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Copyright of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• We synthesized three imines with triphenylamine or terthiophene core. • We analyse photovoltaic properties in the level of symmetry of imines, presence of DIO, DPE, PFN. • The J-V effects depend on the chemical structure of imine and presence of additives. • Organic solar cells containing PV-BLJ-SC2 imine and PTB7:PC 71 BM:DIO showed the efficiency increased by more than 107 % compared with reference device lack of imine. • We presents a quite effective and cheap method to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells by adopting a ternary approach. In this paper the influence of imine symmetry and triphenylamine moieties presence on photovoltaic properties of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells were analysed in details. Three imines: (E)-N-(4-((4-((E)-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)phenyl)(phenyl)amino)benzylidene)benzo[d]thiazol-2-imine (PV-BLJ-SC1), (E)-N-(4-diphenylamino)benzylidene)benzo[d]thiazol-2-imine (PV-BLJ-SC2) and (N,N'E,N,N'E)-N,N'-([2,2′:5′,2′'-terthiophene]-5,5′'-diylbis(methanylylidene))bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-imine) (PV-BLJ-SC3) were investigated as donor or acceptor components in binary and ternary active layer. Moreover, the influence of admixture (1,8-diiodooctane or diphenyl ether), and presence of poly[(9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9–dioctylfluorene)] as cathode buffer layer on the photovoltaic parameters of the constructed imine-containing solar cells was analysed in details. All the conducted experiments confirmed the possibility of using unsymmetrical imine PV-BLJ-SC2, showing the best results, in organic photovoltaics. The HOMO and LUMO levels of the imines were determined by cyclic voltammetry, showing dependance of on the chemical structure and its symmetry, and for PV-BLJ-SC2 gaved −5.07 eV and −2.23 eV, respectively. In the case of PV-BLJ-SC1 and PV-BLJ-SC2 the electron density of HOMO was mainly located on triphenylamine moieties, while in the case of PV-BLJ-SC3 on thiophene moieties, as it was confirmed by the density functional theory studies. Based on the highest conductivity (9 × 10-8 S/cm2) result for PV-BLJ-SC2, this imine was selected to prepare binary and ternary layers with PTB7 or PTB7:PC 71 BM and thermal imaging studies were performed. Finally, PV-BLJ-SC2 was introduced to the PTB7:PC 71 BM binary system, where a power conversion efficiency as high as 4.17% was achieved after the addition of 1,8-diiodooctane. It gaved better result than the reference sample containing PTB7:PC 71 BM and 1,8-diiodooctane (3.11%). In the case of reference solar cells the addition of 1,8-diiodooctane improved the efficiency of about 22 %, while for solar cells containing also PV-BLJ-SC2 imine the efficiency increased by more than 107 %. Our study presents a quite effective and cheap method to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells by adopting a ternary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, use of supercapacitors as energy storage systems has attracted considerable attention. However, the literature is scarce of information about the optimization of hybrid systems, using supercapacitors as the main energy storage system. In our study, we focused step-by-step on the engineering concept of a photo-rechargeable energy storage system based on silicon solar cells and supercapacitors. In the first step, based on commercially available elements, we designed a solar charger and simulated its work in idealized conditions. Secondly, we designed appropriate electronic connections and control systems, allowing for the charging–discharging process of the energy storage system. After constructing three type of demonstrators of solar energy charger, we tested it. The novel design allowed us to achieve total available energy from solar panel energy conversion up to 93%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planar perovskite solar cells were fabricated on F-doped SnO2 (FTO) coated glass substrates, with 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-((1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(N,N-di-p-tolylaniline) (bTAThDaz) as hole transport material. This imine was synthesized in one step reaction, starting from commercially available and relatively inexpensive reagents. Electrochemical, optical, electrical, thermal and structural studies including thermal images and current-voltage measurements of the full solar cell devices characterize the imine in details. HOMO-LUMO of bTAThDaz were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and energy-resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ER-EIS) and were found at −5.19 eV and −2.52 eV (CV) and at −5.5 eV and −2.3 eV (ER-EIS). The imine exhibited 5% weight loss at 156 °C. The electrical behavior and photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cell was examined for FTO/TiO2/perovskite/bTAThDaz/Ag device architecture. Constructed devices exhibited good time and air stability together with quite small effect of hysteresis. The observed solar conversion efficiency was 14.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study new symmetrical and unsymmetrical imines based on 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)1,3-thiazol-2-yl]aniline and 2,2′,5′,2"-terthiophene-5,5"-dicarboxaldehyde or 2,2':5′, 2"-terthiophene-5-carboxaldehyde, respectively, were synthesized by melt condensation with the yield of 86% and 40%. The 5% weight loss of the imines was found in temperature range from 294 to 390 °C in nitrogen, depending on the symmetry of aldehyde used in synthesis. The band gap of symmetrical imine (PV-BLJ-SC13) is lower by about ∼0.33 eV than that of unsymmetrical PV-BLJ-SC14. For both imines the electron density of HOMO level is mainly located on thiophene moieties and is extended to imine bonds in thiazole rings and imine moieties. The theoretical calculations of their HOMO-LUMO levels by DFT methods were also provided. The UV–Vis absorption spectra and cyclic voltammograms of imines both in the form of thin films cast on the electrode as well as dissolved in 1,2-dichloromethane were studied to determine the electrochemical and optical band gap energies as well as correlate the positions of HOMO and LUMO levels obtained by DFT and electrochemical methods. The resistance of imines was approximately 113.8 Ω and 102.4 Ω for PV-BLJ-SC13 and PV-BLJ-SC14, respectively as determined by IR thermal images and have a tendency to decrease by about 17–24 Ω when mixed with PTB7 and PC 71 BM. Both imines showed very bright luminescence. Moreover, optical absorption, photoluminescence and IR thermal images were measured for imine:PTB7 or imine:PTB7:PC 71 BM composite. Finally, simple organic solar cells based on (PTB7:imine):PC 71 BM in weight ratio (4:1):8 and (8:1):13 w/w were constructed and characterized. The highest power conversion efficiency, which was equal to 0.42% was determined for the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTB7:PV-BLJ-SC13:PC 71 BM (4:1):8/Al device. In addition, the power conversion efficiency was strongly dependent on the weight ratio of imine in active layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three novel discotic compounds were synthesized and used as smart dopants for organic solar cells. • All compounds exhibit columnar rectangular phase stability over a reasonably broad temperature. • The best homogeneity of heat distribution with resistance value 26.4–53.5 Ω. • The best PCE of 3.02% in small-molecule organic solar cells. Three new discotic liquid crystalline (DLC) penta(phenylethynyl)benzene derivatives (HSC0X , X = 1–3) in nonchiral, homogeneously chiral, and racemic conformations were used as smart dopants between poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][s-fluoro-2-[2–ethylhexyl]carbonyl]thirno[3,4–b]thiophene- diyl]](PTB7) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM) which can achieve one-dimensional (1D) charge transportation for organic solar cells (OSCs). All HSC0X exhibits columnar rectangular phase stability over a reasonably broad temperature and is characterized by powder X-ray analysis and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The thermal imaging revealed the best homogeneity of heat distribution for devices PTB7 : PC 71 BM : HSC0X ternary active layer with resistance value 26.4–53.5 Ω. The resulting power conversion efficiency (PCE) values were strongly dependent on the molecular conformation and specific amount of the dopants in an active layer. A narrow band gap at 1.01 eV was found for the nonchiral discotic material (HSC01) as well as a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of ∼ -5.34 eV and the best PCE of 3.02%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]