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Background: The Health Extension Program (HEP) is one of the most innovative community based health program launched by the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health to make health services accessible to rural communities by setting-out women Health Extension Workers (HEWs) in rural Health Posts. The HEWs are premised to provide basic, largely preventive, primary health services to rural villages and the program gives special attention to children and mothers. The objective of the study was to assess the contribution made by the Health Extension Workers in maternal and child health care service delivery in Dale district, southern Ethiopia.Methods: Using a community based cross-sectional data; the study assessed the status of mother's health service utilization and estimated the role of HEWs in maternal and child health care delivery. Mothers of reproductive age (15-49), having at least one under-five age child, were eligible for the study. The total sample size was 617 and systemic random sampling method was used to select the study subjects from each randomly selected kebeles (lower administrative units). Structured questionnaire was applied to collect data through interviewing of the selected mothers and the data were analysed using SPSS version 16 statistical software.Results: Health Posts are important health care delivery settings and their share from the overall service delivery of ANC, Family planning and child treatment services were pivotal. However, overall service coverage of ANC (four and more visits), delivery and PNC services were low in the district as compared to the national status; and the input from the HEWs, in this regard, was unsatisfactory. The number of home visits was also inadequate for the necessary support of the mothers. The results of the multiple logistic regression indicated that mothers who listen to the radio (AOR 4.62; CI 1.66-12.85) and who had received information about the MCH services by HEWs (AOR 2.09; CI 1.06-4.14) were significantly associated with good MCH service utilization status.Conclusion: Health Extension Workers can improve their role in the MCH service delivery in the district by delivering appropriate information about the different available services to the mothers at the community and household level. All concerned bodies, including federal, regional and local governments should support the efforts of HEWs and need to address the challenges for poor performance areas of the HEWs in MCH service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevention of child mortality through immunization is one of the most cost-effective and widely applied public health interventions. In Ethiopia, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) schedule is rarely completed as planned and the full immunization rate is only 24%. The objective of this study was to identify determinant factors of incomplete childhood immunization in Arbegona district, Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community based unmatched case-control study was undertaken among randomly selected children aged 12 to 23 months and with a total sample size of 548 (183 cases and 365 controls). A multi-stage sampling technique was used to get representative cases and controls. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were done to identify independent factors for incomplete immunization status of children. Qualitative data were also generated and analyzed using thematic framework.Results: The incomplete immunization status of children was significantly associated with young mothers (AOR = 9.54; 95% CI = 5.03, 18.09), being born second to fourth (AOR = 3.64; 95% CI = 1.63, 8.14) and being born fifth or later in the family (AOR = 5.27; 95% CI = 2.20, 12.64) as compared to being born first, a mother's lack of knowledge about immunization benefits (AOR = 5.51; 95% CI = 1.52, 19.94) and a mother's negative perception of vaccine side effects (AOR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.01, 3.70). The qualitative finding revealed that the migration of mothers and unavailability of vaccines on appointed immunization dates were the major reasons for partial immunization of children.Conclusion: To reduce the number of children with incomplete immunization status, the Arbegona district needs to consider specific planning for mothers with these risk profiles. A focus on strengthening health communication activities to raise immunization awareness and address concerns of vaccine side effects at community level is also needed. This could be achieved through integrating the immunization service to other elements of primary health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]