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Dengue is considered a worldwide public health problem and affects mainly the population living in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in developing countries. To understand the spread of the disease in urban space, it is necessary to analyze the temporal evolution of its. The Geographic Information Systems offer the necessary tools for this spatialization and, consequently, help in the interpretation of the associated variables. In this context, the research aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of dengue cases through the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) in the urban area of the municipality of Janiópolis / PR in the year 2013, when the first local epidemic was recorded. Data on reported and confirmed cases were collected at the State and Municipal Health Secretariats. The addresses of the confirmed cases were georeferenced in Google Earth and the information was exported and systematized in the QGis, where maps with the spatial and temporal distribution of the cases were made. The disease spread through urban space in 2013, with a pattern related to control actions, expanding throughout the urban space, leading to the total blockade of the city in the seventh epidemic week. It is considered that the model of control of the spread of dengue in the urban space was inefficient and that the adopted blockade patterns could not contain the dispersion of the mosquito and consequently avoid the epidemic in the municipality studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the reproductive biology of a population of Pseudis minuta Günther, 1858 from Reserva Biológica do Lami (30º 15' S; 51º 05' W), Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. We assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of individuals (males, females, juveniles) and explored potential relationships with environmental variables. Field activities encompassed bimonthly surveys in three semi-permanent ponds, each one during approximately two days and two nights, from August 2004 to July 2005. We recorded differences in the sites used by males, females and juveniles, with males occupying deeper and more distant places from the border. The temporal distributions of individuals, calling sites and amplectant pairs indicated that the reproductive activity of P. minuta is related to some of the studied abiotic factors. Calling males presented statistical differences in relation to non-calling males for all daily abiotic variables analyzed (air temperature, water temperature, relative humidity and rainfall), as well as to monthly temperature and rainfall. The number of active males, females and juveniles was influenced by at least one of the daily or monthly environmental variables analyzed. We conclude that the reproduction in this species is seasonal and may be partially determined by abiotic factors.A distribuição espacial e temporal de Pseudis minuta Günther, 1858 e fatores ambientais relacionados à atividade reprodutiva da espécie foram estudados na Reserva Biológica do Lami (30º 15' S; 51º 05' W), Porto Alegre, Brasil. As atividades de campo compreenderam visitas bimensais a três banhados semi-permanentes, com duração aproximada de dois dias e duas noites cada, entre agosto de 2004 e julho de 2005. Observaram-se diferenças nos sítios utilizados por machos, fêmeas e juvenis, com machos ocupando locais mais profundos e mais distantes da margem. A distribuição temporal dos indivíduos, vocalizações e amplexos indicaram que a atividade reprodutiva de P. minuta está relacionada com alguns dos fatores abióticos estudados. Os machos em atividade de vocalização apresentaram diferença significativa em relação aos machos não vocalizantes para todos os fatores abióticos diários analisados (temperatura do ar, temperatura da água, umidade relativa do ar e pluviosidade), bem como na temperatura do ar e pluviosidade mensais. O número de machos, fêmeas e juvenis em atividade foi influenciada por pelo menos um dos fatores ambientais mensais ou diários analisados. Conclui-se que a reprodução desta espécie é sazonal e parcialmente determinada por fatores abióticos.

The article explores the spatial and temporal distribution of Pseudis minuta and the role of environmental factors in its reproduction in Reserva Biológica do Lami, Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. There were significant differences in border distance and water depth among age-sex classes of Pseudis minuta. No significant difference was found in the presence of calling males and non-calling males in relation to monthly relative humidity but opposite was noted in relation to total monthly rainfall, mean monthly air temperature and water temperature. The number of females was related with daily air temperature, relative humidity and water temperature.