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Seeds belonging to fourth generation mutants (M4) of Ataem-7 cultivar (A7) variety and S04-05 (S) breeding line salt-tolerant soybeans were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, complemented by chemometrics methods, in order to evaluate changes induced by mutations in the relative lipid–protein contents, and to find fast, efficient strategies for discrimination of the mutants and the control groups based on their Raman spectra. It was concluded that gamma irradiation caused an increase in the lipid to protein ratio of the studied Ataem-7 variety mutants, while it led to a decrease of this ratio in the investigated S04-05 breeding line mutants. These results were found to be in agreement with data obtained by reflectance spectrum analysis of the seeds in the full ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral region and suggest the possibility of developing strategies where gamma irradiation can be used as a tool to improve mutant soybean plants targeted to different applications, either enriched in proteins or in lipids. Ward's clustering and principal component analysis showed a clear discrimination between mutants and controls and, in the case of the studied S-type species, discrimination between the different mutants. The grouping scheme is also found to be in agreement with the compositional information extracted from the analysis of the lipid–protein contents of the different samples.

In this study, FT-IR, FAR-IR, and FT-Raman spectra of Furosemide were recorded between 4000 and 650 cm−1, 700 and 150 cm−1 and 4000 and 150 cm−1 regions, respectively. In addition, the single crystal, X-ray structure is determined for this molecule. The X-ray analysis showed two alternative orientations; E and Z-form which formed dimer structure by O H…O hydrogen bonds. The theoretical analysis of probable stable conformers of Furosemide was carried out by using DFT method with 6-31G(d,p) basis set while density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6-31G(d,p), 6-31G(d) and Sadlej PVTZ as basis sets was used for quantum chemical calculations of geometrical structure and vibrational wavenumbers. Additionally, the anharmonic wavenumbers were calculated by using the same theory with 6-31G(d,p) basis set. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of Furosemide was made based on total energy distribution (TED). Finally, probable donor–acceptor interactions of E and Z form of the molecule were examined by using NBO analysis.

The molecular structures and vibrational spectra of the three isomers of pyridinecarboxamide (picolinamide, nicotinamide, isonicotinamide) were calculated with the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method using the B3LYP function and the 6-31++G(d,p), Z2PolX, Z3PolX basis sets. The calculations were performed by using the Gaussian98W packet program set. The total energy distributions (TED) of the vibrational modes of these molecules were calculated by using the Scale 2.0 program and the vibrational modes of the molecules were determined. The Scaled Quantum Mechanical (SQM) method was used in the scaling procedure. In the experimental part of the study, the solid phase FT-IR and Micro Raman spectra of the three isomers of pyridinecarboxamide have been recorded in the range of 4000–650 and 1200–100 cm −1 , respectively. The calculated wavenumbers were compared to the corresponding experimental values. As a result, the observed bands of the three isomers of pyridinecarboxamide were assigned with good accuracy.

Prothionamide (PTH) is the secondary drug used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and leprosy. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential energy surface map, anharmonic and harmonic vibrational spectra, NBO analysis and ELF (Electron Localization Function) of the title compound using DFT approach with the B3LYP (Becke, three-parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr) exchange–correlation functional with the 6-31G++(d, p) and the Z3POLX basis sets were employed. In the experimental part of this study, FT-Mid IR, FT-Far IR and FT-Raman spectra of the molecule were recorded in the regions 4000–450 cm −1 , 700–30 cm −1 and 4000–100 cm −1 respectively in the solid phase. The comparison between calculated and experimental vibrational spectra (infrared and Raman spectra) and assignments of fundamental vibrational modes were characterized by total energy distribution (TED). Theoretical spectra were seen to be in good agreement with those of the experimental ones.

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of isonicotinamide (in solid phase) have been recorded in the regions 4000–400 and 4000–70 cm −1 , respectively. The geometry optimizations and vibrational spectrum calculations of isonicotinamide have been carried out at the DFT/B3LYP level with 6-31++G(d,p) basis set. With the SQM approach, the force field of isonicotinamide obtained by DFT calculations has been corrected by a set of scaling factors to get a good agreement between observed and calculated wavenumbers. Isonicotinamide interacting with Al(OH) 3 has also been studied by B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) calculations and the SQM results of both molecules have been compared to investigate how the coordination through the ring nitrogen effects the isonicotinamide vibrational wavenumbers.

The vibrational wavenumbers of kyotorphin [ l -Tyr 1 – d -Arg 2 ] analogue ( d -KTP) was determined by using theoretical and experimental methods. The optimised structure of kyotorphin was obtained on the basis of parameter set determined for l -tyrosine and d -arginine molecules. After then the vibrational wavenumbers of kyotorphin were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) approximation, using the B3LYP function with 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The vibrational assignment was given by the help of total energy distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes of the d -KTP. The characteristic Fermi doubled of tyrosine was observed at 853 and 828 cm −1 in the Raman spectrum of d -KTP and the intensity ratio ( I 853 / I 828 ) was found to be 1.6, indicating that both phenoxyl proton and oxygen are involved in H-bonding interaction in d -KTP.

In this study, a methodology based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis and partial least square methods is proposed for the analysis of blood plasma samples in order to identify spectral changes correlated with some biomarkers associated with schizophrenia and bipolarity. Our main goal was to use the spectral information for the calibration of statistical models to discriminate and classify blood plasma samples belonging to bipolar and schizophrenic patients. IR spectra of 30 samples of blood plasma obtained from each, bipolar and schizophrenic patients and healthy control group were collected. The results obtained from principal component analysis (PCA) show a clear discrimination between the bipolar (BP), schizophrenic (SZ) and control group' (CG) blood samples that also give possibility to identify three main regions that show the major differences correlated with both mental disorders (biomarkers). Furthermore, a model for the classification of the blood samples was calibrated using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), allowing the correct classification of BP, SZ and CG samples. The results obtained applying this methodology suggest that it can be used as a complimentary diagnostic tool for the detection and discrimination of these mental diseases. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Molecular structure of 2-[4-(4-Fluorobenzamido)phenyl]benzothiazole was determined by quantum chemical calculations. MidIR and FarIR spectra were recorded at room temperature, with 4 cm−1 resolution in the 4000–400 cm−1 and 700–30 cm−1 regions, respectively for the first time. Raman spectrum was recorded in the 4000–100 cm−1 range. Optimized molecular structure and vibrational wavenumbers of the compound in its ground state have been calculated by using Density Functional Theory using B3LYP functional with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Vibrational wavenumbers were seen to be in good agreement with the experimental IR data. Furthermore, assignments of each vibrational mode were interpreted in terms of potential energy distributions in detail.