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Newly developed varieties should be not only highly productive, but also adaptable. In this regard, the Omsk Agricultural Center is certainly one of the leaders in spring barley breeding (23 varieties have been created). New varieties should meet both the current needs of agricultural producers and agro-technological requirements in accordance with the achievements of science and production. In this regard, the purpose of the current study was to determine adaptability parameters of the Omsk barley varieties. There have been presented the study results of 2015–2019. The objects of the study were the two-row hulled varieties and lines ‘Omsky 95’ (standard), ‘Sasha’, ‘Podarok Sibiri’, ‘Omsky 100’, ‘Omsky 101’, ‘Medikum 4867’, ‘Nutans 4883’, ‘Nutans 4812’; the multi-row hulled varieties and lines ‘Omsk 99’ (standard), ‘Rikotense 4885’, ‘Pallidum 4861’; the multi-row hulles varieties and lines ‘Omsk golozerny 2’ (standard), ‘Omsk golozerny 4’. There have been estimated such adaptability parameters as coefficient of adaptability (according to Zhivotkov), coefficient of responsiveness to favorable growing conditions (according to Zykin), stress resistance and compensatory ability (according to Goncharenko), adaptability (according to Baransky and Gryaznov), trait variability and coefficient of agronomic stability (according to Dospekhov). The final estimation of the response of varieties to cultivation conditions had to be carried out by the sum of the ranks, taking into account that the first rank was the highest. The studied varieties were characterized by productivity of 5.2±0.97 t/ha. There was identified a significant increase for all varieties (+0.13…+0.90 t/ha to standard). The greatest contribution to the yield variation was made by the year conditions (65%); the share of a variety genotype effect was 19%. According to the sum of ranks, for the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia, the most adaptive varieties among the two-row hulled varieties and lines were ‘Sasha’, ‘Omsky 100’, ‘Omsky 101’ and ‘Nutans 4883’ (sum of ranks = 45–49). Among multi-row hulled varieties and lines it was ‘Rikotense 4885’ (sum of ranks = 46). Among the multi-row hulles varieties and lines they were ‘Omsk golozerny 2’ (standard), ‘Omsk golozerny 4’ (sum of ranks = 86 and 87).

The purpose of the current study was to determine the correlation between adaptability parameters of the spring barley varieties and grain productivity and the main indicators of its quality. The study was conducted from 2011 to 2019 in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The protein percentage in grain, raw oil, starch and husk content of grain were determined according to the Pleshkov and Berkutova methods. The mathematical processing was carried out according to the methodology of Dospekhov, Eberhard and Russell. According to the trial, low productivity of spring barley was recorded in 2012, 2013 and 2016 (2.36–2.92 t/ha) with low values of the index of environmental conditions (-1.32; -1.88). Higher productivity was recorded in 2011, 2015, 2018 and 2019 (5.26-5.89 t/ha), with high values of the index of environmental conditions (1.02–1.65). The productivity of the standard variety ‘Omskiy 95’ varied from 2.11 t/ha (in 2016) to 5.91 t/ha (in 2015). The varieties ‘Sibirskiy Avangard’, ‘Sasha’, ‘Omskiy 100’ exceeded the standard variety (+0.47; +1.97 t/ha to standard). An increased content of raw oil in grain was recorded in the varieties ‘Omskiy 9’1 and ‘Sasha’ (0.4-0.6% to standard). The varieties ‘Omskiy 91’, ‘Sibirskiy Avangard’, ‘Omskiy 90’, ‘Omskiy 96’ and ‘Omskiy 100’ were characterized by a reduced husk content of grain (-0.7; -1.4% to standard). The barley varieties ‘Sibirskiy Avangard’ and ‘Sasha’ (bi > 1; σ2 d < 1) were highly responsive and stable to improving environmental conditions. The improvement of adaptability (bi) of barley varieties did not have a significant effect on grain productivity and quality (r = 0.109±0.020 and 0.232±0.035). The stability (σ2 d) of the varieties was characterized by an average direct correlation with starch content in grain (r = 0.429±0.120), a strong direct correlation with oil content in grain (r = 0.656±0.105). There was identified an average inverse correlation between stability (σ2 d) and protein and husk content in grain (r = -0.399±0.060 and -0.447±0.055). There was a weak correlation with productivity (r = -0.204±0.040).

Background. Among spring cereals, oat is one of the main grain crops in Siberia. The aim of this study was to determine how the parameters of adaptability in oat cultivars are correlated with yield and basic indicators of grain quality.Material and methods. The studies were carried out from 2011 to 2019 in the southern forest steppe of Western Siberia. The content of protein, crude fat and starch in grain, and its hull content were measured according to B. V. Pleshkov and N. S. Berkutova. Mathematical processing was performed following the guidelines by B. A. Dospekhov, S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell.Results. There was a significant variation in grain yield and grain quality (CV > 20%) in oat cultivars due to a high contribution from the conditions of the year (26.7...80.9%) as well as a strong direct (r = 0,607...0.825) or strong reverse (r = –0.660...–0.994) conjugation with climatic factors. As the protein content in grain increased, starch, oil (r = 0.960...0.962) and hull content (r = 0.442) increased as well. Naked oat cultivars manifested higher grain quality (4.6% protein, 17.6% starch, and 2.2% crude fat) and reduced yield (–1.45 t/ha) compared with hulled oat cultivars.Conclusion. Increased plasticity (bi) and stability (σ2d) of oat cultivars contributed to higher yields (rbi = 0.943;rσ2d = 0.344) but reduced grain quality indicators (rbi = –0.697…–0.812;rσ2d = –0.270…–0.300). Hull content in plastic cultivars decreased (rbi = –0.201).

Background. An extremely important task today is to develop new hulless barley cultivars, capable of yielding large and high-quality grain harvests, and introduce them into agricultural production. Objective. The purpose was to study three hulless barley cultivars ‘Omsky golozerny 2’, ‘Omsky golozerny 4’ and ‘Maysky’, developed at Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, in order to describe their agrobiological characteristics.Materials and methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2015–2017 on the experimental fields of Omsk ASC in the southern forest steppe (third crop rotation after the wheat predecessor; fourth crop after fallow). There were 4 replications on the plot of 10 m2. The seeding rate was 4 million viable seeds per 1 ha. Agricultural practice used in the experiments was conventional for West Siberia. Parameters of stability and plasticity were calculated according to Eberhart and Russell, Wricke; adaptability, according to Zhivotkov; homeostasis, according to Khangildin; stress tolerance and compensatory ability, according to Rossielle and Hemblin.Results. Many years of breeding work at Omsk ASC resulted in the development of three hulless barley cultivars: ‘Omsky golozerny 2’ (listed in the State Register of the Russian Federation for regions 9, 10 and 11), ‘Omsky golozerny 4’ (submitted for the State Crop Variety Trials in 2017), and ‘Maysky’ (not included in the State Register). The new hulless barley cultivar ‘Omsky golozerny 4’, considering its higher productivity (+1.36 g to the reference in 1000 grain weight, and +0.73 t/ha to cv. ‘Maysky’), in the yield of nutrients per area unit equaled the reference ‘Omsky golozerny 2’, but exceeded ‘Maysky’ (+47.2 kg/ha of protein, +390 kg/ha of starch, and +42.4 kg/ha of crude fat). ‘Omsky golozerny 4’ was also characterized by stability (stability = 4.8), increased compensatory ability (3.29) and adaptability (103%). There was an increase in productivity with improved growing conditions (ecological plasticity = 1.25). ‘Maysky’ had higher stress tolerance (–1.35), while the reference ‘Omsky golozerny 2’ showed increased homeostasis (0.118). Thus, ‘Omsky golozerny 4’ exceeded the previous two cultivars in adaptability and stability.

Background. The increasing interest in spring oats is constrained by high lability of climate factors in the local environments, which causes considerable variability of yields in different years. This situation may be changed by identifying, developing and introducing new oat cultivars. The aim of this work is to assess the adaptive potential of yield in spring oat cultivars developed at Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center in the environments of the Near-Irtysh area in Omsk Province, taking into account the most common statistical parameters. The object of the research were 9 spring oat cultivars recommended for cultivation in the region and undergoing the State Variety Trials: ‘Orion’ (reference), ‘Irtysh 13’, ‘Irtysh 21’, ‘Irtysh 23’, ‘Tarsky 2’, ‘Pamyati Bogachkova’, ‘Skakun’, ‘Fakel’ and ‘Sibirsky Gerkules’. Materials and methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2011–2017 on the experimental fields of Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center located in the southern forest-steppe area. Agricultural practice used in the experiments was conventional for West Siberia. Mathematical data processing was based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA); yield adaptability, stability and plasticity parameters were calculated. Results. The most plastic (according to A. A. Gryaznov’s methodology) were the cultivars ‘Orion’, ‘Sibirsky Gerkules’, ‘Fakel’, ‘Tarsky 2’ and ‘Irtysh 21’ with indices of environmental plasticity 1.00– 1.07. According to S. A. Eberhard’s and W. A. Russell’s criteria, plasticity was identified in ‘Pamyati Bogachkova’, ‘Fakel’, ‘Sibirsky Gerkules’, ‘Irtysh 13’, ‘Irtysh 21’ and ‘Tarsky 2’ (linear regression coefficient: 1.10÷1.30). High stress resistance (according to A. A. Rossielle and J. Hemblin’s technique) was observed in ‘Irtysh 23’, ‘Skakun’ and ‘Orion’ (up to ‒3.0). Highly stable (according to S. A. Eberhard and W. A. Russell) were ‘Orion’, ‘Irtysh 21’, ‘Tarsky 2’, ‘Pamyati Bogachkova’, ‘Irtysh 13’, ‘Skakun’ and ‘Sibirsky Gerkules’ with minimal nonlinear deviations from the regression line (0.1–0.3). High compensatory capacity (according to A. A. Rossielle and J. Hemblin) was shown by ‘Tarsky 2’, ‘Irtysh 21’, ‘Pamyati Bogachkova’, ‘Fakel’ and ‘Orion’ (4.00÷4.20). The most adaptable cultivars (according to L. A. Zhivotkov) were ‘Sibirsky Gerkules’, ‘Irtysh 21’, ‘Tarsky 2’, ‘Fakel’ and ‘Orion’ (adaptability coefficient: 1.00–1.07%). The cultivars ‘Irtysh 13’, ‘Pamyati Bogachkova’, ‘Fakel’ and ‘Sibirsky Gerkules’ were identified (according to V. A. Dragavtsev) as intensive-type cultivars (multiplicative coefficient: 2.30); ‘Orion’, ‘Irtysh 21’, Tarsky 2’ and ‘Skakun’ as semi-intensive ones (2.00÷2.10); and ’Irtysh 23’ as an extensive-type cultivar (1.82). Conclusion. In compliance with the principle of variety ranking, the cultivars ‘Tarsky 2’, ‘Irtysh 21’, ‘Sibirsky Gerkules’, ‘Pamyati Bogachkova’ and ‘Fakel’ are most suitable for cultivation under local environmental conditions.

Background. In Omsk Province there is an alternation of dry, medium moisture and wet years (respectively 40%, 30% and 20%). This indicates the need to use barley varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits and properties that ensure their high yields in a wide range of varying environmental conditions.Objects of the research were 9 varieties of spring barley developed by the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, recommended for cultivation in this region.Materials and methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out during 2011-2017, on the experimental fields of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture, RAAS, located in the southern forest-steppe in the vicinity of Omsk. The plot area was 10 m2, with 4 repetitions. The sowing rate was 4 million live grains per 1 hectare. Agricultural practice used for the experiments is generally accepted in the West Siberian region. Mathematical processing was carried out by the method of the analysis of variance; yield adaptability, stability and plasticity parameters were calculated.Results. The average yield of the studied barley varieties in the environments of Omsk's Near-Irtysh area was 3.90 t/ha - it was the mean value for the period of studies. The barley yield varied greatly depending on environmental conditions and hereditary characteristics of varieties, which was confirmed by the results of the variance analysis: the share of the influence of the "year of testing" factor on the yield was 77.5%. The best conditions for the formation of increased yields during the period of research were observed: in 2011 and 2015 (5.28 and 5.78 t/ha), with a maximum index of environmental conditions (Ij = 1.38 and 1.88, respectively). Unfavorable conditions were noted from 2012 to 2014: yields decreased to 2.33 4 3.54 t/ha, with Ij = -0.36 4 -1.57. All studied varieties exceeded the reference 'Omskiy 91' by 7.0 4 39.3%. The most adaptive among barley varieties as far as their yield is concerned in the conditions of Omsk's Near-Irtysh region were the varieties: 'Podarok Sibiri', 'Omskiy 99', 'Omskiy 100' and 'Omskiy 95'. The sum of the ranks of the above varieties according to their general and specific adaptive abilities, breeding value of the genotype, regression coefficient, stability variance, stability index. and steadiness of the stability index was 20-30.Conclusion. Varieties 'Podarok Sibiri', 'Omskiy 99', 'Omskiy 100' and 'Omskiy 95' are highly adaptable and can provide high stable yields in a wide range of variation in the natural environments of the Near-Irtysh area in Omsk Province.

Characteristics of the new malting spring barley cultivar ‘Omsky 100’ are presented. This cultivar, bred at the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and submitted for State Trials in 2015, represents the forest-steppe environmental group of varieties. It is characterized by high resistance to lodging, low susceptibility to false loose smut, medium to loose smut, and high to covered smut. As for productivity, 'Omsky 100' is among the high-yielding cultivars in the environments of West Siberia (4.5 t/ha, "+"0.4 t/ha st.). It is responsive to improvement of cultivation conditions (regression coefficient = 2.3; multiplier coefficient = 2.6) and is able to combine high potential yield with its minimal decrease in adverse cultivation environments (homeostaticity = 0.4). Its biochemical indicators correspond to the requirements of the State Standard for malting barley, and it is recommended for use in brewing industry. Key words: common spring barley, growing season, smut incidence, plant height, spike shape, awn serration, kernel color, stability, flexibility, homeostaticity.

The economic, technological, and climatic prerequisites of recent 2 decades determine new relevant requirements for cultivated varieties of agricultural crops. For the stable formation of a high-quality harvest, new adaptive varieties are needed. The purpose of the research was to identify promising hulled oats lines in the competitive nursery of Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center by the main indicators of grain quality and productivity for further research. Omsk hulled lines of spring oats were studied in scientific long-term research (2019-2021). The test object was 8 hulled oat lines, the Orion variety was the standard. The data of the following grain quality indicators were presented: mass fraction of protein, starch and crude fat, 1000 seed weight. The adaptability and stability of these indicators were calculated according to Eberhart and Russell. Mutika 1178, Mutika 1180, Mutika 1195, Mutika 1196, Mutika 1200, Mutika 1202 and Mutika 1205 lines significantly exceeded the standard in protein content in grain (+0.92.6 % to st); Mutika 1147 exceeded the standard in starch content (+1.52.3 % to st); Mutika 1147, Mutika 1195, Mutika 1200, Mutika 1202, Mutika 1205 - in crude fat (+0.61.3 % to st); Mutika 1147 and Mutika 1178 - in 1000 seed weight (+0.93.4 g to st). For further research, the following promising lines are recommended: stable in protein mass fraction (Mutika 1180, Mutika 1195, Mutika 1200, Mutika 1202, Mutika 1205); stable in starch (Mutika 1196), stable in crude fat (Mutika 1147, Mutika 1178, Mutika 1180, Mutika 1195, Mutika 1196, Mutika 1200, Mutika 1202, Mutika 1205) and stable in 1000 seed weight (Mutika 1195, Mutika 1202, Mutika 1205).