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Single-pixel detecting is suitable for wavefront reconstruction in some special wavelengths where array detectors are immature or even unavailable and/or under low light conditions. However, most of the demonstrations are generally realized by multi-step phase-shifting interferometry with a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) that has a slow modulation speed, which limits the reconstruction speed, thus restricting practical applications of the technique. Here, we propose to use a digital-micromirror-device-(DMD)-based single-pixel off-axis common-path interferometry (SOCI) for faster wavefront reconstruction. The method utilizes passive detection based on the DMD to realize SOCI for accelerating wavefront reconstruction. As compared to the LC-SLM-based phase-shifting techniques, since the modulation speed of the DMD is hundreds of times faster than that of the LC-SLM, the DMD-based SOCI accelerates several folds of reconstruction speed further, which, thus, makes the final wavefront reconstruction three orders of magnitude faster. The effectiveness and advantages of our method are experimentally demonstrated by quantitatively reconstructing the amplitude and phase images of a biological sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An OAM inter-mode interferometry is proposed to achieve OAM-basis wavefront single-pixel imaging (OAM-WSPI), in which the 0 th -order OAM mode with the necessary phase-shiftings is used as the reference field, and the other-order OAM modes are used as the modulation patterns for sampling the target wavefront. • The proposed method does not require sacrificing the pixel of the SLM to introduce the reference light, which enhancement the resolution of existing common-path OAM-WSPI. • Experimental demonstrations suggest the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method and reconstruct the different target wavefronts with high resolution, employing the LG basis and Bessel basis, respectively. Wavefront single-pixel imaging (WSPI) allows the development of imaging systems where pixel-array detectors are immature or even unavailable. However, the state-of-the-art common-path interference-based WSPI methods generally sacrifice the pixels of the spatial light modulator (SLM) to introduce the reference light reducing the imaging resolution. Here, we propose to use inter-mode common-path interferometry to improve the spatial resolution of orbital angular momentum basis wavefront single-pixel imaging (OAM-WSPI), since the inter-mode interferometry does not sacrifice the pixels of the SLM to introduce reference light. Experimental demonstrations suggest the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Such a method has potential applications in the fields of high-resolution holography applications, in which OAM beams need to be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A passive-detection-based WSPI method using a flexible SLM-based common-path interferometer is proposed. The common-path phase-shift or off-axis technique can be flexibly realized by a "sandwich" structure consisting of a half-wave plate, a SLM, and a polarizer. • The proposed method does not require sacrificing the pixel resolution of the SLM to introduce the reference light, therefore, there does not exist a tradeoff between the wavefront imaging resolution and field of view. • The proposed method for measuring wavefront as well as its application for quantitative phase imaging of a dragonfly wing was experimentally demonstrated, which indicates it has potential applications in the field of biological quantitative phase imaging. • The proposed method paves the way for passively measuring spatial wavefronts of unknown fields with higher performances, only using a single detector and the SLM-based "sandwich" structure, which is compact and simple. Wavefront single-pixel imaging (WSPI) is an important tool for simultaneously measuring the amplitude and phase of an unknown field, especially suitable for wavefront detecting in some special wavelengths where array detectors are immature or even unavailable. Here, a passive-detection-based WSPI method using a flexible SLM-based common-path interferometer is proposed, in which by detecting the zero-order diffraction of the SLM directly, the common-path phase-shift or off-axis technique can be flexibly realized by a "sandwich" structure consisting of a half-wave plate, a SLM, and a polarizer. The reference light can be conveniently chosen as the direct reflected light from the SLM, the unmodulated light from the pixels of the SLM, or the light from both of them. We experimentally verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method. We further demonstrate the method for wavefront measurement of a dragonfly wing, which suggests it can be used for quantitative phase imaging. It provides a high-resolution spatial wavefront passive detection technique, with a compact, stable, and flexible setup, which has lots of applications involving three-dimensional imaging, aberration correction, digital holographic measurement, and digital microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]