Search

Diagnosing teachers are teachers who perceive diagnostic information about students' learning process, interpret these aspects, decide how to respond, and act based on this diagnostic decision. During supervision meetings about the undergraduate thesis supervisors make in-the-moment decisions while interacting with their students. We regarded research supervision as a teaching process for the supervisor and a learning process for the student. We tried to grasp supervisors' in-the-moment decisions and students' perceptions of supervisors' actions. Supervisor decisions and student perceptions were measured with video-stimulated recall interviews and coded using a content analysis approach. The results showed that the in-the-moment decisions our supervisors made had a strong focus on student learning. Supervisors often asked questions to empower students or to increase student understanding. These supervising strategies seemed to be adapted to students' needs, as the latter had positive perceptions when their control increased or when they received stimuli to think for themselves.

Low-stakes assessments are theorised to stimulate and support self-regulated learning. They are feedback-, not decision-oriented, and should hold little consequences to a learner based on their performance. The use of low-stakes assessment as a learning opportunity requires an environment in which continuous improvement is encouraged. This may be hindered by learners' perceptions of assessment as high-stakes. Teachers play a key role in learners' assessment perceptions. By investigating assessment perceptions through an interpersonal theory-based perspective of teacher-learner relationships, we aim to better understand the mechanisms explaining the relationship between assessment and learning within medical education. First, twenty-six purposefully selected learners, ranging from undergraduates to postgraduates in five different settings of programmatic assessment, were interviewed about their assessment task perception. Next, we conducted a focussed analysis using sensitising concepts from interpersonal theory to elucidate the influence of the teacher-learner relationship on learners' assessment perceptions. The study showed a strong relation between learners' perceptions of the teacher-learner relationship and their assessment task perception. Two important sources for the perception of teachers' agency emerged from the data: positional agency and expert agency. Together with teacher's communion level, both types of teachers' agency are important for understanding learners' assessment perceptions. High levels of teacher communion had a positive impact on the perception of assessment for learning, in particular in relations in which teachers' agency was less dominantly exercised. When teachers exercised these sources of agency dominantly, learners felt inferior to their teachers, which could hinder the learning opportunity. To utilise the learning potential of low-stakes assessment, teachers are required to stimulate learner agency in safe and trusting assessment relationships, while carefully considering the influence of their own agency on learners' assessment perceptions. Interpersonal theory offers a useful lens for understanding assessment relationships. The Interpersonal Circumplex provides opportunities for faculty development that help teachers develop positive and productive relationships with learners in which the potential of low-stakes assessments for self-regulated learning is realised.

Supervision meetings give teachers and students opportunities to interact with each other and to co-regulate students' learning processes. Co-regulation refers to the transitional process of a student who is becoming a self-regulated learner by interacting with a more capable other such as a teacher. During a task, teachers are expected to pull back their support and give opportunities to students to take responsibility. This study aims to explore the shifting patterns of co-regulation, feedback perception, and motivation during a 5-month research project. Participants were 20 students conducting research in pairs and six teachers who supervised these students. Two videotaped supervision meetings at the beginning and end of the research process and questionnaires on feedback perception and motivation were analysed. Results on co-regulation showed a constant and comparable level of regulation at the start and at the end of students' research projects. Feedback perception did not change, but motivation decreased significantly.

The relationship with students is one of the main sources of teachers' job satisfaction throughout their career. To support veteran teachers and decrease attrition rates during the late career, more insights are necessary to understand the complex relationship between veteran teachers' relationships with their students and their job satisfaction. In the current study, we have developed a typology of veteran teachers based on both student perceptions and teacher perceptions of teachers' interpersonal relationships with their students and teachers' self-reported job satisfaction. Four groups of teachers were identified: "positive over-estimators" and "positive under-estimators" refer to teachers with relatively high job satisfaction and "negative under-estimators" and "negative realists" included teachers who are relatively dissatisfied with their teaching job. Satisfied veteran teachers seem to attach importance to the quality of the teacher-student relationship, whereas unsatisfied veteran teachers also attribute their dissatisfaction to extrinsic and school-based factors such as work conditions and governmental policies. We also found differences in the extent to which veteran teachers had realistic perceptions of their relationships with students. Two types of veteran teachers, "positive under-estimators" and "negative under-estimators", underestimated their relationships with students, whereas one type of satisfied veteran teachers overestimated this relationship ("positive over-estimators"). Just one type of teachers generally showed realistic self-perceptions of their relationships with students, but these teachers were generally quite dissatisfied ("negative realists"). Implications for supporting veteran teachers are discussed.

A rubric for research theses was developed, based on the manual of the American Psychological Association, to be used as an assessment tool for teachers and students. The aim was to make students aware of what is expected, get familiar with criteria, and interpret teacher and peer feedback. In two studies, it was examined whether students use and value these functions. In the first study, a rubric was provided to 105 Educational Sciences students working on their bachelor's thesis. Questionnaire data indicated that students did value the rubric for the intended functions, although rubric use was not related to ability. In a panel interview, teachers stated that the number of proficiency levels should be increased to be able to distinguish between good and excellent students adequately, and that a criterion concerning student's role during supervision should be added. Therefore, in the second study, 11 teachers were interviewed about their motives to give high grades and about the supervision process. This lead to an extra criterion concerning student's role during supervision and an additional proficiency level to assess excellent performance. It is argued that an adequate course organisation is conditional for the rubric's effectiveness.

We studied the development of teacher-student relationships and teachers' job satisfaction throughout the careers of four veteran teachers who retained high job satisfaction. Teacher data gathered with the narrative-biographical method were compared with students' perceptions of the teacher-student relationships, using the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction. Teachers' job satisfaction appeared positively related to the self-reported quality of the teacher-student relationships. Positive retrospective teacher perceptions did not always coincide with positive student perceptions. It appeared that teachers may have positive job satisfaction despite, in the eyes of the students, a poor teacher-student relationship. (Contains 1 table and 11 figures.)

Background: The differential effectiveness of schools and teachers receives a growing interest, but few studies focused on the relevance of student ethnicity for this effectiveness and only a small number of these studies investigated teaching in terms of the teacher-student interpersonal relationship. Furthermore, the methodology employed often restricted researchers to investigating direct effects between variables across large samples of students. Aims: This study uses causal modelling to investigate associations between student background characteristics, students' perceptions of the teacher-student interpersonal relationship, and student outcomes, across and within several population subgroups in Dutch secondary multi-ethnic classes. Methods and sample: Multi-group structural equation modelling was used to investigate causal paths between variables in four ethnic groups: Dutch (N = 387), Turkish first- and second-generation immigrant students (N = 267), Moroccan first and second generation (N = 364), and Surinamese second-generation students (N = 101). Results: Different structural paths were necessary to explain associations between variables in the different (sub) groups. Different amounts of variance in student attitudes could be explained by these variables. Conclusions: The teacher-student interpersonal relationship is more important for students with a non-Dutch background than for students with a Dutch background. Results suggest that the teacher-student relationship is more important for second generation than for first-generation immigrant students. Multi-group causal model analyses can provide a better, more differentiated picture of the associations between student background variables, teacher behaviour, and student outcomes than do more traditional types of analyses.

The supervisor-doctoral student interpersonal relationship is important for the success of a PhD-project. Therefore, information about doctoral students' perceptions of their relationship with their supervisor can be useful for providing detailed feedback to supervisors aiming at improving the quality of their supervision. This paper describes the development of the questionnaire on supervisor-doctoral student interaction (QSDI). This questionnaire aims at gathering information about doctoral students' perceptions of the interpersonal style of their supervisor. The QSDI appeared to be a reliable and valid instrument. It can be used in research on the relationship between supervisor and doctoral student and can provide supervisors with feedback on their interpersonal style towards a particular student.

Research on students' perceptions of the teacher-student interpersonal relationship in multi-ethnic classes is scarce in Europe. This study compares students' perceptions in multi-ethnic classes in The Netherlands with those in mainstream Dutch classes and investigates differences in perceptions between students with various ethnic backgrounds. Perceptions were mapped in terms of 2 dimensions: influence (the degree of teacher control) and proximity (the degree of cooperation between teacher and students). Data were collected from students in 114 multi-ethnic classes in Dutch secondary education. Results showed that teachers in multi-ethnic classes were perceived higher on influence and proximity compared to teachers in mainstream classes. Moreover, Moroccan students perceived their teachers as more dominant than students from other countries. Students with a Surinamese background perceived their teachers relatively high on the proximity dimension. (Contains 1 figure, 4 tables, and 3 notes.)

This contribution explores the relation of teacher experience with features of teacher-student relationships. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were used to investigate this relation. The cross-sectional data set consisted of data on teacher-student relationships of over 6000 teachers with 1-36 years of experience. Teacher experience was compared with the amount of teacher influence and proximity in the relationship. The longitudinal data set included data on perceptions of teacher-student relationships of 343 teachers, that were collected each year during 2-20 years of these teachers' career. Growth trajectories in these relationships were estimated for the first 20 years of the teaching career using multi-level analyses. Results showed that, on average, teachers' ideal perceptions of influence and proximity were rather stable during the career. Teachers' self-perceptions and students' perceptions of proximity in the teacher-student relationship were rather stable as well. Students' and teachers' perceptions of teacher influence on average grew in the first 6 years of the teaching career. [For Chapter 5, see EJ739721.]

Previous research showed associations between students' perceptions of teacher interpersonal style and several variables. This study examined associations between the students' perceptions and judges' ratings of interpersonal aspects of videotaped teacher behavior. Survey data indicated that there were strong correlations between students' perceptions and judges' ratings of behavior during whole-class teaching, but not during individual seatwork. (Author/SM)

In some tracked educational systems, track recommendations are formulated by primary school teachers to determine the secondary school level that students will be allocated to. While teachers mostly base their track recommendations on students' prior achievement, the extent to which teachers also consider perceived student attributes, such as students' perceived work habits or parental involvement, and the extent to which these perceived student attributes are predictive for secondary school performance is unclear. Therefore, we first investigated the extent to which teachers consider their perceptions of student attributes in their track recommendations (RQ1). Differences between students from different backgrounds and differences between teachers were taken into account. Second, we examined the extent to which primary school teachers' perceptions of student attributes are predictive for their secondary school performance (RQ2). Participants were 17,953 Grade 6 students from 1105 Dutch primary school teachers (RQ1) and 4150 Grade 9 students from 1289 Dutch secondary school classes (RQ2). Data used in this research were analysed using multilevel models. Findings indicated that teacher‐perceived student attributes played only a minor role in track recommendations and secondary school performance. Yet the extent to which these attributes were considered by teachers differed based on students' background and differed between teachers. For secondary school performance, teacher‐perceived student attributes to have limited predictive value. The limited predictive value of teacher‐perceived student attributes for students' performance in secondary education suggests that teachers may need to be careful with taking perceived student attributes into account when formulating track recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:A reported problem with e-learning is sustaining students’ motivation. We propose a framework explaining to what extent an e-learning task is motivating. This framework includes students’ perceivedValueof the task,Competencein executing the task,Autonomyover how to carry out the task, andRelatedness. Methods:To test this framework, students generated items in an online environment and answered questions developed by their fellow students. Motivation was measured by analyzing engagement with the task, with an open-ended questionnaire about engagement, and with the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). Results:Students developed 59 questions and answered 1776 times on the questions. Differences between students who did or did not engage in the task are explained by the degree of self-regulation, time management, and effort regulation students report. There was a significant relationship between student engagement and achievement after controlling for previous academic achievement. Conclusions:This study proposes a way of explaining the motivational value of an e-learning task by looking at students’ perceived competence, autonomy, value of the task, and relatedness. Student-generated items are considered of high task value, and help to perceive relatedness between students. With the right instruction, students feel competent to engage in the task. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The differences of learning experiences in the workplace put challenges on the assessment: the assessment programme should be aligned with the general competency framework of the curriculum and also fit to the differences in learning contexts of the workplace. We used van der Vleuten's programmatic assessment model to develop a workplace-based assessment programme for final year clerkships. We aimed to design a programme that stimulates learning, supports assessment decision, is feasible and non-bureaucratic. The first experiences with the programme show that students think that the programme has high learning value and the assessment is sufficiently robust. Many of the commonly reported weaknesses of work-based assessment (not a good fit with the educational context, too complex, too bureaucratic and too much work) were not mentioned by the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study examines the explanatory role of students' perceived need satisfaction and need frustration in the relationship between performance grading (versus non-grading) and students' motivation and fear in a real-life educational physical education setting. Grading consisted of teacher judgments of students' performances through observations, based on pre-defined assessment criteria. Thirty-one classes with 409 students ( M age = 14.7) from twenty-seven Flemish (Belgian) secondary schools completed questionnaires measuring students' perceived motivation, fear and psychological need satisfaction and frustration, after two lessons: one with and one without performance grading. After lessons including performance grading, students reported less intrinsic motivation and identified regulation, and more external regulation, amotivation and fear. As expected, less need satisfaction accounted for (i.e., mediated) the relationship between performance grading and self-determined motivational outcomes. Need frustration explained the relationship between performance grading and intrinsic motivation, as well as less self-determined motivational outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]