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Ensuring a more equitable distribution of vaccines worldwide is an effective strategy to control global pandemics and support economic recovery. We analyze the socioeconomic effects - defined as health gains, lockdown-easing effect, and supply-chain rebuilding benefit - of a set of idealized COVID-19 vaccine distribution scenarios. We find that an equitable vaccine distribution across the world would increase global economic benefits by 11.7% ($950 billion per year), compared to a scenario focusing on vaccinating the entire population within vaccine-producing countries first and then distributing vaccines to non-vaccine-producing countries. With limited doses among low-income countries, prioritizing the elderly who are at high risk of dying, together with the key front-line workforce who are at high risk of exposure is projected to be economically beneficial (e.g., 0.9%~3.4% annual GDP in India). Our results reveal how equitable distributions would cascade more protection of vaccines to people and ways to improve vaccine equity and accessibility globally through international collaboration. A more equitable global distribution of vaccines can benefit the world, while a multilateral benefit-sharing instrument needs to be developed to remove some of the disincentives for early equitable vaccines distribution globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pricing-decision analysis is a critical aspect of supply chain management since it directly affects manufacturers' and retailers' profits. The members of a supply chain all want to be treated properly during the pricing process, which means that they pay attention to the fairness of the profit distribution. Additionally, consumers are increasingly gravitating to green products as their awareness of green consumption grows. Thus, incorporating consumers' green preferences into a supply chain, this paper investigates pricing decisions with two competitive manufacturers under horizontal and vertical fairness concerns and seeks the optimal degrees of product greenness, prices, profits, and utilities. The game-theoretical models with and without bidirectional fairness concerns are constructed and analyzed to identify the implications on pricing, profits, and utilities of competing manufacturers' bidirectional fairness concerns and consumers' green preferences. Then, we determine the decisional differences between the two designs using comparative analysis and numerical simulation. Finally, propositions, corollaries, and policy implications are derived. The results indicate that consumers' green preferences and competition between manufacturers contribute to increasing the optimal pricing and retailer's profit while harming manufacturers' utilities and the supply chain's profits under some conditions. The findings also demonstrate that horizontal and vertical fairness concerns generate different impacts on the product's greenness degree and pricing. Still, they are detrimental to manufacturers' utilities and supply chain profit while possessing negligible effects on retailer's profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Regional conflicts have disrupted global production resources and market and had chain reactions in multiple sectors. • Low-income countries are facing challenges of production recovery and global inequality is being amplified. • A geographic-economic cascading model deepened the understanding of chain reaction changes among countries and sectors. • The findings highlighted strong and flexible supply chains can enhance the adaptability to extreme disasters. • Further studies could contribute in multi-sectoral resource management and long-term impacts of natural disasters. Regional conflicts have become prominent in triggering shocks on supply chains and cascade effects on resource management. Reliable assessments of the cascading pattern of production resources among sectors globally are missing. Here, we modeled global multisectoral production losses and the cascading pattern of a grain supply shock in the Russia–Ukraine regional conflict by utilizing a geographic input–output approach. We find that the most cascading losses emerged in the textile (17.04 % ± 0.72 %, 95 % confidence intervals) and food-processing sectors (16.85 % ± 0.5 %). The shock propagated in a "grain–processed food/livestock" direct chain and a "light manufacturing–heavy manufacturing/textile" indirect chain. Prolonged conflict and disrupted resource allocation decreased the efficiency of production recovery in low-income countries and amplified inequality of production resources. Our approach presents a quantitative framework for unexpected supply chain shocks. The findings support the case for production aid to low-income countries and circular supply chains for sustainable development. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between economic entities and environmental impacts in developing countries has been a source of concern. It uses a unique conceptual framework to create a system for collaboration between foreign and domestic e-businesses to improve the environment. A study is given on the collaborative management strategy (CMS) ideas for innovation systems, industrialization of development, and product concepts. It aims to collaborate between foreign and domestic e-businesses, the government, consumers, and suppliers. As a result of its importance to economic stability and human well-being, achieving sustainable development goals (SDG) has become one of the most important goals in the global economy. Green supply chain management is digitized and automated with a deep learning algorithm. The business industry is a significant focus for SDG implementation. Considering this, the value of small and medium-sized e-businesses has been discussed from this perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is adopted to improve the efficiency of overall supply chain. Research shows that asymmetric information might cause supply chain inefficiency. This study looks at how VMI supply chain coordination can be achieved in an asymmetric information environment. We propose a commitment penalty contract to improve the performance of a VMI supply chain where the manufacturer holds private production cost information and the retailer holds private demand information. The replenishment quantity and contract under symmetric information and bilateral asymmetric information are solved respectively. We find that the commitment penalty contract may reveal the private information of the manufacturer and the retailer can coordinate the supply chain under the asymmetric information of bilateral information. We present numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the contract and develop managerial guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04619-1.Correction to: Annals of Operations Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04619-1Author Daoping Wang's affiliation should be read as School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.Original article has been corrected.Publisher's NoteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.By Chao Zhao; Daoping Wang; Amjad Younas and Boqing ZhangReported by Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37075-x. Correction to: I Nature Communications i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37075-x, published online 21 March 2023 In the Acknowledgements section of this article, the grant number relating to the National Natural Science Foundation of China given for Dabo Guan was incorrectly given as 7224100119 and should have been 72242105. [Extracted from the article]

• There can be large carbon transfers between climate alliances of states and others. • States joining climate agreements specialize in less carbon-intensive production. • We discuss the challenges of extending agreements and potential carbon leakage. • We discuss options that could lead to incrementally deeper sustainable cooperation. • We suggest that subnational targets include embodied in the supply chain. Subnational and non-governmental actors are expected to provide important contributions to broader climate actions. A consistent and accurate quantification of their GHG emissions is an important prerequisite for the success of such efforts. However, emissions embodied in domestic and international supply chains, that can undermine the effectiveness of climate agreements, add challenges to the quantification of emissions originating from the consumption of goods and services produced elsewhere. We examine emission transfers between the states that have joined the U.S. Climate Alliance (USCA) and others. Our results show that states pledging to curb emissions consistent with the Paris Agreement were responsible for approximately 40% of total U.S. territorial GHG emissions. However, when accounting for transferred emissions through international and interstate supply chains of the products they consume, the share of Alliance states increased to 52.4% of the national total GHG emissions. The consumption-based emissions for some Alliance states, such as Massachusetts and New York, could be more than 1.5 times higher than their production-based emissions. Our detailed sectoral analysis highlights the challenges facing such agreements to extend cooperation in the future for larger joint benefit given the potential for carbon leakage from member states implementing stricter environmental policies that could lead to higher emissions from non-member states. It is critical for these arrangements to pay close attention to transferred emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]