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In recent years, interest in probiotics in publications has been steadily increasing. This is associated with the discovery of the relationship between disruptions in the gut microbiome and dysfunction of the immune system, and consequently, the development of various diseases and allergies. The composition of the natural gut microbiota in newborns can undergo changes, and as a result, we can influence it both prenatally and postnatally. According to available research, factors influencing it include the timing and method of delivery, maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as antibiotic use in newborns after birth, and the method of feeding the child. It is suspected that disturbances in the composition of gut microbiota from the earliest stages of life contribute to the development of disorders such as functional gastrointestinal disorders (diarrhea, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome), inflammatory bowel diseases, allergies, atopic dermatitis, neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorders), and increased risk of obesity in later years of the child's life. When significant dysbiosis occurs, stimulating the growth of protective and nutritive autochthonous bacteria on the intestinal epithelium is difficult to achieve in any other way than using appropriately selected probiotic strains. However, it is important to remember to choose probiotics with a well-researched quantitative and qualitative composition, and to select them depending on the underlying disease, as well as the age and other conditions of the patient.

Introduction The urachal anomaly is a developmental defect, a remnant of fetal life consisting of a patent connection between the dome of the urinary bladder and the umbilicus. It can take various forms. Most commonly it occurs in males, very rarely in adults. The main symptoms associated with this condition are: foul-smelling discharge from the umbilicus, abdominal pain, hematuria, or recurrent urinary tract infections. Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of the persistent urachus. Aim of the study The aim of the study is to sentize doctors’ attention that patent urachus is the rare but possible diagnosis of acute abdomen pain in adults population and bring the proceedings. Materials and methods: An analysis of papers avaliable on Pubmed and Google Scholar was performed. The following key words: urachal anomalies, adults, abdomen pain, urachal remnants, urachal carcinoma were used. Results: Lately, thanks to modern precise imaging diagnostics, more valuable studies have been conducted, allowing to characterize residual ureteral remnants, which are most often asymptomatic in population of adults. However the manifestation of symptoms is mostly associated with infection of the mentioned area or a tumor transformation. There are at least two case reports which report that infection of urachal remnants could manifestate after intensive physical activity. It is worth in-depth interviewing. Studies indicate the necessity of surgical removal of persistent urachal anomalies, as they carry the risk of rapid growth and unfavorable prognosis of cancerous spread.