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Two new species of Bulbophyllum,B. barcelonae and B. pelseri are described here from the Pantabangan‐Carranglan Watershed Forest Reserve, Luzon Island, Philippines. Bulbophyllum barcelonae resembles B. charisae, but differs by having smaller vegetative parts, ovate petals with a rounded apex, and a labellum with two ridges that are strongly angled outwards the adaxial surface, rounded proximal crests, and a canaliculate abaxial surface. Bulbophyllum pelseri resembles B. aureobrunneum but differs by having caducous sheath covering the pseudobulbs, punctulate leaf surface, shorter leaves, absence of transverse callus in median portion of labellum, median portion with short, rounded ridge, rounded apex, and triangular stelidia. These discoveries increase to 207, the known species of Bulbophyllum in the Philippines. An Abstract in Philipino can be found in the Supporting information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Ormocarpum P.Beauv. is revised for Malesia and the Pacific region. Several new species (O. fijiense Arbainsyah, O. neocaledonicum Arbainsyah, O. philippinense Arbainsyah, O. sculptilium Arbainsyah, O. smitsii Arbainsyah, O. vanuatense Arbainsyah) are described. A key to the species of Malesia and the Pacific is presented. Diphaca cochinchinensis Lour. is lectotypified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impatiens bungeilang Mustaqim is described here as a species new to science based on plants collected from the northern Gayo Plateau, northern Sumatra. A detailed description, notes on distribution, ecology, phenology, notes, and color photographs are provided. According to the IUCN Red List Criteria, this species is here considered Critically Endangered due to its small geographic range and heavily fragmented as well as degraded habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent fieldwork in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, resulted in the collection of an endemic new species of Ardisia, described here as Ardisia recurvipetala Julius, Siti-Munirah & Utteridge. The species is a member of subgenus (§) Crispardisia on account of its vascularised glands (bacterial nodules) on the leaf margin and the terminal inflorescence on a specialised lateral branch subtended by a normal leaf (rather than a reduced bract-like leaf). Ardisia recurvipetala is unique amongst all members of §Crispardisia by having leaf margins with both vascularised glands and pustule-like structures and can be further distinguished from other Peninsular Malaysian members of this subgenus by the lamina raised between the leaf venation giving a somewhat bullate appearance, unbranched inflorescences, brownish-red pedicels and recurved corolla lobes, each with a creamy-white apex and a small pink patch at the base. Ardisia recurvipetala is known only from a single location in Terengganu and its conservation status is assessed as Data Deficient (DD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of polymorphism in the Calamus javensis complex has been examined by various techniques in several publications. A wide range of morphological variation was identified during these studies. Characters showing high variation were leaf sheath and ocrea morphology, number and arrangement of leaflets, length and arrangement of the rachillas. All names used in the complex are here regarded as synonyms of C. javensis except C. tenompokensis, which is retained as a distinct species. One variety is recognized, C. javensis var. polyphyllus (including C. acuminatus). Using morphological characters, we recognized 11 informal (often not monophyletic) forms within C. javensis var. javensis. Here we present identification keys, descriptions and notes of all recognisable forms, varieties and species included in the Calamus javensis complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae, Apiales), an attractive genus of horticulturally important trees and shrubs, is revised for Malesia (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam, the Philippines, Timor-Leste) and Papuasia (Papua Barat (Indonesia), Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands). In this report, 52 species are recognised, including many species reinstated from synonymy. Three taxa are raised to species rank (P. owenstanleyense, P. patelliplacenta and P. purpurascens), one is a new combination in Pittosporum (P. impressum), and four new species are described: P. sulawesiense, P. isolatum, P. schoddei and P. sogeriense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seventy-two morphological characters and three ecological characteristics were measured to assess variation and phylogenetic relationships among twelve species and three infraspecific taxa of the genus Spathoglottis from Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. The morphological analyses divided Spathoglottis into two main groups based on the colours of the flower: Purple-Flowered Spathoglottis and Yellow-Flowered Spathoglottis. Species within the two groupings were further classified based on the size of the plants (Large/Dwarf Purple Spathoglottis and Large/Dwarf Yellow Spathoglottis) and the shapes of the labellum (spathulate, bilobulate or narrow/thread–like). The selected morphological characters appeared to support the taxonomic boundaries between two mostly debated taxa in the genus, S. aurea and S. microchilina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphologically variable genus Archidendron is the second largest mimosoid legume genus from the Indomalayan-Australasian region, yet it has not been well represented in phylogenetic studies. Phylogenies that have included multiple representatives of Archidendron suggest it may not be monophyletic, and the same applies to Archidendropsis, another understudied genus of the Archidendron clade. The most comprehensive phylogeny of Archidendron and Archidendropsis to date is presented, based on four nuclear markers (ITS, ETS, SHMT and RBPCO). Exemplars from all genera of the wider Archidendron clade are sampled, including representatives of all series within Archidendron and the two subgenera of Archidendropsis. Our results confirm that Archidendron and Archidendropsis are not monophyletic. Within Archidendron, only one series (ser. Ptenopae) is resolved as monophyletic and species of Archidendron are divided into two primarily geographic lineages. One clade is distributed in western Malesia and mainland Asia and includes most representatives of series Clypeariae, while the other is mostly restricted to eastern Malesia and Australia and includes representatives of the seven other series plus two samples of series Clypeariae. No taxonomic changes are made for Archidendron due to the high level of topological uncertainty and the lack of discrete macromorphological characters separating these two lineages. Each of the two subgenera of Archidendropsis is monophyletic but they are not closely related. A new genus endemic to Queensland (Australia), Heliodendron Gill.K. Br. & Bayly, gen. nov., is described for the former Archidendropsis subg. Basaltica, and combinations for its three species are proposed: Heliodendron basalticum (F. Muell.) Gill.K. Br. & Bayly, comb. nov., Heliodendron thozetianum (F. Muell.) Gill.K. Br. & Bayly, comb. nov., and Heliodendron xanthoxylon (C.T. White & W.D. Francis) Gill.K. Br. & Bayly, comb. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ardisia whitmorei Julius & Utteridge, sp. nov. (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae), a member of Ardisia subgenus Stylardisia on account of the style protruding from the closed petals prior to anthesis, is herein described and illustrated as a new species. This new species is easily distinguished by the combination of the inflorescences with a slender rachis branched to two orders, the corolla lobes are abaxially glabrous with usually up to only two gland-dots near the apex and the brochidrodromous secondary veins with double loops near the margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaccinium paradoxum is described as a new species of blueberry from the lowland ultrabasic forest of Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park, Luzon Island, Philippines. It resembles V. halconense, but differs by having shorter inflorescences, fewer flowers per inflorescence, a glabrous inner surface of the corolla, absence of anther spurs, and a glabrous style. Vaccinium paradoxum is unique among the currently known blueberries in Malesia by the presence of sessile glands borne on the pedicel and predominantly near the centre or scattered on the calyx lobes. It is also the only known Philippine Vaccinium to inhabit lowland ultrabasic forest on sea cliffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new species of Breynia are described for Malesia, B. longistyla from Borneo, B. papillosa from New Guinea, and B. suborbicularis from Sulawesi. They are primarily distinguished by characters of indumentum, leaves, and styles. Ten lectotypes and one neotype are designated, and one new synonym is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have identified four major clades within the fern genus Tectaria but none of them is supported by any morphological characters. Here we present an expanded phylogeny of Tectaria based on five plastid markers (atpB, ndhF + ndhF-trnN, rbcL, rps16-matK + matK, and trnL-F), with a particular focus on the species from Asia to the Solomon Islands. Our aims are to infer the systematic position of newly included species, providing insights to interspecific relationships of some species groups, and to determine the identity of some specimens with distinct morphology. As a result, three major clades and a total of 14 lineages are identified in Asia to the Solomon Islands. The 19 newly sampled species were well resolved in the phylogenetic tree, of which T. lobbii (representative of rare rheophytes in Tectaria) was confirmed as belonging in the T. angulata–T. vanikoroensis lineage. Four new species from the Solomon Islands, T. acrophoroides, T. glenniana, T. pallescens, and T. vanikoroensis, are recognized and described. Phylogenetic and morphological evidence suggests frequent hybridizations between T. crenata and T. decurrens from Malesia to the Solomon Islands, and between T. devexa and T. simonsii in mainland Asia and adjacent islands, which render the obscure species boundaries within the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identity of Asplenium nigrescens, A. lepturus, and A. militare is clarified. Diagnostic characteristics, distribution, and habitat information for each species are provided. A. nigrescens, A. lepturus, and A. militare are distinct species. Key and photos are provided for the identification of the species. The collections by de Vore and Hoover are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1743, Georg Rumphius described a tree from the island of Seram in Herbarium Amboinense as Arbor Versicolor (now known as Eucalyptus deglupta Blume). Thus, the first European name for a species in the iconic Australian genus of Eucalyptus was coined decades before the British collected specimens in Australia, and before it was given its current name by a French botanist in 1789. The English translation of Rumphius' description (see Supplementary Material) also includes vernacular names for Eucalyptus deglupta —some of many names applied to this species as it occurs from New Britain to Mindanao in the Philippines. While neither Rumphius' name nor vernacular names for E. deglupta are recognised in current Western botanical nomenclature, the naming of Eucalyptus and other genera now recognised as Acacia, Casuarina and Melaleuca confirm the role of the eminent naturalist Rumphius in the history of Australian botany. Georg Rumphius described a tree from the island of Seram in Herbarium Amboinense (1741–50) as Arbor Versicolor. It is undoubtedly Eucalyptus deglupta and therefore a pre-Linnaean description of Eucalyptus long before it was 'discovered' by the British and described by the French in 1789. Rumphius also described species of other large Australian tree genera, Acacia, Casuarina and Melaleuca that have outlying species from Maluku (Moluccan Islands), thereby cementing a deserved reputation in the history of Australian botany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dalechampia is a mainly South American genus of generally climbing shrubs with usually sharp stiff trichomes in some of the inflorescence parts. The bisexual inflorescences are very condensed and subtended by two, often showy, large bracts. The three pistillate flowers are separate from the staminate subinflorescence (both groups with their own bracts). The staminate subinflorescence contains groups of staminodial-like bractlets that provide resin for female bees or fragrance for male bees. In west Malesia (Sumatra and Java) one indigenous species is found, the climbing D. bidentata, and occasionally cultivars of the subshrub D. spathulata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ridsdalea philippinensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from the karst forest in El Nido (Palawan, Philippines), is described and illustrated. It is unique among Malesian Ridsdalea species in having a corolla tube that is distinctly inflated at the apex, a character state also displayed by R. sootepensis and R. thailandica from Laos and Thailand. Amongst others, R. philippinensis, however, differs from both of these species in having smaller flowers and anthers that do not emerge from the corolla tube. An updated key for Philippine Ridsdalea is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the environmental impact study for a proposed nickel mine near Weda Bay on Halmahera in North Moluccas (Maluku Utara Province), Indonesia, two unknown Euphorbiaceae were discovered. Morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analyses using four markers (plastid trnL‐F and rbcL, and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and external transcribed spacer) indicated that they should be recognized as constituting a new, distinct genus of two species, which are described and illustrated here as Weda fragarioides and Weda lutea. The new taxa are members of the Australasian tribe Ricinocarpeae in subfamily Crotonoideae, and they are most closely related to Alphandia. In contrast with the otherwise mostly sclerophyllous Ricinocarpeae, Weda possesses stellate to dendritic hairs, large, long‐petiolate, glandular leaves, and inflorescences with a pair of large, leafy, subopposite bracts. The two narrowly distributed species are distinguished from each other by vegetative and floral features, molecular data, and elevational preferences. Leaf elemental analysis of Weda indicated manganese, but not nickel, accumulation. Newly resolved generic relationships and potential morphological synapomorphies within Crotonoideae are discussed, and the circumscription of Ricinocarpeae is expanded from 7 to 11 genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphophallus minimus (Araceae) is herein described and illustrated as a new species from the montane forest of Nueva Ecija, Luzon island, Philippines. A. minimus has an overall resemblance to Amorphophallus palawanensis Bogner and Hett., however, it is easily distinguished by having a club‐shaped and colliculate appendix that is contiguous with the male zone, oblate stamens (2 per flower), presence of leaf bulbils, and its overall small dimensions. Amorphophallus minimus is currently the only species in the Philippines found to inhabit a montane forest ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leucostegia has been long recognized as a small fern genus with only two species, L. immersa and L. pallida. Here we elevate a variety of L. immersa to species level and make the new combination Leucostegia amplissima based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. Morphologically, Leucostegia amplissima differs from L. immersa by having larger evergreen fronds, smaller indusia, and glandular hairs on the basal stipes. The study of Taiwanese populations further suggested an ecological divergence between L. immersa and L. amplissima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of grammitid fern, Calymmodon pectinatus (Polypodiaceae) is described from Malesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaccinium exiguum from the ultramafic summit of Mt. Victoria, Palawan Island, Philippines is here described as a new species of Ericaceae. It closely resembles V. hamiguitanense but is distinct by having much shorter petioles and leaves, longer and glabrous calyx lobes with serrate lobe margins, a larger corolla with deeper sulcations, and longer stamens with spurs oriented laterally. Vaccinium exiguum represents the third Vaccinium species found on the Island of Palawan and 36th in the Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Amorphophallus is described and illustrated here, from the province of Camarines Norte, Luzon island, the Philippines. The new species, A. caudatus, is morphologically close to A. luzoniensis in having a verruculose spadix, a similar spathe shape, and similar size of the ovary. However, the new species is distinct by its larger leaves, a longer peduncle, a longer and wider spathe, an inflated, verruculose spadix which strongly narrows to the caudate upper half, a fusiform ovary, and a shorter style with a shallowly 2–3‐lobed stigma. The peculiar shape of the spadix with its verruculose inflated base and caudate upper half is unique amongst Philippine Amorphophallus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Asplenium alleniae, is described from high elevation habitats in Sabah (Malaysia) and Papua New Guinea. Previous phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast loci determined that A. alleniae was most closely related to A. pauperequitum from New Zealand. Asplenium alleniae differs from A. pauperequitum most obviously by the acuminate apices of its longer pinnae. The combination of pinnate fronds with few pairs of primary pinnae and dark red-brown axes distinguishes A. alleniae from superficially similar species of Asplenium in Malesia. Asplenium alleniae is provisionally assessed as Endangered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ardisia argentiana and A. nagaensis from subgenus Tetrardisia are herein described and illustrated as new species. They are endemic to Borneo and the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan and to the Malaysian state of Sarawak, respectively. Ardisia argentiana is unique in its linear-oblong leaves, with a long, acuminate-caudate apex, and finely serrulate margins, while A. nagaensis can be easily recognized by its elliptic-lanceolate leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thismia ornata and T. coronata (Thismiaceae), two new species from Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) are described and illustrated. Thismia ornata belongs to T. sect. Thismia subsect. Odoardoa and occurs at several localities in western Sarawak around the city of Kuching. This species has been misidentified as T. aseroe until now, although the two species differ considerably. The species is assigned a preliminary conservation status of VU according to IUCN criteria. Thismia coronata belongs to T. sect. Sarcosiphon and has been found at only one site near the village of Long Tuyo in Lawas district of northern Sarawak. It is related to T. goodii and T. kelabitiana. The species is assigned a preliminary conservation status of CR. Citation:Dančák M., Hroneš M. & Sochor M. 2020: Thismia ornata and T. coronata (Thismiaceae), two new species from Sarawak, Borneo. – Willdenowia 50: 65–76. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50106 Version of record first published online on 10 March 2020 ahead of inclusion in April 2020 issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifications are given for 713 specimens of Hymenophyllaceae collected on Ambon and Seram islands, the Moluccas, Indonesia, during 1983-86. The collection is composed of forty-seven species and one variety belonging to seven genera. The dataset is deposited in GBIF and available at https://www.gbif.jp/ipt/resource?r=seram_hymen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimorphocalyx, a small genus ranging from Sri Lanka to Indomalesia to Australia, has eight species in Malesia, of which one is here raised from variety to species level and another, endemic in the N Moluccas, is newly described. Dimorphocalyx murinus and - tentatively - D. loheri are synonymised with D. denticulatus, and D. luzoniensis is synonymised with D. malayanus. Dimorphocalyx cumingii is regarded as a species of Trigonostemon. The differences between Dimorphocalyx, Ostodes, Paracroton (formerly Fahrenheitia), and Trigonostemon are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malesia harbours one, possibly two species of Blachia. In the Philippines B. philippinensis is found and this species is not synonymous with B. andamanica. In literature B. andamanica has been recorded for west Malesia, but no specimens were seen. Based on its presence in Peninsular Thailand and the Andamans it is likely to be present in Peninsular Malaysia. The most distinct difference between both species is in the indumentum of the ovary, sparsely hairy in the lower half versus densely and completely sericeous, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A taxonomic revision of the genus Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae) in the Philippines is presented here. Twenty seven taxa are recognised, and thirteen names newly reduced to synonymy. A key to all species is included, as well as distribution maps and a preliminary conservation status for each species. This account forms part of a treatment of Callicarpa for the Flora Malesiana project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. The identification of spatial patterns of species richness at regional scales, such as biodiversity hotspots, is complicated in invertebrate taxa (particularly those from tropical regions) by incomplete and biased inventory data. Estimation techniques of regional species richness from incompletely sampled landscapes have recently become available, but their applicability to data from museum collections and local taxonomic checklists has not been investigated. 2. We use records of sphingid moths in grid cells of 1° latitude and longitude on 14 Malesian islands to estimate the total species richness of these islands, as well as that of the whole archipelago, by five parametric and nonparametric estimation techniques. We compare these values to figures based on GIS-supported estimates of geographical ranges of each species. 3. Our analyses suggest that the F3 estimator of regional species richness leads to least deviation from the GIS-based estimate, followed by Chao2 and ICE, which are often employed in local comparisons. Overestimation occurred more often than underestimation and estimates of well-sampled islands (with many available grid cells) are less deviant than those of poorly sampled islands. We did not obtain conclusive results as to whether strongly undersampled grid cells are better excluded from an analysis (at the cost of reduced grid cell number) or not. 4. Synthesis and applications. In agreement with some previously published assessments, we conclude that the F3 estimator has the greatest potential for predicting regional species richness in partially sampled landscapes. Sample-based methods for estimating regional species richness can provide an alternative to the much more work-intensive geographical modelling of species distributions, which may facilitate the inclusion of tropical invertebrate groups in documenting global diversity patterns. However, under conditions of incomplete, non-systematic sampling, which is typical for museum and checklist data, errors can still be large, particularly if the number of sampling units (e.g. grid cells) is low. Estimation values should not be interpreted uncritically when the data conditions that lead to biased values are not precisely defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Maesa (Primulaceae-Maesoideae) is described from Indonesian New Guinea. Maesa megistophylla is unique in the genus in the combination of the very long elliptic leaves, and racemes with subsessile flowers. The species is illustrated, taxonomic affinities are discussed, and is assessed as Data Deficient according to the criteria of IUCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new fern species from Sarawak, Antrophyum hovenkampii and Pteris hovenkampii are described in memory of renowned pteridologist, Peter Hans Hovenkamp. Their relationships are inferred using morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analyses. A description, photographs of key characters, distribution map, and habitat description of both new species are provided. Keys to all known species of Antrophyum and Pteris in Borneo are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]