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International seed trade considers seed germination as the main indicator of the seed quality. Different results of seed germination under laboratory conditions and emergence in the field encouraged the development of the concept of the seed vigor and the term of vigor. Seed viability or vigor presents a set of those traits that affect seed germination and the establishment of strong and healthy seedlings under different environmental conditions. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of locality and production year on germination and vigor of soybean seed. The testing was performed on 6 soybean varieties (Valjevka, Bojana, Balkan, Novosađanka, Vojvođanka i Morava) produced in the towns of Inđija and Vrbas in 2009 and 2010. The seed germination of all samples was determined by using standard laboratory and vigor tests (Cold test and Accelerated aging test). When the standard laboratory test was applied the seed germination of all tested varieties produced in 2009 in Inđija ranged from 78% to 87%, and from 94% to 99% in Vrbas. The germination of seeds produced in 2010 in both localities was higher in all tested varieties in relation to 2009. When the accelerated aging test was applied the germination of seeds produced in Inđija in 2009 was statistically significantly lower (67-85%) in all tested varieties in comparison to seed germination obtained by the standard laboratory test (78-87%). The seed germination obtained by the application of the cold test was statistically significantly lower (25-90%) for the seed produced in Inđija in comparison to the value obtained for the seeds produced in Vrbas (80-97) for both years of production. Međunarodna trgovina semena, kao osnovni pokazatelj kvaliteta uzima klijavost semena. Različiti rezultati ispitivanja klijavosti semena u laboratorijskim uslovima i nicanja u polju podstakli su razvoj koncepta životne sposobnosti semena i pojma vigora. Životna sposobnost semena ili vigor predstavlja skup onih osobina semena koje utiču na klijavost semena i formiranje snažnog i zdravog ponika u različitim uslovima spoljašnje sredine. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi uticaj lokaliteta i godine proizvodnje na klijavost i vigor semena soje. Ispitivanja su izvršena na 6 sorata soje (Valjevka, Bojana, Balkan, Novosađanka, Vojvođanka i Morava) proizvedenih u Inđiji i Vrbasu u 2009 i 2010. godini. Kod svih uzoraka utvrđena je klijavost semena primenom standardnog laboratorijskog metoda i vigor testova (hladni test i test ubrzanog starenja). Primenom standardnog laboratorijskog metoda klijavost semena, kod svih ispitivanih sorata na lokalitetu Inđija, proizvedenih u 2009. godini, se kretala od 78% do 87%, a na lokalitetu Vrbas od 94% do 99%. Klijavost semena proizvedenog u 2010 godini, na oba lokaliteta je bila veća, kod svih ispitivanih sorti, u odnosu na 2009. godinu. Primenom testa ubrzanog starenja klijavost semena proizvedenog na lokalitetu Inđija u 2009. godini, kod svih ispitivanih sorata je bila statistički značajno niža (67-85%) u odnosu na klijavost semena dobijenu standardnim laboratorijskim metodom (78-87%). Klijavost semena dobijena primenom hladnog testa, u obe godine proizvodnje, na lokalitetu Inđija (25-90%) je bila statistički značajno niža u odnosu na vrednosti dobijen za seme proizvedeno na lokalitetu Vrbas (80-97).

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes white rot disease in plants and has a very wide range of hosts. The highest levels of susceptibility to this pathogen are found in plants from the families Asteraceae (sunflower) and Fabaceae (soybean, bean, string bean). The fungus overwinters in nature in the form of sclerotia and mycelia in soybean seed. Seed health testing is done under laboratory conditions as one of the most important parameters of seed quality. According to the Rulebook on Health Testing of Seed, Seedlings and Planting Material (Official Gazette of RS, Issue No. 119/07), soybean seed is allowed to be 10% infected by S. sclerotiorum. Some 30 individual soybean samples were included in our investigation and the average level of seed infection at different localities in Vojvodina (Vrbas, Bačka Palanka, Srbobran, Rimski Šančevi) during 2005, 2006 and 2007 was determined. Isolation, identification and determination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were done on the PDA nutrient medium according to the NSHS Sf 3.1. method. Seed incubation was done for 10 days at 25ºC, and infection was estimated after 3, 5, 7 and 10 days. The fungus develops characteristic and easily recognized colonies. The fungus mycelia are white or cream in colour, and the sclerotia develop regularly, mostly at the edges of the colony. Our results showed relatively low levels of infection by the fungus, with the average levels over the years being 0.25-3.25% in 2005, 0.25-1.75 % in 2006, and 1.50-2.5% in 2007. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum je prouzrokovač bele truleži biljaka i ima vrlo širok krug domaćina, a posebno su osetljive biljke iz fam. Asteraceae (suncokret) i Fabaceae (soja, pasulj, boranija). Gljiva se u prirodi održava u obliku sklerocija i micelijom u semenu soje. Ispitivanje zdravstvenog stanja semena vrši se u laboratorijskim uslovima, kao jedan od važnih parametara kvaliteta semena. Pravilnikom o zdravstvenom pregledu semena, rasada i sadnog materijala ('Službeni glasnik RS' 119/07), dozvoljeno je do 10% zaraze gljivom S. sclerotiorum na semenu soje u prometu. Naša istraživanja obuhvataju ispitivanje 30 pojedinačnih uzoraka soje i utvrđivanje prosečne infekcije semena, proizvedenih u različitim lokalitetima Vojvodine (Vrbas, Bačka Palanka, Srbobran, Rimski Šančevi) tokom 2005, 2006. i 2007. godine. Izvršena je izolacija, identifikacija i determinacija gljive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na hranljivoj PDA podlozi (NSHS Sf 3.1.). Inkubacija semena traje 10 dana na 25ºC, a ocena zaraze vrši se nakon 3,5, 7. i 10. dana. Gljiva stvara karakteristične i lako prepoznatljive kolonije. Micelija gljive je bele ili smeđe boje, a sklerocije u kulturi se stvaraju redovno, uglavnom na rubovima kolonije. Naši rezultati ukazuju na relativno nisku zarazu semena ovom gljivom i u proseku procenat infekcije zaraženog semena po godinama se kreće: 2005. (0,25-3,25%); 2006. (0,25-1,75 %); 2007. (1,50-2,5%).

Great fluctuations of yield and quality of seed among localities, as well as between the years, most often due to water lacking during formation and filling of seed, are present under our production conditions. Since soybean seed is produced under different agroecological conditions, the aim of this paper was to determine the parameters relating to quality seed (purity, germination, moisture content, and mass of 1000 seeds) produced in 2006. and 2007, respectively. Production conditions in 2006. were relatively favorable for soybean seed production, which resulted in high quality seeds. Seed purity of tested varieties ranged from 98,8% to 99,6%. Germination of seed was high above the prescribed minimal value (75%), and ranged from 91 to 95%. Agro-meteorological conditions in 2007. were unfavorable for soybean production due to lacking and poor distribution of rainfalls, and high temperatures, especially during formation, and filling of seed. Unfavorable production conditions had negative influence on seed purity which ranged from 97,9 to 98,9%. Germination of seed ranged from 78% to 89% and depended on the variety. The data showed that drought significantly reduces the quality of soybean seed (seed purity, germination viability, germinability and mass of 1000 seeds). Visina prinosa i kvalitet semena soje varira iz godine u godinu i u direktnoj je zavisnosti od količine padavina i temperature vazduha u vreme cvetanja, formiranja mahuna i nalivanja zrna. Sušnih godina prinosi soje su manji, a samim tim i kvalitet semena je lošiji. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja da se analizira uticaj agrometeoroloških uslova na kvalitet semena soje (čistoća, klijavost, sadržaj vlage i masa 1000 semena) proizvedenog u 2006. i 2007. godini. Proizvodni uslovi u 2006. godini bili su relativno povoljni za proizvodnju soje, što se odrazilo i na visok kvalitet semena. Čistoća semena, kod ispitivanih sorti, bila je 98,8 do 99,6%. Klijavost semena je bila znatno iznad propisane minimalne vrednosti (75%) i iznosila je 91% do 95%. Agrometeorološki uslovi u 2007. godini bili su nepovoljni za proizvodnju soje zbog nedostatka i lošeg rasporeda padavina, kao i visokih temperatura, posebno u vreme formiranja i nalivanja zrna. Nepovoljni uslovi proizvodnje negativno su uticali na čistoću semena koja je bila 97,9 do 98,9%. Klijavost semena se kretala od 78 do 89%, a zavisila je od sorte. Dobijeni podaci pokazuju da suša značajno snižava kvalitet semena soje (čistoća semena, energija klijanja, klijavost i masa 1000 semena).

Weather conditions, especially amounts and the distribution of rainfalls, as well as, drought, significantly reduce yields and quality of soybean seed. Unfavorable effects of drought could be successfully eliminated by crop irrigation. Three commercial soybean cultivars, and two lines developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, were tested. The seed was produced under conditions of dry land farming and irrigation. Seed germination (Standard laboratory method) and seed vigor (accelerated aging test, Hiltner test and cold test) were tested under laboratory conditions. The germination value of the seed produced under irrigation (Standard laboratory method) was higher than the value of the seed produced under dry land farming conditions. Significant differences among tested cultivars and lines were observed by the application of this test. In the estimation of seed vigor, the highest values were obtained when accelerated aging test was applied. Significant differences among tested cultivars and lines and different production conditions were obtained for seed vigor by using Hiltner and cold tests. Vremenski uslovi, posebno količina i raspored padavina, te pojava suše značajno smanjuju prinose i kvalitet semena soje. Nepovoljan uticaj suše može se uspešno eliminisati navodnjavanjem useva. Ispitivanja su izvršena na tri komercijalne sorte i dve linije soje selekcionisane u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Seme je proizvedeno u uslovima suvog ratarenja i navodnjavanja. U laboratorijskim uslovima izvršeno je ispitivanje klijavosti (standardni laboratorijski metod) i životne sposobnosti semena primenom vigor testova (test ubrzanog starenja, Hiltner test i hladni test). Seme proizvedeno u uslovima navodnjavanja imalo je veću klijavost primenom standardnog laboratorijskog metoda od semena proizvedenog u uslovima suvog ratarenja. Primenom ovog testa uočene su značajne razlike između ispitivanih sorti i linija. U oceni životne sposobnosti semena najviše vrednosti dobijene su primenom testa ubrzanog starenja. Značajne razlike u životnoj sposobnosti semena, između ispitivanih sorti i linija, i različitih uslova proizvodnje dobijene su primenom Hiltner i hladnog testa.

A molecular screening method based on multiplex PCR that involves amplification of specific soybean or maize sequences from plant DNA (lectin or zein) and the amplification of 35S promoter and NOS terminator,for the detection of genetically modified soybean and maize was developed. The new method is proposed,for the simulicmeous cletcctimt of tree genetic elements in the.same run as reliable method for rapid detection of genetically, modified plants with sensitivity of 0.1%.

The quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] food products been associated with subunit composition of storage proteins. The objective of this study was to estimate protein composition of seed storage proteins, glycinin and β-conglycinin, among high-protein soybean genotypes. The trials were carried out at Experimental Fields of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia during 2004 and 2005. The protein structure was estimated by scanning SDS-PAGE gels using densitometry. Our study confirmed observation that high-protein cultivars accumulated higher amount of both glycinin and β-conglycinin. Genotype KO5311 had the optimal protein composition and could be beneficial in breeding programs aimed at altering composition of seed storage proteins. The significant differences were observed among years for the protein content, α’ and β-subunits of β-conglycinin. Kvalitet proizvoda od soje zavisi od sadržaja proteinskih frakcija rezervnih proteina. Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje proteinske strukture visoko- proteinskih genotipova soje, kao i određivanje relativnog sadržaja glicininskih i β-konglicininskih subjedinica. Ogled je izveden na poljima Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo tokom 2004. i 2005. godine, a proteinska struktura određena je pomoću SDS PAGE i analizirana denzitometrijski. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da usled povećanja ukupnih proteina dolazi i do povećanja sadržaja proteinskih frakcija. Genotip KO5311 pokazao je najpovoljniju proteinsku strukturu i mogao bi imati značaj u oplemenjivanju soje na specifičan proteinski sastav. Uticaj godine na proteinske frakcije ustanovljen je samo kod α’ i β subjedinice β konglicinina i sadržaj ukupnih proteina.