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Social media and YouTube, in particular, has become an avenue for quick dissemination of information. Patients now search the YouTube website for information on diseases, treatment options, surgery, and general health information. This paper reviews the different reliability methods, results, conclusions and recommendations of contributions on the medical videos on YouTube. A keyword search was done on different databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar to generate articles related to the subject matter. No eligibility criteria were defined because the research is partly systematic. Descriptive statistics were used to present the information obtained from the analysis of the previously published papers in this context. The results are as follows: (i). DISCERN, JAMAS and GQS are the most frequent assessment tools used by authors in the determination of the reliability of medical videos on YouTube. (ii). 60% of the independent reviewers that assessed the reliability of the YouTube videos are often two in number. (iii). 65% of the articles concluded that medical videos on YouTube contain misleading information. (iv). User engagements for low and high-quality videos are 58% and 42% respectively. (v). 36.3 % of the total videos were uploaded by trusted sources such as medical and health professionals from recognized or prestigious hospitals, while 63.7% were uploaded by other sources whose affiliations cannot be independently verified. (vi). Out of the total 2675 medical videos assessed, 1589 (59%) are categorized as having useful contents that can influence positively on patient education while 1086 (41%) are categorized as misleading and (vii). Only 35% of the papers strongly recommended that medical videos on YouTube are useful and can be a good source of patient education. Awareness is needed to educate patients on the benefits and dangers of assessing medical videos on YouTube. Videos uploaded by authentic medical personnel or organizations are strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pupil-teacher ratio (PTR) is one of the key measurements of quality education. This article presents the pupil-teacher ratio for 133 public primary schools in a local government area (LGA) of Ogun State, Nigeria. The data were obtained from a complete enumeration of the records of each school. It was discovered that the average PTR obtained from the data analysis is higher than the national average. Using PTR equals 35 as a benchmark of Nigeria, only 25 (19%) schools out of the 133 schools considered have an acceptable PTR (below 35), 52 (39%) schools have a moderate PTR (between 35 and 50) and 56 (42%) schools have unacceptable and high PTR (above 50). This article shows that there is high pupil-teacher ratio in the country's public primary schools. This research will be helpful in the following; educational evaluation and assessment, audit and quality assurance, decision makers in the Ministry of Education in gap analysis for recruitment purposes, assessing the level of implementation of policies on education and monitoring of the progress made in attaining development sustainable goals (SDG) as it relates to access to quality education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]