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Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis mimetes comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 20–21 Holotype — MCZ R-81036 Type locality: “ 12.3 km SE Patillas, Puerto Rico.” [Thomas & Schwartz (1966) incorrectly listed the type locality as 12.3 km SE Patillas, but the correct distance is 1.23 km SE Patillas Puerto Rico.] Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (13.3/ 33.19 mm); midbody scales 31–40 (x̅ 36.1); nine toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with salt and pepper dorsal pattern; males with very marked lineated or fragmented head pattern; males with blue head (background color); males with reticulate pattern on the gular area; males with or without scapular patch, ocelli on the periphery or enclosed on the patch. The males of this species are superficially similar to the males of S. macrolepis but lack the bicolored scapular patch and the head pattern is less fragmented than in S. macrolepis. Color in life (Fig. 20): Female: ground color light brown to pink, head and tail yellow to gray, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white. Male ground color light yellow to orange, head blue to gray, tail orange. Iris color red to yellow-brown. Distribution: Low elevation coastal areas of southeastern Puerto Rico, from Ponce to Maunabo where it transitions to S. g. grandisquamis.

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis mimetes comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 20���21 Holotype ��� MCZ R-81036 Type locality: ��� 12.3 km SE Patillas, Puerto Rico.��� [Thomas & Schwartz (1966) incorrectly listed the type locality as 12.3 km SE Patillas, but the correct distance is 1.23 km SE Patillas Puerto Rico.] Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (13.3/ 33.19 mm); midbody scales 31���40 (x�� 36.1); nine toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with salt and pepper dorsal pattern; males with very marked lineated or fragmented head pattern; males with blue head (background color); males with reticulate pattern on the gular area; males with or without scapular patch, ocelli on the periphery or enclosed on the patch. The males of this species are superficially similar to the males of S. macrolepis but lack the bicolored scapular patch and the head pattern is less fragmented than in S. macrolepis. Color in life (Fig. 20): Female: ground color light brown to pink, head and tail yellow to gray, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white. Male ground color light yellow to orange, head blue to gray, tail orange. Iris color red to yellow-brown. Distribution: Low elevation coastal areas of southeastern Puerto Rico, from Ponce to Maunabo where it transitions to S. g. grandisquamis., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 170-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260."]}

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis ateles comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 18���19 Holotype ��� MCZ R-81043 Type locality: ���Balneario de Boquer��n, Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico.��� Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (14.38/ 33 mm); midbody scales 36���42 (x�� 39.4); nine to ten toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males head pattern absent (also in S. g. spanius); males with no pigmentation on chest, variable pigmentation on throat; males with two light lines extending from the orbits to the scapular patch (also in some S. g mimetes and S. g. stibarus); males and females with a large black scapular patch, ocelli near the edge of the patch; some specimens have the patch surrounded by a white margin (also in S. g. stibarus and S. g. ateles) or absent patch; males with a red head. Color in life (Fig. 18): Female: ground color light gray to pink, head and tail orange to gray, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white. Male ground color light brown or gray to orange, head red to light orange. Iris color green, copper, or gray. Distribution: Low elevation coastal areas of southwestern Puerto Rico from Mayag��ez to Ponce, transition to S. g. mimetes occur near Ponce., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 169-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260."]}

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis guarionex comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 16���17 Holotype ��� MCZ R-81048 Type locality: ���Officers��� Club Beach, Ramey Air Force Base, Puerto Rico.��� [Currently called Punta Borinquen Golf and Country Club, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico.] Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (12.17/ 34.2 mm); midbody scales 36���49 (x�� 41.3); number of dorsal body scales very reduced (around 14) compared to the other subspecies of S. grandisquamis (17���23); rounded snout scales; one internasal scale; low number of escutcheon scales (around 67, other subspecies of S. grandisquamis [73���95]); nine toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with orange head; males throat patterned (also in S. g. mimetes and S. g. spanius) and variable in females; the scapular patch is the largest among all members of the S. macrolepis complex, especially in females, and is usually hexagonal enclosing the ocelli. Color in life (Fig. 16): Female: ground color light brown, head and tail fluctuates from orange to yellow, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white. Male ground color light brown to gray, head yellow to light orange. Iris color yellow copper. Distribution: Low elevation coastal areas of northern Puerto Rico from the lowlands of El Yunque National Forest to Rinc��n, a transition to S. m. ateles around Mayaguez and with S. g. spanius on high elevations of the Cordillera Central., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 168-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260."]}

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis stibarus comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 24���25 Holotype ��� MCZ R-81022 Type locality: ��� Isla Pi��eros, Puerto Rico.��� Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (13.34/ 29.44 mm); midbody scales 36���41 (x�� = 38.6); snout scales rounded; five loreal scales; eight toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with faint lineated head pattern; males with two light lines extending from the orbits to the scapular patch, scapular patch surrounded by white margin, and patch can also have brown color; the ocelli are large in proportion to the scapular patch and are more separated than in any other member of the S. macrolepis species complex (Padilla 2016); males with anterior dorsolateral lines not contacting the scapular patch; males with marked throat pattern. Color in life (Fig. 24): Female: ground gray with dark brown or black scales, head and tail orange to light brown, head pattern well defined, medial lines poorly defined and forming a blotch, ocelli color white. Male ground color is light brown, scattered brown scales, salt and pepper, head and tail orange. Iris color dark gray, or golden. Distribution: Known only from the type locality., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260."]}

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis spanius comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 22���23 Holotype ��� MCZ R-81047 Type locality: ��� 17.7 km NE Utuado (~ about 8 km airline), 1100 feet, Puerto Rico.��� Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (14.68/ 35.68 mm); midbody scales 41���47 (x�� 43.6); males with elevated number of escutcheon scales (~95); ten toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with marked lineated head pattern; males with marked reticular pattern; scapular patch reduced to a midcentral rectangle, and ocelli located on the periphery of the patch; scapular patch in contact with nuchal spots (Padilla 2006). Color in life (Fig. 22): Female: ground color light brown to straw, head and tail orange to light gray, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white, or sometimes gray (Thomas & Schwartz 1966). Male ground color light brown, head and tail orange. Iris color yellow, green, brown, copper, or golden. Distribution: Uplands of the Cordillera Central and the Sierra of Cayey from 335 m to 850 m. Thomas & Schwartz (1966) report some intergrades with S. g. mimetes near Aibonito., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 171-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260.","Padilla, L. F. (2006) Geographic variation in color pattern on Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Gunther 1859, (Sauria: Gekkonidae). M. Sc. Thesis, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan. 153 pp."]}

Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla García, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad, Gamble, Tony (2019): The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae). Zootaxa 4712 (2): 151-201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis ateles comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 18–19 Holotype — MCZ R-81043 Type locality: “Balneario de Boquerón, Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico.” Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (14.38/ 33 mm); midbody scales 36–42 (x̅ 39.4); nine to ten toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males head pattern absent (also in S. g. spanius); males with no pigmentation on chest, variable pigmentation on throat; males with two light lines extending from the orbits to the scapular patch (also in some S. g mimetes and S. g. stibarus); males and females with a large black scapular patch, ocelli near the edge of the patch; some specimens have the patch surrounded by a white margin (also in S. g. stibarus and S. g. ateles) or absent patch; males with a red head. Color in life (Fig. 18): Female: ground color light gray to pink, head and tail orange to gray, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white. Male ground color light brown or gray to orange, head red to light orange. Iris color green, copper, or gray. Distribution: Low elevation coastal areas of southwestern Puerto Rico from Mayagüez to Ponce, transition to S. g. mimetes occur near Ponce.

Sphaerodactylus inigoi comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 11–13 Holotype — MCZ R-81055 Type locality: “Ensenada Sun Bay (= Ensenda Sombe), Isla Vieques, Puerto Rico.” Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (14.18/ 30 mm), midbody scales 33–41 (x̅ 36.8), four or five loreal scales (also in S. parvus, contrasting with five or six in S. macrolepis and S. grandisquamis), two or three postmental scales (two in S. macrolepis, S. grandisquamis, and S. parvus), a low number of dorsal body scales from axilla to groin (15 to 18, differing from S. parvus and S. grandisquamis except S. g. stibarus [14–16 scales]). Males dorsal head pattern absent or very faint except a dull parietal spot (Thomas & Schwartz 1966); males with no pigmentation on throat, females with throat pattern; males from Culebra might have some pigmentation on the throat; males with red to yellow head; males and females with reduced scapular patch; males and females with dorsal lines stippled; males dorsal pattern salt and pepper; females with medial lines fused to form a blotch or imperfect line; shortened snout. SVL is smaller in specimens from West Culebra (Min= 14.04 mm, Max= 26.88 mm) than in specimens from Vieques (Min= 14.18 mm, Max= 30 mm). Color in life (Fig. 11): Female: ground color fluctuates from tan to gray, head and tail fluctuates from gray to light brown, head pattern well defined, medial lines forming a blotch, ocelli color pale or yellowish. Male ground color fluctuates from gray to light brown, head red-orange with absent head pattern or faint remains of it (e.g. parietal or nuchal spot). Iris color brown, copper, or orange. The color of female S. inigoi is similar to the female coloration of S. g. mimete s, while the male coloration is more similar to the males of S. g. ateles (Padilla 2006), although the former has a marked head, unlike S. inigoi males, where the pattern is absent or very faint. Distribution: Vieques Island and satellites, and western part of Culebra Island.

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis grandisquamis Stejneger, 1904 Figures 14���15 Holotype ��� USNM 27007 Type locality: ��� Luquillo, Porto Rico.��� Synonyms: Sphaerodactylus g. phoberus Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (17.79/ 34.08 mm); midbody scales 36���46 (x�� 41.2); scales on the snout are rounded (also in S. g. guarionex and S. g. stibarus); head ventral scales with faint keels (contrary to the other species where the keels are more defined); seven toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with faint head pattern (also in S. g. guarionex and S. g. stibarus); males with faint throat pattern; females without throat pattern; males and females with a large hexagonal black scapular patch; ocelli enclosed on the scapular patch, and patch usually surrounded by a white margin (also in S. g. stibarus and S. g. ateles). Color in life (Fig. 14): Female: ground color brown to yellowish, head and tail fluctuates from orange to yellow, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white. Males ground color brown to yellowish brown, head red-orange to yellowish. Iris color variable, greenish-yellow, black suffused with yellow, golden or grayish-yellow (Thomas & Schwartz 1966). Distribution: Low elevation coastal areas of northeastern Puerto Rico, Cayo Santiago and Cayo Batata, a transition to S. g. guarionex around San Juan and to S. g. mimetes in the Maunabo area., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 167-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Stejneger, L. (1904) Herpetology of Porto Rico. Report of the United States National Museum, 1902, 549 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11835","Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260."]}

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis spanius comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 22–23 Holotype — MCZ R-81047 Type locality: “ 17.7 km NE Utuado (~ about 8 km airline), 1100 feet, Puerto Rico.” Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (14.68/ 35.68 mm); midbody scales 41–47 (x̅ 43.6); males with elevated number of escutcheon scales (~95); ten toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with marked lineated head pattern; males with marked reticular pattern; scapular patch reduced to a midcentral rectangle, and ocelli located on the periphery of the patch; scapular patch in contact with nuchal spots (Padilla 2006). Color in life (Fig. 22): Female: ground color light brown to straw, head and tail orange to light gray, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white, or sometimes gray (Thomas & Schwartz 1966). Male ground color light brown, head and tail orange. Iris color yellow, green, brown, copper, or golden. Distribution: Uplands of the Cordillera Central and the Sierra of Cayey from 335 m to 850 m. Thomas & Schwartz (1966) report some intergrades with S. g. mimetes near Aibonito.

Sphaerodactylus macrolepis sensu stricto G��nther, 1859 Figures 9���10 Syntypes ��� BMNH 1946.8.30.74 and BMNH 1946.8.30.75 Type locality: ���St. Croix, West Indies.��� Synonyms: Sphaerodactylus danforthi Grant, 1931 Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max is 11.81/ 27.54 mm, dorsal scales without knob-like organs, dorsal body scales are small, and can be rounded or acute. Tail also has dorsal scales with the free edge rounded, and fourth toe with six to eight lamellae. This species has several distinctive coloration features, including males with marked reticulated head (marbled); males without dorsal lines or salt and pepper (this shared with S. inigoi and S. parvus); males with a blue head (background color, similar to the head in S. g. mimetes); males with reticular pattern on the gular area (also in S. g. mimetes and S. parvus); males with indistinct cephalic figure (or pattern); males and females with head pattern either black or dark brown; females with a fragmented head pattern; females with fainter reticulation on the throat especially next to the jaw; females with dorsal medial lines fused to form a blotch or imperfect line (also present in S. inigoi); scapular patch of males (when present) and females could be bicolor (brown and black) with brown anterior part of the scapular patch (the area anterior to the ocelli); scapular patch well defined with two anterior lateral projections or could be formed by two united circles (but not rectangular), pale or yellowish ocelli inside the scapular patch; females with anterolateral lines that contact the scapular patch; central parietal dot with two lateral lines that extend from the snout and meet posterior to the parietal dot; shortened snout (also seen in S. parvus, S. inigoi, and S. g. stibarus). Color in life (Fig. 9): Female: ground color fluctuates from dark brown to straw, head and tail fluctuates from gray to orange, head pattern well defined. Medial lines forming a blotch, ocelli color pale or yellowish. Male ground color fluctuates from reddish-brown to straw. Head blueish with strong marble pattern. Iris color reddish-brown to yellow. Distribution: Culebra including Cayo Luis Pe��a, the Virgin Islands including St. Croix, and the Prickly Pear Cays of Anguilla., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 163-164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Gunther, A. (1859) On the reptiles from St. Croix, West Indies, collected by Messrs, A. and B. Newton. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 4 (21), 209 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935908697110","Grant, C. (1931) The Sphaerodactylus of Porto Rico, Culebra and Mona Islands. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico, 15, 199 - 213."]}

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis stibarus comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 24–25 Holotype — MCZ R-81022 Type locality: “ Isla Piñeros, Puerto Rico.” Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (13.34/ 29.44 mm); midbody scales 36–41 (x̅ = 38.6); snout scales rounded; five loreal scales; eight toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with faint lineated head pattern; males with two light lines extending from the orbits to the scapular patch, scapular patch surrounded by white margin, and patch can also have brown color; the ocelli are large in proportion to the scapular patch and are more separated than in any other member of the S. macrolepis species complex (Padilla 2016); males with anterior dorsolateral lines not contacting the scapular patch; males with marked throat pattern. Color in life (Fig. 24): Female: ground gray with dark brown or black scales, head and tail orange to light brown, head pattern well defined, medial lines poorly defined and forming a blotch, ocelli color white. Male ground color is light brown, scattered brown scales, salt and pepper, head and tail orange. Iris color dark gray, or golden. Distribution: Known only from the type locality.