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To understand the utility of genotypes in the breeding program in mid-hill environments of the north-western Himalayas of India, apple cultivars were studied during 2019 and 2020 to discover inter-relationships of variables as well as to study genetic variation across yield attribution traits. For fruit set, fruit drop and fruit volume, high heritability and moderate genetic gain was observed. Substantial correlation between fruit yield per plant and pruning weight, tree volume, tree spread and TSS was observed. However, the increments in tree height and trunk girth were strongly and adversely linked with fruit yield per plant. Thus the traits tree spread, tree volume and flowering length may be used as selection indicators for increased production with high-quality apple cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Correlation and Path Analysis in Indian Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea (L.)) Germplasm" explores the correlation and path analysis among grain yield and its attributing characters in Indian barnyard millet. The study found that grain yield per plant had positive significant correlations with traits such as basal tillers, 1000 seed weight, panicle weight per plant, and peduncle length at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. These traits are predominantly controlled by additive gene action, suggesting that selection for these traits can lead to improved grain yield. The article provides valuable insights for researchers interested in improving the grain yield of barnyard millet. The given text appears to be a table showing the phenotypic and genotypic path coefficients for various traits in barnyard millet germplasm accession. The table includes coefficients for traits such as days to 50% flowering, basal tillers, days to maturity, peduncle length, flag leaf blade length, flag leaf blade width, plant height, panicle length, 1000 seed weight, panicle weight, harvest index, lower raceme length, grain yield per plant, phosphorus content, calcium content, iron content, zinc content, and protein percentage. The coefficients indicate the strength and direction of the relationship between these traits. This document presents a correlation matrix and path analysis for various traits studied in barnyard millet germplasm. The matrix shows [Extracted from the article]

Back ground: Pulses are an important source of protein in the human diet and black gram is a popular pulse crop in India. The black gram breeding program faces various drawbacks due to narrow genetic diversity accompanied by biotic and abiotic diseases which seriously affect the yield potential of the crop. Hence it is important to understand the gene action and to frame the efficient breeding program in black gram for yield improvement. Methods: The present experiment was conducted during 2018-2019. Sixty-nine F2 plants of the cross ADT3 ? KKB14-052 were raised and nine biometrical traits were recorded. Genetic variability and association analysis were carried out. Result: High PCV and GCV were obtained for the traits viz., number of primary branches/plant, number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant and single plant yield. High heritability and high GAM were obtained for the traits viz., plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant, hundred seed weight, pod length and single plant yield. All the characters under the study were significantly positive correlation with yield except days to 50% flowering. Number of pods/plant showed a high positive, direct effect on single plant yield. Hence, these characters would be mainly focused in black gram breeding programs for yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College, Aswaraopet, Bhadradri Kothagudem district, Telangana, India during July to December 2021 by using thirty elite rice genotypes comprising of different durations i.e. short, medium and long to study the nature of relationship between grain yield and morpho-physiological traits by partitioning the correlation co-efficients between grain yield and morpho-physiological traits into direct and indirect effects. Observations were recorded on seven yield, six physiological and three root characters. The correlation studies revealed that, grain yield plant-1 had shown a significant positive association with yield contributing traits like 1000 grain weight, spikelet fertility, specific leaf area and root biomass, indicating the importance of these traits in yield improvement. Among all other yield attributing characters, spikelet fertility showed the highest significant positive correlation with yield whereas days to 50% flowering and number of productive tillers plant-1 exhibited non-significant positive association with grain yield plant-1. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the highest positive direct effect on grain yield was exhibited by spikelet fertility and 1000 grain weight. A high magnitude of negative direct effects on yield was shown by field emergence at 14 DAS. Thus, from the studies on correlation and path analysis, it could be concluded that the traits viz., spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight, specific leaf area and root biomass could be used as selection parameters for improving grain yield under dry DSR system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research work for studying genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as well as correlation and path coefficient analysis for 13 traits with sixty seven genotypes of upland cotton was carried out during winter 2017 at Cotton Research Station, Srivilliputtur, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India. The variability studies indicated that the high estimate of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for seed cotton yield per plant. High phenotypic coefficient of variation and moderate genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for the number of monopodia per plant. High heritability observed for the number of monopodia per plant, the number of bolls per plant, seed index, lint index, ginning percentage, 2.5% span length, uniformity ratio, bundle strength, fibre fineness and seed cotton yield per plant. The number of monopodia per plant, the number of bolls per plant, bundle strength, fibre fineness and seed cotton yield per plant shows high heritability coupled with high genetic advance over mean indicating the preponderance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. The correlation study revealed that plant height, the number of monopodia per plant, the number of sympodia per plant and the number of bolls per plant had a significant positive association with seed cotton yield per plant. Path analysis indicated that the number of bolls per plant and seed index have maximum positive direct effect on seed cotton yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]