pool model. Using two samples, rather than multiple samples, to derive the elimination constants produced slightly more discrepant results. Discrepancies greatly exceeded the measured analytical precision of the DLW estimates. The higher values with DLW probably occurred because the dogs were extremely active during the 1 h in each 24 spent outside the chamber. Estimates of CO2production from food intake–mass balance, which include this activity, produced a much closer comparison to DLW (lowest mean discrepancy 0·3 % using the observed group mean dilution space ratio and an assumption that the mass changes reflected changes in hydration for all except one animal). We recommend an equilibration time of 6 h and use of the two-pool model based on the observed population dilution space for future studies of energy demands in dogs of this body mass.
Published: 2001
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Patients' experience of oral day case surgery: feedback from a nurse-led pre-admission clinic

Author: Peter Thomson, K Clark, G. Cato, Ian R. Fletcher, and R Voase
Subjects: Response rate (survey), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, education, Attendance, Patient assessment, Additional comments, humanities, Surgery, Medical–Surgical Nursing, Nurse led, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Medicine, Day case surgery, business
Abstract: A nurse-led pre-admission clinic (PAC) was introduced in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in 1996 to help reduce patient failures and cancelled operations on the day of admission and to improve pre-operative patient assessment and education for oral day case surgery. In order to investigate patients’ perceptions of their experience and to ascertain their views on their PAC appointment, a questionnaire was sent to 178 day case patients operated upon between October 1997 and January 1998. Questions were asked relating to details of their PAC visit and subsequent surgical experience, with additional comments invited. Eighty eight completed questionnaires were returned (49% response rate), which showed a greater than 90% satisfaction with the PAC. Patients reported fewer worries, increased confidence and an improved understanding of both their surgery and peri-operative care following PAC attendance. Eighty eight percent of the additional comments reported a favourable experience.
Published: 2000
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Characterization of epithelial cell activity in patients with oral cancer

Author: Christopher S Potten, Peter Thomson, and D R Appleton
Subjects: Mouth cancer, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cytological Techniques, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oral and maxillofacial pathology, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Mouth Floor, Leukoplakia, Analysis of Variance, Staining and Labeling, business.industry, Cell Cycle, Mouth Mucosa, Cancer, Epithelial Cells, Cheek, medicine.disease, Tongue Neoplasms, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, chemistry, Dysplasia, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Autoradiography, Mouth Neoplasms, Surgery, Leukoplakia, Oral, Oral Surgery, business, Bromodeoxyuridine
Abstract: Accurate, predictive assessment of the clinical behaviour and progression of individual oral cancers and premalignant lesions requires reproducible and quantitative analyses of diseased tissue. In this paper we describe the use of in vitro double labelling (sequential tritiated thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine staining of proliferating epithelial cells) to calculate S phase labelling indices (LIs), estimation of S phase duration (tS), and measurement of variables of flux to and from S for excised specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma, premalignant lesions, and clinically normal mucosa from patients with oral cancer. There was a significant increase in mean LIs in buccal mucosa leukoplakias (14.5%) compared with normal mucosa (10.3%); P = 0.03. LIs were also increased in patients with cancers of the floor of mouth and ventral tongue but neither these changes nor alterations in flux parameters or S Phase durations were significant. Twenty-one kinetic profiles of dysplastic and malignant tissue were compared with conventional histopathological results, however, and these showed a 2.2% increase in LIs with each increase in grade of dysplasia (P = 0.004) and a 12% increase in LIs with each reduction in tumour differentiation (P = 0.02).
Published: 1999
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Mapping dynamic epithelial cell proliferative activity within the oral cavity of man: a new insight into carcinogenesis?

Author: Christopher S Potten, D R Appleton, and Peter Thomson
Subjects: Adult, Mouth cancer, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cytological Techniques, Cell, Andrology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reference Values, Tongue, medicine, Humans, S phase, Analysis of Variance, Cell growth, business.industry, Mouth Mucosa, Epithelial Cells, Cell cycle, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, chemistry, Mouth Neoplasms, Surgery, Oral Surgery, business, Thymidine, Cell Division, Bromodeoxyuridine
Abstract: Our aim was to characterize epithelial cell proliferative activity within the oral cavity and to find out if there were differences between sites with high and low incidence of cancer. A total of 105 samples of clinically normal mucosa were harvested from various intra-oral sites. Excised specimens were incubated in vitro with tritiated thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine to 'double label' cells undergoing DNA synthesis, and enable calculation of the duration of S phase and estimation of variables of cell flux to and from S. Mean labelling indices (percentage of cells within the S phase of the cell cycle) were highest in the floor of mouth (12.3%) and ventral tongue (10.1%), while activity was lowest in the dorsum of tongue (4.3%) and the palate (7.2%), P
Published: 1999
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Improving patient throughput for oral day case surgery. The efficacy of a nurse-led pre-admission clinic

Author: Peter Thomson, K Clark, Ian R. Fletcher, and R Voase
Subjects: Waiting time, medicine.medical_specialty, Patient throughput, Nursing staff, business.industry, Patient assessment, Surgery, Medical–Surgical Nursing, Nurse led, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Waiting list, medicine, Day case surgery, business
Abstract: In an attempt to reduce patient failures and cancelled operations on the day of admission for oral day case surgery, and to improve pre-operative patient assessment and education, a nurse-led pre-admission clinic (PAC) was introduced in April 1996. Day case patients were selected in cohorts from the waiting list and invited to attend the pre-admission clinic prior to finalising their operation dates. Clinics were run by experienced staff nurses and patients screened for medical or surgical problems that might preclude day case surgery; access to experienced anaesthetic or surgical opinion was arranged as necessary. During a 2 year period 908 patients were sent clinic appointments, but only 727 (80%) attended; of these 629 (69%) progressed to surgery, but 98 (11%) were deemed unsuitable for day case treatment usually because of medical or socio-domestic complications and were managed more appropriately elsewhere. Of the 181 non-attenders, 140 were ultimately removed from the waiting list. Pre-admission screening thus filtered out 279 patients who were either unsuitable for day case surgery or no longer interested in receiving treatment. Waiting times for surgery were reduced from over 12 months to less than 3.
Published: 1999
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Kimuras disease: an unusual cause of neck mass

Author: Peter Thomson, Stephen Tudge, Catriona McLean, and Daniel Steiner
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Neck mass, medicine, Surgery, General Medicine, Disease, medicine.symptom, business
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Peri-operative risk scoring in 86 consecutive emergency laparotomies

Author: Nigel Suggett, Stephen Stonelake, and Peter Thomson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General surgery, Medicine, Surgery, General Medicine, Perioperative, business
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Outcomes following emergency laparotomy: A comparison of predicted possum morbidity with the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications

Author: Peter Thomson, Nigel Suggett, and Stephen Stonelake
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Clavien-Dindo Classification, business.industry, Laparotomy, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Surgery, General Medicine, business
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Acute Oral Medical and Surgical Conditions

Author: Peter Thomson
Subjects: Desquamative gingivitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Angioedema, business.industry, medicine, Differential diagnosis, medicine.symptom, medicine.disease, business, Dermatology, Surgery
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Management of Oral Precancer

Author: Peter Thomson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, General surgery, Medicine, Smoking cessation, Cryotherapy, business, Surgery
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Pre-emptive analgesia reduces postoperative pain experience following oral day case surgery

Author: Peter Thomson and J.P. Rood
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Visual analogue scale, business.industry, Postoperative pain, Placebo, law.invention, Surgery, Ketorolac, Medical–Surgical Nursing, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Pain assessment, law, Anesthesia, medicine, Tramadol, business, General anaesthetic, medicine.drug
Abstract: Modern concepts of acute pain generation emphasize that surgical trauma may lead to hyperexcitability of dorsal horn sensory neurones, resulting in amplification and prolongation of postoperative pain; these effects may be reduced or eliminated by pre-emptive analgesics. Thirty patients undergoing day case general anaesthetic surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar teeth were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study and instructed on the use of the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain assessment. Patients received one of three test solutions (tramadol 100 mg, ketorolac 30 mg or placebo) intravenously after anaesthetic induction and VAS scores were measured every 30 min for 2.5 h postoperatively. Results confirmed that preoperative administration of tramadol reduced pain experience postoperatively, compared with placebo; comparison with preoperative ketorolac revealed reduced pain scores during the later postoperative period, fewer patients requiring additional analgesics in the initial recovery period and a longer time before first dose ‘escape analgesia’.
Published: 1995
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer and type of alcoholic beverage: a European multicenter case-control study

Author: Renato Talamini, Kristina Kjærheim, Lorenzo Richiardi, Alena Slamova, Luigi Barzan, David I. Conway, Antonio Agudo, Lorenzo Simonato, Pagona Lagiou, Simone Benhamou, Cristina Canova, Wolfgang Ahrens, B. E. McCartan, Hermann Pohlabeln, Patricia McKinney, Peter Thomson, Anne Marie Biggs, Christine Bouchardy, Areti Lagiou, Henrik Møller, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Xavier Castellsagué, Ariana Znaor, Mia Hashibe, Franco Merletti, Claire M. Healy, Manuela Marron, Paolo Boffetta, Paul Brennan, Gary J. Macfarlane, Miriam Schejbalova, Marron, M., Boffetta, P., Møller, H., Ahrens, W., Pohlabeln, H., Benhamou, S., Bouchardy, C., Lagiou, P., Lagiou, A., Slámová, A., Schejbalová, M., Merletti, F., Richiardi, L., Kjaerheim, K., Agudo, A., Castellsague, X., Macfarlane, T.V., Macfarlane, G.J., Talamini, R., Barzan, L., Canova, C., Simonato, L., Biggs, A.-M., Thomson, P., Conway, D.I., McKinney, P.A., Znaor, A., Healy, C.M., McCartan, B.E., Brennan, P., and Hashibe, M.
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/epidemiology, Alcohol Drinking, Epidemiology, Beer/statistics & numerical data, Alcohol, Wine, Logistic regression, Europe/epidemiology, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Age Distribution, Risk Factors, medicine, Odds Ratio, Humans, Sex Distribution, Wine/statistics & numerical data, ddc:613, Aged, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, Alcoholic Beverages/classification/statistics & numerical data, business.industry, Alcoholic Beverages, Head and neck cancer, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology, Smoking, Case-control study, Cancer, Beer, Odds ratio, Smoking/epidemiology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Surgery, Causality, Europe, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Female, Epidemiology Cancer Alcohol Wine Beer Liquor Head and neck cancer Upper aerodigestive tract cancer, business, Demography
Abstract: The general relationship between cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and alcohol drinking is established. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether different types of alcoholic beverages (wine, beer and liquor) carry different UADT cancer risks. Our study included 2,001 UADT cancer cases and 2,125 controls from 14 centres in 10 European countries. All cases were histologically or cytologically confirmed squamous cell carcinomas. Controls were frequency matched by sex, age and centre. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CI) adjusted for age, sex, centre, education level, vegetable and fruit intake, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, where appropriate. Risk of beverage-specific alcohol consumption were calculated among 'pure drinker' who consumed one beverage type exclusively, among 'predominant drinkers' who consumed one beverage type to more than 66 % and among 'mixed drinkers' who consumed more than one beverage type to similar proportions. Compared to never drinkers and adjusted for cumulative alcohol consumption, the OR and 95 %CI for wine, beer and liquor drinking, respectively, were 1.24 (0.86, 1.78), 1.54 (1.05, 2.27) and 0.94 (0.53, 1.64) among 'pure drinkers' (p value for heterogeneity across beverage types = 0.306), 1.05 (0.76,1.47), 1.25 (0.87,1.79) and 1.43 (0.95, 2.16) among 'predominant drinkers' (p value = 0.456), and 1.09 (0.79, 1.50), 1.20 (0.88, 1.63) and 1.12 (0.82, 1.53) among 'mixed drinkers' (p value = 0.889). Risk of UADT cancer increased with increasing consumption of all three alcohol beverage types. Our findings underscore the strong and comparable carcinogenic effect of ethanol in wine, beer and liquor on organs of the UADT. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012.
Published: 2012

44. Occupation and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer: The ARCAGE study

Author: B. E. McCartan, Hermann Pohlabeln, Linda Sneddon, Peter Thomson, Xavier Castellsagué, P. Minaki, Paul Brennan, Lorenzo Simonato, Alena Slamova, Franco Merletti, David I. Conway, Patricia A. McKinney, Renato Talamini, Mia Hashibe, Christine Bouchardy, Luigi Barzan, Claire M. Healy, Gary J. Macfarlane, Miriam Schejbalova, Lorenzo Richiardi, Pagona Lagiou, Wolfgang Ahrens, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Ariana Znaor, Marine Corbin, Manuela Marron, Simone Benhamou, Kristina Kjærheim, Antonio Agudo, and Cristina Canova
Subjects: Adult, Male, Risk, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Esophageal Neoplasms, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology, Oral cavity, Europe/epidemiology, Pharyngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, UADT cancer risk, Occupations, Laryngeal Neoplasms, ddc:613, Aged, Mouth neoplasm, business.industry, Construction Industry, Case-control study, Cancer, Pharyngeal Neoplasms, Odds ratio, Laryngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Surgery, Europe, Upper aerodigestive tract, Oncology, Construction industry, Case-Control Studies, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, business, Neoplasms/epidemiology, Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology, Demography
Abstract: We investigated the association between occupational history and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk in the ARCAGE European case-control study. The study included 1,851 patients with incident cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx or esophagus and 1,949 controls. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ever employment in 283 occupations and 172 industries, adjusting for smoking and alcohol. Men (1,457 cases) and women (394 cases) were analyzed separately and we incorporated a semi-Bayes adjustment approach for multiple comparisons. Among men, we found increased risks for occupational categories previously reported to be associated with at least one type of UADT cancer, including painters (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.01-3.00), bricklayers (1.58, 1.05-2.37), workers employed in the erection of roofs and frames (2.62, 1.08-6.36), reinforced concreters (3.46, 1.11-10.8), dockers (2.91, 1.05-8.05) and workers employed in the construction of roads (3.03, 1.23-7.46), general construction of buildings (1.44, 1.12-1.85) and cargo handling (2.60, 1.17-5.75). With the exception of the first three categories, risks both increased when restricting to long duration of employment and remained elevated after semi-Bayes adjustment. Increased risks were also found for loggers (3.56, 1.20-10.5) and cattle and dairy farming (3.60, 1.15-11.2). Among women, there was no clear evidence of increased risks of UADT cancer in association with occupations or industrial activities. This study provides evidence of an association between some occupational categories and UADT cancer risk among men. The most consistent findings, also supported by previous studies, were obtained for specific workers employed in the construction industry.
Published: 2012

45. Diet and the risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium

Author: Luigino Dal Maso, Maria Paula Curado, Alexander W. Daudt, Chu Chen, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Andrew F. Olshan, Mark P. Purdue, Hal Morgenstern, José Eluf-Neto, Ana M. B. Menezes, Lorenzo Simonato, Claire M. Healy, Neonilla Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Thomas L. Vaughan, Kristina Kjærheim, Renato Talamini, Simone Benhamou, Pagona Lagiou, Gary J. Macfarlane, Ivana Holcatova, Xavier Castellsagué, David I. Conway, Wolfgang Ahrens, Hermann Brenner, Rolando Herrero, Antonio Agudo, Heiko Mueller, Michael D. McClean, David Zaridze, Julia E. Heck, Richard B. Hayes, Guo Pei Yu, Dana Mates, Keitaro Matsuo, Peter Rudnai, Mazda Jenab, Silvia Franceschi, Heribert Ramroth, Karl T. Kelsey, Deborah M. Winn, Mia Hashibe, Sergio Koifman, Stimson P. Schantz, Franco Merletti, Stephen M. Schwartz, Gabriella Cadoni, Peter Thomson, Shu Chun Chuang, Cristina Bosetti, Elena Matos, Philip Lazarus, Carlo La Vecchia, Ariana Znaor, Fabio Levi, Paolo Boffetta, Paul Brennan, Eleonora Fabianova, Leticia Fernandez, Gilles Ferro, Joshua E. Muscat, Stefania Boccia, International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Chuang, S.-C., Jenab, M., Heck, J.E., Bosetti, C., Talamini, R., Matsuo, K., Castellsague, X., Franceschi, S., Herrero, R., Winn, D.M., Vecchia, C.L., Morgenstern, H., Zhang, Z.-F., Levi, F., Maso, L.D., Kelsey, K., McClean, M.D., Vaughan, T., Lazarus, P., Muscat, J., Ramroth, H., Chen, C., Schwartz, S.M., Eluf-Neto, J., Hayes, R.B., Purdue, M., Boccia, S., Cadoni, G., Zaridze, D., Koifman, S., Curado, M.P., Ahrens, W., Benhamou, S., Matos, E., Lagiou, P., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Olshan, A.F., Fernandez, L., Menezes, A., Agudo, A., Daudt, A.W., Merletti, F., MacFarlane, G.J., Kjaerheim, K., Mates, D., Holcatova, I., Schantz, S., Yu, G.-P., Simonato, L., Brenner, H., Mueller, H., Conway, D.I., Thomson, P., Fabianova, E., Znaor, A., Rudnai, P., Healy, C.M., Ferro, G., Brennan, P., Boffetta, P., and Hashibe, M.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Logistic regression, Article, Food group, Head cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Càncer de cap, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, 0303 health sciences, Settore MED/06 - ONCOLOGIA MEDICA, business.industry, Diet, head and neck cancer, fruit and vegetable, red meat, processed meat, Case-control study, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Neck cancer, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Surgery, Càncer de coll, Diet, Oncology, Quartile, Head and Neck Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Case-Control Studies, Red meat, Adult Aged Case-Control Studies Diet/adverse effects/*statistics & numerical data Female Head and Neck Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology Humans Male Middle Aged Risk Factors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Dieta, Female, business
Abstract: Chuang, Shu-Chun Jenab, Mazda Heck, Julia E Bosetti, Cristina Talamini, Renato Matsuo, Keitaro Castellsague, Xavier Franceschi, Silvia Herrero, Rolando Winn, Deborah M La Vecchia, Carlo Morgenstern, Hal Zhang, Zuo-Feng Levi, Fabio Dal Maso, Luigino Kelsey, Karl McClean, Michael D Vaughan, Thomas Lazarus, Philip Muscat, Joshua Ramroth, Heribert Chen, Chu Schwartz, Stephen M Eluf-Neto, Jose Hayes, Richard B Purdue, Mark Boccia, Stefania Cadoni, Gabriella Zaridze, David Koifman, Sergio Curado, Maria Paula Ahrens, Wolfgang Benhamou, Simone Matos, Elena Lagiou, Pagona Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonilla Olshan, Andrew F Fernandez, Leticia Menezes, Ana Agudo, Antonio Daudt, Alexander W Merletti, Franco Macfarlane, Gary J Kjaerheim, Kristina Mates, Dana Holcatova, Ivana Schantz, Stimson Yu, Guo-Pei Simonato, Lorenzo Brenner, Hermann Mueller, Heiko Conway, David I Thomson, Peter Fabianova, Eleonora Znaor, Ariana Rudnai, Peter Healy, Claire M Ferro, Gilles Brennan, Paul Boffetta, Paolo Hashibe, Mia eng K07CA104231/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ P01CA068384/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ P30 CA015704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ P30ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ P50CA90388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01 CA100679/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01 CA100679-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01 ES014843/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R01CA048996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA078609/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA100679/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA30022/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA51845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA61188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01DA11386/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ R01DE012609/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01DE13158/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R03CA113157/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R03CA77954/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R03DE016611/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R21ES011667/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R24 HD050924/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ T32CA09142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ U01CA96134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2011/11/01 06:00 Cancer Causes Control. 2012 Jan;23(1):69-88. doi: 10.1007/s10552-011-9857-x. Epub 2011 Oct 29.; International audience; We investigated the association between diet and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk using data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. The INHANCE pooled data included 22 case-control studies with 14,520 cases and 22,737 controls. Center-specific quartiles among the controls were used for food groups, and frequencies per week were used for single food items. A dietary pattern score combining high fruit and vegetable intake and low red meat intake was created. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the dietary items on the risk of HNC were estimated with a two-stage random-effects logistic regression model. An inverse association was observed for higher-frequency intake of fruit (4th vs. 1st quartile OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.43-0.62, p (trend) < 0.01) and vegetables (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49-0.90, p (trend) = 0.01). Intake of red meat (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.13-1.74, p (trend) = 0.13) and processed meat (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.14-1.65, p (trend) < 0.01) was positively associated with HNC risk. Higher dietary pattern scores, reflecting high fruit/vegetable and low red meat intake, were associated with reduced HNC risk (per score increment OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84-0.97).
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Complications following interventional laser surgery for oral cancer and precancerous lesions

Author: Simon Kometa, Michaela Goodson, Peter Thomson, and K. Sugden
Subjects: Laser surgery, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Postoperative Complications, Tongue, Recurrence, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Lingual nerve, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Cancer, Retrospective cohort study, Carbon dioxide laser, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Surgery, stomatognathic diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Logistic Models, Otorhinolaryngology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Lasers, Gas, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Laser Therapy, Oral Surgery, business, Complication, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Interventional carbon dioxide laser surgery is the preferred method to treat oral precancerous lesions and early invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Little is known, however, about the complications that patients experience after such treatment. We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of 82 patients with new dysplastic oral lesions or early invasive oral SCCs treated by laser surgery in the maxillofacial unit at Newcastle General Hospital. The most common postoperative complications were pain for more than two weeks after operation (n = 28), bleeding (n = 4), difficulties with speech (n = 5), paraesthesia of the lingual nerve (n = 17), difficulty swallowing (n = 2), obstructive swelling of the submandibular gland (n = 22), and tethering of the tongue (n = 10). Overall, 78% of patients had one or more complication. In the absence of randomised controlled trials, this study provides the best available evidence for complication rates following interventional surgery. In addition to aiding in the preoperative counselling of patients, the data will help to inform and advise patients particularly during the immediate postoperative period.
Published: 2010

47. Management of oral carcinoma: benefits of early precancerous intervention

Author: Michaela Goodson and Peter Thomson
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Biopsy, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Oral Cavity Carcinoma, Stage (cooking), Early Detection of Cancer, Aged, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cancer, Carbon dioxide laser, Carbon Dioxide, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Occult, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Otorhinolaryngology, Dysplasia, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Lasers, Gas, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Oral Surgery, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Management of oral precancerous lesions remains polarised between interventional surgery and conservative treatment. We have previously shown the efficacy of carbon dioxide laser excision for both diagnosis and treatment of oral precancerous lesions. The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathological details of a group of patients in whom pre-existing but occult invasive carcinoma was diagnosed histopathologically in specimens excised by laser. We retrospectively reviewed 169 patients who attended the Maxillofacial Dysplasia Clinic at Newcastle General Hospital with single, new oral premalignant lesions over a 5-year period (2004-2008). They were all treated by laser excision of lesions that were confirmed to be dysplastic from examination of preoperative incisional biopsy specimens. There was a significant correlation between the results of diagnostic incisional, and laser excision, biopsy specimens (p < 0.01), but 15 patients had signs of occult invasive carcinoma in the excision specimens (9%). In all cases the carcinomas were completely excised by the laser. Carbon dioxide laser excision is not only an effective treatment of precancerous lesions, but also facilitates early diagnosis and management of oral carcinoma at a stage when it is otherwise clinically undetectable.
Published: 2009

48. Factors affecting carbon dioxide laser treatment for oral precancer: a patient cohort study

Author: Omar Hamadah and Peter Thomson
Subjects: Laser surgery, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neoplasm, Residual, medicine.medical_treatment, Histopathological grading, Dermatology, Disease-Free Survival, Lesion, Cohort Studies, Tongue, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Carbon dioxide laser, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Survival Rate, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Socioeconomic Factors, Dysplasia, Lasers, Gas, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, medicine.symptom, business, Precancerous Conditions, Cohort study
Abstract: Background: Although the benefits of CO laser surgery in oral precancer management have been evaluated, little consideration has been given to the factors which may influence treatment outcome, especially amongst patients developing recurrence or malignant transformation. Study Design: Seventy eight patients (51 males, 27 females; mean age 57.8 years) undergoing CO laser excision of single, new dysplastic oral precancer lesions (OPLs) were followed up for a minimum of 2 years and the influence of clinico-pathological parameters, sociodemographic factors and the presence or absence of residual dysplasia in excision margins upon clinical outcome were examined. Results: Seventy three percent of patients were smokers and 78% consumed alcohol regularly. The majority of lesions were leukoplakias arising in the floor of mouth and ventro-lateral tongue and moderate or severe dysplasia accounted for 86% of histopathological diagnoses. Patient follow up ranged from 24 to 119 months (mean 58 months). Sixty four percent of patients were disease free at most recent clinical follow up, whilst 32% developed local recurrent dysplasia or new site dysplasia with 4% developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (but at sites distinct from their initial OPL). Excision margins were clear in 55% of cases, but 19% showed mild, 21% moderate and 5% severe dysplasia on histopathological examination. No statistically significant associations were seen between patients' age, gender, lesion appearance, site of origin, histopathological grading, presence of dysplasia in resection margins, or alcohol consumption and clinical outcome. Smokers, however, were at significantly higher risk of dysplasia recurrence compared to ex-smokers or non-smokers (P = 0.04). Conclusions: In the absence of agreed treatment protocols for OPLs, we recommend CO laser surgery as an effective treatment modality offering precise lesion excision, full histopathological assessment, minimal post-operative morbidity and a 64% disease free clinical outcome. Regular patient follow up is encouraged due to the persistence of field cancerisation effects.
Published: 2009

49. A central venous catheter complicating head and neck surgery

Author: M. McGurk and Peter Thomson
Subjects: Male, Catheterization, Central Venous, medicine.medical_specialty, Resuscitation, medicine.medical_treatment, Surgical Flaps, Humans, Medicine, Central venous catheterisation, Head and neck, Internal jugular vein, Aged, Maxillary Neoplasms, business.industry, Muscles, Surgery, Mandibular Neoplasms, Catheter, Otorhinolaryngology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Head and neck surgery, Neck Dissection, Jugular Veins, Oral Surgery, business, Complication, Central venous catheter
Abstract: A case is reported of a central venous catheter that was placed inadvertently into the internal jugular vein during the anaesthetic preparation for surgery. The catheter tip was sectioned during surgery and was feared to have embolised into the central circulation but it was subsequently identified in the pathological specimen. A summary of the complications associated with central venous catheterisation is reported and a simple protocol is proposed to avoid a similar complication.
Published: 1991
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Analysis of complications following surgical treatment of benign parotid disease

Author: Neil R. McLean, Peter Thomson, R. H. Milner, S. A. Reza Nouraei, Yasmin Ismail, A. R. Welch, and Mark S. Ferguson
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Facial Paralysis, Parotid duct, Risk Assessment, Sialadenitis, Pleomorphic adenoma, Cohort Studies, Age Distribution, Postoperative Complications, South Australia, medicine, Humans, Parotid Gland, Sex Distribution, Paresis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Incidence, Biopsy, Needle, Postoperative complication, General Medicine, Parotidectomy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Adenolymphoma, Prognosis, Facial nerve, Immunohistochemistry, Facial paralysis, Surgery, Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures, stomatognathic diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Parotid Diseases, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background: The objective of the study was to study the incidence of, and risk factors for developing complications following parotidectomy for benign disease, to improve preoperative patient counselling and better inform future surgical management. Methods: An 11-year retrospective review of 162 parotidectomies for benign disease, collecting and analysing data about presentation, investigations, surgical treatment, postoperative facial nerve function, Frey’s syndrome and other surgical complications. Results: The mean age at presentation was 58 years. The commonest pathology was benign pleomorphic adenoma (43%), followed by Warthin’s tumour (30%) and chronic sialadenitis (22%). Sialadenitis was a significant risk factor for facial nerve palsy and increased the incidence of salivary fistulas. Parotid duct ligation increased the risk of nerve palsy in the distribution of zygomatic and buccal branches. Operations for Warthin’s tumour were associated with an increased risk of dysfunction of the cervical branch of the nerve. Half the patients had intraoperative facial nerve stimulation and this did not influence the likelihood of facial paresis. The recovery of facial nerve function showed a biphasic distribution, with 90% of patients having normal function within 12 months, followed by a slower recovery rate for up to 2 years. Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative complications was influenced by the pathology, with inflammatory lesions significantly increasing the risk of facial nerve dysfunction and other complications, but also by variations in surgical practice, such as parotid duct ligation. Overall, the incidence of permanent facial paralysis was less than 2%, but temporary nerve palsy was common at 40%, with most patients regaining normal function within 1 year of the operation.
Published: 2008

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Journal

Database

Publisher

73 results on '"PETER THOMSON"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources