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1. Safety and efficacy of once-daily risdiplam in type 2 and non-ambulant type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SUNFISH part 2): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Eugenio Mercuri, Nicolas Deconinck, Elena S Mazzone, Andres Nascimento, Maryam Oskoui, Kayoko Saito, Carole Vuillerot, Giovanni Baranello, Odile Boespflug-Tanguy, Nathalie Goemans, Janbernd Kirschner, Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk, Laurent Servais, Marianne Gerber, Ksenija Gorni, Omar Khwaja, Heidemarie Kletzl, Renata S Scalco, Hannah Staunton, Wai Yin Yeung, Carmen Martin, Paulo Fontoura, John W Day, Joseph J. Volpe, John Posner, Ulrich Kellner, Rosaline Quinlivan, Aurore Daron, Stéphanie Delstanche, Romain Bruninx, Fabian Dal Farra, Olivier Schneider, Irina Balikova, Patricia Delbeke, Inge Joniau, Valentine Tahon, Sylvia Wittevrongel, Elke De Vos, Ingele Casteels, Liesbeth De Waele, Catherine Cassiman, Lies Prové, David Kinoo, Lisa Vancampenhout, Marleen Van Den Hauwe, Annelies Van Impe, Alexandra Prufer de Queiroz Campos Araujo, Aline Chacon Pereira, Flávia Nardes, Lorena Haefeli, Julia Rossetto, Marcos Ferreira Rebel, Jaqueline Almeida Pereira, Craig Campbell, Sapna Sharan, Wendy McDonald, Cheryl Scholtes, Jean Mah, Maria Sframeli, Angela Chiu, Jane Hagel, Raquel Beneish, Gaela Cariou-Palmer, Connie Pham, Daniela Toffoli, Stephanie Arpin, Sarah Turgeon Desilets, Yi Wang, Chaoping Hu, Jianfeng Huan, Chen Qian, Li Shen, Ying Xiao, Zhenxuan Zhou, Hui Li, Sujuan Wang, Hui Xiong, Xingzhi Chang, Hui Dong, Ying Liu, Tian Sang, Cuijie Wei, Jing Wen, Yiwen Cao, Xingyao Ly, Jingjing Zhao, Wenzhu Li, Lun Qin, Nina Barisic, Martina Galiot Delic, Petra Kristina Ivkic, Nenad Vukojevic, Ivana Kern, Boris Najdanovic, Marin Skugor, Teresa Gidaro, Andreea Seferian, Silvana De Lucia, Emmanuel Barreau, Nabila Mnafek, Marta Milkova Momtchilova, Helene Peche, Carole Valherie, Allison Grange, Charlotte Lilien, Darko Milascevic, Shotaro Tachibana, Claudia Ravelli, Ruxandra Cardas, Jessica Taytard, Guillaume Aubertin, Laure Vanden Brande, Jean-Baptiste Davion, Stephanie Coopman, Ikram Bouacha, Philippe Debruyne, Sabine Defoort, Gilles Derlyn, Florian Leroy, Loïc Danjoux, Julie Guilbaud, Isabelle Desguerre, Christine Barnérias, Michaela Semeraro, Dominique Bremond-Gignac, Lenaic Bruere, Maxence Rateaux, Élodie Deladrière, Virginie Germa, Yann Pereon, Sandra Mercie, Fanny Billaud, Lucie Le Goff, Guy Letellier, Aurélie Portefaix, Camille De-Montferrand, Laure Le-Goff, Stephanie Fontaine, Manel Saidi, Nabil Bouzid, Aurélie Barriere, Marie Tinat, Michelle Dreesbach, Wolf Lagréze, Bettina Michaelis, Fanni Molnar, Dorina Seger, Sibylle Vogt, Enrico Bertini, Adele D'Amico, Sergio Petroni, Anna Maria Bonetti, Adelina Carlesi, Irene Mizzoni, Claudio Bruno, Enrico Priolo, Giuseppe Rao, Simone Morando, Paola Tacchetti, Ambra Zuffi, Giacomo Pietro Comi, Roberta Brusa, Stefania Corti, Velardo Daniele, Alessandra Govoni, Francesca Magri, Valeria Minorini, Silvia Gabriella Osnaghi, Francesca Abbati, Federica Fassini, Michaela Foa, Amaqlia Lopopolo, Megi Meneri, Francesca Zoppas, Valeria Parente, Riccardo Masson, Stefania Bianchi Marzoli, Diletta Santarsiero, Myriam Garcia Sierra, Gemma Tremolada, Maria Teresa Arnoldi, Marta Vigano, Riccardo Zanin, Laura Antonaci, Roberto de Sanctis, Marika Pane, Maria Carmela Pera, Giulia Maria Amorelli, Costanza Barresi, Gugliemo D'Amico, Lorenzo Orazi, Giorgia Coratti, Kazuhiro Haginoya, Atsuko Kato, Yuko Morishita, Ryutaro Kira, Kiyomu Akiyama, Miwako Goto, Yujiro Mori, Misato Okamoto, Saki Tsutsui, Yuta Takatsuji, Aya Tanaka, Hirofumi Komaki, Miina Omori, Ippei Suzuki, Mizuki Takeuchi, Daisuke Todoroki, Seji Watanabe, Tomoko Matsubayashi, Emi Inakazu, Hiroe Nagura, Akira Suzuki, Manami Usui, Nobutsune Ishikawa, Yousuke Harada, Kenishi Fudeyasu, Kazuhiko Hirata, Kana Michiue, Kazuyuki Ueda, Junko Fujitani, Reiko Arakawa, Kozue Takano, Shigeko Yashiro, Maiko Seki, Nozomi Sano, Koji Fukuyama, Yuki Matsumoto, Hirofumi Miyazaki, Minoru Shibata, Kyoko Kobayashi, Yukie Nakamura, Yasuhiro Takeshima, Moe Kuma, Anna Fraczek, Maria Jedrzejowska, Anna Lusakowska, Agnieszka Czeszyk-Piotrowicz, Wojciech Hautz, Klaudia Rakusiewicz, Malgorzata Burlewicz, Zuzanna Gierlak-Wojcicka, Malwina Kepa, Adam Sikorski, Marcin Sobieraj, Maria Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska, Anna Lemska, Sandra Modrzejewska, Mateusz Koberda, Urszula Stodolska-Koberda, Agnieszka Waskowska, Jagoda Kolendo, Agnieszka Sobierajska-Rek, Barbara Steinborn, Magdalena Dalz, Julia Grabowska, Wojciech Hajduk, Justyna Janasiewicz-Karachitos, Monika Klimas, Marcin Stopa, Ewa Gajewska, Beata Pusz, Dmitry Vlodavets, Evgenia Melnik, Natalya Leppenen, Nataliya Yupatova, Anastasya Monakhova, Yulia Papina, Olga Shidlovsckaia, Vedrana Milic Rasic, Vesna Brankovic, Ana Kosac, Olivera Djokic, Vesna Jakšic, Ana Pepic, Jelena Martinovic, Francina Munell Casadesus, Eduardo Tizzano, Nieves Martín Begué, Charlotte Wolley Dod, Olaia Subira, Bernat Planas Pascual, Esther Toro Tamargo, Marcos Madruga Garrido, José David Medina Romero, Marta Peña Salinas, Andrés Nascimento Osorio, Ana Díaz Cortés, Enrique Jiménez Gañan, Simone Dowon Suh, Julita Medina Cantillo, Obdulia Moya, Nuria Padros, Sandra Roca Urraca, Hugo Gonzalez Valdivia, Samuel Pascual Pascual, Sofía de Manuel, Susana Noval Martin, Paul Burnham, Sandra Espinosa, Mercedes Martinez Moreno, Haluk Topaloglu, Ibrahim Oncel, Nesibe Eroglu Ertugru, Bahadir Konuskan, Bora Eldem, Sibel Kadayifçilar, Ipek Alemdaroglu, Aynur Ayse Karaduman, Oznur Tunca Yilmaz, Neslihan Bilgin, Seher Sari, Claudia Chiriboga, John J. Lee, Donnielle Rome-Martin, John W. Day, Shannon Beres, Tina Duong, Richard Gee, Sally Dunaway Young, Sabine Fuerst-Recktenwald, Anne Marquet, Nicoletta Muelhardt, and Dylan Trundell

Subjects
Adult, Risdiplam, spinal muscular atrophy, Adolescent, Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Young Adult, Pyrimidines, Settore MED/39 - NEUROPSICHIATRIA INFANTILE, Double-Blind Method, Child, Preschool, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Child, Preschool, Azo Compounds, Aged
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Risdiplam is an oral small molecule approved for the treatment of patients with spinal muscular atrophy, with approval for use in patients with type 2 and type 3 spinal muscular atrophy granted on the basis of unpublished data. The drug modifies pre-mRNA splicing of the SMN2 gene to increase production of functional SMN. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of risdiplam in patients with type 2 or non-ambulant type 3 spinal muscular atrophy. METHODS: In this phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients aged 2-25 years with confirmed 5q autosomal recessive type 2 or type 3 spinal muscular atrophy were recruited from 42 hospitals in 14 countries across Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. Participants were eligible if they were non-ambulant, could sit independently, and had a score of at least 2 in entry item A of the Revised Upper Limb Module. Patients were stratified by age and randomly assigned (2:1) to receive either daily oral risdiplam, at a dose of 5·00 mg (for individuals weighing =20 kg) or 0·25 mg/kg (for individuals weighing

Published
2022

2. Safety and efficacy of risdiplam in patients with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (FIREFISH part 2): secondary analyses from an open-label trial

Author

Riccardo Masson, Maria Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska, Kristy Rose, Laurent Servais, Hui Xiong, Edmar Zanoteli, Giovanni Baranello, Claudio Bruno, John W Day, Nicolas Deconinck, Andrea Klein, Eugenio Mercuri, Dmitry Vlodavets, Yi Wang, Angela Dodman, Muna El-Khairi, Ksenija Gorni, Birgit Jaber, Heidemarie Kletzl, Eleni Gaki, Paulo Fontoura, Basil T Darras, Joseph J Volpe, John Posner, Ulrich Kellner, Rosaline Quinlivan, Marianne Gerber, Omar Khwaja, Renata S Scalco, Timothy Seabrook, Armin Koch, Irina Balikova, Inge Joniau, Geraldine Accou, Valentine Tahon, Sylvia Wittevrongel, Elke De Vos, Rodrigo de Holanda Mendonça, Ciro Matsui Jr, Ana Letícia Fornazieri Darcie, Cleide Machado, Maria Kiyoko Oyamada, Joyce Martini, Graziela Polido, Juliana Rodrigues Iannicelli, Juliana Caires de Oliveira Achili Ferreira, Chaoping Hu, Xiaomei Zhu, Chen Qian, Li Shen, Hui Li, Yiyun Shi, Shuizhen Zhou, Ying Xiao, Zhenxuan Zhou, Sujuan Wang, Tian Sang, Cuijie Wei, Hui Dong, Yiwen Cao, Jing Wen, Wenzhu Li, Lun Qin, Nina Barisic, Ivan Celovec, Martina Galiot Delic, Petra Kristina Ivkic, Nenad Vukojevic, Ivana Kern, Boris Najdanovic, Marin Skugor, Josipa Tomas, Odile Boespflug-Tanguy, Silvana De Lucia, Andrea Seferian, Emmanuel Barreau, Nabila Mnafek, Helene Peche, Allison Grange, Diem Trang Nguyen, Darko Milascevic, Shotaro Tachibana, Emanuela Pagliano, Stefania Bianchi Marzoli, Diletta Santarsiero, Myriam Garcia Sierra, Gemma Tremolada, Maria Teresa Arnoldi, Marta Vigano, Claudia Dosi, Riccardo Zanin, Veronica Schembri, Noemi Brolatti, Giuseppe Rao, Elisa Tassara, Simone Morando, Paola Tacchetti, Marina Pedemonte, Enrico Priolo, Lorenza Sposetti, Giacomo Pietro Comi, Alessandra Govoni, Silvia Gabriella Osnaghi, Valeria Minorini, Francesca Abbati, Federica Fassini, Michaela Foa, Amalia Lopopolo, Marika Pane, Concetta Palermo, Maria Carmela Pera, Giulia Maria Amorelli, Costanza Barresi, Guglielmo D'Amico, Lorenzo Orazi, Giorgia Coratti, Daniela Leone, Antonaci Laura, Roberto De Sanctis, Beatrice Berti, Naoki Kimura, Yasuhiro Takeshima, Hideki Shimomura, Tomoko Lee, Fumi Gomi, Takanobu Morimatsu, Toru Furukawa, Urszula Stodolska-Koberda, Agnieszka Waskowska, Jagoda Kolendo, Agnieszka Sobierajska-Rek, Sandra Modrzejewska, Anna Lemska, Evgenia Melnik, Svetlana Artemyeva, Natalya Leppenen, Nataliya Yupatova, Anastasya Monakhova, Yulia Papina, Olga Shidlovsckaia, Elena Litvinova, Cornelia Enzmann, Elea Galiart, Konstantin Gugleta, Christine Wondrusch Haschke, Haluk Topaloglu, Ibrahim Oncel, Nesibe Eroglu Ertugrul, Bahadir Konuskan, Bora Eldem, Sibel Kadayifçilar, Ipek Alemdaroglu, Seher Sari, Neslihan Bilgin, Aynur Ayse Karaduman, Fatma Gokcem Yildiz Sarikaya, Robert J Graham, Partha Ghosh, David Casavant, Alexis Levine, Rachael Titus, Amanda Engelbrekt, Lucia Ambrosio, Anne Fulton, Anna Maria Baglieri, Courtney Dias, Elizabeth Maczek, Amy Pasternak, Shannon Beres, Tina Duong, Richard Gee, Sally Young, Masson, R., Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska, M., Rose, K., Servais, L., Xiong, H., Zanoteli, E., Baranello, G., Bruno, C., Day, J. W., Deconinck, N., Klein, A., Mercuri, E., Vlodavets, D., Wang, Y., Dodman, A., El-Khairi, M., Gorni, K., Jaber, B., Kletzl, H., Gaki, E., Fontoura, P., Darras, B. T., Volpe, J. J., Posner, J., Kellner, U., Quinlivan, R., Gerber, M., Khwaja, O., Scalco, R. S., Seabrook, T., Koch, A., Balikova, I., Joniau, I., Accou, G., Tahon, V., Wittevrongel, S., De Vos, E., de Holanda Mendonca, R., Matsui Jr, C., Fornazieri Darcie, A. L., Machado, C., Kiyoko Oyamada, M., Martini, J., Polido, G., Rodrigues Iannicelli, J., Caires de Oliveira Achili Ferreira, J., Hu, C., Zhu, X., Qian, C., Shen, L., Li, H., Shi, Y., Zhou, S., Xiao, Y., Zhou, Z., Wang, S., Sang, T., Wei, C., Dong, H., Cao, Y., Wen, J., Li, W., Qin, L., Barisic, N., Celovec, I., Galiot Delic, M., Ivkic, P. K., Vukojevic, N., Kern, I., Najdanovic, B., Skugor, M., Tomas, J., Boespflug-Tanguy, O., De Lucia, S., Seferian, A., Barreau, E., Mnafek, N., Peche, H., Grange, A., Trang Nguyen, D., Milascevic, D., Tachibana, S., Pagliano, E., Bianchi Marzoli, S., Santarsiero, D., Garcia Sierra, M., Tremolada, G., Arnoldi, M. T., Vigano, M., Dosi, C., Zanin, R., Schembri, V., Brolatti, N., Rao, G., Tassara, E., Morando, S., Tacchetti, P., Pedemonte, M., Priolo, E., Sposetti, L., Comi, G. P., Govoni, A., Osnaghi, S. G., Minorini, V., Abbati, F., Fassini, F., Foa, M., Lopopolo, A., Pane, M., Palermo, C., Pera, M. C., Amorelli, G. M., Barresi, C., D'Amico, G., Orazi, L., Coratti, G., Leone, D., Laura, A., De Sanctis, R., Berti, B., Kimura, N., Takeshima, Y., Shimomura, H., Lee, T., Gomi, F., Morimatsu, T., Furukawa, T., Stodolska-Koberda, U., Waskowska, A., Kolendo, J., Sobierajska-Rek, A., Modrzejewska, S., Lemska, A., Melnik, E., Artemyeva, S., Leppenen, N., Yupatova, N., Monakhova, A., Papina, Y., Shidlovsckaia, O., Litvinova, E., Enzmann, C., Galiart, E., Gugleta, K., Wondrusch Haschke, C., Topaloglu, H., Oncel, I., Ertugrul, N. E., Konuskan, B., Eldem, B., Kadayifcilar, S., Alemdaroglu, I., Sari, S., Bilgin, N., Karaduman, A. A., Sarikaya, F. G. Y., Graham, R. J., Ghosh, P., Casavant, D., Levine, A., Titus, R., Engelbrekt, A., Ambrosio, L., Fulton, A., Baglieri, A. M., Dias, C., Maczek, E., Pasternak, A., Beres, S., Duong, T., Gee, R., and Young, S.

Subjects
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Pyrimidines, Settore MED/39 - NEUROPSICHIATRIA INFANTILE, Settore MED/48 - SCIENZE INFERMIERISTICHE E TECNICHE NEURO-PSICHIATRICHE E RIABILITATIVE, Humans, Infant, Neurology (clinical), Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood, Azo Compounds, spinal muscular atrophy
Abstract

Background: Risdiplam is an orally administered therapy that modifies pre-mRNA splicing of the survival of motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene and is approved for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. The FIREFISH study is investigating the safety and efficacy of risdiplam in treated infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy versus historical controls. The primary endpoint of part 2 of the FIREFISH study showed that infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy attained the ability to sit without support for at least 5 s after 12 months of treatment. Here, we report on the safety and efficacy of risdiplam in FIREFISH part 2 over 24 months of treatment. Methods: FIREFISH is an ongoing, multicentre, open-label, two-part study. In FIREFISH part 2, eligible infants (aged 1-7 months at enrolment, with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy, and two SMN2 gene copies) were enrolled in 14 hospitals in ten countries across Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. Risdiplam was orally administered once daily at 0·2 mg/kg for infants between 5 months and 2 years of age; once an infant reached 2 years of age, the dose was increased to 0·25 mg/kg. Infants younger than 5 months started at 0·04 mg/kg (infants between 1 month and 3 months old) or 0·08 mg/kg (infants between 3 months and 5 months old), and this starting dose was adjusted to 0·2 mg/kg once pharmacokinetic data were available for each infant. The primary and secondary endpoints included in the statistical hierarchy and assessed at month 12 have been reported previously. Here we present the remainder of the secondary efficacy endpoints that were included in the statistical hierarchy at month 24: the ability to sit without support for at least 30 s, to stand alone, and to walk alone, as assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition gross motor subscale. These three endpoints were compared with a performance criterion of 5% that was defined based on the natural history of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy; the results were considered statistically significant if the lower limit of the two-sided 90% CI was above the 5% threshold. FIREFISH is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02913482. Recruitment is closed; the 36-month extension period of the study is ongoing. Findings: Between March 13 and Nov 19, 2018, 41 infants were enrolled in FIREFISH part 2. After 24 months of treatment, 38 infants were ongoing in the study and 18 infants (44% [90% CI 31-58]) were able to sit without support for at least 30 s (p

Published
2022

3. Risdiplam-Treated Infants with Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy versus Historical Controls

Author

Darras, Basil T, Masson, Riccardo, Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska, Maria, Rose, Kristy, Xiong, Hui, Zanoteli, Edmar, Baranello, Giovanni, Bruno, Claudio, Vlodavets, Dmitry, Wang, Yi, El-Khairi, Muna, Gerber, Marianne, Gorni, Ksenija, Khwaja, Omar, Kletzl, Heidemarie, Scalco, Renata S, Fontoura, Paulo, Servais, Laurent, Joseph J, Volpe, John, Posner, Armin, Koch, Ulrich, Kellner, Rosaline, Quinlivan, Nicolas, Deconinck, Irina, Balikova, Patricia, Delbeke, Inge, Joniau, Valentine, Tahon, Sylvia, Wittevrongel, Elke De Vos, Rodrigo de Holanda Mendonça, Ciro Matsui Jr, Ana Letícia Fornazieri Darcie, Cleide, Machado, Maria Kiyoko Oyamada, Daniel de Souza Costa, Joyce, Martini, Graziela, Polido, Juliana Rodrigues Iannicelli, Juliana Caires de Oliveira Achili Ferreira, Chaoping, Hu, Yiyun, Shi, Shuizhen, Zhou, Xiaomei, Zhu, Chen, Qian, Shen, Li, Ying, Xiao, Zhenxuan, Zhou, Hui, Li, Sujuan, Wang, Tian, Sang, Cuijie, Wei, Jing, Wen, Yiwen, Cao, Wenzhu, Li, Lun, Qin, Nina, Barisic, Ivan, Celovec, Martina, Martina, Galiot, Delic, Petra Kristina Ivkić, Nenad, Vukojević, Ivana, Kern, Boris, Najdanovic, Marin, Skugor, Odile, Boespflug-Tanguy, Teresa, Gidaro, Andrea, Seferian, Emmanuel, Barreau, Elodie Da Cunha, Céline, Lambotin, Nabila, Mnafek, Helene, Peche, Stephanie, Gilabert, Allison, Grange, Charlotte, Lilien, Darko, Milascevic, Ariadna, Perticari, Shotaro, Tachibana, Emanuela, Pagliano, Stefania Bianchi Marzoli, Diletta, Santarsiero, Myriam Garcia Sierra, Gemma, Tremolada, Maria Teresa Arnoldi, Marta, Vigano, Riccardo, Zanin, Noemi, Brolatti, Marina, Pedemonte, Enrico, Priolo, Giuseppe, Rao, Enrica, Spaletra, Lorenza, Sposetti, Elisa, Tassara, Simone, Morando, Paola, Tacchetti, Giacomo Pietro Comi, Alessandra, Govoni, Silvia Gabriella Osnaghi, Valeria, Minorini, Francesca, Abbati, Federica, Fassini, Michaela, Foa, Amalia, Lopopolo, Elisa, Minuti, Mercuri, Eugenio Maria, Pane, Marika, Concetta, Palermo, Pera, Maria Carmela, Amorelli, Giulia Maria, Costanza, Barresi, Gugliemo, D'Amico, Orazi, Lorenzo, Coratti, Giorgia, De Sanctis, Roberto, Yasuhiro, Takeshima, Fumi, Gomi, Naoki, Kimura, Takanobu, Morimatsu, Mana, Okamoto, Toru, Furukawa, Mateusz, Koberda, Natalia, Kubiak, Urszula, Stodolska-Koberda, Agnieszka, Waśkowska, Jagoda, Kolendo, Agnieszka, Sobierajska-Rek, Svetlana, Artemyeva, Evgenia, Melnik, Natalya, Leppenen, Nataliya, Yupatova, Elena, Litvinova, Anastasya, Monakhova, Yulia, Papina, Olga, Shidlovsckaia, Andrea, Klein, Cornelia, Enzmann, Elea, Galiart, Konstantin, Gugleta, Patricia, Siems, Verena, Kreiliger, Christine Wondrusch Haschke, Haluk, Topaloglu, Ibrahim, Oncel, Didem, Ardicli, Nesibe Eroglu Ertugrul, Hizal, Gharibzadeh, Ceren, Gunbey, Bahadir, Konuskan, Selen Serel Arslan, Elams Ebru Yalcin, Fatma Gokcem Yildiz Sarikaya, Bora, Eldem, Sibel, Kadayıfçılar, Ipek, Alemdaroglu, Aynur Ayse Karaduman, Oznur Tunca Yilmaz, Robert, J Graham, Partha, Ghosh, David, Casavant, Brian, Snyder, Alexis, Levine, Rachael, Titus, Amanda, Engelbrekt, Lucia, Ambrosio, Anne, Fulton, Anna Maria Baglieri, Courtney, Dias, Elizabeth, Maczek, Elizabeth, Mirek, Amy, Pasternak, John, W Day, Shannon, Beres, Tina, Duong, Richard, Gee, Sally, Young, Darras, Basil T, Masson, Riccardo, Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska, Maria, Rose, Kristy, Xiong, Hui, Zanoteli, Edmar, Baranello, Giovanni, Bruno, Claudio, Vlodavets, Dmitry, Wang, Yi, El-Khairi, Muna, Gerber, Marianne, Gorni, Ksenija, Khwaja, Omar, Kletzl, Heidemarie, Scalco, Renata S, Fontoura, Paulo, Servais, Laurent, and Ambrosio, Lucia

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuromuscular disease, Risdiplam, Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy, treated infants, historical controls, MEDLINE, Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood, Severity of Illness Index, Text mining, Settore MED/39 - NEUROPSICHIATRIA INFANTILE, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, medicine, Humans, Progression-free survival, 610 Medicine & health, business.industry, Historically Controlled Study, Infant, General Medicine, Spinal muscular atrophy, SMA, medicine.disease, Progression-Free Survival, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Pyrimidines, Neuromuscular Agents, Motor Skills, Female, business, Azo Compounds
Abstract

BACKGROUND Type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disease characterized by an onset at 6 months of age or younger, an inability to sit without support, and deficient levels of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. Risdiplam is an orally administered small molecule that modifies SMN2 pre-messenger RNA splicing and increases levels of functional SMN protein in blood. METHODS We conducted an open-label study of risdiplam in infants with type 1 SMA who were 1 to 7 months of age at enrollment. Part 1 of the study (published previously) determined the dose to be used in part 2 (reported here), which assessed the efficacy and safety of daily risdiplam as compared with no treatment in historical controls. The primary end point was the ability to sit without support for at least 5 seconds after 12 months of treatment. Key secondary end points were a score of 40 or higher on the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND; range, 0 to 64, with higher scores indicating better motor function), an increase of at least 4 points from baseline in the CHOP-INTEND score, a motor-milestone response as measured by Section 2 of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE-2), and survival without permanent ventilation. For the secondary end points, comparisons were made with the upper boundary of 90% confidence intervals for natural-history data from 40 infants with type 1 SMA. RESULTS A total of 41 infants were enrolled. After 12 months of treatment, 12 infants (29%) were able to sit without support for at least 5 seconds, a milestone not attained in this disorder. The percentages of infants in whom the key secondary end points were met as compared with the upper boundary of confidence intervals from historical controls were 56% as compared with 17% for a CHOP-INTEND score of 40 or higher, 90% as compared with 17% for an increase of at least 4 points from baseline in the CHOP-INTEND score, 78% as compared with 12% for a HINE-2 motor-milestone response, and 85% as compared with 42% for survival without permanent ventilation (P

Published
2021

4. Risdiplam in Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Author

Baranello, Giovanni, Darras, Basil T, Day, John W, Deconinck, Nicolas, Klein, Andrea, Masson, Riccardo, Mercuri, Eugenio Maria, Rose, Kristy, El-Khairi, Muna, Gerber, Marianne, Gorni, Ksenija, Khwaja, Omar, Kletzl, Heidemarie, Scalco, Renata S, Seabrook, Timothy, Fontoura, Paulo, Servais, Laurent, FIREFISH Working Group: Joseph, J Volpe, John, Posner, Armin, Koch, Ulrich, Kellner, Rosaline, Quinlivan, Irina, Balikova, Patricia, Delbeke, Inge, Joniau, Valentine, Tahon, Sylvia, Wittevrongel, Elke De Vos, Edmar, Zanoteli, Rodrigo de Holanda Mendonça, Ciro Matsui Jr, Ana Letícia Fornazieri Darcie, Cleide, Machado, Maria Kiyoko Oyamada, Daniel de Souza Costa, Joyce, Martini, Graziela, Polido, Juliana Rodrigues Iannicelli, Juliana Caires de Oliveira Achili Ferreira, Wang, Yi, Chaoping, Hu, Yiyun, Shi, Shuizhen, Zhou, Xiaomei, Zhu, Chen, Qian, Shen, Li, Ying, Xiao, Zhenxuan, Zhou, Hui, Li, Sujuan, Wang, Hui, Xiong, Tian, Sang, Cuijie, Wei, Jing, Wen, Yiwen, Cao, Wenzhu, Li, Lun, Qin, Nina, Barisic, Ivan, Celovec, Martina Galiot Delic, Petra Kristina Ivkić, Nenad, Vukojević, Ivana, Kern, Boris, Najdanovic, Marin, Skugor, Odile, Boespflug-Tanguy, Teresa, Gidaro, Andrea, Seferian, Emmanuel, Barreau, Elodie Da Cunha, Céline, Lambotin, Nabila, Mnafek, Helene, Peche, Stephanie, Gilabert, Allison, Grange, Charlotte, Lilien, Darko, Milascevic, Ariadna, Perticari, Shotaro, Tachibana, Emanuela, Pagliano, Bianchi Marzoli, Stefania, Diletta, Santarsiero, Myriam Garcia Sierra, Gemma, Tremolada, Maria Teresa Arnoldi, Marta, Vigano, Riccardo, Zanin, Bissoli, Claudio Bruno, Noemi, Brolatti, Marina, Pedemonte, Enrico, Priolo, Giuseppe, Rao, Enrica, Spaletra, Lorenza, Sposetti, Elisa, Tassara, Simone, Morando, Paola, Tacchetti, Giacomo Pietro Comi, Alessandra, Govoni, Silvia Gabriella Osnaghi, Valeria, Minorini, Francesca, Abbati, Federica, Fassini, Michaela, Foa, Amalia, Lopopolo, Elisa, Minuti, Pane, Marika, Concetta, Palermo, Pera, Maria Carmela, Amorelli, Giulia Maria, Costanza, Barresi, Gugliemo, D'Amico, Orazi, Lorenzo, Coratti, Giorgia, De Sanctis, Roberto, Yasuhiro, Takeshima, Fumi, Gomi, Naoki, Kimura, Takanobu, Morimatsu, Mana, Okamoto, Toru, Furukawa, Maria, Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska, Mateusz, Koberda, Natalia, Kubiak, Urszula, Stodolska-Koberda, Agnieszka, Waśkowska, Jagoda, Kolendo, Agnieszka, Sobierajska-Rek, Dmitry, Vlodavets, Svetlana, Artemyeva, Evgenia, Melnik, Natalya, Leppenen, Nataliya, Yupatova, Elena, Litvinova, Anastasya, Monakhova, Yulia, Papina, Olga, Shidlovsckaia, Cornelia, Enzmann, Elea, Galiart, Konstantin, Gugleta, Patricia, Siems, Verena, Kreiliger, Christine Wondrusch Haschke, Haluk, Topaloglu, Ibrahim, Oncel, Didem, Ardicli, Nesibe Eroglu Ertugrul, Hizal, Gharibzadeh, Ceren, Gunbey, Bahadir, Konuskan, Selen Serel Arslan, Elams Ebru Yalcin, Fatma Gokcem Yildiz Sarikaya, Bora, Eldem, Sibel, Kadayıfçılar, Ipek, Alemdaroglu, Aynur Ayse Karaduman, Oznur Tunca Yilmaz, Lucia, Ambrosio, Anne, Fulton, Anna Maria Baglieri, Courtney, Dias, Elizabeth, Maczek, Elizabeth, Mirek, Amy, Pasternak, Shannon, Beres, Tina, Duong, Richard, Gee, Sally, Young, Giovanni, Baranello, Basil T, Darra, John W, Day, Nicolas, Deconinck, Andrea, Klein, Riccardo, Masson, Eugenio, Mercuri, Kristy, Rose, Muna, El-Khairi, Marianne, Gerber, Ksenija, Gorni, Omar, Khwaja, Heidemarie, Kletzl, Renata S, Scalco, Timothy, Seabrook, Paulo, Fontoura, Laurent, Servai, and Ambrosio, Lucia

Subjects
Male, Oral, Neuromuscular disease, RNA Splicing, Administration, Oral, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood, Bioinformatics, Dose-Response Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Settore MED/39 - NEUROPSICHIATRIA INFANTILE, medicine, Humans, Risdiplam, Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Progression-free survival, 610 Medicine & health, Respiratory Tract Infections, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Infant, Survival of motor neuron, General Medicine, Spinal muscular atrophy, medicine.disease, Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein, Progression-Free Survival, Clinical trial, Dose–response relationship, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Pyrimidines, nervous system, Neuromuscular Agents, RNA splicing, Administration, Female, Drug, business, Respiratory Insufficiency, Azo Compounds
Abstract

Background: Type 1 spinal muscular atrophy is a rare, progressive neuromuscular disease that is caused by low levels of functional survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. Risdiplam is an orally administered, small molecule that modifies SMN2 pre-messenger RNA splicing and increases levels of functional SMN protein. Methods: We report the results of part 1 of a two-part, phase 2-3, open-label study of risdiplam in infants 1 to 7 months of age who had type 1 spinal muscular atrophy, which is characterized by the infant not attaining the ability to sit without support. Primary outcomes were safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (including the blood SMN protein concentration), and the selection of the risdiplam dose for part 2 of the study. Exploratory outcomes included the ability to sit without support for at least 5 seconds. Results: A total of 21 infants were enrolled. Four infants were in a low-dose cohort and were treated with a final dose at month 12 of 0.08 mg of risdiplam per kilogram of body weight per day, and 17 were in a high-dose cohort and were treated with a final dose at month 12 of 0.2 mg per kilogram per day. The baseline median SMN protein concentrations in blood were 1.31 ng per milliliter in the low-dose cohort and 2.54 ng per milliliter in the high-dose cohort; at 12 months, the median values increased to 3.05 ng per milliliter and 5.66 ng per milliliter, respectively, which represented a median of 3.0 times and 1.9 times the baseline values in the low-dose and high-dose cohorts, respectively. Serious adverse events included pneumonia, respiratory tract infection, and acute respiratory failure. At the time of this publication, 4 infants had died of respiratory complications. Seven infants in the high-dose cohort and no infants in the low-dose cohort were able to sit without support for at least 5 seconds. The higher dose of risdiplam (0.2 mg per kilogram per day) was selected for part 2 of the study. Conclusions: In infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy, treatment with oral risdiplam led to an increased expression of functional SMN protein in the blood. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02913482.).

Published
2021

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