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1. Porous lignin-based composites for oil/water separation: A review.

Author

He, Zhiwei, Wang, Mingkun, and Ma, Shiyu

Subjects
*LIGNINS, *ETHANOL as fuel, *OIL spills, *FOOD chains, *OIL fields, *INDUSTRIAL wastes, *HUMAN beings
Abstract

Frequent oceanic oil spill incidents and the discharge of industrial oily wastewaters have caused serious threats to environments, food chains and human beings. Lignin wastes with many reactive groups exist as the byproducts from bioethanol and pulping processing industries, and they are either discarded as wastes or directly consumed as a fuel. To make full use of lignin wastes and simultaneously deal with oily wastewaters, porous lignin-based composites have been rationally designed and prepared. In this review, recent advances in the preparation of porous lignin-based composites are summarized in terms of aerogels, sponges, foams, papers, and membranes, respectively. Then, the mechanisms and the application of porous lignin-based adsorbents and filtration materials for oil/water separation are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of porous lignin-based composites are proposed in the field of oil/water separation. The utilization of abundant lignin wastes can replace fossil resources, and meanwhile porous lignin-based composites can be used to efficiently treat with oily wastewaters. The above utilization strategy opens an avenue to the rational design and preparation of lignin wastes with high-added value, and gives a possible solution to use lignin wastes in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Heat shock protein Hsp70 expression and DNA damage in Baikalian sponges exposed to model pollutants and wastewater from Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Plant

Author

Werner E.G. Müller, Irina V. Guzhova, Heinz C. Schröder, Boris A. Margulis, Stephanie Lauenroth, Sofia Efremova, and V. B. Itskovich

Subjects
Paper, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Industrial Waste, Fresh Water, Aquatic Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animals, HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins, Water aeration, Water pollution, Pollutant, biology, Ecology, business.industry, Paper mill, biology.organism_classification, Porifera, Pentachlorophenol, Siberia, Zinc, Sponge, Lead, chemistry, Wastewater, Environmental chemistry, Aeration, business, Water Pollutants, Chemical, DNA Damage
Abstract

Lake Baikal, a unique habitat for a great number of endemic species, is the largest freshwater reservoir in the world which is still largely unaffected by anthropogenic pollution, except for some shore regions with industrial activity. The expressions of a biomarker of exposure (heat shock protein Hsp70) and a biomarker of effect (DNA single-strand breaks) were measured for the first time in endemic Baikalian sponge species (Baikalospongia intermedia, Lubomirskia fusifera, and Lubomirskia abietina). Tissue cubes of B. intermedia and dissociated cells of L. fusifera and L. abietina reacted to temperature stress (10–16 °C above ambient temperature) with a time-dependent increase in expression of Hsp70. In B. intermedia, the effects of model pollutants (lead, copper, and zinc, and the organochlorines tetrachloroguaiacol, TCG, and pentachlorophenol, PCP) and of the wastewater from the final refinement and aeration reservoirs of the Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Plant (BPPP), located at the shore of the southern basin of Lake Baikal, on the expression of Hsp70 and the extent of DNA damage were investigated. It was found that lead and zinc but not copper cause a strong induction of Hsp70 in this sponge, while the frequency of DNA single-strand breaks increased after exposure to all these heavy metals tested. Induction of DNA single-strand breaks was also observed after exposure to TCG and PCP, but these compounds did not (consistently) enhance Hsp70 expression. Wastewater taken from the final water aeration pond of BPPP caused a concentration-dependent increase in Hsp70 expression in B. intermedia. However, there was no difference in the basal levels of Hsp70 between sponges collected in the shallow water at an unpolluted site near Baikalsk City and at a polluted site where the wastewaters of BPPP are discharged into the lake. There was also no clear difference in the wastewater concentration-dependent induction of Hsp70 expression between sponges collected at these sites, indicating no adaptation to continuous stress exposure.

Published
2002
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