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In this study, biodegradable films were produced from cassava starch modified by ozone at different levels. The films were produced by casting technique using native and ozonated cassava starch, glycerol as the plasticizer, and water as the solvent. Films were characterized in term of their mechanical, barrier and functional properties, morphology, crystallinity, colour, and opacity. The morphology of the ozonated films was more homogeneous in comparison to the films produced with the non-modified starch and enhanced properties were achieved. Films produced with ozonated cassava starch presented higher tensile strength, Young's modulus and lower elongation. The water vapour permeation and the oxygen permeation were increased by increasing the ozonation time. Moreover, ozone processing resulted in films with a more hydrophilic surface and lower solubility after 24 h. Possible explanations and applications were discussed. In conclusion, the ozone processing showed to be a good alternative for starch based packaging production. • Ozone processing change both starch molecules size and charge. • Ozonation resulted in film with enhanced mechanical properties. • A good alternative for packaging was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of three enzymes on the fundamental rheological parameters of bread dough with high content of resistant starch (RS) was studied. The RS was added as an alternative to increase the fiber ingestion while the enzymes, to overcome the gluten dilution. Optimum dough was formulated with partial substitution of wheat flour by RS (12.5 g/100 g) and enzymes transglutaminase (4 mg/100 g), glucose oxidase (2.5 mg/100 g) and xylanase (0.5 mg/100 g). Dough produced with RS and without enzymes was considered as control and dough without RS or enzymes was considered as regular for comparison. Fundamental rheological parameters were obtained from uniaxial extension, biaxial extension and oscillatory tests. Also, starch gelatinization and retrogradation were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The partial replacement of WF by RS resulted in less extensible dough, whereas the addition of enzymes increased the strain hardening index allowing higher dough expansion. The addition of enzymes reduced the elastic modulus resulting in a behavior similar to the regular dough. RS was not gelatinized during baking, hence it can be considered as dietetic fiber. Wheat starch retrogradation after 7 days of storage was observed, indicating bread aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of three enzymes on the rheology and the baking performance of bread dough with high content of resistant starch (RS) was studied. The RS was added as an alternative to increase the fiber ingestion while the enzymes, to make up the gluten dilution. A full factorial 2 3 design with central point in triplicate was applied with dough formulated with partial substitution of wheat flour by RS (12.5 g/100 g) and the enzymes: transglutaminase (0–8 mg/100 g), glucose-oxidase (0–5 mg/100 g) and xylanase (0–1 mg/100 g). Dough produced without RS or enzymes was considered as regular and dough produced with RS and without enzymes was considered as control for comparison. Bread was produced from regular, control and optimum formulations and the quality was assessed concerning specific volume, firmness and preference by sensory panel. Enzymes had significant effect ( p < 0.05) on the weakening coefficient obtained by fermentation monitoring indicating the central point as optimum formulation. From bread quality tests it was observed that the RS delayed, whereas the enzymes accelerated the aging process. No significant difference of attribute preference was detected by sensory panel, while the bread produced with the optimum dough had the highest value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to produce sustainable smart packaging based on cassava starch and a natural pH indicator (anthocyanin) by a twin-screw extrusion process. It also aimed to evaluate various anthocyanin concentrations (5, 10, 20) mg ATH per 100 g on selected sheet properties and the indication of pH changes. The incorporation of ATH generated sheets thicker (~2.5x), less resistant at break (~4.5x), less flexible (~1.4x) and less rigid (~4.5x). However, ATH did not affect the crystallinity profile. The thermoplastic starch sheets incorporated with 20 mg ATH/100 g showed the best behavior as a smart packing indicator of pH change in meat stored at 6 °C, with the higher variation of Δ E * and the most visually notable color change. Therefore, this work allowed producing sustainable smart packing by the large-scale method (extrusion), and it can expand the application of this type of material in the food industry. Image 1 • Smart packaging based on cassava starch and anthocyanin was developed by extrusion. • The increase of anthocyanin content resulted in sheets more colored. • Anthocyanin affected negatively, mainly, the mechanical properties of the sheets. • Sheets incorporated with anthocyanin showed the capacity to be a pH change indicator. • Sheets with highest anthocyanin concentration presented the best pH changing indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Biodegradable films based on cassava starch and with addition of natural antimicrobial ingredients were prepared using the casting technique. The tensile properties tensile strength (TS) [MPa] and percent elongation (E) at break [%] and the water vapor transmission (WVT) of the biodegradable films were evaluated and compared with the control (without antimicrobial ingredients). The evaluation of the Colony Forming Units per gram [CFU/g] of pan bread slices packed with the best biodegradable films, in terms of packaging performance, was also determined. The addition onto the matrix of only clove and cinnamon powders could reduce the films WVT when compared to the control, however TS and E were lower than the control and the effect of cinnamon was milder regarding this property. Since water activity of the pan bread slices packed with the biodegradable films increased considerably during the storage period, the antimicrobial effect could not be clearly determined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]