19 results on '"starter kulture"'
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2. Improving the conjugated linoleic acid content and the sensorial characteristics of Argentinean semi-hard goat cheeses by adding cultures of native lactic acid bacteria.
- Author
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Taboada, Natalia, Nieuwenhove, Carina Van, Medina, Roxana, and Alzogaray, Soledad López
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- *
CONJUGATED linoleic acid , *GOAT cheese , *LACTIC acid bacteria , *LINOLEIC acid , *FATTY acids , *SENSORY perception - Abstract
In this study the physicochemical, microbiological, and fatty acid compositions together with the specific esterase activities of semi-hard goat cheeses made from native strains as starter and adjunct cultures were evaluated and compared against those of manufactured using commercial culture cheeses. The physicochemical composition was similar among cheeses, while the lactic acid bacteria were the predominant microbiota in all samples. The highest specific esterase activities were detected in cheeses with native strains. The fatty acid profile was significantly affected by native strains during the ripening time (60 days) since the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) level increased from 0.60 to 1.03 g 100 g-1 of fatty acids, whereas cheeses with commercial starter showed a CLA content of about 0.60 g of fatty acids. In cheeses with native strains, it was detected the highest desirable fatty acids, μ9-desaturase and CLA desaturase indexes and the lowest atherogenicity index. The native strains inoculated as starter and adjunct cultures, grew conveniently in the cheese, developed their full potential as reflected by the profile of the metabolites released during ripening and in the global sensory perception of cheeses, and contributed thus to the development of a healthier food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Specific properties of Enterococcus faecium strains from the microbiome of fermented foods
- Author
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Jakopić, Ana and Novak, Jasna
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safety ,Enterococcus faecium, starter kulture, mikrobiota hrane, sigurnost primjene, biofilm ,Enterococcus faecium ,starter cultures ,food microbiome ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Biotehnologija ,starter kulture ,mikrobiota hrane ,sigurnost primjene ,biofilm ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Biotechnology - Abstract
Mikrobiota fermentirane hrane, kao značajni dio bakterijske populacije, sadrži bakterije mliječne kiseline (BMK) iz roda Enterococcus koji se istražuju kao starter kulture. Prilikom selekcije funkcionalnih starter kultura iz roda Enterococcus izazov je razlikovati komensalne od oportunističkih sojeva. Upravo, cilj ovog rada je procijeniti sigurnost primjene Enteroccocus faecium sojeva za daljnja istraživanja primjene kao funkcionalnih starter kultura. Ustanovljeno je da analizirani E. faecium sojevi ne sintetiziraju enzim želatinazu i citolizin, te je ispitano svojstvo E. faecium sojeva da formiraju biofilm na abiotičkoj površini. Sposobnost formiranja biofilma na polistiren se razlikuje s obzirom na soj i ovisi o koncentraciji dostupnih nutrijenata. Analizirani E. faecium sojevi se mogu prirediti kao osušeni aktivni pripravci budući da su pokazali visok stupanj preživljavanja sušenja liofilizacijom. Sojevi E. faecium A7 i ZG 3-16 sadrže gen za enterocin A. E. faecium ZG 5-20 i ZG 7-10 sadrže i gen za enterocin B koji ima sinergističko djelovanje s enterocinom A, što proširuje spektar antimikrobnog djelovanja i potencijal primjene kao biokonzervansa. Iz rezultata proizlazi da se analizirani E. faecium sojevi mogu odabrati za daljnja istraživanja primijene kao funkcionalne starter kulture. The microbiome of fermented foods is characterised by the high abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the Enterococcus genus. During the screening of the Enterococcus as functional starter cultures, the challenge is to distinguish commensal from opportunistic strains. The aim of this work is to assess the safety of the use of Enterococcus strains from food microbiome for further research on their use as functional starter cultures. The analyzed strains of Enterococcus faecium do not synthesize gelatinase and cytolysin. The ability of E. faecium strains to form biofilm was also determined. The ability to form a biofilm varied depending on the tested strain and available nutrients. E. faecium strains can be prepared as freeze-dried preparations since they survived the lyophilisation at high bacterial counts. E. faecium A7 and ZG 3-16 strains contain the gene for enterocin A. E. faecium ZG 5-20 and ZG 7-10, in addition to entA also contains also entB which has a synergistic effect with enetrocin A which expands the spectrum of antimicrobial action and their importance as bioconservans. The obtained results suggest that the analysed E. faecium strains can be selected for further research on their application as functional starter cultures.
- Published
- 2022
4. Indigenous strains of Lactobacillus isolated from the Istrian cheese as potential starter cultures.
- Author
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Hulak, Nataša, Maksimović, Ana Žgomba, Kaić, Ana, Skelin, Andrea, and Fuka, Mirna Mrkonjić
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- *
BACTERIAL starter cultures , *CHEESEMAKING , *LACTOBACILLUS , *CHEESE texture , *ANTI-infective agents , *STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus , *COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
Istrian ewe’s milk cheese is an autochthonous product that is manufactured for generations on small family farms in the Croatian peninsula Istria. Traditional Istrian cheese is made from unpasteurized ewe’s milk, without the addition of starter cultures. Consequently, the specific flavour and texture of the Istrian cheese is owed to metabolic processes of indigenous microflora of which Lactobacillus species play pivotal role. Characterisation and selection of indigenous lactobacilli may result in the potential use of selected strains as starter, bioprotective or even probiotic cultures. This study focuses on potential use of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei isolated from traditional Istrian cheese as starter cultures, by using methods that determine their proteolytic, lipolytic, antimicrobial and haemolytic potential, as well as their ability of acidification, autoaggregation and survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Our results indicated that from 12 representative strains most revealed a low or moderate proteolytic activity as well as absence of lipolytic and haemolytic activities. From 12 strains, 5 of them showed a medium to strong acidification ability and lowered the pH of milk below 5.00 after 24 hours of incubation. Furthermore, almost all isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against Serratia marcescens, and lowest number of isolates showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua. The studied Lactobacillus strains revealed high survival rate in a simulated oral cavity and duodenum conditions, while the survival ability in a simulated gastric conditions was much lower. Ability to aggregate was low for all tested strains, after 3 hours and after 5 hours of incubation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Vpliv bakrovih ionov na fermentacijsko kinetiko različnih sevov kvasovk in kakovost pridelanih mladih vin sorte laški rizling
- Author
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Car, Pija and Košmerl, Tatjana
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udc:663.251/.253:663.221:543.2/.9 ,belo vino ,bakrovi ioni ,Welschriesling ,starter cultures ,alkoholna fermentacija ,white wines ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,fizikalno-kemijske lastnosti ,copper ions ,wines ,physico-chemical properties ,laški rizling ,alcoholic fermentation ,vino ,must ,hranila za kvasovke ,starter kulture ,yeasts nutrients ,mošt - Published
- 2020
6. Diary products as a source of probiotic cultures
- Author
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Živković, Mattea and Frece, Jadranka
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diary productis ,lactic acid bacteria ,probiotics ,bakterije mliječne kiseline ,probiotici ,starter cultures ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Biotehnologija ,starter kulture ,mliječni proizvodi, bakterije mliječne kiseline, starter kulture, probiotici ,mliječni proizvodi ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Biotechnology - Abstract
Mliječni proizvodi se osim po hranjivosti i blagotvornom učinku na zdravlje potrošača, izdvajaju kao dobar izvor bakterija mliječne kiseline (BMK) s mogućom primjenom u proizvodnji novih starter kultura i probiotičkih pripravaka. Poznato je da BMK posjeduju dugu tradiciju primjene u fermentacijskim procesima kojim se dobivaju namirnice blagog okusa, ugodne arome, visoke nutritivne vrijednosti i funkcionalnih svojstava. Korištenjem BMK iz spomenutih sirovina, osigurava se njihova bolja prilagodba tehnološkom procesu i veća učinkovitost proizvodnje fermentiranih mliječnih proizvoda. Kako bi njihova primjena uopće bila moguća, potrebno je zadovoljiti stroge selekcijske kriterije koji osiguravaju izbor soja s dobrim tehnološkim i funkcionalnim karakteristikama te sigurnog za upotrebu. In addition to their nutritional value and beneficial effect on consumer health, dairy products stand out as an adequate source of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with possible application in the production of starter cultures and probiotics. It is known that LAB has a long tradition of application in fermentation processes where they produce food with a mild taste, pleasant aroma, high nutritional value and functional properties. By using LAB from the mentioned raw materials, their better adaptation to the technological process and greater efficiency of production of fermented dairy products is ensured. In order for their application to be possible at all, it is necessary to meet strict selection criteria that ensure the selection of strains with good technological and functional properties and safe to use.
- Published
- 2020
7. Starter kulture kao potencijalni inhibitori Listeria monocytogenes u fermentisanim kobasicama
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Tadić, Vukašin, Dimitrijević, Mirjana, Baltić, Milan Ž., Teodorović, Vlado, Vasilev, Dragan, and Lakićević, Brankica
- Subjects
fermentisane kobasice ,starter cultures ,starter kulture ,fermented sausages ,Listeria monocytogenes - Abstract
Cilj ispitivanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije odnosio se na mogućnost inaktivacije Listeria monocytogenes u fermentisanim kobasicama. Za potrebe ispitivanja proizvedene su kobasice kontaminirane sa L. monocytogenes, sa i bez dodate starter kulture. Kontrolne grupe kobasica nisu bile kontaminirane. U toku zrenja praćene su promene mikrobiološkog statusa fermentisanih kobasica i fizičko-hemijskih osobina. Za sva ispitivanja korišćene su standardne metode. U fermentisanim kobasicama užeg i šireg dijametra sa i bez dodate starter kulture u toku zrenja broj bakterija L. monocytogenes se smanjivao se posle trećeg dana zrenja. U uzorcima fermentisanih kobasica užeg dijametra, sa i bez dodate starter kulture, na kraju procesa zrenja (18. dan) nije utvrđeno prisustvo bakterija L. monocytogenes. U uzorcima fermentisanih kobasica šireg dijametra sa dodatom starter kulturom, L. monocytogenes nije izolovana 21. dana zrenja, a bez dodate starter kulture od 31. dana zrenja. Prosečan broj enterobakterija u uzorcima fermentisanih kobasica užeg dijametra, sa i bez dodate starter kulture smanjivao se od trećeg dana zrenja, a kod fermentisanih kobasica šireg dijametra od sedmog dana zrenja. Prisustvo enterobakterija nije utvrđeno u uzorcima kobasica užeg dijametra na kraju procesa zrenja (18. dan), a u uzorcima kobasica šireg dijametra 31. dana zrenja. Tokom svih dana ispitivanja broj bakterija mlečne kiseline (BMK) u fermentisanim kobasicama užeg, odnosno šireg dijametra bio je veći od broja u kobasicama bez dodate starter kulture. Broj BMK rastao je kod kobasica užeg dijametra do 14. dana, a zatim je opadao do 18. dana, dok je kod fermentisanih kobasica šireg dijametra rastao do 31. dana, a zatim opadao do 41. dana zrenja. Ukupan broj aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija u fermentisanim kobasicama užeg, odnosno šireg dijametra rastao je do 14., odnosno 31. dana zrenja, a zatim je do kraja zrenja opadao. Između ukupnog broja aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija u uzorcima fermentisanih kobasica oba dijametra tokom svih dana ispitivanja nije utvrđena razlika. Između pH vrednosti fermentisanih kobasica oba dijametra nultog i trećeg dana zrenja nije utvrđena razlika. Od sedmog dana, pa do kraja procesa zrenja u fermentisanim kobasicama oba dijametra pH vrednost kobasica sa dodatom starter kulturom bila je manja od pH vrednosti fermentisanih kobasica bez dodate starter kulture... The aim of the study under this doctoral dissertation was to address the possibility of inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in fermented sausages. For testing purposes, sausages contaminated with L. monocytogenes were produced, with and without the starter culture added. The sausage control groups were not contaminated. Changes in the microbiological status of fermented sausages and physicochemical properties were monitored during ripening. Standard methods were used for all tests. In fermented sausages of narrower and wider diameter with and without added starter culture during ripening, L. monocytogenes decreased after the third day of ripening. In samples of fermented short-diameter sausages, with and without added starter culture, no L. monocytogenes was detected at the end of the ripening process (day 18). In specimens of broad-diameter fermented sausages with added starter culture, L. monocytogenes was not isolated on day 21 of ripening, and without added starter culture from day 31 of ripening. The average number of enterobacteria in narrower diameter fermented sausage samples, with and without added starter culture, decreased from the third day of ripening, and in fermented sausages of wider diameter from the seventh day of ripening. The presence of enterobacteria was not detected in narrow-diameter sausage specimens at the end of the ripening process (day 18) and in broad-diameter sausage samples on the 31st day of ripening. During all test days, the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the fermented sausages of narrower or wider diameter was greater than the number in sausages without added starter culture. LAB number increased in narrower diameter sausages by day 14, then decreased by day 18, whereas in fermented sausages of wider diameter, it increased by day 31 and then decreased by day 41. The total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in the fermented sausages of narrower or wider diameter increased to the 14th and 31st day of ripening, and then decreased until the end of ripening. No difference was found between the total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in fermented sausage samples of both diameters during all test days. No difference was found between the pH values of fermented sausages of both diameters on zero and third day...
- Published
- 2020
8. Primjena starter kultura Pediococcus pentosaceus, Staphylococcus carnosus i Staphylococcus xylosus u proizvodnji kulena.
- Author
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Nežak, J., Zdolec, N., Vidaček, S., Marušić, N., and Medić, H.
- Subjects
BACTERIAL starter cultures ,STAPHYLOCOCCUS ,MICROBIOLOGY ,FERMENTATION ,SAUSAGES ,PORK ,HYDROGEN-ion concentration ,FOOD industry - Abstract
Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
9. Isolation and Identification of Indigenous Wine Yeasts and Their Use in Alcoholic Fermentation
- Author
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Polona Zabukovec, Neža Čadež, and Franc Čuš
- Subjects
spontano alkoholno vrenje ,ne-Saccharomyces kvasci ,Saccharomy¬ces kvasci ,starter kulture ,sastojci arome vina ,spontaneous alcoholic fermentation ,non-Saccharomyces yeasts ,Saccharomyces yeasts ,starter cultures ,wine aroma compounds - Abstract
Pozadina istraživanja. U ovom su istraživanju provedena spontana alkoholna vrenja radi izolacije ne-Saccharomyces i Saccharomyces kvasaca iz mošta proizvedenog u različitim vinogradarskim regijama Slovenije. Istovremeno je ocijenjena raznolikost autohtonih sojeva kvasca Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eksperimentalni pristup. Tijekom spontanog alkoholnog vrenja uzeti su uzorci populacija Saccharomyces i ne-Saccharomyces kvasaca. Za određivanje genetičke raznolikosti sojeva kvasca S. cerevisiae koristili smo 11 mikrosatelitskih markera. Osim toga, ispitana je mogućnost primjene različitih omjera autohtonih sojeva kvasaca S. cerevisiae, Hanseniaspora uvarum i Starmerella bacillaris u alkoholnom vrenju s inokuliranim kvascima, pri čemu su praćene koncentracije sastojaka arome vina tijekom vrenja. Rezultati i zaključci. Sekvenciranjem je transkribiranih internih razdjelnih zona (engl. internal transcribed spacer, ITS) ribosomalne DNA utvrđeno da su od 64 izolata njih 46 sojevi kvasca S. cerevisiae , a 18 sojevi ne-Saccharomyces kvasaca. Identificirani su sljedeći sojevi ne-Saccharomyces kvasaca: H. uvarum, Pichia kudriavzevii, Saturnispora diversa i S. bacillaris. U dendrogramu su sojevi kvasca S. cerevisiae grupirani u 14 skupina. Iz mošta proizvedenog u vinogradarskom području Posavja izolirano je 10, na području Podravja 11, a iz Primorske 25 sojeva kvasca S. cerevisiae. S druge strane, najbolji su rezultati postignuti kad je alkoholno vrenje provedeno s inokuliranim kvascima, i to kad autohtoni soj kvasca S. cerevisiae prevlada nad H. uvarum i S. bacillaris, pri čemu se postižu najveći volumni udjel alkohola, najniža koncentracija octene kiseline i bitno veće koncentracije hlapljivih tiola 3-merkaptoheksil acetata (3MHA) i 3-merkaptoheksan-1-ola (3MH), 2-metilpropanola, 2-metilbutanola, 3-metilbutanola i 2-feniletanola u dobivenom vinu. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Ovim smo istraživanjem potvrdili mogućnost primjene autohtonih S. cerevisiae i ne-Saccharomyces kvasaca u alkoholnom vrenju s inokuliranim kvascima, pri čime do izražaja dolaze pozitivne značajke kvasaca i dobivaju se kvalitetna vina. Rezultati ohrabruju proizvođače vina da pomoću autohtonih kvasaca kreiraju različite stilove vina što odražavaju terroir područja uzgoja., Research background. In our study, spontaneous alcoholic fermentations were carried out to isolate non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces yeasts from grape must from different vine-growing regions in Slovenia. Additionally, the diversity of native Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains was evaluated during the process. Experimental approach. During spontaneous alcoholic fermentations the yeast population of non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces yeasts was sampled. We used eleven microsatellite markers to determine the genetic diversity of S. cerevisiae strains. In addition, different ratios of the indigenous strains of S. cerevisiae, Hanseniaspora uvarum and Starmerella bacillaris were tested for their possible use in alcoholic fermentation with inoculated yeasts by monitoring its course and measuring the concentration of aroma compounds in wine. Results and conclusions. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA showed that of 64 isolates, 46 strains represent S. cerevisiae and 18 strains belong to non-Saccharomyces yeasts. The identified non-Saccharomyces yeast species were H. uvarum, Pichia kudriavzevii, Saturnispora diversa and S. bacillaris. The dendrogram grouped S. cerevisiae strains into 14 groups. The number of S. cerevisiae strains isolated from the musts was 10 (Posavje), 11 (Podravje) and 25 (Primorska vine-growing region). On the other hand, the alcoholic fermentation with inoculated yeasts, in which the native S. cerevisiae strain predominated over H. uvarum and S. bacillaris, gave the most promising result due to the highest alcohol volume fraction, the lowest acetic acid concentration and significantly higher concentrations of volatile thiols 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA) and 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH), 2-methylpropanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol and 2-phenylethanol) in the produced wine. Novelty and scientific contribution. We confirmed the potential use of indigenous S. cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts in alcoholic fermentation with inoculated yeasts, which allows the positive properties of the yeast strains to be expressed and good quality wines to be produced. Thus, the results are encouraging for winemakers to create different wine styles associated with a particular terroir using indigenous yeasts.
- Published
- 2020
10. Proteolytic activity of probiotic starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria
- Author
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Herout, Brigita and Leboš Pavunc, Andreja
- Subjects
probiotics ,probiotici ,Lactococcus lactis sojevi, probiotici, proteolitička aktivnost, starter kulture ,proteolytic activity ,starter cultures ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Biotehnologija ,Lactococcus lactis strains ,starter kulture ,proteolitička aktivnost ,Lactococcus lactis sojevi ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Biotechnology - Abstract
Tema ovog rada bila je ispitati proteolitičku aktivnost autohtonih Lactococcus lactis sojeva s ciljem odabira starter kultura za proizvodnju svježeg dimljenog sira. Bakterije mliječne kiseline (BMK) su vrlo važne starter kulture u biotehnološkoj proizvodnji različitih fermentiranih mliječnih proizvoda. Proteolitički sustav ima važnu ulogu u toj proizvodnji jer omogućava rast bakterija mliječne kiseline u mlijeku, odnosno razgradnju kazeina do aminokiselina potrebnih za rast BMK, što pak osigurava uspješnu fermentaciju. Zbog toga je metodom rupama u agaru ispitana proteolitička aktivnost 12 odabranih Lactococcus lactis sojeva, a oni sojevi koji su pokazali najveću proteolitičku aktivnost su izabrani za daljnje ispitivanje Ansonovom metodom. Mjerenjem proteolitičke aktivnosti Ansonovom metodom utvrđeno je da soj L. lactis ZG 7-10 pokazuje znatno bolju aktivnost u odnosu na ostale sojeve te je ispitana njegova sposobnost razgradnje kazeina Tricine SDS-PAGE metodom. The aim of this study was to examine the proteolytic activity of autochtonous Lactococcus lactis strains in order to select starter cultures for smoke fresh cheese production. Lactic acid bacteria are ver important starter culture in biotechnological production of different fermented dairy products. The proteolytic system plays an important role in this production since it allows the growth of lactic acid bacteria in milk, meaning degradation of the casein to the amino acids necessary for the growth of LAB, thus ensuring successful fermentation. Using agar well assay proteolytic activity of 12 selected Lactococcus lactis strains has been tested and strains that expressed stronger proteolytic activity were selected for further testing by Anson's method. Measuring proteolytic activity by Anson's method revealed that L. lactis ZG 7-10 showed a significantly better activity compared to other strains so its ability to degrade casein was tested by Tricine SDS-PAGE method.
- Published
- 2018
11. Production technology of fermented fresh cheese
- Author
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Šimić, Marko and Slačanac, Vedran
- Subjects
cheese ,milk ,gruš ,sir ,starter cultures ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Prehrambena tehnologija ,starter kulture ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Food Technology ,curd ,mlijeko - Abstract
U ovom radu opisuje se tehnički postupak proizvodnje svježeg sira od početnog prijema sirovog mlijeka u mljekari, pa sve do završnog hlađenja, pakiranja i skladištenja proizvoda. Prvenstveno je potreno izabrati dobru mliječnu sirovinu, te provesti standardizaciju, homogenizaciju i termičku obradu mliječne sirovine, nakon čega se provodi nacjepljivanje mlijeka starter kulturama kako bi se ono prevelo u sir. Nakon sirenja i stvaranja gruša, te izdvajanja sirutke, dobiveni sirni proizvod se preša, te pakira u za to primjerenu ambalažu te se hladi i skladišti na optimalnoj temperaturi. Svi navedeni procesi su bitni da bi se dobio tehološki i mikrobiološki ispravan i kvalitetan svježi sir. This paper describes technical process of fermented fresh cheese production, from the initial reception of raw milk until the final cooling, pakaging and storing of the final product. Primary mission is to choose a good diary raw material and to carry out standardization, homogenization and thermal processing of that material, followed by inoculation of milk with starter cultures that convert milk into cheese. After conversion and forming the curd, and extracting of whey, the obtained cheese product is pressed and packed in, for that suitable, packaging, cooled and stored at optimal temperature. All of these processes are essential in order to obtain technically and microbiologically correct and high-quality fresh cheese.
- Published
- 2018
12. Uporaba lokalnih sojeva bakterije Lactococcus lactis kao starter kultura u proizvodnji tradicionalnih crnogorskih sireva
- Author
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Mirjana Bojanic Rasovic, Sigrid Mayrhofer, Aleksandra Martinovic, Katharina Dürr, and Konrad J. Domig
- Subjects
Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ,traditional Montenegrin cheese ,starter cultures ,technological properties ,safety assessment ,tradicionalni crnogorski sir ,starter kulture ,tehnološka svojstva ,procjena sigurnosti ,food and beverages - Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterise and examine the biochemical properties of 40 Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from indigenous Montenegrin dairy products in order to explore their potential to be used as starter cultures for producing typical Montenegrin cheese, such as ‘bijeli sir’, ‘masni sir’ and ‘njeguški sir’. Their safety regarding the production of biogenic amines, the presence of antimicrobial resistance and the antibacterial activity against relevant pathogens and spoilage microorganisms has also been tested. Based on the characterisation, all strains belong to L. lactis ssp. lactis. Out of these 40 strains, 23 displayed rapid acidification ability and proteolysis. However, none of the strains exhibited the ability of lipid degradation. Most of the strains were not associated with any health risk investigated. Summing up, a large percentage (27.5 %) of the tested strains showed good properties. These strains should be further examined for their possible application as specific starter cultures in the production of indigenous cheese in Montenegro, Svrha je ovoga rada bila okarakterizirati i ispitati biokemijska svojstva 40 sojeva bakterije Lactococcus lactis, izoliranih iz autohtonih crnogorskih mliječnih proizvoda, te istražiti mogućnost njihove uporabe kao starter kultura u proizvodnji tipičnih crnogorskih sireva, kao što su bijeli sir, masni sir i njeguški sir. Također je ispitana sigurnost primjene tih sojeva, tj. sposobnost proizvodnje biogenih amina, antimikrobna rezistencija i sposobnost suzbijanja rasta važnih patogenih mikroorganizama i uzročnika kvarenja hrane. Karakterizacijom je utvrđeno da svih 40 sojeva pripadaju podvrsti L. lactis ssp. lactis. Njih 23 imala su sposobnost brzog zakiseljavanja i proteolize. Međutim, niti jedan soj nije pokazao sposobnost razgradnje lipida. Većina sojeva nije predstavljala nikakav rizik za zdravlje. Velik postotak sojeva (27,5 %) pokazao je dobra proizvodna svojstva, pa treba dodatno ispitati mogućnost njihove uporabe kao specifičnih starter kultura u proizvodnji autohtonih crnogorskih sireva.
- Published
- 2017
13. Autohtoni sojevi roda Lactobacillus izolirani iz Istarskog sira kao potencijalne starter kulture
- Author
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Nataša Hulak, Ana Žgomba Maksimović, Ana Kaić, Andrea Skelin, and Mirna Mrkonjić Fuka
- Subjects
food and beverages ,Istrian cheese ,Lactobacillus spp ,starter cultures ,antimicrobial activity ,Istarski sir ,starter kulture ,antimikrobno djelovanje - Abstract
Istrian ewe’s milk cheese is an autochthonous product that is manufactured for generations on small family farms in the Croatian peninsula Istria. Traditional Istrian cheese is made from unpasteurized ewe’s milk, without the addition of starter cultures. Consequently, the specific flavour and texture of the Istrian cheese is owed to metabolic processes of indigenous microflora of which Lactobacillus species play pivotal role. Characterisation and selection of indigenous lactobacilli may result in the potential use of selected strains as starter, bioprotective or even probiotic cultures. This study focuses on potential use of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei isolated from traditional Istrian cheese as starter cultures, by using methods that determine their proteolytic, lipolytic, antimicrobial and haemolytic potential, as well as their ability of acidification, autoaggregation and survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Our results indicated that from 12 representative strains most revealed a low or moderate proteolytic activity as well as absence of lipolytic and haemolytic activities. From 12 strains, 5 of them showed a medium to strong acidification ability and lowered the pH of milk below 5.00 after 24 hours of incubation. Furthermore, almost all isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against Serratia marcescens, and lowest number of isolates showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua. The studied Lactobacillus strains revealed high survival rate in a simulated oral cavity and duodenum conditions, while the survival ability in a simulated gastric conditions was much lower. Ability to aggregate was low for all tested strains, after 3 hours and after 5 hours of incubation., Tradicionalni Istarski sir proizvodi se od nepasteriziranog ovčjeg mlijeka, bez dodatka starter kultura. Prema tome, specifična aroma i tekstura Istarskog sira pripisuje se, uz ostale faktore, metaboličkim procesima autohtone mikroflore od kojih vrste roda Lactobacillus imaju ključnu ulogu. Karakterizacija i izbor autohtonih sojeva laktobacila može dovesti do potencijalnog korištenje odabranih sojeva kao starter, zaštitnih ili probiotičkih kultura. U ovom istraživanju željeli smo istražiti tehnološki i probiotički potencijal sojeva Lactobacillus plantarum i Lactobacillus casei izoliranih iz tradicionalnog Istarskog sira pomoću metoda koje određuju njihov proteolitički, kazeinolitički, lipolitički, antimikrobni i hemolitički potencijal, kao i njihovu sposobnost zakiseljavanja, autoagregacije i preživljavanja u simuliranim gastrointestinalnim uvjetima. Svih 12 reprezentativnih sojeva pokazuju nisku do umjerenu proteolitičku aktivnost te odsutnost lipolitičke i hemolitičke aktivnosti. Od 12 sojeva, 5 je pokazalo jaku sposobnost zakiseljavanja, spuštajući pH mlijeka ispod 5,00 nakon 24 sati inkubacije. Nadalje, gotovo svi izolati pokazuju antimikrobno djelovanje u odnosu na vrstu Serratia marcescens te slabo antimikrobno djelovanje u odnosu na Staphylococcus aureus i Listeria innocua. Istraživani sojevi pokazali su visoku prosječnu stopu preživljavanja u simuliranim uvjetima usne šupljine i dvanaesnika, dok je prosječna stopa preživljavanja u simuliranim želučanim uvjetima bila znatno niža. Nakon 5 sati inkubacije, autoagregacijska sposobnost svih istraživanih sojeva bila je niska.
- Published
- 2016
14. Karakterizacija i odabir autohtonih bakterija mliječno-kiselog vrenja kao starter kultura u zanatskoj proizvodnji vlasinskog sira iz svježeg kozjeg mlijeka
- Author
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Amarela Terzic-Vidojevic, Maja Tolinacki, Milica Nikolic, Katarina Veljovic, Snezana Jovanovic, Ognjen Macej, and Ljubisa Topisirovic
- Subjects
zanatski vlasinski sir ,bakterije mliječno-kiselog vrenja ,rep-PCR ,sekvenciranje 16S rDNA ,starter kulture ,food and beverages ,artisanal Vlasina cheese ,lactic acid bacteria ,16S rDNA sequencing ,starter cultures - Abstract
The aim of this study is the isolation, characterization and identification of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from artisanal Vlasina raw goat's milk cheese for the selection of potential starter cultures. Soft white Vlasina cheese was manufactured at a household on the Stara Planina Mountain using traditional techniques without starter cultures. One hundred and forty nine LAB isolates were collected from two samples of Vlasina cheese, designated as BGVL2 (5 days old) and BGVL2a (15 days old). The population of LAB in the cheese samples was characterized by phenotype-based assays and presumptively identified using repetitive element palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) with the primer (GTG)5. Results were confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Among the BGVL2 isolates (56), the most numerous LAB species were Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (27) and Lactococcus lactis (26). In 15-day-old BGVL2a (93 isolates), Lactobacillus plantarum (33), Enterococcus durans (26) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (14) were predominant. Lc. lactis ssp. lactis BGVL2-8 showed good acidification ability and the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds, Lb. plantarum BGVL2a-18 had good proteolytic ability and produced exopolysaccharides, while BGVL2-29 and BGVL2-63, which belonged to the species Ln. pseudomesenteroides, utilized citrate and produced diacetyl and acetoin. They appeared to be suitable candidates for inclusion in the starter culture. This study contributed to the understanding of the role of autochthonous LAB in the quality of artisanal cheese and the possibility of using the selected LAB as potential starter cultures for cheese making under controlled conditions., Svrha je ovoga rada bila izolirati, karakterizirati i identificirati autohtone bakterije mliječno-kiselog vrenja koje se mogu upotrijebiti kao starter kulture u zanatskoj proizvodnji vlasinskog sira iz svježeg kozjeg mlijeka. Meki je bijeli vlasinski sir bio izrađen u domaćinstvu na Staroj Planini tradicionalnim postupkom bez dodatka starter kultura. Iz dvaju je uzoraka vlasinskih sireva, označenih kao BGVL2 (sir star 5 dana) i BGVL2 (sir star 15 dana) prikupljeno 149 izolata bakterija mliječno-kiselog vrenja. Populacija je bakterija iz uzoraka sireva okarakerizirana pomoću fenotipskih testova i primarno identificirana primjenom metode rep-PCR s početnicom (GTG)5. Rezultati su potvrđeni sekvenciranjem 16S rDNA. Među izolatima iz sira BGVL2 (njih 56) najbrojnije su bile bakterije Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (27) i Lactococcus lactis (26). U siru BGVL2a (93 izolata), starom 15 dana, prevladavale su vrste Lactobacillus plantarum (33), Enterococcus durans (26) i Pediococcus pentosaceus (14). Izolat Lc. lactis ssp. lactis BGVL2-8 pokazao je dobru sposobnost zakiseljavanja i proizvodnje antimikrobnih spojeva. Izolat Lb. plantarum BGVL2a-18 imao je dobru proteolitičku aktivnost i sposobnost proizvodnje egzopolisaharida, dok su izolati BGVL2-29 i BGVL2-63 vrste Ln. pseudomesenteroides za rast koristili citrate, a proizvodili diacetil i acetoin. Stoga su navedeni izolati odabrani kao starter kulture. Ovo je istraživanje pridonijelo razumijevanju uloge autohtonih bakterija mliječno-kiselog vrenja u zanatskoj proizvodnji kvalitetnog sira, te je potvrdilo mogućnost primjene odabranih izolata kao starter kultura pri izradi vlasinskog sira u kontroliranim uvjetima.
- Published
- 2013
15. Sourdough - Traditional Methods for Improving Quality of Bakery Products
- Author
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Jasna Mrvčić, Krunoslav Mikelec, Damir Stanzer, Stela Križanović, Slobodan Grba, Višnja Bačun-Družina, and Vesna Stehlik-Tomas
- Subjects
sourdough ,starter cultures ,bread ,lactic acid bacteria ,food and beverages ,kiselo tijesto ,starter kulture ,kruh ,bakterije mliječne kiseline - Abstract
Bread has been an essential part of human nutrition and culture for thousands of years. Every step of it’s production, from careful raw material selection to dough preparation, processing and baking, could be considered as art that ensure unlimited abundance of color, taste and aroma. Diversity of bakery products is result of the diversities in tradition, culture and geographic origin. All around the world alluring and aromatic bakery products always contain sourdough. Sourdough is a complex microbial ecosystem that is composed of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. The use of lactic acid bacteria in the bread production has long tradition, from spontaneous fermentations (leavening the dough only), to the development and use of defi ned and functional starter cultures. This review covers the sourdough technology, with major emphasis on production of wheat bread with enhanced nutritional value, prolonged shelf life, better taste and aroma., Kruh je od pamtivijeka neizostavni dio ljudske prehrane i kulture. Svaki korak u njegovoj proizvodnji, od pažljivog izbora sirovina do pripreme i obrade tijesta te procesa pečenja, predstavlja dio umjetnosti koja u konačnici osigurava neograničeno bogatstvo boje, okusa i arome kruha. Raznolikost pekarskih proizvoda rezultat je različitosti tradicije, kulture te geografskog podrijetla. Međutim, san svakog pekara, primamljivi i mirisni pekarski proizvodi diljem svijeta, uvijek sadržavaju kiselo tijesto. Kiselo tijesto je kompleksni mikrobni ekosustav kojeg čine bakterije mliječne kiseline i kvasci. Upotreba bakterija mliječne kiseline u pripremi kruha ima dugu tradiciju, od spontanih fermentacija gdje je njihova uloga bila samo dizanje tijesta, preko defi niranih starter kultura, do razvoja i primjene funkcionalnih starter kultura. U ovom radu dat je prikaz tehnologije proizvodnje kiselog tijesta s naglaskom na proizvodnju pšeničnog kruha povećane nutritivne vrijednosti i trajnosti, bogatijeg okusa i arome.
- Published
- 2011
16. Primjena starter kultura Pediococcus pentosaceus, Staphylococcus carnosus i Staphylococcus xylosus u proizvodnji kulena
- Author
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dr .sc. Jadranko Nežak, Nevijo Zdolec, San Vidaček, Nives Marušić, and Helga Medić
- Subjects
kulen ,physical ,chemical ,microbiological and microclimatic changes ,starter cultures ,fizikalno-kemijske ,mikrobiološke i mikroklimatske promjene ,starter kulture - Abstract
Sažetak Tijekom procesa proizvodnje kulena praćene su mikroklimatske, fi zikalno-kemijske i mikrobiološke promjene na uzorcima kulena. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na opravdanost korištenja starter kultura, koje pH vrijednost spuštaju do željenih vrijednosti, na što ukazuju konačne senzorske ocjene. Primjenom starter kultura postigla se dominacija tehnološki i higijenski opravdane mikrofl ore koja doprinosi unapređenju kvalitete, sigurnosti proizvoda i higijenskom vođenju procesa zrenja kulena. Ovim radom je ukazano na prednosti i eventualne nedostatke proizvodnje kulena sa starter kulturama, u odnosu na tradicionalnu proizvodnju., During the process of kulen production, the micro-climatic, physical and chemical and microbiological changes in the samples were monitored. The results obtained indicate the justifi cation of using starter cultures, which bring the pH value down to the required levels, as shown by the fi nal sensory assessment. The use of starter cultures led to the domination of technologically and hygienically justified microflora, which contribute to improving quality, safety in production and the hygienic course of the process of fermentation of kulen. This study points out the advantages and possible disadvantages of producing kulen with starter cultures, in comparison to the traditional production.
- Published
- 2011
17. Antimikrobna aktivnost – najvažnije svojstvo probiotičkih bakterija i starter kultura
- Author
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Jagoda Šušković, Blaženka Kos, Jasna Beganović, Andreja Leboš Pavunc, Ksenija Habjanič, and Srećko Matošić
- Subjects
antimikrobno djelovanje ,bakteriocini ,bakterije mliječne kiseline ,probiotici ,starter kulture ,food and beverages ,antimicrobial activity ,bacteriocins ,lactic acid bacteria ,probiotics ,starter cultures - Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of industrially important lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures and probiotic bacteria is the main subject of this review. This activity has been attributed to the production of metabolites such as organic acids (lactic and acetic acid), hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, diacetyl, acetaldehyde, acetoine, carbon dioxide, reuterin, reutericyclin and bacteriocins. The potential of using bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria, primarily used as biopreservatives, represents a perspective, alternative antimicrobial strategy for continuously increasing problem with antibiotic resistance. Another strategy in resolving this problem is an application of probiotics for different gastrointestinal and urogenital infection therapies., Glavna je tema ovoga rada antimikrobno djelovanje industrijski važnih bakterija mliječne kiseline što se koriste kao starter kulture i probiotičke bakterije. Njihovo antimikrobno djelovanje potječe od proizvedenih metabolita, kao što su organske kiseline (mliječna i octena kiselina), vodikov peroksid, etanol, diacetil, acetaldehid, acetoin, ugljikov dioksid, reuterin, reutericiklin i bakteriocini. Primjena bakteriocina bakterija mliječne kiseline, u prvom redu kao biokonzervansa, može biti alternativa rješavanju sve većeg problema antibiotičke rezistencije. Druga je mogućnost u rješavanju toga problema primjena probiotika u terapiji različitih gastrointestinalnih i urogenitalnih infekcija.
- Published
- 2010
18. Reduced fat cheeses
- Author
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Pudja, Predrag and Djerovski, Jelena
- Subjects
fat substitutes ,reduced fat cheeses ,tekstura ,aroma ,starter cultures ,starter kulture ,zamenjivači masti ,sirevi sa smanjenim sadržajem masti ,texture - Abstract
Reduced fat cheeses are usually characterized as having poor texture, flavor and functional characteristics. Procedures developed for manufacturing reduced and low fat cheeses include modification of technological procedures, starter cultures selection and use of additives, as fat substitutes. Sirevi sa smanjenim sadržajem masti se najčešće karakterišu kao sirevi sa manje prihvatljivom teksturom, slabo izraženim i netipičnim ukusom i mirisom i slabim funkcionalnim osobinama. Prevazilaženje navedenih problema u proizvodnji sireva sa smanjenim sadržajem masti se zasniva na modifikaciji tehnološkog postupka proizvodnje, upotrebi odgovarajućih starter kultura i aditiva, kao zamenjivača mlečne masti.
- Published
- 2007
19. Uloga starter kultura u proizvodnji sireva primjenom postupka ultrafiltracije i mogućnost genetske modifikacije sojeva
- Author
-
Dragojlo Obradović, Ana Banina, Predrag Puđa, and Biljana Stanković-Kosovac
- Subjects
cheeses ,starter cultures ,ultrafiltration ,genetic modification of strains ,sirevi ,starter kulture ,ultrafiltracija ,genetska modifikacija sojeva - Abstract
U radu je dan pregled suvremene literature koja se odnosi na mikrobiološke aspekte ultrafiltracije. S povećanom primjenom, ultrafiltracije u sirarstvu biče povećana i potražnja za kulturama koje se dobro razvijaju u koncentratu. Jedno od vjerojatno najboljih rešenja je primjena tehnologije rDNA u cilju dobivanja sojeva s poboljšanim karakteristikama., A review current literature concerning the microbiological aspects of ultrafiltration is presented. With a increased use of ultrafiltration in cheese production, starters suitable for efficient growth in concentrates will be in demand. Probably the best solution will be the development of improved strains using genetic technology.
- Published
- 1987
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