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The experiment entitled "Influence of pre harvest application of Hexanal and Salicylic acid at storage temperatures on fruit quality and shelf life of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) cv. Winter Dawn" was carried out at Dr. YSRHU-College of Horticulture, Andhra Pradesh during the year 2023-24. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with three replications consisting of ten treatment combinations having two factors viz., pre harvest chemicals spray at five levels (P1: Control (Tap water), P2: Hexanal @ 2mM, P3: Hexanal @ 4mM, P4: Salicylic acid @ 2mM and P5: Salicylic acid @ 4mM and different storage temperatures at two levels (S1: 3 ℃ temperature and S2: 6 ℃ temperature). Results were significant among the treatment combinations for shelf life, fruit qualities The maximum shelf life (20.33 days), less physiological loss in weight (4.53%), TSS (8.17 °Brix), maximum ascorbic acid content (45.26mg/100g), less total anthocyanin content (56.64 mg/100g), more phenolic content (282.33 mg GE/100g) and highest antioxidant activity (63.64 % DPPH Inhibition) were recorded in fruits sprayed with 4mM Hexanal and stored at 6 °C temperature on 12th days of storage. Hence, pre harvest application of Hexanal @ 4mM followed by 6 °C storage temperature could be the best to enhance fruit quality and shelf life of strawberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry fruit production needs better and more efficient control of all agricultural inputs used in its cultivation. Otherwise, a sufficient return is difficult to obtain. As a result, some growth-regulating compounds can be used at specific periods of growth to increase yield potential. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments viz., T1= 50 mg l-1 NAA, T2= 75 mg l-1 NAA, T3=100 mg l-1 NAA, T4= 125 mg l-1 NAA, T5=50 mg l-1 GA3, T6 = 75 mg l-1 GA3, T7 = 100 mg l-1 GA3, T8 = 125 mg l-1 GA3 and T9 = No spray (Control), which were replicated thrice. Among different application of plant growth regulator, 100 mg l-1 GA3 performed significantly superior over other treatment with respect to percentage of marketable fruit (85.73%), marketable fruit yield (108.95 q/ha), total yield (117.15 q/ha), net income (10,79,717 Rs/ha) and BCR (2.42) with minimum percentage of non-marketable fruit (14.27%) and non-marketable fruit yield (8.19 q/ha), whereas highest fruit set (61.47%) was observed in 125 mg l-1 NAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress is one of the challenges that can affect the growth and the quality of strawberry. The study aims to determine the growth, biochemical changes and leaf gas exchange of three strawberry cultivars under drought stress. This study was conducted in a glasshouse at Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute, Indonesia, from July-November 2018. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications and four water deficit (WD) levels [100% field capacity (FC)/well-watered), 75% of FC (mild WD), 50% of FC (moderate WD), and 25% of FC (severe WD)] for three strawberry cultivars (Earlibrite, California and Sweet Charlie). The results showed that total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents (p = 0.05) were influenced by the interaction effects of cultivars and water deficit. Whereas other parameters such as plant growth, transpiration rate (E), net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf relative water content (LRWC), flowers and fruits numbers, proline content, length, diameter, weight and total soluble solid (TSS) of fruit were affected by water deficit. A had positive significant correlation with plant height (r = 0.808), leaf area (r = 0.777), fruit length (r = 0.906), fruit diameter (r = 0.889) and fruit weight (r = 0.891). Based on the results, cultivars affected LRWC, and also number of flowers and fruits of the strawberry. This study showed that water deficit decreased plant growth, chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange, leaf relative water content, length, diameter and weight of fruit but enhanced TSS, anthocyanin, MDA, and proline contents. Increased anthocyanin and proline contents are mechanisms for protecting plants against the effects of water stress. California strawberry had the highest numbers of flowers and fruits, and also anthocyanin content. Hence, this cultivar is recommended to be planted under drought stress conditions. Among all water stress treatments, 75% of FC had the best results to optimize water utilization on the strawberry plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberries are one of the most popular fruits in Japan and they have a high antioxidant content. In this study, the contents in strawberry receptacles were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide and entrainers. Using ethanol, acetone, and water as entrainers improved the antioxidant capacity and increased the amounts of total saccharides and cinnamic acid in the extract. In supercritical carbon dioxide + ethanol, the extract yield increased slightly with increasing pressure up to 20 MPa at 313 K whereas the extract yield was almost constant against temperature. The amounts of total saccharides and cinnamic acid increased with increasing temperature and pressure. The antioxidant capacity increased, and then decreased with increasing temperature at 20 MPa and increasing pressure at 313 K. The optimal conditions for antioxidant capacity were 313 K and 20 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to develop a cradle to farm gate life cycle inventory and assess the environmental impacts of strawberry production in four major strawberry producing states of the United States: California, Florida, North Carolina and Oregon, representing 99% of the United States strawberry production. Life cycle environmental impacts depend strongly on geographic location and production practices. Data for California and North Carolina strawberry production were collected in collaboration with agricultural economists from those states using the “LCA Extended Enterprise Budget” Excel sheet (version 4.11). Data for Florida strawberry production were collected from the state's existing enterprise budget (a detailed accounting of production costs and returns which estimates profitability of an enterprise). Data related to Oregon strawberry production were obtained through interviews with strawberry producers. OpenLCA software was used to conduct life cycle assessment for strawberry production. Missing unit processes for production of agricultural machinery, pesticides, fertilizers and materials were modeled based on existing literature. In order to better assess the sustainability of strawberry production, three metrics encompassing nitrogen productivity, phosphorous productivity and fossil energy productivity were introduced. Global warming potential for California, Florida, North Carolina and Oregon strawberry production was estimated to be 1.75, 2.50, 5.48 and 2.21 kg CO 2 -eq per 1 kg of strawberry, respectively. The difference between LCA results was due to variation in yield and management practices which depend on geographic location. Plastics, fuels and fertilizers were the inputs with the highest contribution to environmental impact categories. California strawberry production scored the highest on three sustainability metrics mainly due to having the highest strawberry yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the production period of strawberries grown in subtropical regions, postharvest durability is severely diminished due to rising temperatures which compromises the commercialization of fresh fruit. An ideal option would be to process strawberries in the form of preserves, jams, and jellies. Along this line it becomes extremely important to conduct a survey of which cultivars grown in subtropical regions are more suitable for processing in the form of jelly, as well as to understand what the consumer profile is for this product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different strawberry cultivars grown in subtropical regions of Brazil (Camarosa, Festival, San Andreas, Oso Grande, Camino Real, and Albion) on the physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of the resulting jelly in order to identify cultivars with the greatest potential for industrial use. The strawberry cultivars presented different physicochemical characteristics which resulted in jellies with different physicochemical and rheological characteristics. In this study, however, we verified that all cultivars have potential to be processed in the form of jelly due to good acceptance of all formulations prepared. In general consumers prefer a lighter-colored strawberry jelly, with a less intense red color, more acidic, and less consistent/firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emiralem located in the Gediz River basin which is having a significant agricultural potential is a county familiar with strawberry production. The fact that production style in the basis of yield associated with careless fertilizer use gave rise to soil, water and air pollution has become a threat to the environment. This study aims at describing the current circumstances on probable jeopardies toward human health and environmental pollution and examines the producer behaviors in order to increase the production potential of the region. For this purpose a survey of 67 producers covering 150 structured questions was carried out in the area. The data was analyzed via some descriptive statistical analysis techniques and particularly Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The analysis depicted that the producers were seeking both quality and quantity during the strawberry production. It is also deduced that the farmers should be trained for sensitive production applications to environment via extension services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The greenhouse areas in Iran have expanded rapidly and the greenhouse holders have shown a great tendency to cultivation of those crops that used to be cultivated in open fields. Although, greenhouses are intensive in terms of yield and whole year production, they are considered being one of the major contributors to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in the agricultural sector. In the present study strawberry cultivation in greenhouses (GH) and open fields (OF) was selected as a representative of those crops which can be grown in both systems. Initial data were randomly collected from 70 OFs and 33 GHs in province of Gilan, Iran. Energy consumption and GHG emission of two different strawberry production systems were compared. Moreover, energy use efficiency of GH producers due to more energy consumption was studied, then degrees of technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) were determined using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Additionally, the amount of energy inputs wasted in inefficient greenhouses was assessed and energy saving was computed. Furthermore, the effect of energy optimization on GHG emission was investigated and the total amount of GHG emission was calculated. The total average of energy input and output was estimated at 35,092.4MJha−1 and 10,405.9MJha−1 for OF production and, similarly, 1,356,932.8MJha−1 and 137,772.4MJha−1 for GH strawberry production. Total GHG emission was calculated as 803.4kg CO2eq ha−1 and 35083.5kg CO2eq ha−1 for OF and GH production, respectively. Based on the evaluations 20.2% (273,902.8MJha−1) of overall energy sources can be saved if the performance of inefficient farmers is enhanced. Optimizing energy in the greenhouse production can result in a significant reduction in total GHG emission and the present emission of GHG can be reduced to the value of 29309.1kg CO2eq ha−1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Functional foods are foods produced by the addition of materials with bioactive qualities obtained from wholly natural nutrients to foods that are consumed in our daily lives, and do not have any synthetic characteristics. Awareness of healthy eating, which has been steadily spreading in society, consumption of food products for their health effects, even though the cost is higher than that of normal food, and a desire to reduce health spending, is greatly increasing the interest of food production companies in functional foods. Fruits and vegetables are considered as functional foods because of their beneficial effects on human health deriving from the antioxidants and phenolic compounds which they naturally contain. Berry fruits are particularly rich in antioxidants and phenolic substances. In this present study, functional properties of strawberries are reviewed because they contain various antioxidants and phenolic substances in their structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to identify origins of inefficient used resource for greenhouse strawberry production in Tehran. A nonparametric method, data envelopment analysis (DEA), was used to study the technical efficiency of producers with regard to effective energy utilization on strawberry yield. Data for the production of strawberries were collected from 25 greenhouses by using a face-to-face questionnaire method. Both constant and variable returns to scale DEA models were used to evaluate and rank technical efficiency of greenhouses based on four energy inputs: fertilizer, human labor, diesel fuel, and electricity. Pure technical efficiency specification shows that 10 greenhouses are producing at an efficient scale. The study has also helped to segregate efficient greenhouses from inefficient ones to get insights into the performance of individual producers, to identify wasteful uses of energy, and to suggest reasonable savings in energy uses from different sources. The results reveal that, on an average, about 16% of the total input energy could be saved if the producers follow the input package recommended by the study. The results of analysis show that DEA is a pivotal tool for analyzing productive efficiency of agricultural units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the thermal and high pressure inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in strawberry puree. PPO from two strawberry cultivars (‘Festival’ and ‘Aroma’) was found to be highly thermostable in strawberry puree with no significant inactivation even after 30min treatment at 100°C. In contrast, POD from the two cultivars displayed very high thermosensitivity with complete inactivation in less than 5min at 70°C. The thermal inactivation kinetics of strawberry POD was described by a biphasic model. The activation energies for the inactivation of the stable and the labile fractions were estimated to be 254.9 and 221.6kJ/mol respectively. Combined high pressure–thermal treatment at pressures ranging from 100 to 690MPa, temperatures ranging from 24 to 90°C and treatment times between 5 and 15min did not have significant effect on PPO while substantial inactivation of POD was observed. The inactivation kinetics of POD during combined high pressure–thermal processing was well described by first-order kinetics probably due to the inactivation of the labile fraction during the pre-heating and the compression phase. Industrial relevance: The oxidative enzymes polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase cause the degradation of anthocyanins and other polyphenols in strawberry products, leading to discoloration and loss of antioxidant activity. In this work the thermal and high pressure inactivation of strawberry polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase was investigated so as to assess the suitability of high pressure processing as an alternative to thermal processing. Strawberry polyphenol oxidase was found to be highly resistant to both thermal and high pressure inactivation. Thus in order to maintain the quality of processed strawberry products, high pressure processing should be accompanied by additional measures such as exclusion of oxygen, refrigerated storage and the use of natural enzyme inhibitors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The complex structure of the package systems currently used by the strawberry industry has prevented an efficient design of the forced-air cooling process. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms through which different design parameters affect the rate and uniformity of cooling, using a previously validated computational fluid dynamics model. The results indicated that the vent area has a significant effect on the cooling rate, but not on its uniformity. A design that reduces bypassing will not necessarily increase the cooling rate, because there is less bypass air to cool down the air exiting from each clamshell, so that the air entering the next clamshell becomes warmer. Periodic airflow reversal improves the rate and homogeneity of the cooling process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]