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• The external magnetic field dramatically improved the analysis sensitivity of paper-based PEC biochip. • Electron spin polarization boosted photoinduced charge separation in sulfur-defected CdIn 2 S 4 /FeOOH and ferromagnetic ZnFe 2 O 4. • The ferromagnetic ZnFe 2 O 4 nanosphere was utilized as a multiple signal amplifier with strong quenching effects. • Enzymatic catalytic precipitation reaction was introduced for ultrasensitive detection of chlorpyrifos in real samples. Efficient carrier separation plays an utterly pivotal role in enhancing the sensitivity of photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis. Here we report a concise yet powerful strategy of electron spin polarization induced by magnetic stimulation, to effectively modulate the efficiency of charge separation in a paper-based PEC (μ-PEC) sensing system. The electronic configuration of the sulfur-defected CdIn 2 S 4 /FeOOH photoactive matrix and ferromagnetic ZnFe 2 O 4 signal label were regulated via the electron parallel alignment along with spin state flip and reconstruction at particular active sites under external magnetic field, significantly facilitating the separation of photoinduced carriers. As a proof-of-concept application, the magnetic-triggerable spin-state reconfiguration coupled with enzymatic catalytic precipitation reaction was developed for detection of chlorpyrifos with a wide linear range of 10-2.5-106 ng mL−1 and low detection limit of 0.67 pg mL−1. This work provides the basis for understanding the role of magnetic stimulus in tailoring charge separation and constructing a universal strategy for high performance μ-PEC bioanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory, this paper investigates the electronic structure and magnetic properties of the Heusler alloy Mn2LiGe bulk and its (001) surfaces. The Mn2LiGe bulk is demonstrated to be inverse Heusler alloy with space group of F43m and lattice constant of 5. 87 Å. A direct band gap with a width of 1. 1 eV near the Fermi surface of the spin-down channel is detected. The Mn2LiGe bulk possesses stable half-metallic and magnetism in the lattice constant range of 5. 55 - 6. 33 Å. In addition, six different surface structures of Mn2LiGe are constructed in this paper. The first layer atoms on the surface undergo different displacements, increasing the surface roughness. Due to surface effects, the magnetic properties of atoms on the surface are different compared to those in the bulk. Both the MnA MnA and MnB MnB surface structures have the highest magnetic moments, while the LiLi and the GeGe surface structures have the lowest magnetic moments. Electronic structure calculations show that the half-metallic band gap present in the bulk is destroyed in all six surface structures and the spin polarization is weakened in varying degrees. Only the LiLi surface structure maintains up to 99. 9% of the surface spin polarization, making the surface an excellent prospect for applications in spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigated the spin transport properties of binuclear manganese phthalocyanine (M n 2 P c 2) spintronic devices sandwiched between two nickel electrodes using the non-equilibrium Green's function method in combination with density functional theory. Based on the calculation results, the M n 2 P c 2 device exhibited excellent spin-filtering capabilities, demonstrating an exceptionally high spin filter efficiency (SFE). Irrespective of the parallel or antiparallel orientation of magnetization in the electrodes, we observed that when both manganese atoms were in a spin-up state, the SFE of spin-resolved currents under finite bias and the thermoelectric currents induced by temperature gradients at fixed temperatures were both close to 100%. The large spin Seebeck polarization of the M n 2 P c 2 device was also obtained at low reference temperatures. This study explores the potential for developing multifunctional spintronic single-molecule devices using Ni − M n 2 P c 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Moore's law appears to be coming to an end due to technological and physical constraints, as complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors become smaller and closer to the atomic scale. Therefore, various emerging technologies are being researched as potential successors to traditional CMOS transistors, and one of the most exciting candidates is the magnetoelectric spin-orbit (MESO) device. The MESO device comprises two portions (input and output) and it cascades charge/voltage as input and output signals. In the MESO device's output portion, ferromagnetic (FM) and high-spin-orbit-coupling layers are employed to provide spin-polarized current and charge/voltage output. In this paper, we offer a description and analysis of the operating mechanism of the MESO device's output portion using a spin flow approach and propose a double-FM-layer structure. In the double-FM-layer structure, we implement two FM layers with antiparallel magnetization directions, instead of using a single-FM-layer structure to increase the output charge/voltage. The proposed structure is verified through the Verilog-A compact model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron transport through a variety of helical structures has been shown to exhibit high-efficiency spin filtering, which is called chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS). In this paper, we consider a helical chain of atomic p orbitals, which has been employed as a model in exploring the mechanism of CISS in previous theories, and show that the interatomic hopping along the helical chain induces an effective magnetic field (EMF) acting on the atomic orbital angular momentum (OAM). In chains where the curvature and torsion of the helix are small, we find that the EMF on the binormal component of the atomic OAM is created by the curvature, while that on the tangential component is produced by the torsion. We show that such coupling of the atomic OAM and the interatomic hopping leads to current-induced orbital and spin polarizations. We expect that the present coupling, which is expressed locally, can be used to estimate orbital and spin polarizations locally induced in molecules and solids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A K–Rb– 83 Kr-based atomic comagnetometer for performing movement-related Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is theoretically studied in this paper. Parameters such as the spin-exchange rates, the spin-dephasing rates and the polarization of the nuclear spins are studied to configure the comagnetometer. The results show that the nuclear spin can generate a magnetic field of around 700 nT, at which the nuclear spin can compensate for a wide range of magnetic fields. In this paper, we also show the fabrication process for hybrid optical-pumping vapor cells, whereby alkali metals are mixed in a glove box that is then connected to the alkali vapor-cell fabrication system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we outline a physically motivated framework for describing spin-selective recombination processes in chiral systems, from which we derive spin-selective reaction operators for recombination reactions of donor–bridge–acceptor molecules, where the electron transfer is mediated by chirality and spin–orbit coupling. In general, the recombination process is selective only for spin-coherence between singlet and triplet states, and it is not, in general, selective for spin polarization. We find that spin polarization selectivity only arises in hopping-mediated electron transfer. We describe how this effective spin-polarization selectivity is a consequence of spin-polarization generated transiently in the intermediate state. The recombination process also augments the coherent spin dynamics of the charge separated state, which is found to have a significant effect on the recombination dynamics and to destroy any long-lived spin polarization. Although we only consider a simple donor–bridge–acceptor system, the framework we present here can be straightforwardly extended to describe spin-selective recombination processes in more complex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valleytronics has attracted much attention due to its potential applications in information progress and data storage. In this paper, monolayer Cr2S3 is proven to be a ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductor by using first-principles calculations. Moreover, monolayer Cr2S3 exhibits a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy of 30 μeV/f.u. Surprisingly, monolayer Cr2S3 presents spontaneous valley polarization, which means that it will be nonvolatile for data storage. Notably, monolayer Cr2S3 changes to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) state from the original FM state under biaxial tensile strain, and its easy axis will be reorientated from out-of-plane to in-plane when the compressive strain is larger than −2%. Importantly, for AFM monolayer Cr2S3, the valley polarization reversion can be realized by an external electric field along the z direction. In brief, valley polarization has been achieved in both FM and AFM monolayer Cr2S3, which is very rare in other valleytronics research. The present research provides a tantalizing candidate for realizing and manipulating valley and spin physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic materials with high negative spin polarization have been sought as a building block to increase the design freedom and performance of spintronics devices. In this paper, we investigate negative spin polarization of Mn2VGa Heusler alloy in current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) devices. We fabricated an epitaxial CPP-GMR stack consisting of Mn2VGa/Ag/CoFe with L21 ordering in the Mn2VGa layer and observed negative magnetoresistance (MR), which provided evidence of negative spin polarization. The MR ratio depended on thermal treatments (deposition at an elevated temperature and post-annealing), because these processes affected the ordering, roughness, and magnetic properties of Mn2VGa. The maximum MR ratio reached −1.8% at room temperature and −3.0% at low temperatures, representing the highest among the negative MR values in pseudo-spin-valve CPP-GMR devices despite the underestimation due to an incomplete antiparallel magnetization configuration. These findings demonstrate the potential of Mn2VGa for a material with high negative spin polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have explored the electronic and magnetic properties of MS2(M = Co , Ni) using first-principles calculations. Our data show rather high tunability of the electronic and magnetic properties of the alloy Co 1 − x NixS2 (0. 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. 0) with the emergence of half-metallicity that persisted up to the intermediate doping concentration. The half-metallic ground state is characterized by large spin polarization at the Fermi level ( E F ). Beyond the critical doping concentration x ∼ 0. 6 , we obtained a metallic solution followed by an antiferromagnetic ground state at a larger doping concentration. This study provides the underlying physics to understand the low-energy Hilbert space and reports the role of the Fermi surface in controlling the electron transport and thus elucidating the anomalous electronic and magnetic behavior of Co 1 − x NixS2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization and spin correlations have been studied in detail for top quarks at the LHC, but have been explored very little for the other flavors of quarks. In this paper we consider the processes pp → with q = b, c or s. Utilizing the partial preservation of the quark's spin information in baryons in the jet produced by the quark, we examine possible analysis strategies for ATLAS and CMS to measure the quark polarization and spin correlations. We find polarization measurements for the b and c quarks to be feasible, even with the currently available datasets. Spin correlation measurements for are possible using the CMS Run 2 parked data, while such measurements for will become possible with higher integrated luminosity. For the s quark, we find the measurements to be challenging with the standard triggers. We also provide leading-order QCD predictions for the polarization and spin correlations expected in the and samples with the cuts envisioned for the above analyses. Apart from establishing experimentally the existence of spin correlations in and systems produced in pp collisions, the proposed measurements can provide new information on the polarization transfer from quarks to baryons and might even be sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometers have promising applications in both inertial navigation and fundamental physics experiments. However, the fluctuation in the spin polarization caused by the probe beam has a non-negligible influence on the co-magnetometer signal. In this paper, a theoretical model containing three parameters of the probe beam is established by extending the coupled Bloch equation. Based on this model, the influence of probe power density on the transient and steady-state response of the SERF co-magnetometer is analyzed. According to the transient response model, a new measurement method for transverse optical pumping of the probe beam is proposed. Then, for the steady-state response model, a steady-state error suppression method is suggested by adjusting the degree of circular polarization of the probe beam. Eventually, the suppression method is used to refine the SERF co-magnetometer, achieving a suppression rate of 70.31% in transverse electron spin polarization fluctuations, thus improving the co-magnetometer to a stability of 0.0079∘ h−1. To our knowledge, this is better than what has been reported so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic proximity effect is significant for atomically thin layers of two-dimensional materials. In this paper, we study the mechanisms of photogeneration spin-polarized carriers in graphene on a magnetic insulator. The magnetic proximity effect and lowered symmetry at the interface enhance the spin response of graphene in the alternating electric field of the incident light. The first leads to spin splitting of the linear spectrum of Dirac electrons. The second increases the role of the spin-orbit interaction. The main mechanisms of photogenerated spin polarization have been considered, including spin flip intersubband and interband transitions, and their contribution to the absorption coefficient of graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) half-metallic magnets are expected to achieve breakthroughs in the field of spintronics and quantum computation due to their 100% spin polarization and non-dissipative ballistic transport characteristics. However, the current availability of practical applications for these materials is limited. In this paper, a new 2D material NiVS6As2 is predicted based on density functional theory (DFT). It has a ferromagnetic ground state with a high Curie temperature, TC = 150 K and half-semi-metal (HSM) band structure protected by a structural symmetry degeneracy point on the Fermi surface, which can be controlled by an electric field and strain. When an out-of-plane electric field is applied, NiVS6As2 shows a Chern insulator with a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect. These results expand the family of 2D magnetic semimetals, and provide new theoretical inspiration for understanding the protection of degenerate point symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the structural, electronic, magnetic, and half-metallic properties of full-Heusler alloys Mn2ZrX (X = As , Bi) in the Hg2CuTi-type structure have been studied by using the first-principles-based density functional theory (DFT) with the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method. Mn2ZrX (X = As , Bi) compounds are found to be half-metallic ferrimagnets. The calculated total magnetic moments of the Mn2ZrX (X = As , Bi) alloys are estimated at 01 μ B according to the Slater–Pauling rule of M tot = ( Z tot –24) μ B . It was discovered that Mn2ZrAs and Mn2ZrBi maintained their half-metallicity for a lattice constant interval of 5.72 to 6.26 Å and 6.33 to 6.62 Å, respectively, and present a maximum degree of spin polarization at the Fermi level. In addition, the predicted formation energy and elastic parameters show that these materials are mechanically stable. All of these results indicate that these new Mn2-based heusler alloys are able to be the candidates for spintronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of spin and polarization effects in ultra-high intensity laser–plasma and laser–beam interactions has become an emergent topic in high-field science recently. In this paper, we derive a relativistic kinetic description of spin-polarized plasmas, where quantum-electrodynamics effects are taken into account via Boltzmann-type collision operators under the local constant field approximation. The emergence of anomalous precession is derived from one-loop self-energy contributions in a strong background field. We are interested, in particular, in the interplay between radiation reaction effects and the spin polarization of the radiating particles. For this, we derive equations for spin-polarized quantum radiation reaction from moments of the spin-polarized kinetic equations. By comparing with the classical theory, we identify and discuss the spin-dependent radiation reaction terms and radiative contributions to spin dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spin momentum non-orthogonality in 3D topological insulators leads to modification of the spin texture and brings in an out-of-plane spin polarization component. Apart from the spin texture, the anomalous thermoelectric properties of these materials are worth studying. In this paper, we have pointed out that the off resonant light used to irradiate the surface states, induces a gap, which becomes momentum dependent due to the presence of non-orthogonal terms in the Hamiltonian. Importantly, to maintain the off resonant condition of light, the momentum value should satisfy a bound. Furthermore, the momentum dependent gap causes a topological transition at a higher value of momentum, which is important to analyse the unusual double peak structure of the Nernst and electrical conductivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a theoretical study of the thermoelectric effect in a quantum dot (QD) side-coupled to Majorana bound states (MBSs) formed at the two ends of a Rashba nanowire. In the low-temperature regime favorable for the preparation of MBSs, the magnitude of the thermopower and figure of merit (FOM) are both enhanced by two or three orders of magnitude upon optimizing the QD-MBS coupling strength. In addition, the sign of the thermopower can be reversed by changing the QD-MBS coupling strength, a phenomenon that may be useful for detecting MBSs. The direct overlap between the MBSs also changes the sign of the thermopower and suppresses the magnitude of the FOM at low temperature. However, such an overlap has little influence on the thermopower and FOM at high temperature. In the presence of Zeeman splitting in the QD, the peaks corresponding to spin-up and spin-down thermopowers shift in opposite directions in the QD energy-level space, resulting in a large 100% spin polarization and pure spin thermopower that is crucial in spin caloritronics. Finally, the spin (charge) FOMs are enhanced (reduced) by increasing the Zeeman splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper explores the structural, electronic, magnetic, elastic, dynamic, and thermoelectric properties of sp-based half-Heusler (HH) RbBaX (X = Si and Ge) compounds using density functional theory (DFT) and the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within the WIEN2k software package. We evaluate the exchange correlation potential using two different approaches: The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the modified Becke–Johnson approach. We observe that RbBaX (X = Si and Ge) adopts a ferromagnetic configuration based on the analysis of total energy against volume. We establish that these alloys possess a genuine half-metallic character because of the full spin polarization observed at the Fermi level in their electronic spectrum. Both compounds under investigation have a total magnetic moment of 1.00 μ B, in agreement with the Slater–Pauling principle. The Born stability criteria for cubic structures and phonon dispersion patterns confirm the mechanical and dynamic stability of RbBaX (X = Si and Ge) alloys. The thermoelectric properties reveal a p-type semiconductor nature, characterized by significant positive Seebeck values. The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) calculated for both alloys at 300 K approaches unity, highlighting their remarkable thermoelectric efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inherently low spin polarization of ferromagnetism in two-dimensional C3N hinders its application in spintronics. Addressing this, the impact of (V, Cu) co-doping on the spin polarization in monolayer C3N has been systemically explored through first-principles calculations. The results reveal that doping with a single V or Cu atom at an N site significantly enhances spin polarization compared to doping at a C site. Moreover, substituting a single C or N atom with a V atom results in significantly enhanced spin polarization compared to replacement with a Cu atom. Significantly, V and Cu co-doping at different N sites in C3N systems uniformly favors ferromagnetic states. A remarkable boost in spin polarization is achieved through strategic co-doping of V and Cu at N sites, separated by a distance of 5.681 Å. This enhancement is attributed to the coupling interactions among the C 2p, N 2p, Cu 3d, and V 3d orbitals. The theoretical investigation suggests an effective route to greatly enhance the spin polarization through targeted 3d transition metal co-doping, contributing to the development of high-performance spintronic devices and advancing quantum computing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization has opened a new physics chapter in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Since the first prediction and experimental observation of global spin polarization, a lot of progress has been made in understanding its features, both at experimental and theoretical levels. In this paper, we give an overview on the recent advances in this field. The covered topics include a review of measurements of global and local spin polarization of hyperons and the global spin alignment of vector meson's. We account for the basic theoretical framework to describe spin polarization in a relativistic fluid such as the Quark–Gluon Plasma, including statistical quantum field theory and local thermodynamic equilibrium, spin hydrodynamics, relativistic kinetic theory with spin and coalescence models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The employment of spin polarization under an external magnetic field holds great potential for the improvements of photocatalytic performance. However, owing to the huge difference in dielectric properties between ferromagnetic oxide and polymers, the photogenerated excitons with spin states are often limited to the ferromagnetic oxide wells, which leads to unsatisfactory activity. In this paper, a single-atom Co-doped C3N4 photocatalyst is successfully synthesized for photocatalytic water splitting and simultaneous oxidation of benzylamine. Under a tiny external magnetic field (24.5 mT), the hydrogen production rate could reach at 3979.0 µmol·g−1·h−1, which is about 340 times that of C3N4. Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that the interaction of Co d and N p orbital changes the symmetry center of C3N4, resulting in an increase in dielectric constant and spin polarization. Moreover, magnetic fields further promote parallel electron spin, and the increased number of charges with the parallel spin-down state is likely to dissociate under the action of an external magnetic field. On the other hand, the Co-N bond provides a huge built-in electric field and active site for strengthening the charge transfer and surface reaction. This work not only deepens the understanding of spin polarization, but also enriches methods to accelerate electron-hole separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) have received increasing attention due to their sustainable, efficient, and green advantages. However, at present, the research on carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based NRR catalysts is very limited. In this paper, using FeN3@(n, 0) CNTs (n = 3 ~ 10) as the representative catalysts, we demonstrate that the CNT curvatures will affect the spin polarization of the catalytic active centers, the activation of the adsorbed N2 molecules and the Gibbs free energy barriers for the formation of the critical intermediates in the NRR processes, thus changing the catalytic performance of CNT-based catalysts. Zigzag (8, 0) CNT was taken as the optimal substrate, and twenty transition metal atoms (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, W, Re, Ir, and Pt) were embedded into (8, 0) CNT via N3 group to construct the NRR catalysts. Their electrocatalytic performance for NRR were examined using DFT calculations, and TcN3@(8, 0) CNT was screened out as the best candidate with a low onset potential of − 0.53 V via the distal mechanism, which is superior to the molecules- or graphene-support Tc catalysts. Further electronic properties analysis shows that the high NRR performance of TcN3@(8, 0) CNT originates from the strong d-2π* interaction between the N2 molecule and Tc atom. TcN3@(8, 0) CNT also exhibits higher selectivity for NRR than the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process. The present work not only provides a promising catalyst for NRR, but also open up opportunities for further exploring of low-dimensional carbon-based high efficiency electrochemical NRR catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a theoretical study on the effects of selected defects (oxygen vacancies and substitutional FeZn atoms) on the structural and electronic properties of a 2D ZnO/graphene heterostructure. Spin-polarized Hubbard- and dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) was used to optimize the geometrical configurations of the heterostructure and to analyze the equilibrium distance, interlayer distance, adhesion energy, and bond lengths. Charge density difference (CDD) analysis and band structure calculations were also performed to study the electronic properties of the heterostructure. The results show that the presence of defects affects the interlayer distance and adhesion energy, with structures including oxygen vacancies and FeZn substitutional atoms having the strongest interaction with graphene. It is demonstrated that the oxygen vacancies generate localized defect states in the ZnO bandgap and lead to a shift of both valence and conduction band positions, affecting the Schottky barrier. In contrast, Fe dopants induce strong spin polarization and high spin density localized on Fe atoms and their adjacent oxygen neighbors as well as the spin asymmetry of Schottky barriers in 2D ZnO/graphene. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the effects of graphene on the electronic and adsorption properties of 2D ZnO/graphene heterostructures. The changes in electronic properties induced by oxygen vacancies and Fe dopants can enhance the sensitivity and catalytic activity of the 2D ZnO/graphene system, making it a promising material for sensing and catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the structural, electronic and optical characteristics of Platinum (Pt)-doped cubic BaTiO 3 perovskite were inspected via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and Pedraw–Wang 91 (PW91) functional, as applied in CASTEP code, provide an atomic level understanding of the influence of substituting 0.125 Pt dopant at Ba and Ti positions. Results indicate that the optimized lattice parameters and band gap are in good agreement with the experimental and theoretical data. Furthermore, the total and projected density of states (TPDOSs) analysis demonstrates that Pt–dopant integration has an impact on diminishing the band gap and shifting the absorption spectra towards the visible light region. Thus, it is suggested that substituting Ti and Ba atoms with Pt would enhance the optoelectronic characteristics of the host system, due to existing Pt–5d electronic states. Moreover, the negative formation energy values indicate the thermodynamic stability of the modeled configurations. These detailed results provide valuable insights into the physical properties of Pt–BaTiO 3 and its behavior across a range of photon wavelengths. To our knowledge, this contribution evaluates for the first time the influence of introducing platinum (Pt) into a BaTiO 3 perovskite system. The overall findings demonstrate a valuable appraisal of support for experimental synthesis of Pt–BaTiO 3 to serve in various optoelectronic devices.

This paper studies the quark condensate, magnetic moment, magnetic polarization, and magnetic susceptibility in a strong external magnetic field by employing the Dyson–Schwinger equations (DSE). The results show these physical quantities as functions of the magnetic field. We note that the quark's spin polarizations are approximately proportional to the magnetic field magnitude. For comparison, we investigate the magnetic moments and susceptibility of the nucleon in the constituent quark model framework and demonstrate that both these quantities increase as the magnetic field rises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the application of magnetic fields to chiral chemical systems has been rewarding. In a forward‐looking 1986 paper, 'Chiral Metals?', Wallis, Karrer, and Jack D. Dunitz forecast 'that the limitation to proper symmetry elements in a chiral conductor could be associated with the emergence of new properties, those connected with interactions between applied electric and magnetic fields and their internal counterparts.' This was a prescient remark, but it has become manifest in ways that would not have been foreseen in its details by the authors. Here are reviewed the development of chiral conductors broadly imagined by Dunitz and coworkers, based on enantiopure tetrathiafulvalene derivatives that restrict space groups to those that have only symmetry operations of the first kind, as well as the new emergent properties associated with the transport of electrons when magnetic fields are applied to chiral crystals among other systems. These include electrical magnetochiral anisotropy (eMChA), inverse electrical magnetochiral anisotropy (ieMChA), helimagnetism and chirality induced spin selectivity (CISS). The conclusion discussing the circumstances under which achiral TTF crystals becomes chiral, only seems to introduce an oxymoron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zero-field optically pumped magnetometers operating in the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime have been extensively studied, and usually depend on zeroth-order parametric resonance to measure the magnetic field. However, the studies conducted on this topic lack thorough analyses and in-depth discussion of nonzero-order magnetic resonances in single-beam SERF magnetometers. In this paper, we analyzed the nonzero-order resonance, especially the first-order resonance, based on a single-beam SERF magnetometer, and discussed its various applications. A comprehensive theoretical analysis and experiments were conducted with respect to multiple functions, including nonzero finite magnetic field measurements, spin polarization measurement, and in situ coil constant calibration. The results showed that first-order resonance can be utilized for nonzerofinite magnetic field measurements, and the spin polarization of alkali-metal atoms can be determined by measuring the slowing-down factor using the resonance condition. Furthermore, acquiring the first-order resonance point at an equivalent zero pump light power through fitting offers an approach for quick and precise in situ coil constant calibration. This study contributes to the applications of SERF magnetometers in nonzero finite magnetic fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous paper we showed how higher-order strong-field-QED processes in long laser pulses can be approximated by multiplying sequences of 'strong-field Mueller matrices'. We obtained expressions that are valid for arbitrary field shape and polarization. In this paper we derive practical approximations of these Mueller matrices in the locally-constant- and the locally-monochromatic-field regimes. The spin and polarization can also change due to loop contributions (the mass operator for electrons and the polarization operator for photons). We derive Mueller matrices for these as well, for arbitrary laser polarization and arbitrarily polarized initial and final particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic sterilization technology is a strategy that is environmentally friendly for killing drug-resistant bacteria using solar energy. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) required for sterilization depends on the charge separation properties of the photocatalyst. Therefore, we modified the photocatalytic performance of CuIn5S8 by fabricating S-vacancies based on the work function (Φ) theory. The spin state density calculations show that S-vacancies lead to spin polarization, and it is easier to separate electrons and holes when their spin directions change. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results show that Vs-CuIn5S8-3 can produce more ROS. Under visible light irradiation, Vs-CuIn5S8-3 killed 99% of E. coli and MRSA in natural water within 30 minutes. The work adopted S-vacancies to regulate spin polarization and improve photocatalytic activity, which has great potential in natural water disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we theoretically investigate how to control spin filtering via a δ -doping for electrons in a magnetically and electrically modulated semiconductor nanostructure (MEMSN), which can be realized by patterning a ferromagnetic (FM) stripe and a Schottky-metal (SM) stripe on top and bottom of GaAs/AlxGa 1 − x As heterostructure in experiments, respectively. A considerable spin filtering effect still exists because of spin–orbit coupling (SOC), even if a δ -doping is included. Moreover, spin polarization ratio can be manipulated by δ -doping, which may lead to a structurally-controllable electron-spin filter for semiconductor spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] In recent years, Dion-Jacobson (D-J) perovskite has been extensively studied. In order to further study the application of D-J perovskite materials in spin-optoelectronic multifunctional devices, this paper is based on CsSbCl 3 Br and CsMnBr 4 , a zero-band gap semi-metallic material with the same ferromagnetic ground state and the same crystal structure. In this paper, put forward with transverse CsMnBr 4 /CsSbCl 3 Br/CsMnBr 4 heterojunction optoelectronic devices. The characteristics of photocurrent are discussed using parallel configuration (PC) and anti-parallel configuration (APC) magnetoelectric poles under two conditions: vertical incidence of linearly polarized light and elliptically polarized light utilizing density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green's function method. The results reveal that the device can achieve complete spin polarization photocurrent, pure spin current, perfect spin filtering effect, and excellent spin valve effect, with high extinction ratios. Under linearly polarized light, the maximum extinction ratio reaches 2747 for the PC configuration and 5200 for the APC configuration. For elliptically polarized light, the extinction ratio is 739 for the PC configuration and reaches a maximum of 240 for the APC configuration. These results indicate that the lateral CsMnBr 4 /CsSbCl 3 Br/CsMnBr 4 heterojunction has broad multi-functional application prospects in the field of optoelectronics and spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents research results of the thermal effect on the structure, phase composition, and morphology of natural magnesite (MgCO3) from the Savinsky deposit (Irkutsk region) used as a raw material. Two types of thermal treatment are applied to test specimens, namely: isothermal exposure at 1173 K and heating and melting in thermal plasma at a bulk temperature of 6500 K. According to the qualitative phase analysis, major phases include MgCO3 and MgO with hexagonal and cubic crystal systems. Complete information is obtained for the lattice structure both in the initial state and after Rietveld refinement of structural parameters. The high-throughput framework Aflow is used to evaluate the phase stability of the crystal lattices using the convex hull construction. The stability plot of MgCO3 and energy color matching are suggested with regard to spin polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a novel composite material based on nanoporous AB-stacked bilayer graphene. The influence of the dopant atom on the electronic properties of the heterostructure and its position in the pore is investigated herein. The proposed effect is considered on composite materials doped with calcium and manganese atoms in order to correctly evaluate the influence of the valence shell filling type without the local field effect caused by the structural properties of an AB-stacked bilayer graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]