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Stenopelmatus hondurasito Weissman, n. sp. Honduras Small Black Jerusalem Cricket Figs 66–70, Tables 1, 2

Stenopelmatus minor Saussure Small Jerusalem Cricket Figs 84–88 1859. Stenopelmatus minor. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(11): 210. Lectotype adult male, with hooks, here selected (Fig. 84 ): (1) Cordova [Córdoba, state of Veracruz, Mexico] (2) St. minor Sss (3) 91 (4) Stenopelmatus minor Sauss (5) red paper Allotypus Stenopelmatus minor Sauss. THH. Measurements in mm (courtesy J. Hollier): Body length 19.5, hind femur length 8.0, hind femur width 2.2. Left hind tibia (Fig. 85) with 1 outer and 3 inner spines. Face Fig. 86. Deposited in MHNG Geneva along with allotopotype.Allotopotype adult female (Fig. 87) with same label data except (3) 92. Measurements in mm: Body length 15.6, hind femur length 7.8, hind femur width 2.6. Hind tibia with 3 outer and 4 inner spines (Fig. 88). Face Fig. 86. The female is in better condition because the male is missing both the middle and hind right legs, which is why Hubbell (1960) preferred that the female be designated the lectotype and attached an “ Allotypus ” label to the male. Nevertheless, when given a choice between an adult male vs adult female as lectotype, we choose the former because the presence of mature hooks will absolutely confirm adult status. Additionally, if there are distinctive characters in the articulated ringlet of 6 calcars, then those characters may be more prominent in males. Both specimens are mentioned in the original description. In any case, we declare a New status: nomen dubium, in the absence of DNA and drum. Derivation of name. We assume “minor” in reference to its small size. In fact, as Table 1 demonstrates (p. 16), there are several smaller Stenopelmatus taxa in Mexico. Discussion. We were tempted to let this name stand since it would have page priority over other small black species S. nieti and S. histrio, if all three should be synonyms. Nevertheless, the diversity of small, black Stenopelmatus, in Mexico, while unknown, easily exceeds 6 (Table 1). This situation will be unresolvable without the behavioral information of hop vs no hop, and drumming pattern. If karyotype and DNA information can be included in future systematics, then even better., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hubbell, T. H. (1960) Notes on Orthoptera in European Museums. Unpublished notes deposited at University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 28 pp."]}

Stenopelmatus guatemalae Brunner von Wattenwyl Guatemala Jerusalem Cricket Figs 55���57 1888. Stenopelmatus guatemalae. Monographie der Stenopelmatiden und Gryllacriden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K��niglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 38: 262. Original description included only one female deposit in MHNG Geneva, with body length 24 mm and hind femur length 8.5 mm. These measurements agree with Fig. 55, the only specimen so labeled in Geneva, that we now designate her as lectotype. She has the following labels: (1) 2 14, Guatemala, Mr H. d. Sauss. (2) St. scaptericus ♀. (3) 18. (4) 18 (5) Stenoplematus guatemalae Brun. (6) Syntypus printed on red paper. This specimen has 4 inner and 3 outer spines (Fig. 56) on rear leg tibia. She is probably an adult but we cannot be certain. Face (Fig. 56) without furrow. The original measurements do not agree with a smaller ��� syntype ��� (Hollier & Maehr 2012) specimen (Fig. 57) located in NHMW Vienna, with the following label data, and probably 3 or 4 molts from adult: (1) Guatemala. --Candize (?) coll. Br. v. W. (2) red label ���type��� (3) 7312 (4) Stenopelmatus guatemalae Br. W. (4) Coll Nat Mus Wien. Right rear leg tibia with 4 inner and 4 outer spines, left rear leg tibia with 3 outer and 4 inner spines. Hind femur length 7 mm, hind femur width 2.5 mm. There are not multiple primary types, as claimed on OSF; only the lectotype in Geneva, even if that specimen is not properly marked. New status: Nomen dubium Discussion. This is one of two new JCs described in 1888 from Guatemala, by Brunner von Wattenwyl. We are making both this species and his S. vicinus nomen dubium, because we know that biodiversity of JCs in Guatemala is underappreciated and these names can���t be properly assigned., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hollier, J. & Maehr, M. D. (2012) An annotated catalogue of the type material of Orthoptera (Insects) described by Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl deposited in the Museum d'histoire naturelle in Geneva. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 119, 27 - 75."]}

Stenopelmatus diezmilpies Weissman, n. sp. High Montane Jerusalem Cricket Figs 32–34, Table 2 Distribution. Only known from the type locality, a large rest stop and concession area along Highway 150D driving toward Mexico City. Recognition characters. A small, dark, high elevation JC that doesn’t jump. Although we lack DNA information when comparing it to the 4 other taxa in the Stenopelmatus clade (Fig. 10) that also don’t jump, and for which we have DNA, S. diezmilpies has distinguishing rear leg tibial spines of 4 inner and 4 outer while S. durango has 5 inner and 3 outer spines, S. faulkneri has 5 inner and 3 or 4 outer spines, S. hondurasito has 4 inner and 3 outer spines, and S. perote has 4 or 5 inner and 3 outer spines. Calling drums in 2 of these taxa are not distinguishing with single drums at ~2.9 d/s in S. diezmilpies vs 2.2 d/s in S. faulkneri; and the possibility of no drum in S. hondurasito. In contrast, S. perote has single drums delivered at 2.6 – 3.8 d/s, but is also the only Stenopelmatus with a known sex clarification drum. Stenopelmatus durango has a calling drum of trills only. Holotype. Adult male (Fig. 32), with hooks (in alcohol): Mexico, México , Highway 150D pullout at crest, km post 56.2, 19° 20’ 09.5” -98° 42’ 51”, 11-vi-1999, 10,550’, DBW & VF Lee. S 99-54, R99-16 A. Deposited CAS, CASENT type #20028. Measurements in mm: Body length 16.41, hind femur length 6.52, hind femur width 2.55. Fore leg tibia with 3 ventral spurs; middle leg tibia with 8 calcars, 2 ventral spurs; rear leg tibia (Fig. 33) with 4 outer and 4 inner spines, 2 ventral spurs. Face (Fig. 33) without furrow. Drum: This male only drummed once (Fig. 34, R 99-16A) in 3 hours of recording. His calling drum consisted of 12 single drums over 4.1s (2.9 d/s) at 21°C. Derivation of name. Named for the approximate elevation of the type locality. Habitat: Pine forest with bunch grasses and shrubs. In forest under small rock in daytime. Ground dry under rocks. Behavior: We could never get this male to hop or jump. Life cycle and seasonal occurrence. Unknown except for adult holotype. DNA. Unknown Karyotype. Unknown Discussion. We returned to type locality on 22-vi-2006 without success. Area probably too dry for JCs to be under objects although site appeared similar when we collected holotype in 1999.

Stenopelmatus cusuco Weissman, n. sp. Cusuco Jerusalem Cricket Figs 26–31, Table 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus honduras Weissman, n. sp. Honduras Large Black Jerusalem Cricket Figs 61–65, Tables 1, 2

Stenopelmatopterus junior synonym of Stenopelmatus. On the basis of our expanded DNA information (Fig. 10), we declare Stenopelmatopterus Gorochov a junior synonym of Stenopelmatus. Gorochov (1988) erected his new genus to include 3 previously described species of Stenopelmatus: S. sartorianus (type species of genus), S. sallei, and S. sumichrasti. Later in this paper, we make the following changes: (1) Both S. sallei (type a female nymph from “ Mexico ”) and S. sumichrasti (type a male nymph from “ Mexico ”) are declared nomen dubium. (2) Stenopelmatopterus sartorianus (type an adult female from the Mexican state of Chiapas) is moved back into Stenopelmatus because it is recovered in Clade 2, along with other species of Stenopelmatus from Mexico, Honduras, and Costa Rica. Plus, none of the supposedly distinguishing characteristics of Stenopelmatopterus are unique and diagnostic of that genus: (1) While no other species has fully formed wings, three species (S. piceiventris, S. chiapas, and S. sanfelipe) are micropterous (using terminology of Slater 1975). (2) Slender legs are also seen in S. cusuco, S. ater, and S. piceiventris, among others (Table 1). (3) Reversed V-shaped furrows are common among other wingless species of Stenopelmatus (see photos later in this text), and are even present in some taxa of Ammopelmatus. Additionally, in our series of S. sartorianus, most individuals do not have a complete V shaped furrow – and some adult specimens barely have lateral carinae. (4) Large eyes are widespread within the subfamily, especially in Ammopelmatus. Perhaps, most importantly, S. sartorianus is recovered with, and looks and behaves like many other JCs in Clade 2. Retaining it as a monotypic genus would only serve to obscure its affinity with the other taxa to which it is most closely related to on the basis of molecular phylogenetic analyses., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Gorochov, A. V. (1988) System and phylogeny of the recent Orthoptera of the superfamilies Hagloidea and Stenpelmatodea with a description of new taxa. Communications 2. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 67, 518 - 529. [in Russian]","Slater, J. A. (1975) On the biology and zoogeography of Australian Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with special reference to the southwest fauna. Journal Australian Entomological Society, 14, 47 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1975. tb 02002. x"]}

Stenopelmatus nuevoleon Weissman, n. sp. Nuevo Leon Small Black Jerusalem Cricket Figs 92–98, Tables 1, 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus typhlops Rehn Blind Jerusalem Cricket Figs 174–180, Tables 1, 2 1903. Stenopelmatus typhlops. Rehn, J.A.G. 1902 (Journal date 1903). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 29(1): 15. Holotype adult female (Fig. 174): (1) Mexico (2) Qacualtipan Cape or Cope. ’85 (3) Red label Stenopelmatus typhlops Rehn Type NO. 5074. Stenopelmatus nieti Sauss. Det. Hebard 1931. Measurements in mm: Body length 25.3, hind femur length 12.7. There are 3 outer and 5 inner hind tibial spines (Fig. 175). Ovipositor Fig. 175. Deposited ANSP Type No.5074. There is no Mexico locality with this name. Hebard (1932), when he synonymized S. typhlops under S. nieti, gives the spelling for the type locality as Cacualtipan in the state of Hidalgo. Currently, this locality is spelled Zacualtipan, and we found specimens near there as discussed below. New status: removed from junior synonomy of S. nieti , because on p. 59, we designated S. nieti as nomen dubium. Adult male (Figs 176, 177) from near type locality (S08-44) with following measurements, in mm: Body length 36.96, hind femur length 14.07, hind femur width 5.73. Fore leg tibia with 3 ventral spurs; middle tibia with 8 calcars, 2 ventral spurs; rear leg tibia (Fig. 178) with 5 inner and 3 outer spines, 2 ventral spurs. Face (Fig. 178) with minimum furrow. Recognition characters. Medium to large, jumping, almost all black JC whose calling drum consists of single drums delivered around 5.7 drums/second. This species is one of three, medium to large sized, almost all black described Stenopelmatus taxa. Stenopelmatus typhlops differs (Table 1, p. 16) from the medium-large sized S. ater, described from Coast Rica, by having more rear leg inner tibial spines, 8 vs 7 middle leg tibial calcars, and prominence of furrow. It differs from S. honduras, described from Honduras, by DNA, drum, and having 8 vs 7 middle leg tibial calcars. Drum: Calling drum (Fig. 179, R08-1) of only adult male recorded. This male, from near the type locality (S08- 44) spontaneously drummed twice, in 3 hours, producing 36 drums each time over 6.2 and 6.3s, at 20°C, for a rate of 5.71-5.80 drums/second. Derivation of name. “typhlops” is Greek for blind, perhaps in reference to the opaque looking, yellowish eyes of the holotype. Habitat: Oak-pine forest (S08-44). Steep logged hillsides with tall oaks still on ridgetop. Understory grazed grasses with damp soil. Both 2008 adults under boards, 2 nymphs under boards and 1 nymph inside log with passalid beetles and millipedes. 2015 adult female inside log, 1 late female in small piece of wood and 1 late female in base of cut tree stump. Behavior: Adults and juveniles readily jumped. Life cycle and seasonal occurrence. See Specimens examined below. Specimens examined: All Mexico, Hidalgo , Zacualtipan, 6500’, 11-viii-1938, H.R. Roberts, Ƌ 4 ♀ 4, 7 nymphs, ANSP. Hwy 105 6 km S. Zacualtipan, km post 103.7, 20° 39’ 49” -98° 42’ 3.5”, 2020m, 4-vi-2008, S08-44, DBW, DC Lightfoot, Ƌ 1 ♀ 1, 3 mid instar males; 18-vi-2015, S15-47, DBW, DW Weissman, ♀ 1, late instar ♀ 2. Tianguistengo, 5500’, 13-viii-1938, HR Roberts, ♀ 1, ANSP. Questionable placement: Mexico, Morelos , Lake Zempoala [now Lagunas de Zempoala National Park], above Cuernavaca, 9500’, 28-vii-1940, HR Roberts, ♀ 2. The latter 2 individuals appear narrower and without the narrow, gold band readily visible (see Fig. 176) on the posterior aspect of the abdominal tergites. On the other hand, this site is close to the type locality of S. typhlops. The measurements for these 2 females are provided in Table 1 (p. 16). DNA. Nuclear F2443 (Fig. 10) and mtDNA F2011, F2012, and F2096 (Fig. 9) all indicate S. talpa as closest relative. Karyotype: 2nƋ=25 (Fig. 180), with 7 pairs metacentric autosomes and 5 pairs rod shaped autosomes. X metacentric and largest of chromosomes., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 105-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hebard, M. (1932) New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58, 201 - 371."]}

Stenopelmatus perote Weissman, n. sp. Perote Jerusalem Cricket Figs 99–109, Tables 1, 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus mexicanus Saussure Mexican Jerusalem Cricket Figs 78���80 1859. Stenopelmatus mexicanus. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(11):210. Lectotype (probably) adult female here designated (Fig. 78): (1) Cordova [C��rdoba, state of Veracruz] (2) Stenopelmatus Burm. mexicanus Sauss. ♀ M. H. de S. 30 (3) 69 (4) green paper Stenopelmatus talpa Sauss. (5) red paper lectotypus Stenopelmatus mexicanus Sauss. THH. Lectotype deposited in MHNG Geneva. Body length 36 mm, which agrees with the unspecified sex in original description. Hind femur length 13.8 mm, hind femur width 5.3 mm. Both rear leg tibia with 3 outer and 5 inner spines (Fig. 79). Head with minor furrow (Fig. 80). C��rdoba is also the type locality for the smaller S. minor and S. nieti, both which are clearly different from S. mexicanus. Nearby Orizaba (some 19-air km due west) is the type locality for winged S. politus and Mt. Orizaba (40 km northwest) is the type locality for S. toltecus. Because we are unsure what the adult male of this species looks like and how it drums, we designate this species nomen dubium. Further collecting around C��rdoba could help resolve this situation. Derivation of name. Named for the country from where it was described., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus sanfelipe Weissman, n. sp. San Felipe Jerusalem Cricket Figs 132–142, Tables 1, 2

Stenopelmatus toltecus (Saussure) Figs 171���173 1861. Anostostoma tolteca. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(13):130. 1906. Stenopelmatus toltecus. Kirby, W.F. A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae) 2:113. Lectotype probably adult female here selected (Fig. 171): (1) Mexiq (2) tolteca, tete par devant grossie (3) green paper 40 (4) green paper Stenopelmat. talpa Sauss (5) red paper Lectotypus Anostostoma toltecus Sauss. THH. Measurements in mm: Body length 23.6, hind femur length 8.0, hind femur width 2.4. Both rear leg tibia (Fig. 173) with 3 inner spines; right rear tibia with 3 outer and left with 2 outer spines. Ovipositor Fig. 172. Head without furrows (Fig. 173). Deposited MHNG Geneva. New status: nomen dubium. Hollier & Heads (2015) discuss 2 other specimens in the original type series. One individual with locality label ���Sta Cruz, Myoapan, pr��s Orizaba, region des pine��� is of little help because she is a juvenile, according to Hubbell (1960), and contra Hollier & Heads (2015). The third paratype, without any locality data, is also a juvenile female, according to Hubbell (1960), and likewise unhelpful. Derivation of name. Saussure named many Mexican animal species ���tolteca��� or ���toltecus���. Wikipedia notes that the Toltec culture is an archaeological Mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico, in the early post-classic period of Mesoamerican chronology (ca. 900���1168 CE); https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Toltec; accessed 12 November 2020)., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hollier, J. & Heads, S. W. (2015) An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Henri de Saussure, with an account of the primary type material housed in the Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, Part 6: The Rhaphidophoroidea, Stenopelmatoidea and Tettigoniodea. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122, 307 - 323.","Hubbell, T. H. (1960) Notes on Orthoptera in European Museums. Unpublished notes deposited at University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 28 pp."]}

Viscainopelmatus junior synonym of Ammopelmatus. On the basis of our analyses of DNA sequence data (Vandergast et al. 2017), we declare Viscainopelmatus Tinkham a junior synonym of Ammopelmatus. Tinkham (1970) described the morphologically unique V. davewerneri from desert sands about half the distance down the Baja California Peninsula. Given its characteristic behavior and karyotype, and its recovery within the Ammopelmatus Clade, we treat it as an unusually adapted species of Ammopelmatus whose relationships with other species of Ammopelmatus would be obscured if retained as a monotypic genus. Also, keeping Viscainopelmatus as a monotypic genus would make Ammopelmatus paraphyletic, which is another reason for this synonymy. Correlated with this last action, Ammopelmatus will now contain all described taxa from the United States since the type species, A. kelsoensis, is recovered within the Ammopelmatus Clade and is the first genus name available for the rest of those species in that Clade. Besides forming 2 cohesive and distinct genetic clades, there are a number of morphological, ecological, karyotypic, and behavioral characters that also justify separating Stenopelmatus from Ammopelmatus. No one character is diagnostic, except for those species in Stenopelmatus that jump or hop, but a constellation of characters does exist, associated with each genus, which we now discuss., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Vandergast, A. G., Weissman, D. B., Wood, D. A., Rentz, D. C. F., Bazelet, C. S. & Ueshima, N. (2017) Tackling an intractable problem: Can greater taxon sampling help resolve relationships within the Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera)? Zootaxa, 4291 (1), 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4291.1.1","Tinkham, E. R. (1970) Studies in Nearctic desert sand dune Orthoptera. Part XII. A remarkable new genus and species of stenopelmatine crickets from the Viscaino Desert, Baja California, Mexico, with key. Great Basin Naturalist, 30, 173 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5893"]}

Stenopelmatus ater Saussure & Pictet Costa Rican Black Jerusalem Cricket Figs. 13–18, Tables 1, 2 1897 Stenopelmatus ater, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Orthoptera, 1:291. Apparently 2 adult males in type series, one in NHMUK and other in MHNG Geneva. Lectotype adult male (Fig. 13, with hooks) here selected: (1) red label Holotype (2) R.(iver) Susio (Google Earth notes Sucio River, Heredia Province) Costa Rica, H. Rogers (3) Brit. Mus. 1899-235. (4) green label Stenopelmatus ater Pict Sas. This is the male figured in plate 14, Figs 8 and 9, in original description. In the lectotype, rear leg tibia (Fig. 15) with 3 inner and 3 outer spines. Measurements in mm: Body length 40, hind femur length 15.4, hind femur width 4.4. Face with furrow. The syntype male (Fig. 14) in MHNG Geneva has similar labels: (1) green label Stenopelmat. ater Pict Ss (2) R. Susio Costa Rica, H. Rogers (3) red label Holotypus Stenopelmatus ater Pict. & Sauss. Hollier (2011) discussed this male, with labels clearly printed for Godman and Salvin for Biologia, according to J. Hollier (pers. comm. to DBW, December, 2019). Face with furrow (Fig. 18). Adult female (Fig. 16) from Monteverde, Costa Rica, with rear leg tibia (Fig. 17) with 3 inner and 2 outer spines. Ovipositor Fig. 17. Face (Fig. 18) with furrow. Distribution. Costa Rica with similar looking material seen from Honduras, but nothing known from inter-positioned Nicaragua. In the absence of drum and DNA information, we presently restrict the range of S. ater to Costa Rica. Recognition characters and drum. Medium to large, almost completely black, wingless, hopping species with variable face furrows (less pronounced in females and smaller specimens). Can be separated from other named, black, medium sized, hopping S. typhlops, from Mexico, by hind tibia with 3 inner spines in S. ater and usually 5 (sometimes 4) in S. typhlops and furrows common in S. ater but rare in S. typhlops. Morphologically similar to a 3 rd black, medium-large sized JC, S. honduras (see p. 46) but Nicaragua in between with no known JCs from there, which clearly reflects a lack of collecting. Plus, ovipositor in S. ater extends well past end of abdomen (compare Fig. 17 with Fig. 63, p. 48) in all adult females that we have seen when compared with S. honduras. Fore leg tibia usually with 3 (rarely 2) ventral spurs, middle leg tibia with 7 calcars, hind tibia with 2 ventral spurs. Drum. Unknown. Derivation of name. “ater” is Latin for black. Habitat. Usually in and occasionally under rotten logs in cloud forests (Monteverde) with passalid and other beetle larvae. Inside of log usually rotten enough to be easily broken apart with hand pick with JCs usually closest to side nearest to substrate, with all individuals at least 3 cm deep. Behavior. Juveniles and adults jump well. One adult female (S00-21) stridulated. None to oatmeal trails at night at Monteverde, on several occasions, in areas where had collected individuals during daytime. Variation. See Table 1. Some specimens with only 2 outer hind leg tibial spines. Specimens examined. Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, Monteverde, 10° 18’ 01” -84° 47’ 47”, 4956’, 16-vi- 1995 (S95-48), 10-vi-1996 (S96-71), 13-vii-2001 (S00-21): From INBio: Alaju Province, R. San Lorencito, 5 km N de Colonia Palmarena, 900m, 13-18-vi-1993, I. Curso. Cartago Province, Tapanti, 1150 m, i-1992. Puntarenas Province., Est. La Casona, 1520 m, iv-1991, v-1993; Monteverde, 1500 m, 17-20, ii, 1992. From ANSP: Pacayas, S.E. slopes of Volcan de Irazú, 6000-6250’, 6-ix-1923, Rehn & Lankester. Pejivalle, 4-viii- 1927, 600m, M. Valerio. DNA. F2173 (mtDNA only) is recovered closest to Stenopelmatus chiapas (F2172, Fig. 9). Karyotype. Unknown. Discussion. Eat wax worms. Microsympatric with less common S. sartorianus at Monteverde., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 23-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hollier, J. (2011) An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Alphonse Pictet (alone, and with Henri de Saussure) with an account of the primary type material present in the Museum d'histoire naturelle in Geneva. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 118, 345 - 400."]}

Stenopelmatus faulkneri Weissman, n. sp. Faulkner’s Jerusalem Cricket Figs 48–54, Tables 1, 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus hondurasito Weissman, n. sp. Honduras Small Black Jerusalem Cricket Figs 66–70, Tables 1, 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus sallei Saussure Sall�����s Jerusalem Cricket Figs 122���125 1859. Stenopelmatus sallei. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(11): 210. 1988. Stenopelmatopterus sallei Gorochov. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 67(4): 521. Lectotype subadult (penultimate or earlier instar?) female here designated (Fig. 122): (1) green Stenopelmatus Sallei Sauss. (2) green 74 (3) red label paratypoid Stenopelmatus sallei Sauss (4) This adult female will be the new lectotype, D.B. Weissman, 5/1999. The species name label in the insect box has the locality ��� Mexique ��� handwritten in the lower left corner (Hollier & Heads 2015). Deposited in MHNG Geneva. Measurements in mm: Body length 23.6, hind femur length 11.5, hind femur width 3.9. Both hind leg tibia with 3 outer and 4 inner spines (Fig. 123). Only slight indication of a furrow (Fig. 124). Bilateral subadult wing pads visible in Figs 124 and 125. John Hollier confirms (pers. comm to DBW February 11, 2020) presence of small hind wings hidden under these fore wing pads. Ovipositor as in Fig. 125. There is an apparent syntype mid instar female, also in Geneva, and labeled as followed: (1) Stenopelmatus sallei Sss (2) green Stenopelmatus sallei Sauss. (3) 75 (4) red label lectotypus Stenopelmatus sallei Sauss. TH Hubbell. This female with 4 inner and 4 (one small) outer spines on her only hind leg, and with a more definitive furrow than ���74���. Hubbell (1960) recommended that specimen ���75��� be designated the lectotype because even though he thought that ���74��� was an adult, which she is not, ���75��� was in better condition and has 4 plus 4 spines, which agrees with the original description. Hollier & Heads (2015) discussed ���75��� as a male specimen labeled lectotype by Hubbell, but doubted that it is a syntype because only an unspecified number of females were mentioned in the original description. But ���75��� is a female, and from the number, is contemporaneous (Hubbell 1960) with ���74���, so both should be considered syntypes. Additionally, Saussure & Pictet (1897) clearly illustrate ���74��� in Biologia Centrali-Americana. As discussed on p. 20, we transfer S. sallei back into Stenopelmatus . We also change the status of S. sallei to nomen dubium (see further discussion under S. sartorianus, p. 91). Derivation of name. Auguste Sall�� (1820-1896) was a French entomologist who made expeditions to the southern United States, Mexico (sensu lato), the West Indies and Venezuela as a young man. He then set up as an insect dealer in Paris and sold specimens to a huge range of naturalists (including Saussure and for the Biologia Centrali-Americana of Godman and Salvin). His personal collection is in the NMHN Paris (information thanks to J. Hollier). Discussion. The lectotype of S. sallei demonstrates how difficult it has been to determine, using the ovipositor, when a female Stenopelmatus is adult. For instance, Saussure and Saussure & Pictet thought they had an adult when they first described (1859) and then, subsequently (1897), illustrated this species. Hebard (1932) and Strohecker (1945) both correctly realized the subadult status of the syntype series. Hubbell (1960) thought the lectotype was an adult female. Weissman labeled the lectotype, in May, 1999, as an adult. Finally, employing methodology discussed under S. sartorianus (p. 91), and based on the presence of a hind wing pad under the top fore wing pad, it is clear that the lectotype is a mid-late instar which would have long and fully developed tegmina and hind wings once adult. This condition contrasts with the 3 JC taxa (S. chiapas, S. piceiventris, and S. sanfelipe) that only have micropterous fore wings as adults and never have a hind wing underneath., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hollier, J. & Heads, S. W. (2015) An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Henri de Saussure, with an account of the primary type material housed in the Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, Part 6: The Rhaphidophoroidea, Stenopelmatoidea and Tettigoniodea. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122, 307 - 323.","Hubbell, T. H. (1960) Notes on Orthoptera in European Museums. Unpublished notes deposited at University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 28 pp.","Saussure, H. de & Pictet, A. (1897) Locustidae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Orthoptera, 1, 285 - 457.","Hebard, M. (1932) New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58, 201 - 371.","Strohecker, H. F. (1945) Notes on and descriptions of Mexican Orthoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 38, 207 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 38.2.207"]}

Stenopelmatus lycosoides Walker Wolf Jerusalem Cricket Figs 76���77 1869 Stenopelmatus lycosoides. Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum 1:193. The holotype (Fig. 76) is a juvenile male, perhaps last or penultimate instar. (1) red label Holotype. (2) Mexico, 43.13 (3) Stenopelmatus lycosoides Walker. Measurements in mm: Body length 25, hind femur length 11.0, hind femur width 3.45. Rear leg tibia (Fig. 77) with 5 inner and 3 outer spines. Deposited NHMUK. New status: Nomen dubium. Derivation of name. ���lyco��� is Greek for wolf. ���oides��� is Greek for like, resembling. Lycosoides was a genus of Mediterranean funnel weaver spiders described by Lucas in 1846. Discussion. Given the fact that the holotype is not an adult and with a locality of ��� Mexico ���, this is an easy decision in the face of high Jerusalem cricket species��� diversity in Mexico. In fact, given the lack of development of the rear leg tibial spines, we are not sure if this specimen belongs in Stenopelmatus or Ammopelmatus., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus mineraldelmonte Weissman, n. sp. Mineral del Monte Jerusalem Cricket Figs 81–83, Tables 1, 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus lessonae Griffini Lessona���s Jerusalem Cricket Figs 71���75 1893. Stenopelmatus lessonae. Bollettino Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universit�� di Torino 8(154): 3. Type series apparently included both multiple males and females, as ranges given for measurements in original publication. Lectotype male here designated (Fig. 71): ��� Stenopelmatus lessonae Griff. tipo �� Messico.��� Lectotype and allotype female (see below) both in Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino. Measurements in mm: Body length 20.7, hind femur length 8.1, hind femur width 3.2. Lectotype adult male solid black, 5 inner and 4 outer (one spine very small) spines (Fig. 72) on both rear legs. After relaxation, presence of adult hooks confirmed pressed against body. Both lateral sides of furrow visible (Fig. 73) without a dorsal connection between them. New status: Nomen dubium, given the absence of a specific locality, notable physical feature, and drum, all in the presence of several small, all black JCs in Mexico. Allotype adult female here designated with same label data as lectotype except including ���..same but tipo ♀ ��� Her head is reddish brown with dark brown sutures. Pronotum dark brown, legs dark reddish brown. Abdomen unstripped (Fig. 74) with 5 inner and 3 outer rear leg tibial spines (Fig. 75). Measurements in mm: Body length 24.1, hind femur length 8.4, hind femur width 3.3. Face (Fig. 73) as in male. Derivation of name. Michele Lessona (1823-1894) was a fellow Italian zoologist who specialized in amphibians. Apparently named in his honor by Griffini., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus ecuadorensis Weissman, n. sp. Ecuador Jerusalem Cricket Figs 41–44, Table 1, 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus calcaratus Griffini The Moveable Spine Jerusalem Cricket Figs 19���21 1893. Stenopelmatus calcaratus Griffini. Bollettino Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universit�� di Torino 8 (154): 2. Deposited MRSNT, Torino. Holotype female (Fig. 19), probably last instar based on ventral ovipositor valves (Fig. 20) not tightly grouped as normally seen in adults and ovipositor edges not sclerotized. Plus, the perspective seen in Figs 20 & 21 do not show the valves properly positioned as one should see in an adult (compare with specimen from MNHN discussed below). Type locality ��� Messico (Mexico)��� (Fig. 20). Hind tibia with 5 inner and 3 outer spines. Measurements in mm: Body length 28, hind femur length 12, hind femur width 4. New status: nomen dubium, given its almost certain non-adult status, its non-specific locality, and its lack of any notable physical features, all in the face of extensive Jerusalem cricket biodiversity in Mexico. Derivation of name. ���calcaratus��� means with a moveable spur (= calcar) or spinelike process, which all Jerusalem crickets have on all 6 legs, including S. lessonae, which Griffini described in the same paper as when he described S. calcaratus. So, we have no idea why this name was chosen by Griffini. Discussion. Interestingly, there are photos of a supposed female of S. calcaratus (#2202) on the MNHN website, from Mexico: https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/eo/item/ensif2735 which clearly show what appears to be an adult ovipositor. One other effort could be undertaken to determine stage of maturity of the holotype: dissect the abdomen and see if mature eggs are present, which would indicate its adult maturation, but still not help with its identity., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus chiapas Weissman, n. sp. Breedlove’s Jerusalem Cricket Figs 22–25

Stenopelmatus perote Weissman, n. sp. Perote Jerusalem Cricket Figs 99–109, Tables 1, 2

Stenopelmatus erythromelas Walker Red-Black Jerusalem Cricket Figs. 45���47 1869. Stenopelmatus erythromelas. Lectotype adult female (Fig. 45) here chosen. Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the collection of the British Museum 1:193. (1) Red label holotype. (2) One of Walkers series so named erythromelas. (3) Stenopelmatus erythromelas Walker. From Mexico. Although label says one of Walkers series, according to Hubbell (1960) this is the only specimen now in the collection at NHMUK, and original description only lists one female ���14 lines��� (one line equals 1/12 of an inch, so 14 lines equals about 33 mm) in body length. Plus, Judith Marshall confirms (pers. comm. DBW 1/2020) that label #2 was placed before Walker���s types were properly checked for status, and that NHMUK prefers to leave such erroneous labels even after confirmation of uniqueness. Measurements in mm: Body length 30, hind femur length 14.1, hind femur width 5.0. The rear leg tibial spines (Fig. 46) and ovipositor (Fig. 46), indicate that this specimen probably belongs in Stenopelmatus. Face (Fig. 47) with furrow. New status: Nomen dubium, given the absence of more specific locality data and any distinguishing physical features. Derivation of name. ���erythros��� is Greek for red; ���melas��� is black according to Judith Marshall, apparently in reference to the reddish (orange) head, pronotum, and legs contrasting with the black abdomen, the latter the probable result of discoloration upon drying. Discussion. The original description says ���There are traces of wings.��� As this is an adult female, such wings, or pads, should be readily visible, and they are not. Judith Marshall, who examined this specimen in 1998, wrote that one might erroneously think the trochantin is a small wing pad. Additionally, Hubbell (1960) made no note of seeing any wing pads and we also didn���t see any pads when we examined the type in 1998., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hubbell, T. H. (1960) Notes on Orthoptera in European Museums. Unpublished notes deposited at University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 28 pp."]}

Stenopelmatus piceiventris Walker Oaxaca Jerusalem Cricket Figs 110–119, Tables 1, 2 1869. Stenopelmatus piceiventris. Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum 1:197. Holotype adult female in NHMUK (Figs 110, 111): (1) red label Holotype. (2) Stenopelmatus piceiventris Walker. No locality on labels or in original description. Holotype measurements in mm: Body length 42, hind femur length 14.5, hind femur width 4.9. Hind tibia with 3 outer and 4 inner spines (Fig. 112). This morphologically unique species was immediately recognized from an adult male (Figs 113, 114), with hooks and similar micropterous fore wings, collected by Matthew Van Dam, in 2004, in the mountains northeast of Oaxaca, Mexico, along Highway 175, at 2 km S La Esparanza. Measurements of that adult male, in mm: Body length 40.15, hind femur length 18.06, hind femur width 5.81. Fore tibia with 3 ventral spurs; middle leg tibia with 8 calcars, 2 ventral spurs; hind leg tibia with 4 outer and 4 inner spines, 2 ventral spurs. Face with only lateral carinae of furrow (Fig. 115). There are no hind wings under the fore wings, which appear “folded” along the inner margin. If care is not taken while checking for a hind wing, this fore wing can be easily split along the fold line which then gives the false impression of a hind wing (Fig. 115). Subsequent careful inspection of many early instars and adults all confirm the absence of a hind wing at any stage. There is also an area of short hairs under these fore wings (Fig. 116) in both sexes. Of notable significance, the smallest instars, around 12 mm in length and over 1+ years, and many molts from adult, have visible wing pads. Adult fore wings more oval in shape as opposed to teardrop shape of earlier instars (see Fig. 118 below). Type locality here designated: Mexico, Oaxaca , Sierra de Juárez Mountains NE Oaxaca along Highway 175. Distribution. Only known from the Sierra de Juárez Mountains NE Oaxaca along Highway 175. Recognition characters. One of only 3 Stenopelmatus taxa with micropterous fore wings as adults: the smaller, similar looking S. sanfelipe, which has 2-3 outer rear leg tibial spines versus 3-4 seen in S. piceiventris; and the smaller Mexican state of Chiapas endemic S. chiapas, whose fore wing is narrower than that of S. piceiventris (see Fig. 22, p. 28). Additionally, 6 of 8 adult S. sanfelipe have no indication of a furrow while 7 of 7 adult S. piceiventris have definite furrow lateral carinae. Drum. Despite over 30 hours of recording attempts, no drumming heard or recorded. Could this JC, at the base of the tree (Fig. 10) and with the highest chromosome number in the subfamily, be the most primitive species of New World JC, with drumming being a derived character in those species that diverged later? Derivation of name. “picei”, from piceus, could refer to dark coloration and “ventris” could refer to stomach or ventral part of specimen, which in this case, would be the dark, discolored ventral abdomen. Habitat. Oak-pine semi-cloud forest with fairly dense vegetation, deep leaf litter, moist soil, and some light gaps where trees cut down. Individuals (Fig. 117) under logs, under bark on stumps, in pine stumps, under rocks. In some situations, illegal logging appears to create “habitat” and facilitates finding specimens, as also seen for S. talpa (S08-39) near Zimapan and S. sartorianus at Metlac Canyon (S06-39). The question then becomes: where are these individuals hiding during the daytime when there are no dead trees on the ground? Behavior. Individuals of all instars, and adults, hop. Life cycle and seasonal occurrence. See under “Specimens examined” Variation. See Table 1. Specimens examined. Mexico, Oaxaca , Sierra de Juarez, Highway 175 from Oaxaca to Tuxtepec, 2 km S La Esparanza, 17° 37’ 24.1” -96° 21’ 57.6”, 5400’, 31-v-2004, MV Dam, Ƌ 1, to black light. Hwy 175 between km 128-130, 14-vi-2015. 17° 26’ 40.74” -96° 30’ 48.36”, 9530’, DBW, DW Weissman, S 15-30, highway repaved and old chunks of blacktop discarded along roadsides – JCs under these chunks, ♀ 1, late instar ♀ 1, mid-instars Ƌ6, ♀ 3, early nymphs #2. Hwy 175, km post 129.2, 17° 26.626’ -96° 30.748’. 9648’ 19-vi-2006, DBW, DC Lightfoot, S 06-36; Ƌ1, ♀ 1, late instar ♀ 4, mid instar Ƌ2; 7 individuals under logs at log-soil interface, 2 under bark on tops of logs. 66 km SW Valle National (= 4 km SW Cerro Pelón, 2700 m, 22 & 23-vii-1990, (S90-54, 56), VF Lee; Llano de las Flores, 2-3-iv-1959, 2870m, TE Moore, UMMZ; 3 km S Llano de las Flores, 2800 m, 23- vii-1990, S90-57, VF Lee. Probable placement. Oaxaca, Cerro Iguana, almost 95 km due south of Oaxaca at 16° 14’ 47” -97° 01’ 52”, 7504’ 4-viii-2007, MV Dam collected 1 early instar and 2 late instars (Fig. 118), but no adults of what resembles S. piceiventris in both size and color. Comparing DNA (Fig. 10. p. 15, F2180) between these 2 late instars with individual F1775 from the type locality of S. piceiventris, reveals that they are each other’s nearest relatives, and may be conspecific. DNA. Nuclear F1775, and mtDNA F1774 & F1775, both from type locality; and nuclear F2180, and mtDNA F2180 & F2181, both from Cerro Iguana, show this taxon lying (Figs 9, 10) at the base of the Stenopelmatus clade. Karyotype. T15-29, T16-1, T16-2 (all S15-30), 2nƋ = 27, highest known number for subfamily confirmed in 3 individuals, of which we present (Fig. 119) the two best preparations. Its location at the base of the JC DNA tree appears to indicate that 2nƋ = 27 is the primitive karyotype number for the Stenopelmatinae and that lower numbers, from 19 to 25, in other species of New World JCs, are all derived. Discussion. There are extensive small bumps and short hairs under the fore wings (Fig. 116), whose function is unknown. They cannot be used for femoral-abdominal stridulation because the wings cover the hairs. Plus, we never heard stridulation from any of our many collected specimens. Could the hairs be there to hold the pads in place while individuals move inside logs? But then what is the function of the wings? Fontana et al. (2017), in their Orthoptera of Oaxaca, only list the JC S. minor as occurring in Oaxaca, even though their photo appears to be the physically different colored S. talpa., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 69-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Fontana, P., Buzzetti, F. M., Marino-Perez, R., Castellanos-Vargas, I., Monge-Rodriguez, S. & Cano-Santana, Z. (2017) Orthopterans of Oaxaca. Photographic field guide. WBA Handbooks 8. WBA, Verona, 212 pp."]}

Stenopelmatus mineraldelmonte Weissman, n. sp. Mineral del Monte Jerusalem Cricket Figs 81–83, Tables 1, 2

Stenopelmatus honduras Weissman, n. sp. Honduras Large Black Jerusalem Cricket Figs 61–65, Tables 1, 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus sartorianus Saussure Winged Jerusalem Cricket Figs 143–157, Table 1, 2 1859. Stenopelmatus sartorianus. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(11): 211. 1932. Stenopelmatus sumichrasti. Hebard, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 58(3): 343 1945. Stenopelmatus sartorianus. Strohecker, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 38(2): 207 1988. Stenopelmatopterus sartorianus Gorochov, Zoologicheskii zhurnal 67(4): 521 Distribution. The most widespread species of Stenopelmatus, known from Veracruz state, Mexico, south into Panama. Recognition characters. Stenopelmatus sartorianus is the only species of New World Jerusalem cricket whose adults have fully developed front and hind wings. In all 15 adults examined, hind wings longer (Fig. 144) than tegmina in situ. Three other species, S. chiapas, S. piceiventris, and S. sanfelipe all have micropterous fore wings as adults, and, at least in the case of the first two, in apparently all early instars. There are no concealed, hind wings, in any instar, under the tegmina of these 3 latter taxa. The dense area of short hairs (see, for example, Fig. 134, p. 82), as seen under the wings of S. chiapas, S. piceiventris and S. sanfelipe, is missing in S. sartorianus. Holotype. Adult female (Fig. 145, with fully formed front and hind wings, right side spread). (1) Anostostoma sartorii Sauss ♀ Tuxtla [Gutierrez, state of Chiapas, Mexico], M. H. S. (2) green label Stenopelmatus sartorianus Sauss. (3) green label 71 (4) red label Holotypus Stenopelmatus sartorianus Saussure. Measurement in mm: Body length 35.9, including ovipositor, hind femur length 14, hind femur width 5.1, tegmina 17.8 and almost reaching tip of abdomen. Left hind leg tibia (Fig. 146) with 4 inner and 4 outer spines. Face with apparent furrow although distorted by damage (Fig. 147). Ovipositor upturned (Fig. 153). Deposited MHNG Geneva. New status: transferred back to Stenopelmatus. Drum. Both sexes from Mexico, Veracruz state, Metlac Canyon (S06-39) drummed similarly. Adult male (R06- 12) had one series (Fig. 148) recorded at 20.5°C, in 2:40 of recording time: 26 fast drums over 1.9s (13.7 d/s) followed by 15 slow drums over 5.8s (2.6 d/s). Adult female (R06-13) had one series (Fig. 149), similar to male R06-12, recorded at 23°C, in 4:15 hours: 39 fast drums over 2.8s (13.9 d/s) followed by 14 slow drums over 4.7s (3.0 d/s). Derivation of name. “sartor” is Latin for tailor, patcher, maybe in reference to the holotype’s long wings and being “well dressed?” Habitat. Riparian forest (Fig. 150) along the Rio Metlac (S06-39). Cloud forests at Monteverde, Costa Rica. Behavior. All instars and adults jumped well (see Discussion below). Heard one mid instar female from Monteverde, Costa Rica (S00-21) femoral-abdominal stridulate. During mating trials (see Discussion below), an adult female femoral-abdominal stridulated while the male tremulated. All instars fed well on wax worm larvae. Is this species an obligate predator? At Metlac Canyon, we put out a nighttime 16 kg long oatmeal trail, especially in the area where we collected the 4 late instars during the daytime. While the oatmeal attracted many other Orthoptera, such as Anabropsis, Glaphyrosoma, Anurogryllus, and Gryllus , no JCs were attracted, including no specimens of a second, sympatric, medium-large, jumping black JC that was also in a log during the daytime and that we discuss on p. 117. Variation. Table 1. Adult female Monteverde (S00-21) with 8 left rear leg inner tibial spines (Fig. 152). This same female had the normal 4 inner rear leg tibial spines on her right side. This left rear tibia was almost 3.5 mm shorter than the right side and indicates, we believe, physical damage of some kind during an earlier instar, with subsequent regeneration (discussed in Weissman 2001a) during succeeding molts. Specimens examined. Costa Rica: Puntarenas , Monteverde, 10° 18’ 01” -84° 47’ 47”, 16-vi-1995 (S95-48) ♀ 2, CAS; 26-vi-1996 (S96-71) Ƌ2, CAS; 14-vii-2000 (S00-21) ♀ 1, CAS. Lo. Palma, P Biolley, no date, 1 adult female. Cangrejal de Asseri, 800m, iv-1906, P. Biolley, 1 last instar female. Guatemala: Huehuetenango Paraiso Municipio La Libertad (~ 5 km E. Hojas Blancas) 1650-1850m (forest, under logs) 29-vi-1966. LC Stuart, 3 late (last?) females with minimal lateral carinae on furrows, UMMZ. Las Mercedes, 3000 ft., Champion, Brit. Mus. 1899-235, BMNH. Other Guatemala nymphs in BMNH from Capetillo and El Tumbador. Mexico: Veracruz , Cualcuapan, between Orizaba & Cordoba, 3800’, 11-vii-1938, E.H. Taylor, adult ♀ 3, adult Ƌ1, ANSP; same data, 18- vii-1938, E.H. Taylor, adult Ƌ1, ANSP. Metlac Canyon, 18° 54’ 30.78” -97° 00’ 44”, 3200’, 20-vi-2006 (S06-39), Ƌ1, ♀ 3, all late instars, DBW, DC Lightfoot, CAS (See Ball & Whitehead (1967) for more information on Metlac Canyon). Portrero Viejo, 13-viii-1941, Mrs. Forbes + E.H. Taylor, adult Ƌ1, ANSP; Chiapas, 8.0 m SE Las Casas (San Cristobal), 11-iv-1941, I. Cantrall, adult ♀ 1 (very small: body length 22.9, hind femur length 8.03, hind femur width 2.53. furrow only with distinct lateral carinae- not connected at top), UMMZ. Two additional Mexico records are cited in Gorochov & Cadena-Castañeda (2016). DNA. Nuclear F0073 (S95-48, Monteverde, Costa Rica) and F1796 (S06-39, Metlac Canyon, Mexico) both recovered together (Fig. 10), and well nested, within Stenopelmatus. The same 2 individuals, along with F1769, also from Metlac Canyon, all recovered together (Fig. 9) for mtDNA. To have left this species in Stenopelmatopterus would have resulted in Stenopelmatus being paraphyletic. Karyotype. Unknown. Discussion. Systematics. Saussure (1859) described 3 Mexican taxa, in one publication, that apparently represent the same species: S. sallei on p. 210, S. sumichastri also on p. 210, and S. sartorianus on p. 211. Elsewhere in this paper, we designate the names of S. sallei (p. 76, a juvenile female) and S. sumichrasti (p. 95, a juvenile male) as nomen dubium because both types are subadults without precise locality data, and such action is consistent with our attempts to modernize the prior taxonomy of this genus. While S. sallei has line priority if we chose to retain that ambiguous name, the type of S. sartorianus is an undisputed adult female with a good type locality, so we follow the suggested action of Strohecker (1945) and retain only that name. Junior synonym S. politus was described from an adult female by Walker, in 1869, from Orizaba, which, like Metlac Canyon (S06-39), is also in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Thus, from Metlac Canyon individuals, we have drums in both sexes, DNA, a small series of adults, mating observations, and habitat information which will now form the basis for further taxonomic decisions and the possibility of new species descriptions in this most widely distributed taxon in Stenopelmatus. Past taxonomy in this species “complex” has been complicated by the surprising difficulty of discerning when females (and males in the case of S. sumichrasti) are adult and for choosing females as holotypes. For instance, in 1859, Saussure illustrated a supposed adult female of S. sallei, an error repeated in 1897, by Saussure & Pictet. Hebard (1932) and Strohecker (1945) both recognized that this female of S. sallei was an immature that would have fully developed hind wings as an adult. When Hubbell (1960) examined this same female of S. sallei, he thought it an adult. In 1988 Gorochov erected his new genus Stenopelmatopterus to include 3 winged species: S. sallei, S. sumichrasti, and S. sartorianus. When DBW examined the holotype of S. sallei in 1999, he also thought that she was an adult female, based on her ovipositor (see Fig. 125, p. 78), and placed an appropriate label. Fortunately, after examination of a good series of S. sartorianus, of many different instars in the collections of ANSP, UMMZ, NHMUK, and MHNG Geneva, we can finally clarify this situation. First, one must distinguish between the 3 taxa (S. piceiventris, S. sanfelipe, and S. chiapas) with micropterous fore wings (and no hind wing) versus subadult specimens of S. sartorianus that have pad-like tegmina (Figs. 124 & 125) in earlier instars, but which also have hind wing pads under those pad-like tegmina (confirmed for S. sallei, see p. 76). Second, once S. sartorianus reaches penultimate and last instar, then these hind wing pads are clearly visible (Fig. 154) without the need to lift the tegmina. Flight attempts of winged adults. Winged adult male (S06-39). Observations made at 14 and 44 days after molt to adult, to ensure not teneral. Made under red and incandescent light. Male moved extremely fast, antennae always in motion, perhaps a wasp mimic? He was able to jump almost 45 cm laterally, without using wings. DBW threw him into air several times and although he clearly spread both his tegmina and hind wings, and maybe fluttered them a little, he still fell straight down onto padded surface. But outstretched wings might have slowed the rate of his descent. Blowing onto his face had no effect nor did he raise his wings when provoked. If he was up in a tree (postulated by Weissman & Lightfoot [2007] and confirmed by Gutiérrez-Rodríguez & Riverón [2018]), jumping would be a good escape mechanism. Winged adult female (S06-39): Jumped readily when disturbed or reached edge of desk. Could see her “cock” her rear legs and then spring. On flat surface, jumps exceeded 15 cm. When jumped off edge of desk, she extended wings as “parachutes” but still fell straight down. No flapping seen. Similar behavior if thrown into air. Another time, jumped from 30 cm above surface and landed a good 30 cm away. We conclude that while neither sex can fly, their wings could slow descent if they jump from a high elevation to escape a predator. Wings apparently not used to startle a predator. In any case, there must be a good reason to have such wings when residing deep inside logs during the daytime. We also never saw any fanning during courtship (see below) as might occur should the adults be releasing pheromones. Mating trials. Virgin adults, both individuals having molted to adult shortly after capture, from Metlac Canyon (S06-39), Veracruz, were enclosed together on 19-vii-2006, initially under incandescent light. While the basic mating details are the same as discussed and documented, for Ammopelmatus sp., in Weissman (2001b), Weissman et al. (2008), and filmed in 4K video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHbwC-AIyTE), there are similarities and differences worth noting because this is the first time we have documented mating in Stenopelmatus. Four minutes after being placed together (Fig. 155), the male approached the female and touched her antennae with his antennae. One minute later, the female tremulated (moved her abdomen up and down without striking the substrate) and moved closer to the male. We then switched from incandescent to red light. At 29 minutes, the female tremulated and performed audible abdominal-femoral stridulation. The male tremulated but no stridulation was heard. At 33 minutes, the male quickly got into a “bite-back” position, biting the female’s left rear leg tibia (Fig. 155), curling his abdomen toward the female’s genitalia while extruding his internal genitalia (Fig. 156), until he could anchor his hooks and quickly pass a spermatophore (Fig. 156). Note absence of any obvious, clear spermatophylax, which is normally easily visible in a mating involving a virgin male Ammopelmatus (see Fig. 1j in Weissman et al. 2008). They stayed adjacent (Fig. 157) for 2 minutes and then separated. Yet within 30 seconds, the male was again “onto” the female, a situation never seen in some 90 matings involving various species of Ammopelmatus. Over the next 10 minutes, this male repeatedly showed interest in the female by approaching her, rolling onto his side, biting her, and trying to physically get her to engage with him. She showed no interest, kicking him off several times. Such a refractory period is typically seen in just-mated female Ammopelmatus. At 11 minutes post coitus, the male ceased his sexual aggressiveness. Around that time, the female curled her abdomen 3 times, in 5 minutes, as if trying to get to the spermatophore. She never succeeded and the sticky spermatophore quickly accumulated a layer of substrate sand (Fig. 157). Four months later, this now once mated male was enclosed with a second virgin adult female from S06-39. While there was no consummation, the male made 2 novel motions not seen in his previous mating or in any previous Stenopelmatinae pairing: (1) a silent, oscillating back and forth motion, along his long body axis, and (2) a rapid “shivering” motion that was faster than (1) and with less total body movement than (1). Whether these unique body movements are widespread in this species is unknown given our small sample size. We also don’t know if such motions are ancient, or recently derived, within this group, although we subsequently saw oscillations, as described in (1) above, in S. perote (p. 69). Weissman et al. (2008) noted how “the [bite-back] positions assumed during copulation are so characteristic and unique [in the Stenopelmatinae] that they may be used, perhaps for the first time, to delimit an entire subfamily of insects.” It will be interesting to see if members of the other two extant Jerusalem cricket subfamilies use such a bite-back mechanism., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 86-94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Weissman, D. B. (2001 a) North and Central America Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae): taxonomy, distribution, life cycle, ecology, and related biology of the American species. In Field, L. H. (Ed.), The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies. CAB International, New York, pp. 57 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851994086.0057","Gorochov, A. V. & Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2016) New and little known Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera) from America. Zoosystematica Rossica, 25, 98 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2016.25.1.98","Saussure, H. de (1859) Orthoptera nova America. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2 (11), 201 - 212.","Strohecker, H. F. (1945) Notes on and descriptions of Mexican Orthoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 38, 207 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 38.2.207","Hebard, M. (1932) New species and records of Mexican Orthoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58, 201 - 371.","Hubbell, T. H. (1960) Notes on Orthoptera in European Museums. Unpublished notes deposited at University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 28 pp.","Weissman, D. B. & Lightfoot, D. C. (2007) Techniques for the field capture and captive rearing of North American Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatinae). Sonoran Arthropod Studies Institute 2007 Invertebrates in Captivity Conference, 2007, pp. 22 - 29.","Gutierrez-Rodriguez, J. & Riveron, A. Z. (2018) Los cara de nino (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatidae, Stenopelmatinae): insectos inofensivos pero con muy mala reputacion. Boletin de la Asociacion Mexicana de Sistematica de Artropodos, 2, 5 - 6.","Weissman, D. B. (2001 b) Communication and reproductive behaviour in North American Jerusalem crickets (Stenopelmatus) (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). In: Field, L. H. (Ed.), The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets, and Their Allies. CAB International, New York, pp. 351 - 373. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851994086.0351","Weissman, D. B., Judge, K. A., Williams, S. C., Whitman, D. W. & Lee, V. F. (2008) Small-male mating advantage in a species of Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatinae: Stenopelmatus). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 17, 321 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 1082 - 6467 - 17.2.321"]}

Stenopelmatus diezmilpies Weissman, n. sp. High Montane Jerusalem Cricket Figs 32–34, Table 2 Distribution. Only known from the type locality, a large rest stop and concession area along Highway 150D driving toward Mexico City. Recognition characters. A small, dark, high elevation JC that doesn’t jump. Although we lack DNA information when comparing it to the 4 other taxa in the Stenopelmatus clade (Fig. 10) that also don’t jump, and for which we have DNA, S. diezmilpies has distinguishing rear leg tibial spines of 4 inner and 4 outer while S. durango has 5 inner and 3 outer spines, S. faulkneri has 5 inner and 3 or 4 outer spines, S. hondurasito has 4 inner and 3 outer spines, and S. perote has 4 or 5 inner and 3 outer spines. Calling drums in 2 of these taxa are not distinguishing with single drums at ~2.9 d/s in S. diezmilpies vs 2.2 d/s in S. faulkneri; and the possibility of no drum in S. hondurasito. In contrast, S. perote has single drums delivered at 2.6 – 3.8 d/s, but is also the only Stenopelmatus with a known sex clarification drum. Stenopelmatus durango has a calling drum of trills only. Holotype. Adult male (Fig. 32), with hooks (in alcohol): Mexico, México , Highway 150D pullout at crest, km post 56.2, 19° 20’ 09.5” -98° 42’ 51”, 11-vi-1999, 10,550’, DBW & VF Lee. S 99-54, R99-16 A. Deposited CAS, CASENT type #20028. Measurements in mm: Body length 16.41, hind femur length 6.52, hind femur width 2.55. Fore leg tibia with 3 ventral spurs; middle leg tibia with 8 calcars, 2 ventral spurs; rear leg tibia (Fig. 33) with 4 outer and 4 inner spines, 2 ventral spurs. Face (Fig. 33) without furrow. Drum: This male only drummed once (Fig. 34, R 99-16A) in 3 hours of recording. His calling drum consisted of 12 single drums over 4.1s (2.9 d/s) at 21°C. Derivation of name. Named for the approximate elevation of the type locality. Habitat: Pine forest with bunch grasses and shrubs. In forest under small rock in daytime. Ground dry under rocks. Behavior: We could never get this male to hop or jump. Life cycle and seasonal occurrence. Unknown except for adult holotype. DNA. Unknown Karyotype. Unknown Discussion. We returned to type locality on 22-vi-2006 without success. Area probably too dry for JCs to be under objects although site appeared similar when we collected holotype in 1999., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 32-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus faulkneri Weissman, n. sp. Faulkner’s Jerusalem Cricket Figs 48–54, Tables 1, 2

Stenopelmatus histrio Saussure Acting Jerusalem Cricket Figs 58���60 1859. Stenopelmatus histrio. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(11):210. Lectotype male (Fig. 58) here selected (specimen is a last instar as outline of adult hooks can be seen through integument): (1) Mexique Orizaba envir Sumichrast. (2) green label Stenopelmatus histrio Sauss. (3) red label, placed by T.H. Hubbell, Holotypus Stenopelmatus histrio Sauss. THH. Lectotype in Geneva (Hollier & Heads 2015). Measurements in mm: Body length 21.4, hind femur length 8.4, generally black with femur and tibial markings similar to those seen in S. chiapas. Hind tibia (Fig. 59) with 3 outer and 4 inner spines. Face Fig. 60. It is unclear from original description as to how many specimens were in the type series, but there was at least one female since Saussure discussed the vagina. New status: Nomen dubium, for several reasons: the lectotype is a last instar without drum, jumping, or DNA information; and 5 other species have been described from Orizaba, and its proximity, including the winged S. politus and a small black paratype of S. toltecus from Mt. Orizaba. From nearby C��rdoba were described the larger S. mexicanus, the small black S. minor, and the small black S. nieti. Stenopelmatus minor would have line precedence over both S. histrio and S. nieti if all three were synonymous. Derivation of name. ���histrio��� is Latin for actor., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hollier, J. & Heads, S. W. (2015) An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Henri de Saussure, with an account of the primary type material housed in the Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, Part 6: The Rhaphidophoroidea, Stenopelmatoidea and Tettigoniodea. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122, 307 - 323."]}

Stenopelmatus vicinus Brunner von Wattenwyl Neighboring Jerusalem Cricket Figs 181, 182 1888. Stenopelmatus vicinus. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K��niglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 38: 262. Holotype male (Fig. 181) last or penultimate instar. Labels (1) 3 28 Guatemala, M. H. de. Sauss (2) green paper 97 (Hubbell [1960]) or 16 (Hollier & Maehr [2012]) (3) Stenopelmat. vicinus, Br (4) green paper Stenopelmatus vicinus Brun. (5) red label Holotypus Stenopelmatus vicinus Br. v. W. THH. Deposited MHNG Geneva. Measurements in mm: Body length 27.7, hind femur length 12.8, hind femur width 4.2. Hind tibia (Fig. 182) with 3 inner and 3 outer spines. No furrow present on face. New status: nomen dubium. Hubbell (1960) thought this specimen was the unique male discussed, but not pictured, in the original description, and the measurements given by Brunner v. Wattenwyl agree with those we obtained. Hollier & Maehr (2012) thought the ��� holotype label [placed by Hubbell] is unjustified.��� In either situation, this uncertainty is more supporting evidence for making this name nomen dubium, since, if Hollier & Maehr (2012) are correct, the holotype may be missing. Derivation of name. ���vicinus��� is Latin for near, neighboring., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hubbell, T. H. (1960) Notes on Orthoptera in European Museums. Unpublished notes deposited at University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 28 pp.","Hollier, J. & Maehr, M. D. (2012) An annotated catalogue of the type material of Orthoptera (Insects) described by Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl deposited in the Museum d'histoire naturelle in Geneva. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 119, 27 - 75."]}

Stenopelmatus durango Weissman, n. sp. Black Durango Jerusalem Cricket Figs 35–40, Tables 1, 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus saltillo Weissman, n. sp. Saltillo Jerusalem Cricket Figs 126–131, Table 2

Stenopelmatus chiapas Weissman, n. sp. Breedlove���s Jerusalem Cricket Figs 22���25, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus saltillo Weissman, n. sp. Saltillo Jerusalem Cricket Figs 126–131, Table 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033

Stenopelmatus ecuadorensis Weissman, n. sp. Ecuador Jerusalem Cricket Figs 41–44, Table 1, 2

Stenopelmatus nuevoleon Weissman, n. sp. Nuevo Leon Small Black Jerusalem Cricket Figs 92–98, Tables 1, 2

Stenopelmatus nieti Saussure Grandson Jerusalem Cricket Figs 89���91 1859. Stenopelmatus nieti. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(11): 210. Lectotype adult male (with hooks) here designated (Fig. 89): (1) Stenopelmatus nieti Sss. Cordova [C��rdoba, state of Veracruz, Mexico] (2) green label Stenopelmatus nieti Sauss (3) Mexiq. (4) red label Holotypus Stenopelmatus nieti Sauss (5) Unspecified series; treat as syntype. Hollier 2013. Measurements in mm: Body length 25.2, hind femur length 10.9, hind femur width 4.3. The original description appears to only mention one male with a body length of 25 mm, which corresponds with this specimen. That description also mentions 4 outer and 5 inner spines while this specimen (Fig. 90) has 4 outer and 4 inner spines. Face Fig. 91. New status: nomen dubium, based on confusion between the original description and the actual specimen in addition to lack of drumming, hop vs no hop, and DNA information. Hollier & Heads (2015) mention that the type series includes an unspecified number of males, but since Saussure gives only one body length, and not a range, we believe that only one male was before him. Derivation of name. ���nieti��� is Spanish for grandson., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hollier, A. & Hollier, J. (2013) A re-evaluation of the nineteenth-century naturalist Henri de Saussure. Archives of Natural History, 40.2, 302 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.3366 / anh. 2013.0177","Hollier, J. & Heads, S. W. (2015) An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Henri de Saussure, with an account of the primary type material housed in the Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, Part 6: The Rhaphidophoroidea, Stenopelmatoidea and Tettigoniodea. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122, 307 - 323."]}

Stenopelmatus zimapan Weissman, n. sp. Zimapán Small Black Jerusalem Cricket Figs 183–191, Tables 1, 2

Stenopelmatus sumichrasti Saussure Sumichrast���s Jerusalem Cricket Figs 158���160 1859. Stenopelmatus sumichrasti. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(11): 210 1988. Stenopelmatopterus sumichrasti Gorochov. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 67(4): 522. Lectotype mid to late instar male (Fig. 158) here selected: (1) Stenopelmatus sumichrasti SS N. 72. (2) green label Stenopelmatus sumichrasti Sauss (3) red label Gryllus 1 Holotypus Stenopelmatus sumichrasti Sauss. THH. Mexico. Specimen deposited in MHNG Geneva. Measurements in mm: Body length 19.0, hind femur length 11.3, hind femur width 4.1. Original description notes body length as 25 mm and hind femur length as 12 mm. Subsequently (Saussure & Pictet 1897), body length was corrected to 20 mm. Rear leg tibia (Fig. 159) with 4 inner and 5 outer spines. Face with minimum, if any furrow (Fig. 159), except perhaps on lateral borders. Wing pads visible (Fig. 160). Here we transfer this species back to Stenopelmatus . We also change its status to nomen dubium (see further discussion under S. sartorianus, p. 91). Hollier & Heads (2015) discussed 2 additional, smaller, male specimens in MHNG Geneva, both from ���Vera Cruz [Mexico], t. c.��� (tierra caliente, according to Hubbell 1960). Hollier (pers. comm. to DBW, January, 2020) notes that both of these smaller Veracruz males also have wing pads and small printed labels that were used by Saussure for specimens he collected on his expeditions, and that they are probably syntypes. Origin of name. Adrian Luis Jean Fran��ois Sumichrast (1828-1882), French naturalist and natural history dealer. Sumichrast accompanied Henri de Saussure on his explorations of the Antilles and Mexico from 1854 to 1856. He later settled in Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Mexico. More can be read about Henri de Saussure in Hollier & Hollier (2013)., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 95-97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Saussure, H. de & Pictet, A. (1897) Locustidae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Orthoptera, 1, 285 - 457.","Hollier, J. & Heads, S. W. (2015) An annotated list of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Henri de Saussure, with an account of the primary type material housed in the Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, Part 6: The Rhaphidophoroidea, Stenopelmatoidea and Tettigoniodea. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122, 307 - 323.","Hubbell, T. H. (1960) Notes on Orthoptera in European Museums. Unpublished notes deposited at University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 28 pp.","Hollier, A. & Hollier, J. (2013) A re-evaluation of the nineteenth-century naturalist Henri de Saussure. Archives of Natural History, 40.2, 302 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.3366 / anh. 2013.0177"]}

Stenopelmatus politus Walker Polished Jerusalem Cricket Figs 120, 121 1869. Stenopelmatus politus. Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum 1:193. Holotype adult female (Fig. 120) with labels ���(1) red label Holotype (2) Stenopelmatus politus Walker. No locality label but on printed label from Walker���s Catalogue, under it in box, ���a. Orizaba.��� [state of Veracruz, Mexico] (Hubbell 1960). Deposited in NHMUK. Measurements in mm: Body length 36, hind femur length 14.8, hind femur width 4.0. Hind leg tibia (Fig. 121) with 5 outer and 4 inner spines. Furrow present on face. 1906. Stenopelmatus sartorianus, as junior synonym. Kirby, A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae) 2:113. 1988. Stenopelmatopterus sartorianus, as junior synonym. Gorochov, Zoologicheskii zhurnal. 67(4): 521. New status: transferred back to Stenopelmatus but still junior synonym of S. sartorianus. Derivation of name. ���politus��� is Latin for polished or smoothed, perhaps in reference to how the holotype looks shiny and polished, especially the tegmina., Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on pages 75-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033, {"references":["Hubbell, T. H. (1960) Notes on Orthoptera in European Museums. Unpublished notes deposited at University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 28 pp."]}

Stenopelmatus sanfelipe Weissman, n. sp. San Felipe Jerusalem Cricket Figs 132–142, Tables 1, 2, Published as part of Weissman, David B., Vandergast, Amy G., Song, Hojun, Shin, Seunggwan, Mckenna, Duane D. & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 4917 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4472033