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Pseudophaeocytostroma Monkai & Phookamsak, gen. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF559820; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12716 Etymology: “ Pseudophaeocytostroma ” refers to the morphological similarity to the genus Phaeocytostroma. Saprobic on dead bamboo culms. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiomata pycnidial, immersed in the clypeus, becoming raised, erumpent, penetrating on host surface, with small black dots of conidial masses, hemispherical to subconical or lenticularis, uni- to bi-loculate, with an ostiole at the center, occasionally produced 2 ostioles in a locule, glabrous. Ostioles minutely papillate, immersed in host epidermis, circular. Conidiomatal wall consist of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, arranged in a textura angularis, with dark brown outer layers and hyaline to pale brown towards the inner layers. Paraphyses intermingled between conidiophores, broadly filiform, septate, hyaline, unbranched, obtuse at the apex, with small granules. Conidiophores tightly aggregated, subcylindrical to ampulliform, or irregular in shape, septate, hyaline to pale brown, branched only at the base. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, determinate, integrated, subcylindrical, tapering towards the apex, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia oblong to ellipsoid, obtuse at both ends, aseptate, brown, thick and smoothwalled, guttules. Type species:— Pseudophaeocytostroma bambusicola Monkai & Phookamsak Notes:— Pseudophaeocytostroma resembles the generic description of Phaeocytostroma including immersed, uni- to multilocular conidiomata, filiform paraphyses and aseptate conidia (Sutton 1980). However, their conidial shapes are different as Pseudophaeocytostroma has oblong to ellipsoid conidia, while Phaeocytostroma has ellipsoid to fusiform or pyriform conidia (Sutton 1980). Pustulomyces also has aseptate conidia, but can be distinguished from Pseudophaeocytostroma by pustule-like conidiomata and fusiform or sigmoid conidia (Dai et al. 2014). Pseudophaeocytostroma is different from Massariothea which produces distoseptate conidia, but they are similar in having uni- to multilocular conidiomata, ostiolate and filiform paraphyses (Thambugala & Hyde 2018). Stenocarpella differs from Pseudophaeocytostroma in having unilocular, elongated conidiomata, lacking paraphyses and 0–3 septate conidia (Sutton 1980, Lamprecht et al. 2011). Phylogenetic analyses results showed that Pseudophaeocytostroma clustered with Pustulomyces with 50% ML support and both genera formed a well-resolved clade basal to Phaeocytostroma sensu stricto, Massariothea and Stenocarpella with 78% ML and 76% MP support (FIGURE 1). The weak support in Pustulomyces is probably caused by the single strain. Pustulomyces also formed a separate branch basal to Pseudophaeocytostroma with no support in BI analysis, thus more sequence data from fresh collections are essential to resolve its phylogenetic placement. Therefore, we introduce Pseudophaeocytostroma as a new genus in Diaporthaceae based on a strong support in phylogenetic incongruence to other related genera (viz. Phaeocytostroma, Pustulomyces, Massariothea and Stenocarpella), although the morphological characteristics of Pseudophaeocytostroma and Phaeocytostroma are not significantly different., Published as part of Monkai, Jutamart, Phookamsak, Rungtiwa, Xu, Sheng, Xu, Jianchu, Mortimer, Peter E., Karunarathna, Samantha C., Suwannarach, Nakarin & Lumyong, Saisamorn, 2022, Pseudophaeocytostroma bambusicola gen. et sp. nov. (Diaporthaceae) from bamboo in Yunnan, P. R. China, pp. 39-51 in Phytotaxa 571 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7270446, {"references":["Sutton, B. C. (1980) The Coelomycetes. Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, pp. 1 - 696.","Dai, D. Q., Wijayawardene, N. N., Bhat, D. J., Chukeatirote, E., Bahkali, A. H., Zhao, R. L., Xu, J. C. & Hyde, K. D. (2014) Pustulomyces gen. nov. accommodated in Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales, as revealed by morphology and molecular analyses. Cryptogamie Mycologie 35: 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.7872 / crym. v 35. iss 1.2014.63","Thambugala, K. M. & Hyde, K. D. (2018) Additions to the genus Massariothea in Diaporthaceae. Mycological Progress 17: 1139 - 1147. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 018 - 1426 - 1","Lamprecht, S. C., Crous, P. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Tewoldemedhin, Y. T. & Marasas, W. F. (2011) Diaporthaceae associated with root and crown rot of maize. IMA Fungus 2: 13 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5598 / imafungus. 2011.02.01.03"]}

Pseudophaeocytostroma bambusicola Monkai & Phookamsak, sp. nov. FIGURE 3 Index Fungorum number: IF559821; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12717 Etymology: Refers to the host bamboo from which the holotype was collected. Holotype: KUN-HKAS 124569; living culture, KUMCC 22-12407. Saprobic on dead bamboo culms. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiomata 89–420 high × 250–704 μm diam., pycnidial, immersed in the clypeus, becoming raised, erumpent, penetrating on host surface, with small black dots of conidial masses, hemispherical to subconical or lenticularis, uni- to bi-loculate, with an ostiole at the center, occasionally produced 2 ostioles in a locule, glabrous. Ostioles up to 80 μm wide, minutely papillate, immersed in host epidermis, circular. Conidiomatal wall up to 60 μm wide, consist of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, arranged in a textura angularis, with dark brown outer layers and hyaline to pale brown towards the inner layers. Paraphyses 59–148 long × 2–3 μm wide (x̅ = 99 × 2 μm, n = 20), intermingled between conidiophores, broadly filiform, septate, hyaline, unbranched, obtuse at the apex, with small granules. Conidiophores 4–10 × 2–5.5 μm (x̅ = 6 × 3 μm, n = 20), tightly aggregated, subcylindrical to ampulliform, or irregular in shape, septate, hyaline to pale brown, branched only at the base. Conidiogenous cells 8–12.5 × 2–3 μm (x̅ = 10 × 2.5 μm, n = 30), enteroblastic, phialidic, determinate, integrated, subcylindrical, tapering towards the apex, hyaline, smoothwalled. Conidia 9–13 × 3–4.5 μm (x̅ = 11 × 4 μm, n = 30), oblong to ellipsoid, obtuse at both ends, aseptate, brown, thick and smooth-walled, guttules. Known distribution:— Yunnan, China Culture characteristics:— Conidium germinating on water agar within 24 h at 25 °C. Colonies on PDA reached 5 cm diam. after 7 days at 25 °C, effuse, sparse, entire edge, circular, white in surface, dark gray to black in reverse. Material examined:— China, Yunnan Province, Honghe Autonomous Prefecture, Honghe County, Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, on dead bamboo culms, 26 January 2021, R. Phookamsak & S. C. Karunarathna, bn17 (KUN-HKAS 124569, holotype), ex-type living culture = KUMCC 22-12407; ibid., Honghe Autonomous Prefecture, Honghe County, Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, on dead bamboo culms, 26 January 2021, R. Phookamsak & S. C. Karunarathna, bn14 (KUN-HKAS 124568), living culture = KUMCC 22-12410 Notes:— The nucleotide BLAST search of ITS sequence indicated that Pseudophaeocytostroma bambusicola (KUMCC 22-12407) has the closest similarity with Phaeocytostroma sacchari strain CBS 275.34 with 96.26% similarity (Identities = 566/588, with 12 gaps), and is similar to Stenocarpella maydis strain Sm. A 1-1, CBS 117558 (ex-epitype strain), CPC 16787, CPC 16786, CPC 16782, CPC 16781, CPC 16779, CPC 16778, CPC 16777 with 95.54% similarity (Identities = 552/579, with 5 gaps). The nucleotide BLAST search of LSU sequence indicated that Ps. bambusicola (KUMCC 22-12407) has the closest similarity with Massariothea thysanolaenae strain MFLUCC 15- 0452 (ex-type strain) with 99.64% similarity (Identities = 829/832, with no gap), and is similar to P. ambiguum strain CBS 128561, CPC 17077, CPC 17076, CPC 17074, CPC 16776 with 99.64% similarity (Identities = 829/832, with one gap). The nucleotide BLAST search of TEF 1-α sequence indicated that Ps. bambusicola (KUMCC 22-12407) has the closest similarity with P. sacchari strain CBS 275.34 with 88.86% similarity (Identities = 303/341, with 11 gaps), and is similar to P. ambiguum strain CFMS _1294, CPC 17071 (ex-epitype strain), CPC 16776, CPC 17075 CPC 17074, CPC 17072, CPC 16775 with 84.83% similarity (Identities = 179/211, with 12 gaps). Pseudophaeocytostroma bambusicola is morphologically similar to Phaeocytostroma sacchari in having filiform paraphyses, aseptate, oblong to ellipsoid, brown, conidia with overlapping size (9–13 vs 9–14.5 μm) (Sutton 1964, 1980, TABLE 2). However, our new species differs from P. sacchari in having uni- to bilocular conidiomata, minutely papillate ostiole with wider conidiomata (250–704 vs 350 μm) and not abundant, septate, longer paraphyses (59–148 vs 15–35 μm), while P. sacchari has abundant and aseptate paraphyses (Sutton 1964, 1980, TABLE 2). The host preference of P. sacchari is Saccharum sp., Sorghum sp. and Zea mays (Sutton 1964, Farr & Rossman 2022, TABLE 2), whereas our new species was found on bamboo. In the phylogenetic analyses, Pseudophaeocytostroma bambusicola (KUMCC 22-12407, KUMCC 22-12410) formed a distinct subclade adjacent to Ps. “ sacchari ” strains CBS 275.34, UMICH-1, km-1 and 135 with high support (98% ML /95% MP /1.00 PP, FIGURE 1). The pairwise nucleotide comparison of ITS and TEF 1-α sequence data revealed significant differences (more than 1.5%) between Ps. bambusicola (KUMCC 22-12407) and Ps. “ sacchari ” strains CBS 275.34, km-1, UMICH-1 and 135 for each gene region (TABLE 3). The results of PHI test also supported the intraspecific variation among these strains and indicated the conspecific between strain UMICH-1 and km-1 (FIGURE 2). Thus, Ps. bambusicola was proposed as a new species based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. *The host data was also obtained from Farr & Rossman (2022) Phaeocytostroma sacchari was introduced and described by Sutton (1964). Lamprecht et al. (2011) later provided the sequence data for P. sacchari, strain CBS 275.34 which was isolated from Japan without a mention of host substrates and no description provided. Carabez et al. (2014) isolated a fungus strain UMICH-1 from sugarcane displaying stalk rot symptoms in Mexico and identified it as P. sacchari based on morphology and the high similarity of the ITS blast search. Whereas, two strains of P. sacchari (km-1 and 135) were unpublished sequences from the GenBank. Thus, morphological descriptions are not available for these strains. Therefore, we treated these strains as Ps. “ sacchari ” until their correct identification could be confirmed. The examination of ex-type or epitype specimens, more fresh collections and additional sequences are needed for further studies on morphological and genetic variation in this group.

Industrial soil contamination negatively affects flora and fauna in the soil. Nevertheless, some fungi have the ability to survive in such polluted soils. In this study, we isolated fungal strains from polluted soils in industrialized areas of Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. Fungal strains underwent morphological observations, subjected to phylogenetic analyses and subsequently described using morphological characterizations and multigene phylogenetic inferences. The molecular data of partial nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (LSU, SSU and ITS) and protein-coding genes (tef1-α, rpb2 and btub) were used to resolve the phylogeny of newly generated sequences. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses were constructed to clarify phylogenetic affinities. Based on the biphasic approach of incorporating morphology and molecular data, we introduce one new species, Juxtiphoma yunnanensis sp. nov. (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales), two new records viz. Lecanicillium dimorphum (J.D. Chen) Zare & W. Gams (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bainier (Microascaceae, Microascales) inhabit polluted soils in China.

Colletotrichum jiangxiense F. Liu and L. Cai, Persoonia 35: 82 (2015) (Figure 7) Index Fungorum number: 809161 Saprobic or pathogenic on dead Asian House Gecko, white, cottony mycelium on the skin. Sexual morph: undetermined. Asexual morph: Mycelium 1.5–3.5 μm wide (x̅ = 2.5 μm, n = 30), granular to smooth, branched, with thick-walled septa. Conidiophores 2.5–5 μm (x̅ = 4 μm, n = 15), straight to slight curved, septate, smooth-walled, narrow in the terminal with a hyaline, cylindrical. Conidiogenous cells 10–20 × 1–3 µm (x̅ = 13 × 2.5 μm, n = 20), cylindric to flask-shaped, tapering at apex to narrow, phialidic conidiogenous locus. Conidia 10–20 × 3–5 μm (x̅ = 14 × 4 μm, n = 20), cylindrical to oblong, hyaline, thick-walled, granular to smooth, around, both ends bluntly rounded, or some see bottom end acute, appressoria not observed. Substratum: Camellia sinensis (Liu et al. 2015, Jayawardena et al. 2016 a, Wang et al. 2020); Citrus sinensis (De Silva et al. 2017) Persea americana (Fuentes-Aragón et al. 2020); Distribution: China (Liu et al. 2015, Jayawardena et al. 2016 a, De Silva et al. 2017, Wang et al. 2020); Mexico (Fuentes-Aragón et al. 2020); Material examined: China, Yunnan Province, on dead Asian House Gecko, Peter E. Mortimer, F-1 (Herb. KUN-HKAS 122653), living culture, KUMCC 21-0466. Genbank numbers: ITS: OM 670162, HIS: OM 744410, CAL: OM 744409, ACT: OM 744408, tub2: OM 744407, GPDH: OM 744411. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA fast-growing, reach 60 mm in one week, above effuse, aerial mycelium, cottony, light grayish to olivaceous with white margin. Reverse: grayish orange to pale brown, black-brown at the central inoculation, with black pigmented margin, not sporulated, without pigments produced in PDA. Notes: Colletotrichum jiangxiense was first introduced by Liu et al. (2015) from Jiangxi province, China. Our isolate KUMCC 21-0466 has similar morphologies to members of Colletotrichum, and the BLASTn results of GAPDH, CHS- 1, ACT, tub2, CAL and ITS of our strain indicate 99–100% similarity with C. jiangxiense ZY 12 and C. jiangxiense (COP 27.905, LF 488). The multi-locus phylogenetic trees also showed our new isolate clusters together with C. jiangxiense ZY 12 with high statistical support values (ML: 94%, BI: 0.96; Figure 6); thus, we report C. jiangxiense KUMCC 21-0466 as a new host record associated with a reptile (Asian House Gecko) in this study., Published as part of Yang, Erfu, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Dai, Dongqin, Promputtha, Itthayakorn, Mortimer, Peter E. & Karunarathna, Samantha C., 2022, Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China, pp. 37-56 in Phytotaxa 545 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6520349, {"references":["Liu, F., Weir, B. S., Damm, U., Crous, P. W., Wang, Y., Liu, B., Wang, M., Zhang, M., Cai, L. (2015) Unravelling Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia: employing ApMat and GS loci to resolve species in the C. gloeosporioides complex. Persoonia 35: 63 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158515 X 687597","Jayawardena, R. S., Hyde, K. D., Damm, U., Cai, L., Liu, M., Li, X. H., Zhang, W., Zhao, W. S. & Yan, J. Y. (2016 a) Notes on currently accepted species of Colletotrichum. Mycosphere 7: 1192 - 1260. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / si / 2 c / 9","Hallouti, A., Ait Hamza, M., Zahidi, A., Ait Hammou, R., Bouharroud, R., Ait Ben Aoumar, A. & Boubaker, H. (2020) Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi associated with Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae )) in Moroccan Argan forests and nearby area: Impact of soil factors on their distribution. BMC ecology 20: 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12898 - 020 - 00334 - 2","De Silva, D. D., Ades, P. K., Crous, P. W. & Taylor, P. W. J. (2017) Colletotrichum species associated with chili anthracnose in Australia. Plant Pathology 66: 254 - 267. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ppa. 12572","Fuentes-Aragon, D., Silva-Rojas, H. V., Guarnaccia, V., Mora-Aguilera, J. A., Aranda-Ocampo, S., Bautista-Martinez, N. & Teliz-Ortiz, D. (2020) Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose on avocado fruit in Mexico: Current status. Plant Pathology 69: 1513 - 1528. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ppa. 13234","Imoulan, A., Hussaina, M., Kirka, P. M., Mezianee, A. E. & Yao, Y. J. (2017) Entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria: host specificity, ecology and significance of morpho-molecular characterization in accurate taxonomic classification. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20: 1204 - 1212. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2017.08.015","Wang, Q. H., Fan, K., Li, D. W., Han, C. M., Qu, Y. Y., Qi, Y. K. & Wu, X. Q. (2020) Identification, virulence and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ss responsible for walnut anthracnose disease in China. Plant disease 104: 1358 - 1368. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PDIS- 12 - 19 - 2569 - RE"]}

Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill., Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 59: 40 (1912) (Figure 5) Index Fungorum number: IF 199430 Saprobic or pathogenic on a dead Asian House Gecko, mycelium clusters on the forehead, recognized as a white, raised, fluffy region. Sexual morph: undetermined. Asexual morph: Aerial mycelium dense, raised, entire edge, white to yellowish, velutinous, powdery while sporulating, yellowish-brown from reverse. Vegetative hyphae 1–3 μm (x̅ = 1.7 μm, n = 30) wide, branched, hyaline, smooth, thick-walled, occasionally jagged wall, septate, constricted at the septum, terminal round, Conidiogenous cells 4–11 μm (x̅ = 7.5 μm, n = 20) long, 1–3 μm (x̅ = 2 μm, n = 20) wide, solitary or occurring in lateral clusters, cylindrical, subglobose to ampulliform. Conidia 2–3 × 1–2.5 μm (x̅ = 2.5 × 2 μm, n = 20), catenated, globose to ellipsoidal, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled. Culture characteristics: Colonies growing on PDA reach 15 mm in diameter after one week at 27 °C, and randomly sporulating within one month in PDA, above low convex, entire edge, fluffy, white. Reverse: yellowish brown. Sporulated within one month, visible the effuse, white clusters of mycelia with conidia, without pigments produced in PDA. Substratum: insect, Coleoptera (Tzean et al. 1997); Fragaria ananassa (Rigotti et al. 2003); Cosmopolites sordidus, Hypothenemus hampei, Leucoptera coffeella, Phyllophaga sp., Plutella xylostella (Delgado 2011); Vitis vinifera (Elena et al. 2018); Cannabis sativa (Punja et al. 2019); Coffea arabica (Serrato-Diaz et al. 2020). Distribution: Taiwan, China (Tzean et al. 1997); Switzerland (Rigotti et al. 2003); Nicaragua (Delgado 2011); Spain (Elena et al. 2018); Canada (Punja et al. 2019); Puerto Rico (Serrato-Diaz et al. 2020), China mainland (this study). Material examined: China, Yunnan Province, on dead Asian House Gecko, Peter E. Mortimer, F-5 (Herb. KUN-HKAS 122655), living culture, KUMCC 21-0468. Genbank numbers: ITS: OM 670163, rpb1: OM 681324, rpb2: OM 681325, tef1-α: OM 681322, Bloc: OM 681323. Notes: Our isolate KUMCC 21-0468 fits with the characteristics of Beauveria bassiana by having an asexual morph producing globose to subglobose, catenated conidia, aseptate, hyaline, with globose to flask-shaped phialides; conidiogenous cells normally cluster on the terminals of branched hypha (Paul Vuillemin et al. 1912, Chen et al. 2013). The clade B. bassiana was analysed in detail by Khonsanit et al. (2020). The ITS BLASTn results of our isolate highly overlapped with Beauveria bassiana strains BCC 34332, ARSEF 751 and BBC12907, while rpb1, rpb2 and tef1-α show high matches to B. bassiana ARSEF 1040 (>99%). In addition, Bloc gene region showed 100% (1486/1492, 1 gap) similarity to B. bassiana (ARSEF 4934), and our tree topology of the ML and BI analyses also shows KUMCC 21-0468 is closely related to B. bassiana ARSEF 1040 with high statistical supports (Figure 4). Therefore, our isolate KUMCC 21-0468 is identified as Beauveria bassiana, which is a new host record based on morphological features and phylogenetic evidences., Published as part of Yang, Erfu, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Dai, Dongqin, Promputtha, Itthayakorn, Mortimer, Peter E. & Karunarathna, Samantha C., 2022, Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China, pp. 37-56 in Phytotaxa 545 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6520349, {"references":["Tzean, S. S., Hsieh, L. S. & Wu, W. J. (1997) Atlas of entomopathogenic fungi from Taiwan. Council of Agriculture 1: 214.","Rigotti, S., Gindrat, D. & Viret, O. (2003) Fungi from symptomless strawberry plants in Switzerland. Fungi from symptomless strawberry plants in Switzerland 42: 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.14601 / Phytopathol _ Mediterr- 1690","Delgado, G. R. E. G. O. R. I. O. (2011) Nicaraguan fungi: a checklist of hyphomycetes. Mycotaxon 115: 534.","Elena, G., Bruez, E., Rey, P. & Luque, J. (2018) Microbiota of grapevine woody tissues with or without esca-foliar symptoms in northeast Spain. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 57: 425 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.14601 / Phytopathol _ Mediterr- 23337","Punja, Z. K., Collyer, D., Scott, C., Lung, S., Holmes, J. & Sutton, D. (2019) Pathogens and molds affecting production and quality of Cannabis sativa L. Frontiers in plant science 10: 1120. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fpls. 2019.01120","Serrato-Diaz, L. M., Marino, Y. A. & Bayman, P. (2020) Pathogens causing Anthracnose and fruit rots of coffee associated with the coffee berry borer and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in Puerto Rico. Phytopathology 110: 1541 - 1552. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PHYTO- 02 - 20 - 0057 - R","Paul Vuillemin, M. (1912) Beauveria, nouveau genre de Verticilliacees. Bulletin de la societe botanique de france 59: 34 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1912.10832379","Chen, M. J., Huang, B., Li, Z. Z., Spatafora, J. W. (2013) Morphological and genetic characterisation of Beauveria sinensis sp. nov. from China. Mycotaxon 124: 301 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.5248 / 124.301","Khonsanit, A., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Thanakitpipattana, D., Noisripoom, W., Chaitika, T. & Kobmoo, N. (2020) Cryptic diversity of the genus Beauveria with a new species from Thailand. Mycological Progress 19: 291 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 020 - 01557 - 9"]}

Beauveria Vuill., Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 59: 40 (1912) Index Fungorum number: IF 7346 Type species: Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill., Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 59: 40 (1912) Notes: Beauveria was first described by Balsamo-Crivelli (1835) as Botrytis bassiana, but later the name was changed to Beauveria bassiana, and it was assigned as the type species of new independent genus Beauveria in Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales (Paul Vuillemin 1912). This genus was characterized asexually by having globose bases and extended denticulate rachis, unicellular, ball-like, holoblastic conidia (et al. 2011, Chen et al. 2013), whereas the sexual morphs produce solitary, paired or gregarious stromata, cylindrical to clavate, yellowish to orange, cylindrical and filiform ascospores (Kepler et al. 2017). Beauveria bassiana has been reported as a pathogen of silkworms as early as 900 AD in Japan, and it was documented that the pathogen resulted in serious silkworm disease in Italy and France around 1800 (Samson et al. 2013). However, some Beauveria spp. also were reported as endophytes or saprobes associated with various plants (Vega et al. 2008, Moonjely et al. 2016, Imoulana et al. 2017, Chen et al. 2018, Khonsanit et al. 2020). Beauveria is a widespread anamorphic genus of entomopathogenic fungi, which includes ecologically and economically important species, for example, B. bassiana is widely utilized as a biological pest control agent in agriculture (Zimmermann 2007, Khonsanit et al. 2020)., Published as part of Yang, Erfu, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Dai, Dongqin, Promputtha, Itthayakorn, Mortimer, Peter E. & Karunarathna, Samantha C., 2022, Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China, pp. 37-56 in Phytotaxa 545 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6520349, {"references":["Balsamo-Crivelli, G. (1835) Osservazione sopra una nuova spezie di Mucedinea del genere Botrytis. Biblioteca di Bibliografia Italiana 79: 125.","Paul Vuillemin, M. (1912) Beauveria, nouveau genre de Verticilliacees. Bulletin de la societe botanique de france 59: 34 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1912.10832379","Costa, E. M. D., Pimenta, F. C., Luz, C., Oliveira, V. D., Oliveira, M., Bueno, E. & Petrofeza, S. (2011) Beauveria bassiana: quercetinase production and genetic diversity. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 42: 12 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1517 - 83822011000100002","Chen, M. J., Huang, B., Li, Z. Z., Spatafora, J. W. (2013) Morphological and genetic characterisation of Beauveria sinensis sp. nov. from China. Mycotaxon 124: 301 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.5248 / 124.301","Kepler, R. M., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Hywel-Jones, N. L., Quandt, C. A., Sung, G. H., Rehner, S. A., Aime, M. C., Henkel, T. W., Sanjuan, T., Zare, R., Chen, M., Li, Z., Rossman, A. Y., Spatafora, J. W. & Shrestha, B. (2017) A phylogenetically-based nomenclature for Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales). IMA Fungus 8: 335 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.5598 / imafungus. 2017.08.02.08","Samson, R. A., Evans, H. C. & Latge, J. P. (2013) Atlas of entomopathogenic fungi. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 703 - 705.","Vega, F. E., Posada, F., Aime, M. C., Pava-Ripoll, M., Infante, F. & Rehner, S. A. (2008) Entomopathogenic fungal endophytes. Biological Control 46: 72 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2008.01.008","Moonjely, S., Barelli, L. & Bidochka, M. J. (2016) Insect pathogenic fungi as endophytes. Advances in Genetics 94: 107 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / bs. adgen. 2015.12.004","Chen, W. H., Liu, M., Huang, Z. X., Yang, G. M., Han, Y. F., Liang, J. D. & Liang, Z. Q. (2018) Beauveria majiangensis, a new entomopathogenic fungus from Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 333: 243 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 333.2.8","Khonsanit, A., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Thanakitpipattana, D., Noisripoom, W., Chaitika, T. & Kobmoo, N. (2020) Cryptic diversity of the genus Beauveria with a new species from Thailand. Mycological Progress 19: 291 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 020 - 01557 - 9","Zimmermann, G. (2007) Review on safety of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii. Biocontrol Science and Technology 17: 553 - 596. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09583150701309006"]}

Colletotrichum Corda, Deutschlands Flora, Abt. III. Die Pilze Deutschlands 3 (12): 41, tab. 21 (1831) Index Fungorum number: IF 7737 Type species: Colletotrichum lineola Corda, Deutschlands Flora (Nürnberg): 41 (1832) Notes: Colletotrichum was introduced by Corda (1831), with C. lineola as the type species, and it is the sole member of Glomerellaceae (Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes) (Hyde et al. 2020). The sexual morph of this genus is characterized by glomerella-like, semi-immersed to aerial, sphaerical, dark-brown ascomata, with or without setae, cylindrical asci contain clavate, elongate to fusiform, multi-septate ascospores (Jayawardena et al. 2016a).The anamorph of Colletotrichum is characterized by having hyaline conidiophores formed on aerial mycelium, cylindrical to clavate conidiogenous cells, conidia cylindrical to clavate, apically round, granular, sepatae or aseptate (Diao et al. 2017). Dean et al. (2012) proposed that Colletotrichum is one of the most common and important plant pathogenic genera generally causing diseases such as anthracnose, seedling blights, and red rot on various plants, include economical crops, around the world (Silva-Rojas & Ávila-Quezada 2011, Wang et al. 2021). Some Colletotrichum species were also introduced as endophytes and saprobes (Jayawardena et al. 2020). In addition, Colletotrichum species have been identified as human pathogens or entomopathogens (Damm et al. 2012, Natarajan et al. 2013, Talhinhas & Baroncelli et al. 2021). Currently, Index Fungorum (2022) lists over 1000 species epithets of Colletotrichum (Kirk et al. 2015)., Published as part of Yang, Erfu, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Dai, Dongqin, Promputtha, Itthayakorn, Mortimer, Peter E. & Karunarathna, Samantha C., 2022, Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China, pp. 37-56 in Phytotaxa 545 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6520349, {"references":["Corda, A. C. J. (1831) Deutschlands Flora, Abt. III. Die Pilze Deutschlands 3: 33 - 64.","Hyde, K. D., Jeewon, R., Chen, Y. J., Bhunjun, C. S., Calabon, M. S., Jiang, H. B., Lin, C. G., Norphanphoun, C., Sysouphanthong, P., Pem, D., Tibpromma, S., Zhang, Q., Doilom, M., Jayawardena, R. S., Liu, J. K., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Phukhamsakda, C., Phookamsak, R., Al-Sadi, A. M., Thongklang, N., Wang, Y., Gaforov, Y., Jones, E. B. G. & Lumyong, S. (2020) The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening?. Fungal Diversity 103: 219 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 020 - 00458 - 2.","Jayawardena, R. S., Hyde, K. D., Damm, U., Cai, L., Liu, M., Li, X. H., Zhang, W., Zhao, W. S. & Yan, J. Y. (2016 a) Notes on currently accepted species of Colletotrichum. Mycosphere 7: 1192 - 1260. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / si / 2 c / 9","Diao, Y. Z., Zhang, C., Liu, F., Wang, W. Z., Liu, L., Cai, L. & Liu, X. L. (2017) Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease of chili in China. Persoonia 38: 20 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158517 X 692788","Dean, R., Van Kan, J. A., Pretorius, Z. A., Hammond-Kosack, K. E., Di Pietro, A., Spanu, P. D., Rudd, J. J., Dickman, M., Kahmann, R., Ellis, J., Foster, G. D. (2012) The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Molecular plant pathology 13: 414 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1364 - 3703.2011.00783. x","Silva-Rojas, H. V. & Avila-Quezada, G. D. (2011) Phylogenetic and morphological identification of Colletotrichum boninense: a novel causal agent of anthracnose in avocado. Plant Pathology 60: 899 - 908. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3059.2011.02452. x","Wang, W., de Silva, D. D., Moslemi, A., Edwards, J., Ades, P. K., Crous, P. W. & Taylor, P. W. (2021) Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose of citrus in Australia. Journal of Fungi 7: 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / jof 7010047","Jayawardena, R. S., Hyde, K. D., Chen, Y. J., Papp, V., Palla, B., Papp, D., Bhunjun, C. S., Hurdeal, V. G., Senwanna, C., Manawasinghe, I. S., Harischandra, D. L., Gautam, A. K., Avasthi, S., Chuankid, B., Goonasekara, I. D., Hongsanan, S., Zeng, X. Y., Liyanage, K. K., Liu, N., Karunarathna, A., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Luangharn, T., Raspe, O., Brahmanage, R., Doilom, M., Lee, H. B., Mei, L., Jeewon, R., Huanraluek, N., Chaiwan, N., Stadler, M. & Wang, Y. (2020) One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76 - 100 Fungal Diversity 103: 87 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 020 - 00460 - 8","Damm, U., Cannon, P. F., Woudenberg, J. H. C. & Crous, P. W. (2012) The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. Studies in mycology 73: 37 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim 0010","Natarajan, S. V., Rekha, N. S., Sharda, R. D. & Mahalingam, N. (2013) Colletotrichum keratitis: a rare but definite clinical entity. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research 7: 1430. https: // doi. org / 10.7860 / JCDR / 2013 / 5513.3156","Talhinhas, P. & Baroncelli, R. (2021) Colletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status. Fungal Diversity 110: 109 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 021 - 00491 - 9"]}

During an investigation into the microfungi on Dracaena fragrans in Thailand, a saprobic taxon belonging to Glomerellaceae was collected. Based on morphological characterization and combined phylogenetic analyses of ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, ACT and TUB2 sequence data from the sexual and asexual morphs our taxon was identified as a new species of Colletotrichum. Colletotrichum dracaenigenum sp. nov. is introduced here with a full description, colour photographs of morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new taxon in the gloeosporioides species complex.