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BACKGROUND: Despite advances in intravesical therapy and surgery, up to 30% of NMIBC suffer progression to MIBC. OBJECTIVES: To identify the valuable prognostic biomarkers, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of Sox2, YAP1, and IMP3 in 60 cases of NMIBC who underwent TURBT with adjuvant intravesical bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG). METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression was done on a sixty patients who complained from primary papillary superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder (Stage Ta-T1).Their predicting role for recurrence, progression, progression-free survival (PFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was assessed. RESULTS: High Sox2 expression was observed in 55% of NMIBC cases, and it was significantly associated with the tumor size, grade, and stage (p <0.001 for each). High YAP1 was noted in 33.3% of the cases, and its expression was significantly associated with the tumor size, grade, and stage (p <0.001 for each). Strong IMP3 expression was detected in 45% of the cases, and it was associated with the tumor size, grade, and stage (p < 0.001 for each). Analysis of follow-up period revealed that NMIBC with high Sox2, high YAP1, and Strong IMP3 expression exhibited a potent relation with tumor recurrence, progression, and shorter RFS & PFS. CONCLUSIONS: High Sox2, high YAP1, and strong IMP3 could be considered as adverse prognostic factors of tumor recurrence and progression in NMIBC, and these patients should be followed carefully. Therefore, we suggest that Sox2, YAP1 and IMP3 should be considered and evaluated during the selection of the appropriate management strategy for NMIBC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The treatment strategies of astrocytoma have not changed considerably due to the restricted appreciation of its biology. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of the stem cell-related proteins (CD133 and Sox2) and their prognostic value in astrocytic glioma. METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression of CD133 and Sox2 in 40 patients with an astrocytic glioma of different grades was studied. The recorded data on the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and the response to the therapeutic protocol were collected and lastly analyzed. RESULTS: CD133 expression was observed in 87.5% of the cases, while positive Sox2 expression was found in all the studied cases. There was a significant association of CD133 expression with the histological grade and the tumor size (p < 0.001). A significant association of Sox2 with the histological grade and the tumor size was noted (p = 0.004, p = 0.006 respectively). Up-regulation of both CD133 and Sox2 had a significant association with poor clinical response to the therapy (p < 0.001 for each). Shorter OS and PFS were related to CD133 and Sox2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: : Astrocytoma with CD133 and Sox2 overexpression had an unfavorable prognosis and poor clinical response to the current therapeutic protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]