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Historisk sett har forskning på det okulære systemet vært av stor interesse. Teknologiske nyvinninger har gitt muligheter for å kunne forstå det okulære systemet bedre, noe som har resultert i spesifikke enheter for øyemålinger, mindre inngripende instrumenter, og bruksområder basert på teknologien. Kunnskap om stimuluskontroll og variabler som kan påvirke og etablere stimuluskontroll, er særs viktig innenfor atferdsanalyse. Observeringsresponser står sentralt i vurderingen av spørsmål knyttet til stimuluskontroll. Øyebevegelser kan være en måte å måle observeringsresponser på, og utgjør en av de vanligste måtene å tilegne seg informasjon om omgivelsene. Dette kan skje for eksempel ved å rette blikket mot en stimulus før utførelsen av neste handling. For å registrere hvor en person ser kan man bruke eye-tracking som et verktøy. Det å måle hvor folk ser ved bruk av eye-tracking anvendes innen mange fagfelt, og kan være fruktbart i analysen av relasjoner mellom miljø og atferd. I denne artikkelen beskriver vi historiske hovedtrekk i utviklingen av eye-tracking, samt redegjør for de sentrale målingene ved bruken av eye-tracking. Historically, research on the ocular system has been of great interest. Technological innovations have provided opportunities to better understand the ocular system, which has resulted in specific measuring units of eye movements, less intrusive instruments, and applications based on the technology. Knowledge of stimulus control and variables that can influence and establish stimulus control are particularly important in behavioral analysis. Observing responses are central to the assessment of questions related to stimulus control. Eye movements can be a way of measuring observing responses and are one of the most common ways of acquiring information about the environment. This can be done, for example, by looking at a stimulus before responding. To register where a person sees, one can use eye-tracking as a tool. Measuring where people see using eye-tracking is used in many disciplines and can be fruitful in the analysis of relationships between the environment and behavior. In this article, we describe the main historical features in the development of eye-tracking, as well as explain the key measuring units within eye-tracking.

Master i læring i komplekse systemer One of the approaches towards understanding complex human behavior from the behavior analytic position is the stimulus equivalence paradigm. Understanding of stimulus equivalence is of great importance both in regards of conceptual and application purposes. Moreover, eye-tracking—procedures of using high technological equipment to obtain précis and accurate measuring of eye movements—is increasingly applied across of various scientific disciplines. The union of stimulus equivalence and eye-tracking could provide access and advancement in understanding of the nature of stimulus equivalence. Article 1 is a conceptual piece presenting stimulus equivalence and the field of eye- tracking. The role of stimulus equivalences within behavior analysis is discussed and the different variables in which affect the establishment of stimulus equivalence classes is presented. Eye-tracking is introduced with a focus on, its historical highlights; application areas; the technology; different eye movement measures; and behavior analytic research that have employed eye-tracking technology. Article 2 is an empirical study of stimulus equivalence in conjunction with the use of eye-tracking technology. The utilization of eye-tracking allows for the concept of observing response to be used to expand the investigation of how different training structures (i.e., linear series; many-to-one; the one-to-many) influence the establishment of stimulus equivalence class formation, which is the purpose of the study. Results with the additional measures are presented in the form of reaction time; fixation time; fixation rate; and transition rate, and discussed with respect to previous findings within stimulus equivalence research.