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Recurrent posterior glenohumeral instability is an entity that demands a high clinical suspicion and a detailed study for a correct approach and treatment. Its classification must consider its biomechanics, whether it is due to functional muscular imbalance or to structural changes, volition, and intentionality. Due to its varied clinical presentations and different structural alterations, ranging from capsule-labral lesions and bone defects to glenoid dysplasia and retroversion, the different treatment alternatives available have historically had a high incidence of failure. A detailed radiographic assessment, with both CT and MRI, with a precise assessment of glenoid and humeral bone defects and of glenoid morphology, is mandatory. Physiotherapy focused on periscapular muscle reeducation and external rotator strengthening is always the first line of treatment. When conservative treatment fails, surgical treatment must be guided by the structural lesions present, ranging from soft tissue repair to posterior bone block techniques to restore or increase the articular surface. Bone block procedures are indicated in cases of recurrent posterior instability after the failure of conservative treatment or soft tissue techniques, as well as symptomatic demonstrable nonintentional instability, presence of a posterior glenoid defect >10%, increased glenoid retroversion between 10 and 25°, and posterior rim dysplasia. Bone block fixation techniques that avoid screws and metal allow for satisfactory initial clinical results in a safe and reproducible way. An algorithm for the approach and treatment of recurrent posterior glenohumeral instability is presented, as well as the author’s preferred surgical technique for arthroscopic posterior bone block.

Introducción: el reflejo trigémino cardíaco es una respuesta fisiológica parasimpática repentina, que ocasiona alteraciones cardiovasculares importantes durante la estimulación nerviosa en el trayecto del V par craneal, generalmente ocurre al realizar procedimientos quirúrgicos en cirugía oral y maxilofacial, neurocirugía, oftalmología y dermatología. La artroscopia de la articulación temporomandibular ha sido tradicionalmente considerada un procedimiento quirúrgico seguro, mínimamente invasivo, aun así, esta técnica no está exenta de complicaciones neuro y cardiovasculares. Objetivo: presentar un caso clínico que durante una artroscopia de la articulación temporomandibular en la fase de instrumentación del espacio articular superior, y que, bajo monitoreo continuo del anestesiólogo, reportó una bradicardia súbita. Conclusión: el diagnóstico intraoperatorio de reflejo trigémino cardíaco, fue descrito por el servicio de anestesiología recibiendo un tratamiento farmacológico temprano para esta condición, lo que permitió obtener una adecuada evolución trans y postoperatoria.La artroscopia de la articulación temporomandibular ha sido tradicionalmente considerada un procedimiento quirúrgico seguro, mínimamente invasivo, aun así, esta técnica no está exenta de complicaciones.El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un caso clínico que durante una artroscopia de la articulación temporomandibular en la fase de instrumentación del espacio articular superior sufrió una bradicardia súbita, con un diagnóstico intraoperatorio de reflejo trigémino cardíaco, recibiendo un tratamiento temprano por parte del servicio de anestesiología de esta condición, obteniendo una adecuada evolución trans y postoperatoria.

Large glenoid bone loss defects are associated with higher failure rates after arthroscopic Bankart repair in cases of glenohumeral anterior instability, further necessitating bone graft reconstruction. Because most techniques use strong initial fixation using metal devices, bone graft resorption considered to be closely related to the presence of metal components is a potential shortcoming of these techniques. We describe an arthroscopic technique for anatomical reconstruction of the glenoid that uses a tricortical iliac crest with a metal-free fixation method using 2 ultra-high-strength sutures (FiberTape Cerclage System; Arthrex, Naples, FL), which provide substantial stability to the graft, and finishing with a capsulolabral reconstruction.

Extensor apparatus injury; Open patella fracture; Stiff knee Lesión del aparato extensor; Fractura de rótula abierta; Rodilla rígida Lesió de l'aparell extensor; Fractura de ròtula oberta; Genoll rígid Open patella fractures have high complication rates. Post-traumatic joint stiffness is particularly common. The management of this complication is even more difficult if free flap was used to cover a soft tissue defect. Late surgical manipulation of free flaps can lead to their failure, with catastrophic consequences. The use of minimally invasive techniques could reduce the associated risks. We present a case of knee stiffness after the fix and flap treatment of a grade IIIB open patella fracture. We performed an arthroscopic arthrolysis with portals through the flap. The pedicle was preoperatively located and avoided. Joint range of motion remarkably improved without records of flap complications. We consider that the technique is feasible. Its success was based on the multidisciplinary collaboration between orthopaedic and plastic surgeons and rehabilitation medicine specialists.

Objective: To analyze the functional outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Methods: 194 patients (131 males and 63 females), with a mean age of 39 (15-68) years old for men and 43 (16-58) years old for women. The average follow-up was 17 months (2 to 71). 103 patients presented Cam-type FAI, 102 mixed and 25 Pincer. “Unilateral” arthroscopy was performed in 161 cases, “Bilateral” (only once each side) in 46 cases and, “Multiple” (more than one procedure on the same hip) in 23. The female sex was prevalent in the Pincer type FAI (76%), while males were prevalent in Mixed and Cam type, 74.5% and 72.8%, respectively. Results: The mean HHSpre score was 63.7 and 87.1 for HHSpost, i.e. 73.11%. Differences appeared between “mixed” and “unilateral” groups. The complications percentage in this series was 18.7% and 7% progressed to total hip arthroplasty. Conclusion: The arthroscopic FAI treatment improved the postoperative clinical scores of these patients, especially in cases of mixed-type FAI, which presented a higher improvement rate. Insufficient femoral osteoplasty was the main cause for surgical re-intervention, particularly in the initial cases of this series. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective study. RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados funcionais após tratamento artroscópico do impacto femoroacetabular (IFA). Métodos: Foram selecionados 194 pacientes (131 do sexo masculino e 63 do sexo feminino), com idade média de 39 (15-68) anos no caso dos homens e 43 (16-58) anos para as mulheres. O seguimento médio foi de 17 meses (2 a 71). 103 pacientes apresentaram IFA tipo Came, 102 Misto e 25 tipo Pincer. A artroscopia única foi realizada em 161 casos; a bilateral (somente uma vez cada lado) em 46 casos e a múltipla (mais de um procedimento no mesmo quadril) em 23. O sexo feminino foi prevalente no IFA do tipo Pincer (76%) e o masculino nos tipos Misto e Came, 74,5% e 72,8%, respectivamente. Resultados: A média do escore HHSpré foi de 63,7 para HHSpós de 87,1, ou seja 73,11% Ficaram evidenciadas diferenças nos grupos “misto” e “único”. O percentual de complicações desta série foi de 18,7% e 7% evoluíram para artroplastia total do quadril. Conclusão: O tratamento artroscópico IFA melhorou os escores clínicos, principalmente nos casos de IFA do tipo misto, que apresentou maior taxa de melhora, A osteoplastia femoral insuficiente foi a principal causa para reintervenção cirúrgica, particularmente nos casos iniciais desta série. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo retrospectivo.

Objective The purpose of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with the presence of deep chondral lesions (Konan/Haddad grades III and IV) in patients submitted to hip arthroscopy to treat femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Method This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of a series of 125 consecutive hip arthroscopies performed between May 2016 and May 2017. After applying the exclusion criteria, 107 hips of 92 patients submitted to surgical treatment for mixed and CAM FAI were analyzed. For purposes of analysis, the present study considered groups with lesions considered mild and deep, which were associated with symptom score, lateral coverage angle, α angle, age, gender, and radiological classification of arthrosis. Results with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Patients whose hips had lesions considered deep had significantly higher nonarthritic hip scores (NAHSs) than those whose hips presented lesions considered mild or who did not present chondral lesions (67.9 ± 19.4 versus 57.0 ± 21.9, p= 0.027). The prevalence of deep lesions was higher in hipswith Tonnis 1 compared with hips with Tonnis 0: 15(55.6%) versus 10 (12.7%), respectively, p< 0.001.Men presented a higher prevalence of grades III and IV lesions than women, 23 (34.3%) versus 2 (5.0%), p= 0.001, and had significantly higher functional scores (65.6 ± 19.6 versus 49.3 ± 21.6, p< 0.001). Conclusion Men presented a higher prevalence of deep lesions. Hips classified as Tonnis 1 presented a 4.4-fold higher probability of presenting these lesions. Patients with deep chondrolabral lesions had a better preoperative functional score. Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados à presença de lesões condrais profundas (graus III e IV de Konan/Haddad) em pacientes submetidos à artroscopia do quadril para tratamento do impacto femoroacetabular (IFA). Método Estudo transversal, prospectivo, de uma série de 125 artroscopias consecutivas do quadril feitas entre maio de 2016 e maio de 2017. Depois de aplicados os critérios de exclusão, foram analisados 107 quadris de 92 pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico do IFA dos tipos misto e CAM. Para fins de análise, os grupos foram divididos entre lesões consideradas leves e profundas, e foi feita associação comescore de sintomas, ângulo de cobertura lateral, ângulo alfa, idade, gênero, e classificação radiológica de artrose. Foramconsiderados como estatisticamente significativos testes com valor de probabilidade < 0,05. Resultados Pacientes cujos quadris apresentaram lesões consideradas profundas tiveramescores de quadril não artrítico (NAHSs, na sigla em inglês) significativamentemaiores do que aqueles cujos quadris apresentavam lesões consideradas leves ou não apresentavamlesão condrolabral (67,9 ± 19,4 versus 57,0 ± 21,9; p= 0,027). Aprevalência de lesões profundas foi maior nos quadris Tonnis 1 do que nos que apresentaramTonnis 0: 15 (55,6%) versus 10 (12,7%), respectivamente; p< 0,001. Homens apresentaram melhores escores funcionais e maior prevalência de lesões graus III e IVdoque as mulheres: 65,6 ± 19,6 versus 49,3 ± 21,6; p< 0,001, e 23 (34,3%) versus 2 (5,0%), p= 0,001, respectivamente. Conclusão Homens apresentaram maior prevalência de lesões profundas. Quadris Tonnis 1 tiveram um risco 4,4 vezes maior de apresentar essas lesões. Pacientes com lesões condrolabrais profundas apresentaram melhor escore funcional pré-operatório.

Objective: To evaluate the microfracture intervention with tibial valgus osteotomy associated in the treatment of varus gonarthrosis. Methods: From November 2005 to May 2013, 129 patients with medial gonarthrosis, varus deformity (8°-12°), and range of movement greater than 90° were evaluated. Patients with advanced gonarthrosis (Alhbäck 3, 4, and 5), Outerbridge lesion inferior to IV, previous knee surgery, body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2, and/or cruciate ligament injuries were not included. All patients were treated with videoarthroscopy followed by tibial valgus osteotomy. In the group osteotomy associated with microfracture (n = 56, mean age = 39.3), tibial valgus osteotomy and microfracture techniques to address chondral defects were used. In the isolated osteotomy group (n = 73, mean age = 41.4), only this procedure was performed. Post-surgical follow-up was 24 months, with four evaluations in the first 6 months, proceeding to biannual twice-a-year evaluation in the subsequent period. The Lysholm scale was used for functional monitoring. Results: There was a significant improvement in the pain, limping, and squatting domains of the Lysholm scale but only in the isolated osteotomy group. A greater variance of results was observed in the osteotomy group associated to microfracture, in addition to an increased risk of functional deterioration (OR = 8.64). Conclusion: The association of microfractures and tibial valgus osteotomy was correlated to lower functional outcomes than tibial valgus osteotomy alone, and may be related to the risk of worsening in the first two postoperative years. RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a intervenção de microfratura associada a osteotomia tibial valgizante no tratamento de gonartrose medial com geno varo. Métodos: Entre novembro de 2005 e maio de 2013, foram avaliados 129 pacientes portadores de gonartrose medial, geno varo entre 8° e 12° e arco de movimento superior a 90°. Não foram incluídos pacientes com gonartrose avançada (Alhbäck 3, 4 e 5), lesão Outerbridge inferior a IV, cirurgia prévia na articulação, índice de massa corpórea superior a 35 kg/m2 e/ou lesão de ligamentos cruzados. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a videoartroscopia do joelho seguida de osteotomia tibial valgizante. No grupo osteotomia tibial valgizante associado a microfratura (n = 56, média de idade = 39,3) foram associadas as técnicas de osteotomia tibial valgizante e microfratura nos defeitos condrais. No grupo osteotomia tibial valgizante isolada (n = 73, média de idade = 41,4), apenas esse procedimento foi feito. O acompanhamento pós-cirúrgico foi de 24 meses, com quatro avaliações ambulatoriais nos primeiros seis meses, passou-se a avaliações semestrais no período subsequente. A escala de Lysholm foi usada no acompanhamento funcional. Resultados: Uma melhoria significativa nos domínios dor, claudicação e agachamento da escala de Lysholm foi observada apenas no grupo osteotomia tibial valgizante isolada. Maior variância de resultados foi observada no grupo osteotomia tibial valgizante associada a microfratura e uma razão de chances de pioria de 8,64. Conclusão: A associação das microfraturas e osteotomia tibial valgizante tem resultado funcional inferior à osteotomia tibial valgizante isolada, pode ainda estar relacionada ao risco de pioria nos primeiros dois anos de pós-operatório.

Objective: The aim was to report 4 patients with intra-articular knee synovial haemangioma (KSH) and to perform a systematic review to describe the patient characteristics, patterns of tumor location, clinical presentation, usefulness of imaging examinations, pros and cons of arthroscopic vs. open resection, and follow-up in the literature.Design: From 1996 to 2016, four patients with KSH were retrospectively reviewed. A literature search was conducted in PubMed from 2000/01 to 2020/06 using the search terms “synovial haemangioma” and “knee.” Fifty full-text articles that included a total of 92 patients were included for further discussion.Results: Four adults (20–40 years) were diagnosed with KSH. Three lesions located in the suprapatellar pouch, two eroding the patella and one the supratrochlear bone, and one in the posterior compartment. Persistent anterior knee pain was the main complain. MRI revealed a benign tumor mass in all cases except one. Open excisional biopsy and regional synovectomy were performed in three patients, and by arthroscopy of the posterior compartment in the fourth. Histological type was arteriovenous in three cases and capillary in one. A pain-free knee without recurrence was achieve in all cases except one, which was successfully reoperated. Average follow-up time was 3.5 years. A literature review showed that KSH appears most frequently in children and teenagers (64.6%) and does not differ by gender. The suprapatellar and patella-femoral joint compartment was the most frequent location (47.9%). The bony tissue of the knee was rarely affected (13.5%). Pain, swelling and haemarthrosis were frequently reported (88.2, 66.7, and 47.1%). MRI was the most commonly used imaging test (98%). Treatment consisted of regional synovectomy by open surgery or arthroscopy in 66.7 and 15.6% of cases, respectively.Conclusions: KSH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adult patients with chronic low-intensity knee pain. MRI is the most useful exam because it establishes the location, extent and benign characteristics of the tumor. Definitive diagnosis requires histological examination. We believe excisional biopsy and regional synovectomy by arthroscopy should be the treatments of choice for intra-articular tumors, but we recommend open surgery when the lesion extends to the tendons, muscle or bone.

The Bristow–Latarjet procedure has been one of the most recognized procedures for the treatment of recurrent shoulder dislocation with anterior glenoid bone loss, revision surgery after failed Bankart repair, contact and collision sport injuries, and patients with a high risk of recurrence. Open and arthroscopic approaches have recently shown similar outcomes by several authors. However, complications related to metal implants, despite being low, are still a matter of concern. We describe an all-arthroscopic Latarjet technique with a metal-free fixation method using 2 ultra-high-strength sutures, creating a cerclage construct through 2.4mm glenoid and coracoid tunnels with a final capsulolabral complex reconstruction., Technique Video Video 1 We present the first all arthroscopic metal-free Latarjet cerclage technique. The patient is positioned in the beach chair position. We use a 70° arthroscopic scope through the posterior portal and a radiofrequency device through the anterosuperior portal to release the rotator interval, the coracoacromial ligament, the clavipectoral fascia and the inferior, lateral and anterior border of the conjoined tendon. The pectoralis minor tendon detachment is performed from the coracoid portal. The coracoid’s inferior border is flattened with a rasp or burr introduced through the anterosuperior portal. The coracoid’s length is measured. With the help of a 7 mm offset-specific guide inserted through the coracoid portal, 2 tunnels are performed with two 2.4-mm cannulated drills. An 8.2- to 5-mm cannula is inserted through the anteroinferior portal for suture shuttling. Two nitinol wires are subsequently passed through the cannulated drills. The nitinol wires are retrieved one after the other through the cannula and switched with 2 high-strength FiberLink sutures. The capsulolabral complex is detached from 1 to 6 o’clock through the anterosuperior portal. The hook component of the glenoid drilling guide is passed through the standard posterior portal and engaged on the anterior glenoid rim. Two tunnels are then drilled through the glenoid with the same 2.4-mm cannulated drills previously used for the coracoid drilling. A Wissinger rod is passed from the posterior portal through the subscapularis muscle to determine the level of the horizontal split on its lower portion. With a radiofrequency device, a horizontal split is performed. A specific retractor is inserted through the coracoid portal. A nitinol wire is passed through the inferior glenoid cannulated drill and retrieved across the subscapularis split through the cannula. The nitinol wire is replaced by a blue FiberLink, shuttling it through the glenoid, leaving its loop posteriorly. Two preconfigured FiberTape Cerclage sutures are transported, by pulling the blue inferior glenoid tunnel FiberLink and retrieved through the cannula. The inferior end of the blue distal coracoid tunnel FiberLink is used to shuttle the FiberTapes through the coracoid process, from ventral to dorsal. The white proximal coracoid tunnel FiberLink is used to shuttle the FiberTapes through the coracoid, from dorsal to ventral. A second nitinol is passed through the superior glenoid cannulated drill. The nitinol is replaced with a white FiberLink, which is used to transport the FiberTape through the superior glenoid tunnel from anterior to posterior. Looking through the anterosuperior portal, we use an arthroscopic grasp and chisel through the anterior portal to cut the coracoid at its base. The coracoid graft is transferred through the subscapularis split by pulling on the FiberTapes sutures symmetrically. The cerclage tapes are interconnected and manually, the knots are reduced against the posterior glenoid. With a tensioner, each suture is tensioned separately and an 80-N secure fixation is achieved. Finally, the system is locked with 3 alternating knots. Reconstruction of the capsulolabral complex on the native anterior glenoid rim is achieved leaving the coracoid in an extra-articular position.

espanolLos danos a los tejidos blandos intrarticulares de la articulacion temporomandibular (ATM) durante una fractura condilar han sido tradicionalmente relegados y escasamente estudiados. La artroscopia es un procedimiento quirurgico minimamente invasivo que puede combinarse con el abordaje abierto de las fracturas condilares con el fin de diagnosticar los danos intrarticulares y tratarlos si se precisa. Tras realizar una revision bibliografica, tan solo se han publicado 4 articulos sobre los hallazgos artroscopicos en estos casos y revelan una patologia mayor de la esperada, que si no se soluciona puede llevar a secuelas importantes a largo plazo. Se presenta un caso clinico de una fractura subcondilar derecha desplazada en el que se combina una artroscopia de la ATM con un abordaje abierto y reduccion de la fractura en el mismo acto. Los hallazgos artroscopicos mas comunes son la hemartrosis, los coagulos, el desplazamiento discal, la sinovitis hiperplasica, los danos sobre el fibrocartilago y las perforaciones discales. La presente revision concluye que es necesario evaluar y diagnosticar los danos intrarticulares en fracturas condilares mandibulares y que la artroscopia es un metodo adecuado que permite ademas tratar la patologia articular asociada. EnglishDamage to the intra-articular soft tissues of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during a condylar fracture has traditionally been neglected and poorly studied. Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that can be combined with the open approach for condylar fractures, in order to diagnose intra-articular damage and treat it if necessary. After conducting a literature review, only 4 articles have been published on arthroscopic findings and they reveal a pathology greater than expected which, if not resolved, can lead to significant long-term sequelae. A clinical case of a displaced right subcondylar fracture is presented in which an arthroscopy of the TMJ is combined with an open approach and reduction of the fracture in the same act. The most common arthroscopic findings are hemarthrosis, clots, disc displacement, hyperplastic synovitis, fibrocartilage damage, and disc perforations. The present review concludes that it is necessary to evaluate and diagnose intra-articular damage in mandibular condylar fractures and that arthroscopy is an adequate method that also allows treating associated joint pathology.

Posterior shoulder dislocations are an uncommon cause of glenohumeral instability; they are frequently missed and are associated with humeral head defects and capsulolabral lesions. Despite surgical treatment often being mandatory, there is still no standardized treatment for anterior impaction fractures of the humeral head (reverse Hill-Sachs lesions). Arthroscopic surgery is typically indicated, with a tendency toward resorting to knotless techniques in recent years. We present a method for the treatment of posterior shoulder dislocations with engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesions that achieves full defect coverage using an arthroscopic all-in-the-box knotless subscapularis bridge technique with 2 anchors—with one crossing the subscapularis tendon and the other embracing it—along with posterior capsulolabral complex restoration. This promising technique is a potentially superior alternative for the treatment of these lesions that can also be used in the presence of concomitant partial subscapularis tears.

Objectives To analyze the functional outcomes in patients submitted to videoarthroscopic surgical treatment for compleat rotator cuff tears of the shoulder, with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Methods A total of 63 patients (63 shoulders) underwent videoarthroscopic surgical repair for compleat rotator cuff tears with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. The postoperative functional outcomes of these patients were evaluated using the Constant and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores. Results The functional evaluation revealed mean UCLA and Constant scores of 26 and 93 points, respectively. Ninety-one percent of the subjects had satisfactory Constant scores, whereas 62% presented satisfactory UCLA scores. Conclusion The arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff complete tear was effective even in the long term (minimum follow-up period of 10 years). The age of the patients before surgery, size of the lesion, the degree of fatty infiltration, and evaluation of muscle trophism are important predictors of prognosis. Resumo Objetivo Analisar o resultado funcional dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico videoartroscópico da ruptura completa do manguito rotador do ombro, com seguimento mínimo de 10 anos. Métodos Foram avaliados 63 pacientes (63 ombros) submetidos ao reparo cirúrgico videoartroscópico da ruptura completa do manguito rotador com seguimento mínimo de 10 anos. O resultado funcional no pós-operatório desses pacientes foi avaliado pelos escores de Constant e UCLA. Resultados Os valores médios foram de 26 pontos no escore UCLA e de 93 no escore de Constant. Para o escore de Constant, 91% foram considerados satisfatórios; e para o UCLA, 62% dos pacientes apresentaram escores satisfatórios. Conclusão O reparo artroscópico da ruptura completa do manguito rotador mostrou-se efetivo mesmo a longo prazo (seguimento mínimo de dez anos). A idade dos pacientes antes da cirurgia, o tamanho da lesão, o grau de infiltração gordurosa e a avaliação do trofismo muscular foram importantes preditores de prognóstico.

Background and objectives: In shoulder arthroscopy, on an outpatient basis, the patient needs a good control of the postoperative pain that can be achieved through regional blocks. Perineural dexamethasone may prolong the effect of these blocks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of perineural dexamethasone on the prolongation of the sensory block in the postoperative period for arthroscopic shoulder surgery in outpatient setting. Methods: After approval by the Research Ethics Committee and informed consent, patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia and ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block were randomized into Group D - blockade performed with 30 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine with vasoconstrictor and 6 mg (1.5 mL) of dexamethasone and Group C - 30 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine with vasoconstrictor and 1.5 mL of 0.9% saline. The duration of the sensory block was evaluated in 4 postoperative moments (0, 4, 12 and 24 hours) as well as the need for rescue analgesia, nausea and vomiting incidence, and Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS). Results: Seventy-four patients were recruited and 71 completed the study (Group C, n = 37; Group D, n = 34). Our findings showed a prolongation of the mean time of the sensitive blockade in Group D (1440 ± 0 min vs. 1267 ± 164 min, p < 0.001). It was observed that Group C had a higher mean pain score according to VAS (2.08 ± 1.72 vs. 0.02 ± 0.17, p < 0.001) and a greater number of patients (68.4% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) required rescue analgesia in the first 24 hours. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Perineural dexamethasone significantly prolonged the sensory blockade promoted by levobupivacaine in interscalene brachial plexus block, reduced pain intensity and rescue analgesia needs in the postoperative period. Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Na artroscopia de ombro em regime ambulatorial, o paciente necessita de um bom controle da dor pós-operatória, que pode ser conseguido por meio de bloqueios regionais. A dexametasona perineural pode prolongar o efeito desses bloqueios. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da dexametasona perineural quanto ao prolongamento do bloqueio sensitivo no período pós-operatório para cirurgia artroscópica de ombro em regime ambulatorial. Métodos: Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e consentimento informado, foram incluídos no estudo pacientes submetidos a cirurgia artroscópica de ombro sob anestesia geral e bloqueio de plexo braquial interescalênico guiado por ultrassonografia. Eles foram randomizados nos Grupo D - bloqueio com 30 mL de levobupivacaína 0,5% com vasoconstritor e 6 mg (1,5 mL) de dexametasona, e Grupo C - bloqueio com 30 mL de levobupivacaína 0,5% com vasoconstritor e 1,5 mL solução salina. A duração do bloqueio sensitivo foi avaliada em quatro momentos pós-operatórios (0, 4, 12 e 24 horas), assim como a necessidade de analgesia de resgate, incidência de náuseas e vômitos e Escala Visual Analógica de Dor (EVA). Resultados: Setenta e quatro pacientes foram randomizados e 71 completaram o estudo (Grupo C, n = 37; Grupo D, n = 34). Observou-se um prolongamento do tempo médio de bloqueio sensitivo no Grupo D (1440 ± 0 min vs. 1267 ± 164 min; p< 0,001). Pacientes do Grupo C apresentaram maior média de escore de dor de acordo com a EVA (2,08 ± 1,72vs. 0,02 ± 0,17; p< 0,001) e um maior número de pacientes solicitou analgesia de resgate nas primeiras 24 horas (68,4%vs.0%; p< 0,001). A incidência de náuseas e vômitos não foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão: A dexametasona perineural prolongou significativamente o bloqueio sensitivo da levobupivacaína no bloqueio de plexo braquial interescalênico, reduziu a intensidade de dor e a necessidade de analgesia de resgate pelo paciente no período pós-operatório.

Hip arthroscopy with initial access to the peripheral compartment represents a specific technique to approach the hip that can be particularly useful. This technique is suitable for both the arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and other pathologies that can be addressed by classic arthroscopy with central compartment initial access. Minimal capsulotomies preserve the fluid pressure in the peripheral compartment, which allows the "ballooning" of the capsule and improved joint exposure with decreased risk of fluid extravasation. In the vast majority of cases, the hip joint can be accessed by any technique depending on the surgeon preference/expertise. Interestingly, access to the central compartment under direct arthroscopic visualization decreases the risk of iatrogenic labral and chondral damage. This is particularly important when access to the central compartment is technically challenging (e.g., acetabular overcoverage, labral hypertrophy, and limited joint distraction). Such a technique is also preferable if the pathology is mainly located in the peripheral compartment. Despite several advantages, hip arthroscopy with initial access to the peripheral compartment is not a commonly performed technique. Our purpose is to perform a step-by-step explanation of a previously described technique. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Acromioclavicular dislocations are some of the most frequently recorded and controversial injuries in the athletic population. These injuries have historically been a matter of disagreement between surgeons, particularly when it comes to the surgical technique used to treat them, its approach, or its timing. Consensus over the "gold standard" procedure to treat them is yet to be established. Even though numerous surgical techniques have already been described, the number of complications and loss of reduction remains a matter of concern for treating physicians. Here, we present an arthroscopically assisted coracoclavicular and horizontal acromioclavicular fixation technique in a modified figure-of-eight configuration using 2 strong FiberTape Cerclage sutures, with measurable tension, for the comprehensive treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocations.

Resumen: Introducción: El propósito del presente estudio fue analizar si los hallazgos artroscópicos y la mejoría clínica tras dicho tratamiento quirúrgico difieren en virtud de la edad de los pacientes afectos por disfunción temporomandibular. Material y métodos: Se revisaron de manera retrospectiva los datos correspondientes a los pacientes tratados durante 7 años en dos centros hospitalarios en los cuales el tratamiento artroscópico se realizó de acuerdo con el mismo protocolo. Se consideraron solo los pacientes con diagnóstico de bloqueo crónico (estadios IV y V, según clasificación de Wilkes-Bronstein). El estudio implicó el análisis de dos grupos de pacientes diferenciados: a) Grupo A menores de 45 años al diagnóstico, b) Grupo B mayores de 45 años al diagnóstico.Durante la fase diagnóstica del protocolo de artroscopia por disfunción temporomandibular, se recogieron los parámetros «sinovitis» y «condromalacia». Asimismo se analizó la presencia o no de adherencias y/o de perforación discal. En cuanto al resultado clínico del tratamiento de los pacientes, se consideró el dolor durante la función mandibular, la máxima apertura interincisal, el movimiento protrusivo y de lateralidad en sentido contralateral a la articulación afecta como variables de estudio. Dichos datos se consideraron durante el postoperatorio al mes, 3, 6, 9, 12 y 24 meses.El análisis de los datos se basó en un análisis de la varianza de una vía para las variables cuantitativas y el test de χ2 para el estudio de las variables cualitativas. Los valores se consideraron significativos para una p

Objective: Treatment of Kienböck's disease is challenging and the variability of results, despite the surgical technique, shows that there must be other aspects that can influence outcomes. The objective of this study is determine, through arthroscopic approach, the pattern of impairment of the carpal bones in Lichtman stage III patients. Method: Wrist arthroscopy was performed in patients with symptoms and evidence of lunate necrosis on x-rays, with signs of 3A and 3B stages. The Outerbridge classification was used to grade the articular status of the carpal bones. Results: Fifteen patients with stage 3 disease were assessed, five of whom were staged as type 3A and ten as 3B using the Lichtman stages. According to the Outerbridge classification, the lunate sulcus was the most affected with means of 2.8 at 3A and 2.9 at 3B. Other areas were significantly less affected with means of 1.1 and 1.3, respectively. Conclusion: Arthroscopic assessment of the wrist could aid in surgical decision making, offering more details on cartilage status in stage 3 Kienböck's disease. Level of Evidence III, Study of nonconsecutive patients, without consistently applied reference “gold” standard. RESUMO Objetivo: O tratamento da doença de Kienböck é desafiador, e a variabilidade dos resultados, apesar da técnica cirúrgica, mostra que deve haver outros aspectos que influenciam os desfechos. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar, por via artroscópica, o padrão de comprometimento dos ossos do carpo em pacientes com estágio 3 de Lichtman. Método: A artroscopia de punho foi realizada em pacientes com sintomas e evidências de necrose do semilunar à radiografia, com sinais de estágios 3A e 3B. A classificação de Outerbridge foi usada para determinar a condição articular dos ossos do carpo. Resultados: Foram avaliados 15 pacientes com doença em estágio 3, sendo que cinco classificados como tipo 3A e dez como tipo 3B usando os estágios de Lichtman. De acordo com a classificação de Outerbridge, o sulco semilunar foi mais afetado, com médias de 2,8 em 3A e 2,9 em 3B. Outras áreas foram significativamente menos afetadas, com médias de 1,1 e 1,3, respectivamente. Conclusão: A avaliação artroscópica do punho pode auxiliar na tomada de decisão cirúrgica, oferecendo mais detalhes sobre a condição da cartilagem no estágio 3 da doença de Kienböck. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo de pacientes não-consecutivos, sem padrão de referência “ouro” aplicado uniformemente.

To evaluate the correlation between the UCLA and Constant-Murley scores in the surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears and proximal humeral fractures (PHF).Retrospective study evaluating patients submitted to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and surgical treatment of PHF with 2-year follow-up. Patients were evaluated by the UCLA and Constant-Murley scores in the preoperative period for the rotator cuff repairs, and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery for both diagnoses. Pearson's correlation coefficient (We evaluated 109 patients: 54 with rotator cuff tear and 55 with PHF. Twenty-four months after surgical treatment, the scores according to the UCLA and Constant-Murley scores were 32.6 ± 4.0 and 85.0 ± 12.0 for the rotator cuff tears and 30.3 ± 5.3 and 73.8 ± 13.9 for the PHF, demonstrating significant improvements in both, in relation to the initial evaluation (The UCLA and Constant-Murley scores presented high or very high correlation in the evaluation of surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears and PHF. The correlation in the preoperative evaluation was high.Avaliar a correlação entre as escalas da UCLA e de Constant-Murley no tratamento cirúrgico de roturas do manguito rotador e de fraturas da extremidade proximal do úmero (FEPU).Estudo retrospectivo, que avaliou pacientes submetidos ao reparo do manguito rotador por via artroscópica e tratamento cirúrgico de FEPU com dois anos de seguimento. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelas escalas da UCLA e de Constant-Murley no período pré-operatório nas roturas do manguito rotador e após seis, 12 e 24 meses da cirurgia em ambos os diagnósticos. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (Avaliamos 109 pacientes, 54 com rotura do manguito rotador e 55 com FEPU. Após 24 meses do tratamento cirúrgico, as pontuações pelas escalas da UCLA e da Constant-Murley foram de 32,6 ± 4,0 e 85,0 ± 12,0 nas roturas do manguito rotador e 30,3 ± 5,3 e 73,8 ± 13,9 nas FEPU, com melhoria significativa em ambas em relação à avaliação inicial (p0,001). As escalas demostraram alta correlação (r = 0,88, p0,001). Em todas as avaliações clínicas pós-operatórias as pontuações obtidas nas duas escalas se correlacionaram de modo alto ou muito alto (r = 0,79 a 0,91, p0,001). No pré-operatório a correlação foi alta (r = 0,73, p0,001).As escalas da UCLA e de Constant-Murley apresentam uma correlação alta ou muito alta na avaliação do tratamento cirúrgico das roturas do manguito rotador e das FEPU. No pré-operatório a correlação é alta.

This paper reports a case of diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (DPVNS), associated with advanced gonarthrosis, submitted to total knee replacement. The patient had progressive pain and swelling. She had two previous surgeries, firstly arthroscopic , synovectomy and subsequently open synovectomy associated with radiotherapy, with recurrence of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse synovitis, advanced arthrosis, and bone cysts. The patient was submitted to a total knee replacement and synovectomy. There was a good postoperative clinical course, with improvement of pain, function, and joint edema on examination. The patient will be followed regarding the possibility of disease recurrence and implant survival.

ResumoA escápula em ressalto é uma síndrome com diversas etiologias, entre elas o osteocondroma subescapular. Quando esse tumor necessita ser retirado, é possível fazê‐lo por via artroscópica, um procedimento que apresenta indicações restritas. Os autores apresentam neste artigo o caso de uma paciente com osteocondroma da região superomedial da face ventral da escápula, submetida a procedimento cirúrgico por artroscopia escápulotorácica para sua retirada.AbstractSnapping scapula syndrome has several etiologies, including subscapular osteochondroma. When this tumor needs to be removed, this can be done arthroscopically, a procedure that has restricted indications. The authors present a case of a patient with superomedial subscapular osteochondroma who underwent a scapulothoracic arthroscopy for its removal.

ResumoObjetivoAvaliar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos, bem como as complicações da osteotomia de realinhamento subcapital por via artroscópica para tratamento da epifisiólise proximal do fêmur (EPF) crônica e estável, relativos a uma série inicial de pacientes. Conforme análise da literatura, o estudo apresenta a primeira descrição de técnica artroscópica desse tipo de osteotomia.MétodosEntre junho de 2012 a dezembro de 2014, sete pacientes foram submetidos à osteotomia de realinhamento subcapital por via artroscópica para tratamento da EPF crônica e estável. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 11 anos e quatro meses. O seguimento mínimo foi de seis a 36 meses (média de 16,5 meses). Os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente de acordo com o Harris Hip Score modificado por Byrd e radiograficamente conforme a classificação quantitativa de Southwick e o ângulo epifisio‐diafisário. Complicações pós‐operatórias foram analisadas.ResultadosCom relação à avaliação do escore clínico Harris Hip Score Modificado por Byrd, observou‐se média pré‐operatória de 35,8 pontos e pós‐operatória de 97,5 pontos (p

ResumoObjetivoAvaliar os resultados dos pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico da epicondilite lateral refratária a tratamento conservador e identificar fatores de pior prognóstico.MétodosEstudo retrospectivo de 44 pacientes (47 cotovelos) submetidos a desbridamento cirúrgico artroscópico do tendão extensor radial curto do carpo (ERCC) para tratamento de epicondilite lateral refratária a tratamento conservador de fevereiro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2015, operados por um único cirurgião em um único centro. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de DASH, pela classificação visual analógica de dor (EVA) e pelo Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36). A média de idade na cirurgia foi de 44,4 anos (32 a 60). O tempo de sintomas antes da cirurgia foi de 2,02 anos (variação de seis meses a 10 anos). O seguimento médio foi de 18,6 meses (variação de seis a 31,9).ResultadosA média dos escores pós‐operatórios foi de 25,9 pontos no DASH; 1 ponto no EVA de repouso (todos os casos de dores leve) e 3 pontos na EVA em atividade, 31 (66%) casos de dores leves, 10 (21%) de moderadas e seis (13%) de intensas; SF‐36 de 62,5. Observou‐se uma correlação moderada entre o tempo de dor antes da cirurgia e a pontuação no escore de DASH com o resultado funcional final. Não foram observadas complicações significativas com o procedimento por via artroscópica.ConclusõesO tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico para epicondilite lateral recalcitrante do cotovelo apresenta bons resultados, é eficaz e seguro. Quanto menor o tempo de dor antes da cirurgia e quanto menor o DASH pré‐operatório, melhor o prognóstico.AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the results of patients undergoing arthroscopic surgical treatment of refractory lateral epicondylitis, identifying poor prognosis factors.MethodsA retrospective study of 44 patients (47 elbows) who underwent arthroscopic debridement of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon to treat refractory lateral epicondylitis from February 2013 to February 2015, operated by a single surgeon at one center. Patients were assessed by DASH score, visual analogue scale of pain (VAS), and ShortForm 36 (SF‐36). The mean age at surgery was 44.4 years (32‐60). The duration of symptoms prior to the surgery was approximately 2.02 years (range: 6 months to 10 years). Mean follow‐up was 18.6 months (range of 6 to 31.9).ResultsThe mean postoperative DASH score was 25.9 points; mean VAS, 1.0 point at rest (all the patients with mild pain) and 3.0 points at activity, of which 31 (66%) cases presented mild pain, 10 (21%) moderate pain, and six (13%) severe pain; mean SF‐36 score was 62.5. A moderate correlation was observed between duration of pain before surgery and the DASH score with the final functional outcome. No significant complications with the arthroscopic procedure were observed.ConclusionsArthroscopic surgical treatment for recalcitrant lateral elbow epicondylitis presented good results, being effective and safe. The shorter the time of pain before surgery and the lower the preoperative DASH score, the better the prognosis.

To evaluate the results of arthroscopic surgery in patients with traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation.This retrospective study analyzed 76 patients with a mean age of 28 and mean postoperative follow-up period of 62 months. Evaluation consisted of physical examination, and X-rays; results were classified according to the UCLA and Rowe scales.Patients showed decrease of range of motion in all planes, except elevation and lateral rotation with 90º abduction. According to the Rowe score, significant postoperative improvement was found compared with preoperative evaluations, with 89.4% of satisfactory results. According to the UCLA score, good or excellent results were observed in 97.4% of the cases. We found a 6.5% rate of recurrence.Arthroscopic treatment for traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation is effective, as long as indications are used.Avaliar os resultados da cirurgia artroscópica em pacientes com instabilidade traumática anterior do ombro.Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo de 76 pacientes, com média etária de 28 anos e tempo médio de seguimento pós-operatório de 62 meses. A avaliação foi feita por meio de exame físico, radiográfico e classificação de resultados segundo as escalas funcionais da UCLA e Rowe.Os pacientes apresentaram perda de amplitude de movimento em todos os planos, exceto elevação e rotação lateral em abdução de 90º. Na avaliação da escala de Rowe, observamos, em média, melhora estatisticamente significante dos resultados pós-operatórios comparadas às avaliações pré-operatórias, com 89,4% de resultados satisfatórios. Pela escala UCLA, observamos resultados satisfatórios em 97,4% dos casos. Encontramos um índice de recidiva de 6,5%.A cirurgia artroscópica para o tratamento da instabilidade traumática anterior do ombro é um método eficaz, desde que se respeitem as indicações.

ResumoO impacto femoroacetabular (FAI) é condição de caracterização relativamente recente; decorre de relações anatômico‐funcionais anormais entre a região proximal do fêmur e o acetábulo, associadas a movimentos de repetição, que acarretam lesões no labrum e na cartilagem acetabular. As alterações são representadas pela retroversão acetabular ou diminuição da altura entre a borda lateral da cabeça e o colo femoral. Além disso, o impacto femoroacetabular pode ser secundário a fraturas do colo do fêmur com consolidação viciosa ou decorrer de osteotomias pélvicas que provocam o retrodirecionamento do acetábulo. Essas anomalias levam ao contato femoroacetabular patológico que origina forças de impacto e cisalhamento durante os movimentos do quadril. Em consequência, há lesão labral e artrose precoce. O diagnóstico é feito pela sintomatologia típica, sinais radiográficos e ressonância magnética. O tratamento fundamenta‐se na correção das anomalias anatômicas, reparo do labrum e remoção da cartilagem lesada. Entretanto, há necessidade de conhecer melhor a evolução natural da afecção, principalmente nos indivíduos assintomáticos, bem como resultados do tratamento em longo prazo.AbstractThe femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is as condition recently characterized that results from the abnormal anatomic and functional relation between the proximal femur and the acetabular border, associated with repetitive movements, which lead labrum and acetabular cartilage injuries. Such alterations result from anatomical variations such as acetabular retroversion or decrease of the femoroacetabular offset. In addition, FAI may result from acquired conditions as malunited femoral neck fractures, or retroverted acetabulum after pelvic osteotomies. These anomalies lead to pathological femoroacetabular contact, which in turn create impact and shear forces during hip movements. As a result, there is early labrum injury and acetabulum cartilage degeneration. The diagnosis is based on the typical clinical findings and images. Treatment is based on the correction of the anatomic anomalies, labrum debridement or repair, and degenerate articular cartilage removal. However, the natural evolution of the condition, as well as the outcome from long‐term treatment, demand a better understanding, mainly in the asymptomatic individuals.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of patients that underwent arthroscopic surgery for lateral epicondylitis (LE), after failed conservative treatment. Methods: One hundred four patients with LE treated with arthroscopic debridement of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon were enrolled in this retrospective study. They were evaluated using Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scale. Mean age at surgery was 46.9 years. Duration of symptoms was 2.1 years (range: 6 m to 10 yrs.). Mean follow-up was 34.4 months (range: 6 to 68 m). Results: Mean postoperative scores were: 20.67 points on the DASH; 1.8 points on the VAS at rest, with 48 cases (46%) without pain, 40 (38%) with mild pain, 13 (13%) with moderate pain and 4 (4%) with severe pain; 4.7 points on the VAS in activity, with 21 (20%) without pain, 21 (20%) with mild pain, 35 (34%) with moderate pain and 27 (26%) with severe pain; and SF-36 was 66.8 points. Of the 23 patients who practiced sports regularly or with higher physical demand from the upper limbs, 17 (74%) were able to return to the same activity at the same level. No significant complications were observed postoperatively, except for 3 (2.8%) cases of postoperative superficial infection. Conclusion: Surgical treatment with arthroscopy for recalcitrant LE is effective and safe, presenting positive outcomes in the studied patients. Level of evidence IV, Case Series. RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados dos pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico da epicondilite lateral (EL) refratária depois da falha no tratamento conservador. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo que incluiu 104 pacientes submetidos a desbridamento artroscópico do tendão extensor radial curto do carpo (ERCC) para tratamento de EL. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de DASH, pela classificação visual analógica de dor (EVA) e pelo Short-Form 36 (SF36). A média da idade foi de 46,9 anos (variação de 30 a 69 anos). O tempo de sintomas foi de 2,1 anos (variação de 6 meses a 10 anos). O seguimento médio foi de 34,4 meses (variação de 6 – 68 meses). Resultados: A média dos escores pós-operatórios foi de: 20,67 pontos no DASH; 1,8 pontos no EVA de repouso, sendo 48 (46%) sem dor, 40 (38%) com dor leve, 13 casos (13%) com dor moderada e 4 (4%) com dor intensa; 4,7 pontos no EVA em atividade, sendo 21 (20%) sem dor, 21 (20%) com dores leves, 35 (34%) com dores moderadas e 27 (26%) com dores intensas; e SF-36 de 66,8. Dos 23 pacientes em prática constante de esporte ou com maior demanda física nos membros superiores, 17 (74%) conseguiram retornar ao mesmo nível. Não observamos complicações significativas exceto por 3 (2,8%) casos de infecção pós-operatória superficial. Conclusão: O tratamento artroscópico para EL recalcitrante do cotovelo é eficaz e seguro, apresentando resultados positivos. Nível de Evidencia IV, Série de Casos.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of partial- and full-thickness upper third subscapularis tendon tears on the functional scores of patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods: Patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were divided into three groups according to the subscapularis tendon condition: intact, partial-thickness tear, or full-thickness upper third tear. Functional scores were compared among groups. Second, the influence of biceps and infraspinatus tears on the scores was tested using multivariate regression analysis. Results: We evaluated 307 shoulders in 297 patients. Full-thickness upper third subscapularis tears presented significantly worse scores than intact tendons. Partial-thickness tears had scores that did not differ significantly from those of the other groups. Patients with full-thickness upper third tears presented a greater rate of injured and unstable biceps tendons. The multivariate analysis showed that biceps and infraspinatus tendon tears did not influence the scores or the intergroup comparison. Conclusion: Full-thickness upper third subscapularis tendon tears presented worse functional scores than intact subscapularis tendons among patients undergoing posterosuperior rotator cuff repair. Patients with full-thickness subscapularis tears were more likely to suffer biceps tears, but this fact did not influence functional scores. Level of Evidence I; Clinical randomized trial RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência das lesões do terço superior do tendão subescapular nos escores funcionais de pacientes submetidos ao reparo artroscópico do manguito. Métodos: Divisão em três grupos, conforme condição do tendão subescapular: intacto; ruptura de espessura parcial ou ruptura do terço superior de espessura total. Comparamos escores funcionais. Em seguida, a influência das lesões do bíceps e do infraespinhal nos escores foi testada através de análise de regressão multivariada. Resultados: Avaliamos 307 ombros em 297 pacientes. Rupturas subescapulares no terço superior de espessura total apresentaram escores significativamente piores aos pacientes com tendão intacto. Rupturas de espessura parcial apresentaram escore sem diferença significativa em relação aos demais. Pacientes com rupturas do terço superior de espessura total apresentaram maior taxa de lesão e instabilidade tendínea do bíceps. Análise multivariada mostrou que as rupturas tendíneas do bíceps e infraespinal não influenciaram os escores. Conclusão: Pacientes com lesão do terço superior de espessura total do tendão do subescapular apresentaram escores funcionais piores do que pacientes com tendão intacto submetidos ao reparo artroscópico posterossuperior do manguito. Pacientes com rupturas do subescapular com espessura total foram mais propensos a apresentar rupturas do bíceps, sem influenciar escores funcionais. Nível de Evidência I, Estudo clínico randomizado.

To evaluate the results of patients undergoing arthroscopic surgical treatment for snapping scapula syndrome.This is a retrospective study of 11 patients undergoing scapulothoracic arthroscopy for the treatment of snapping scapula syndrome. The study included patients with clinical diagnosis of snapping scapula syndrome who did not show pain improvement after at least six months of physical therapy. Patients were assessed using the DASH, UCLA, visual analogue pain assessment (VAS), and Short-Form 36 (SF36) scores.The mean age at surgery was 38.4 years (21-48). The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 2.8 years (range 6 months to 6 years). The mean follow-up duration was 12 months (range: 6.4-28). The mean postoperative scores were: DASH, 7.8 points; VAS, 1.5 points, being ten cases (90%) of mild pain and one case (10%) of moderate pain; UCLA, 32; and SF-36, 79.47.The arthroscopic approach for the treatment of snapping scapula syndrome presents excellent functional results.Avaliar os resultados funcionais de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico para ressalto de escápula.Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 11 pacientes submetidos a artroscopia escapulotorácica para tratamento de ressalto de escápula. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes com diagnóstico de ressalto de escápula que não apresentaram melhoria da dor com tratamento fisioterápico por no mínimo seis meses. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de Dash, UCLA, pela classificação visual analógica de dor (EVA) e peloA média de idade na cirurgia foi de 38,4 anos (21 a 48). O tempo médio de sintomas antes da cirurgia foi de 2,8 anos (variação de seis meses a seis anos). O seguimento médio foi de 12 meses (variação de 6,4 a 28). A média dos escores pós-operatórios foi de 7,8 pontos no Dash; 1,5 ponto no EVA, dez casos (90%) de dores leves e um caso (10%) de dores moderadas; 32 pontos no UCLA e 79,47 pontos no SF-36.A abordagem artroscópica para tratamento de ressalto de escápula apresenta excelentes resultados funcionais.

Objectives: To evaluate the results of patients undergoing arthroscopic surgical treatment for snapping scapula syndrome. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 11 patients undergoing scapulothoracic arthroscopy for the treatment of snapping scapula syndrome. The study included patients with clinical diagnosis of snapping scapula syndrome who did not show pain improvement after at least six months of physical therapy. Patients were assessed using the DASH, UCLA, visual analogue pain assessment (VAS), and Short-Form 36 (SF36) scores. Results: The mean age at surgery was 38.4 years (21-48). The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 2.8 years (range 6 months to 6 years). The mean follow-up duration was 12 months (range: 6.4-28). The mean postoperative scores were: DASH, 7.8 points; VAS, 1.5 points, being ten cases (90%) of mild pain and one case (10%) of moderate pain; UCLA, 32; and SF-36, 79.47. Conclusions: The arthroscopic approach for the treatment of snapping scapula syndrome presents excellent functional results. RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados funcionais de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico para ressalto de escápula.Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 11 pacientes submetidos a artroscopia escapulotorácica para tratamento de ressalto de escápula. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes com diagnóstico de ressalto de escápula que não apresentaram melhoria da dor com tratamento fisioterápico por no mínimo seis meses. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de Dash, UCLA, pela classificação visual analógica de dor (EVA) e pelo Short-Form 36 (SF36). Resultados: A média de idade na cirurgia foi de 38,4 anos (21 a 48). O tempo médio de sintomas antes da cirurgia foi de 2,8 anos (variação de seis meses a seis anos). O seguimento médio foi de 12 meses (variação de 6,4 a 28). A média dos escores pós-operatórios foi de 7,8 pontos no Dash; 1,5 ponto no EVA, dez casos (90%) de dores leves e um caso (10%) de dores moderadas; 32 pontos no UCLA e 79,47 pontos no SF-36. Conclusão: A abordagem artroscópica para tratamento de ressalto de escápula apresenta excelentes resultados funcionais.

ResumoObjetivoAvaliar os resultados clínicos dos pacientes submetidos a reparo artroscópico de lesão labral circunferencial.MétodosEstudo retrospectivo de 10 pacientes submetidos ao reparo artroscópico de lesão labral circunferencial do ombro de setembro de 2012 a setembro de 2015. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de Carter‐Rowe, pelo escore de Dash, pelo escore de Ucla, pela classificação visual analógica de dor (EVA) e pelo Short‐Form 36 (SF36). A média de idade na cirurgia foi de 29,6 anos. O seguimento médio foi de 27,44 (variação de 12‐41,3) meses.ResultadosA média dos escores foi de 16 pontos no Dash; 32 pontos no Ucla, seis (60%) resultados excelentes, três (30%) bons e um ruim (10%); 1,8 ponto na EVA, nove (90%) dores leves e um (10%) dores moderadas; SF‐36 de 79,47; e na escala de Rowe 92,5 pontos, nove (90%) resultados excelentes e um (10%) bom. Degeneração articular esteve presente em um (10%) caso, de grau 1. Não observamos complicações significativas, a não ser a artrose glenoumeral grau 1, desenvolvida no pós‐operatório de um paciente.ConclusãoO reparo artroscópico da lesão labral circunferencial do ombro com o uso de âncoras absorvíveis é eficaz, com melhoria de todos escores aplicados, e apresenta baixos índices de complicação. Os casos associados a luxação glenoumeral apresentam menor dor residual em longo prazo.AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical results among patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of circumferential labral lesions.MethodsThis was a retrospective study on 10 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair to circumferential labral lesions of the shoulder, between September 2012 and September 2015. The patients were evaluated by means of the Carter‐Rowe score, DASH score, UCLA score, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and Short‐Form 36 (SF36). The average age at surgery was 29.6 years. The mean follow‐up was 27.44 months (range: 12 ‐ 41.3).ResultsThe mean score was 16 points for DASH; 32 points for UCLA, among which six patients (60%) had excellent results, three (30%) good and one (10%) poor; 1.8 points for VAS, among which nine patients (90%) had minor pain and one (10%) moderate pain; 79.47 for SF‐36; and 92.5 for Carter‐Rowe, among which nine patients (90%) had excellent results and one (10%) good. Joint degeneration was present in one case (10%), of grade 1. We did not observe any significant complications, except for grade 1 glenohumeral arthrosis, which one patient developed after the operation.ConclusionArthroscopic repair of circumferential labral lesions of the shoulder through use of absorbable anchors is effective, with improvements in all scores applied, and it presents low complication rates. Cases associated with glenohumeral dislocation have lower long‐term residual pain.

ResumenIntroducciónNuestro objetivo es valorar la eficacia de la artroscopia en la artrodesis subtalar y analizar los factores que puedan influir en la fusión de la articulación.Material y métodosPresentamos una serie de 11 pacientes intervenidos con un seguimiento mínimo de 3 años. La causa de la artrodesis fueron 6 casos de secuelas de fractura de calcáneo, 2 inestabilidades subtalares, 2 artrosis primarias y un caso de coalición talocalcánea.ResultadosDe los pacientes con secuelas de fractura de calcáneo, en 3 se ellos se realizó la fijación con un tornillo y en los 3 restantes con 2. En los casos fijados con un tornillo no se consiguió la fusión, precisando una segunda intervención. En el grupo de pacientes sin fractura previa, la fusión se consiguió en la totalidad de los casos, independientemente del número de tornillos empleados.DiscusiónAconsejamos el uso de 2 tornillos en los casos en que la artrodesis se realice como consecuencia de una secuela de fractura de calcáneo previa.AbstractIntroductionWe want to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic technique in subtalar arthrodesis and study the factors that can influence in articular fusion.Material and methodsWe studied 11 patients with a minimum follow up of 3 years. The origin of the arthrodesis was in 6 patients a previous calcaneus fracture, 2 cases of instability, 2 primary arthrosis and 1 talocalcaneal coalition.ResultsPatients with previous fracture were operated and in 3 cases we used 1 screw for fusion and in the other 3 used 2 screws. Patients operated with 1 screw did not achieve fusion and were operated again. All patients without previous fracture operated with 1 or 2 screws achieved fusion.DiscussionWe recommend using 2 screws for arthroscopic subtalar fusion in cases of previous calcaneus fracture.