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In the present study, persistence and degradation of tembotrione, a triketone herbicide, was studied in loamy soil collected from maize field. Effects of organic amendments, moistures and temperatures on tembotrione dissipation were evaluated. Soil samples were processed according to the modified QuEChERS involving dichloromethane solvent and MgSO 4 without PSA. Analysis using LC-MS/MS showed >95% recoveries of tembotrione its two metabolites TCMBA and M5 from fortified soils. Tembotrione residues dissipated with time and 85.55 to 98.53% dissipation was found on 90th day under different treatments. Tembotrione dissipation increased with temperature and moisture content of the soil. Among organic amendments, highest dissipation was observed in vermicompost amended soil. Minimum and maximum half-lives of tembotrione were recorded under 35 °C (15.7 days) and air-dry (33 days) conditions, respectively. Residues of tembotrione declined with time while that of TCMBA increased steadily up to 10-45 th day in different treatments and declined thereafter. Residues of M5 were not detected in our experiments. Tembotrione persistence was negatively correlated with the organic carbon (%), moisture regimes, and temperature. A good correlation between soil microbial biomass carbon and degradation was found. A two-way ANOVA indicated significant differences between the treatments at 95% confidence level ( p  < 0.05).

Heterogeneous flow pathways through the soil determine the transport of dissolved and particle-bound nutritional elements like phosphorus (P) to ground and surface waters. This study was designed to understand the spatial patterns of P in agriculturally used soils and the mechanisms causing P accumulation and depletion at the centimetre scale. We conducted dye tracer experiments using Brilliant Blue on a loamy Stagnosol in North-Eastern-Germany. The plant-available P was analysed using double lactate extraction (DL-P). The plant-available P content of the topsoil was significantly higher than that of the subsoil in all three replicates (p < 0.001). The topsoil's stained areas showed significantly higher P contents than unstained areas (p < 0.05), while the opposite was found for the subsoil. The P content varied enormously across all observed soil profiles (4 to 112 mg P kg -1  soil) and different categories of flow patterns (matrix flow, flow fingers, macropore flow, and no visible transport pathways). The P contents of these transport pathways differed significantly and followed the order: P matrix flow  > P finger flow  > P no visible transport pathways  > P macropore flow . We conclude that P tends to accumulate along flow pathways in the topsoil in the observed fertilized and tilled mineral soil. In contrast, in the subsoil at a generally lower P level, P is depleted from the prominent macroporous flow domains., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The present laboratory study was conducted in pot soil taken from forest. The leaching of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) (plant macronutrients) due to the application of a nitrogen phosphate-based long-term fire retardant (LTFR) (Fire Trol 931) was investigated. The concentrations of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and K(+) were measured in the resulting leachates from pots with forest soil and pine tree alone and in combination with fire. Magnesium is a minor component of Fire Trol 931. The leaching of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and K(+) from treated soils with the retardant pots was significantly greater than that from control pots. The leaching of Mg(2+) was found to be of small percentage of the initially applied Mg quantities. Fire Trol 931 application resulted in the leaching of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and K(+) from a typical Mediterranean forest soil in pots, following the application of simulated annual precipitation probably due to ammonium (one of the major retardant components) soil deposition that mobilizes base cations from the soil. It seems that LTFR application may result in chemical leaching from the soil to the drainage water.

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid product obtained by the pyrolysis of organic materials. The carbon stability of biochar allows that it can be applied to soil for long-term carbon storage. This carbon stability is greatly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature and the raw material used for biochar production. The aim of the present work is to study the soil carbon sequestration after the application of biochar from sewage sludge (SL) pyrolysis at two different temperatures (400 and 600 °C). For this purpose, soil CO2 emissions were measured for 80 d in an incubation experiment after soil amendment with the SL and each biochar at a dosage of 8 wt%. Biochar reduced the CO2 emissions during incubation between 11% and 32% relative to the SL treatment. The CO2 data were fit to a dual exponential model, and the CO2 emissions were simulated at different times (1, 5 and 10 yr). Additionally, the kinetics of the CO2 evolution from SL, two biochar samples, soil and amended soil were well fit to a dual first-order kinetic model with correlation coefficients greater than 0.93. The simulation of CO2 emissions from the soil by applying the proposed double first-order kinetic model (kg CO2-C ha(-1)) showed a reduction of CO2 emissions between 301 and 932 kg CO2-C ha(-1)with respect to the direct application of raw sewage sludge after 10 yr., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature and water pressure head on the degradation of the diketonitrile metabolite (DKN) of isoxaflutole during 84d in samples collected in a loamy soil under conventional (CT) and conservation (MT) tillage systems. Soil temperature was the major factor controlling DKN degradation in the two tillage systems. The shortest half-lives (T(1/2)) were measured in the seedbed samples under MT at 25 degrees C and -33cm water pressure head. We found that mouldboard ploughing under CT was responsible for the spatial variability of herbicide degradation properties, whereas under MT herbicide degradation was associated to the vertical distribution of organic matter.

The community of culturable cellulolytic bacteria was analyzed in two long-term experimental field sites on Albic Luvisol (silty sand) and Haplic Phaeozem (loam), with and without farmyard manure treatment. Against the backdrop of significant differences in soil properties, the bacterial community structure differed clearly between sites and was affected by manure application as analyzed by T-RFLP of 16S rDNA. The population densities of cellulolytic bacteria were significantly increased by manure application in Phaeozem. Cellulose decomposing potentials of 537 isolates were tested on soluble, colloidal, and crystalline cellulose. The results showed some evidence of a greater proportion of isolates with high decomposition activity in Luvisol, but no impact from manure application could be observed in both soils. Restriction analysis and sequencing of 16S rDNA of isolates revealed a rather simple community composition that was dominated by Streptomyces (67%). The composition of the RFLP groups was affected by manure application, which was most evident in Luvisol, whereas an effect of the soil type could not be found. Although abundant RFLP groups were assigned to phylogenetically different bacterial classes (Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria), cellulolytic activity could not consistently be differentiated. All in all, cellulolytic capabilities of the isolates were highly variable and did not map to phylogenetic affiliation.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth of Brassica chinensis L. in an acidic loamy soil amended with municipal biosolids with or without lime treatment (750 mg kg(-1)). The soil was amended with one of two municipal biosolids from Tai Po (TP) or Yuen Long (YL) wastewater treatment plants at application rates of 0, 5, 10, 25 and 50% (v/v). Initial NH(+)4-N and PO(3-)4-P concentrations in the amended soil increased with an increase in municipal biosolids loading rates and those with biosolids from TP had a greater increase in nutrients than those from YL. However, initial NO(-)3-N contents in both municipal biosolids amended soils decreased with an increase in biosolids loading rates, particularly for the soil amended with YL. Soluble K, Mg, Na and Ca concentrations in the soil increased with application rates. Municipal biosolids amended soil without lime treatment had higher NH(+)4-N, NO(-)3-N and major cation contents than those with lime. Addition of Tai Po municipal biosolids and lime significantly increased the dry weight yields of B. chinensis L., while YL municipal biosolids increased yields only at the 5% rate with lime amendment. The maximum growth was obtained at municipal biosolids application rates of 5 and 10% for TP and 5% for YL for limed soil. Addition of municipal biosolids increased the total N, P, Zn, Cr and major cation concentrations in the shoot tissue, while lime treatment reduced Zn and Cr contents. The high salt and metal concentrations would likely be factors inhibiting plant growth at high application rates, especially for YL biosolids. Further studies to determine the long-term effects of biosolid application on soil and crop quality are warranted.

Abstract Background The growing production and use of engineered AgNP in industry and private households make increasing concentrations of AgNP in the environment unavoidable. Although we already know the harmful effects of AgNP on pivotal bacterial driven soil functions, information about the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on the soil bacterial community structure is rare. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on major soil bacterial phyla in a loamy soil. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of 1 year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. Effects were quantified using the taxon-specific 16S rRNA qPCR. Results The short-term exposure of AgNP at environmentally relevant concentration of 0.01 mg AgNP/kg caused significant positive effects on Acidobacteria (44.0%), Actinobacteria (21.1%) and Bacteroidetes (14.6%), whereas beta-Proteobacteria population was minimized by 14.2% relative to the control (p ≤ 0.05). After 1 year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg diminished Acidobacteria (p = 0.007), Bacteroidetes (p = 0.005) and beta-Proteobacteria (p = 0.000) by 14.5, 10.1 and 13.9%, respectively. Actino- and alpha-Proteobacteria were statistically unaffected by AgNP treatments after 1-year exposure. Furthermore, a statistically significant regression and correlation analysis between silver toxicity and exposure time confirmed loamy soils as a sink for silver nanoparticles and their concomitant silver ions. Conclusions Even very low concentrations of AgNP may cause disadvantages for the autotrophic ammonia oxidation (nitrification), the organic carbon transformation and the chitin degradation in soils by exerting harmful effects on the liable bacterial phyla.

Soil and earthworms are threatened by anthropogenic contamination resulting from olive mill waste dumping on the soil due to their pollutant properties. While several studies have explored the effects of olive mill waste on soil properties and the accumulation of heavy metals in soil, there is currently a gap in the literature regarding the potential bioaccumulation of heavy metals from olive mill waste in earthworms. In this study, soil with earthworms from two ecological categories (endogeic: Aporrectodea trapezoides and epigeic: Eisenia fetida) was treated with increasing doses of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and olive mill pomace (OMP), applied individually or combined, in an indoor experiment in plastic containers, under laboratory conditions. The results revealed the presence of significant concentrations of heavy metals in the two types of wastes ranging as follows: Fe˃ Zn˃ Cu˃ Cd˃ Cr for OMWW, and Fe˃ Zn˃ Cu˃ Cr for OMP (with Cd below the detection limit). The study demonstrated distinct effects of OMWW and OMP, both individually and in combination, on soil heavy metal content, ranging as follows: soil OMWW > soil Combination > soil OMP for Cd; soil Combination > soil OMWW > soil OMP for Cr and Fe; and soil Combination > soil OMP > soil OMWW for Cu and Zn. Additionally, our investigation showed that both earthworm species exhibited significant uptake of these metals into their tissues, particularly the endogeic species. Interestingly, the most significant difference between species was in the accumulation of Cu, with the epigeic species accumulating significantly lower amounts., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Many studies have focused their attention on strategies to improve soil phytoremediation efficiency. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate whether Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES promote Cu-Cd-Cr uptake by ryegrass. To explore the effect mechanism of Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES, rhizosphere soil physiochemical properties and rhizosphere soil bacterial properties were determined further. The findings showed that Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES reduced 23.04% Cu, 36.85% Cd, and 9.85% Cr from the rhizosphere soil of ryegrass. Further analysis revealed that soil pH, organic matter, soil enzyme activities, and soil microbial properties were changed with Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES application. Notably, rhizosphere key taxa (Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, etc.) were significantly enriched in rhizosphere soil of ryegrass, and those taxa abundance were positively correlated with soil heavy metal contents (P < 0.01). Our study also demonstrated that in terms of explaining variations of soil Cu-Cd-Cr content under Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES treatment, soil enzyme activities (catalase and acid phosphatase) and soil microbe properties showed 42.5% and 12.2% contributions value, respectively. Overall, our study provided solid evidence again that Se and Bacillus proteolyticus SES facilitated phytoextraction of soil Cu-Cd-Cr, and elucidated the effect of soil key microorganism and chemical factor., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

There is a lack of comprehensive reviews tracking emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) within the soil-plant continuum using the source-pathway-receptor-impact-mitigation (SPRIM) framework. Therefore, this review examines existing literature to gain insights into the occurrence, behaviour, fate, health hazards, and strategies for mitigating EOCs within the soil-plant system. EOCs identified in the soil-plant system encompass endocrine-disrupting chemicals, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, plasticizers, gasoline additives, flame retardants, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Sources of EOCs in the soil-plant system include the land application of biosolids, wastewater, and solid wastes rich in EOCs. However, less-studied sources encompass plastics and atmospheric deposition. EOCs are transported from their sources to the soil-plant system and other receptors through human activities, wind-driven processes, and hydrological pathways. The behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs within the soil-plant system are discussed, including sorption, degradation, phase partitioning, (bio)transformation, biouptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation in plants. Factors governing the behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs in the soil-plant system include pH, redox potential, texture, temperature, and soil organic matter content. The review also discusses the environmental receptors of EOCs, including their exchange with other environmental compartments (aquatic and atmospheric), and interactions with soil organisms. The ecological health risks, human exposure via inhalation of particulate matter and consumption of contaminated food, and hazards associated with various EOCs in the soil-plant system are discussed. Various mitigation measures including removal technologies of EOCs in the soil are discussed. Finally, future research directions are presented., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

The manufacture of wind turbine blades generally uses balsa wood as the base materials, and it is crucial to explore new regions for cultivating balsa trees to achieve carbon neutrality in the future. Xishuangbanna may be China's only area with a tropical climate suitable for the large-scale planting of balsa trees. The present study investigated the key soil elements influencing the growth of balsa plantations and the effects of different cultivation practices on soil environments and economic benefits in Xishuangbanna, China. We found that the height of balsa stems after growing 4 years reached 5.8 m; the increment of diameter at breast height (DBH) reached 27.7 cm and volume of balsa stems reached 196.0 m 3  ha -1 in Xishuangbanna of China. It is of the utmost importance to improve the contents of soil exchangeable magnesium (Mg) and available phosphorus (P) for the growth of balsa trees, and exchangeable aluminium (Al) inhibited the growth of balsa trees. The practice of plastic film mulching not only improved soil moisture in the 40‒100-cm soil layer in the dry season and in the 0-60-cm soil layer in the rainy season but also enhanced soil nitrate nitrogen when compared with no plastic-mulching practice in balsa plantations. The comprehensive economic benefits of balsa/coriander/ginger/taro plantations were significantly improved by implementing plastic film mulching, as compared to balsa plantations. We conclude that balsa tree can be cultivated in Xishuangbanna, China, and its successful cultivation provides opportunities for China's wind power development., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Biochar addition strongly alters net carbon (C) balance in agroecosystems. However, the effects of biochar addition on net C balance of maize field under various irrigation water quantities and qualities remains unclear. Thus, a field experiment combining two irrigation levels of full (W1) and deficit irrigation (W2 = 1/2 W1), two water salinity levels of fresh (S0, 0.71 g L -1 ) and brackish water (S1, 4 g L -1 ), and two biochar addition rates of 0 t ha -1 (B0) and 60 t ha -1 (B1) was conducted to investigate soil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, maize C sequestration and C budget., Results: Compared with W1, W2 reduced average cumulative CO 2 emissions by 6.5% and 19.9% for 2020 and 2021, respectively. The average cumulative CO 2 emissions under W1S1 treatments were 5.4% and 22.3% lower than W1S0 for 2020 and 2021, respectively, whereas W2S0 and W2S1 had similar cumulative CO 2 emissions in both years. Biochar addition significantly increased cumulative CO 2 emissions by 17.8-23.5% for all water and salt treatments in 2020, and reduced average cumulative CO 2 emissions by 11.9% for W1 but enhanced it by 8.0% for W2 in 2021. Except for W2S1, biochar addition effectively increased total maize C sequestration by 6.9-14.8% for the other three treatments through ameliorating water and salt stress over the 2 years. Compared with W1S0, W1S1 did not affect net C sequestration, but W2 treatments significantly decreased it. Biochar addition increased net C sequestration by 39.47-43.65 t C ha -1 for four water and salt treatments for the 2 years., Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that biochar addition is an effective strategy to increase both crop C sequestration and soil C storage under suitable water-saving irrigation methods in arid regions with limited freshwater resources. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Background: Soil fertility decline due to nutrient mining coupled with low inorganic fertilizer usage is a major cause of low crop yields across sub-Saharan Africa. Recently, biochar potential to improve soil fertility has gained significant attention but there are limited studies on the use of biochar as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers. In this study, we determined the effect of maize stover biochar without inorganic fertilizers on soil chemical properties, growth and yield of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). A field experiment was conducted in 2022 for two consecutive seasons in Northern Uganda. The experiment included five treatments; inorganic fertilizer (control), biochar applied at rates of 3.5, 6.9, 13.8 and 27.6 t ha -1 ., Results: In this study, maize stover biochar improved all the soil chemical properties. Compared to the control, pH significantly increased by 27% in the 27.6 t ha -1 while total N increased by 35.6% in the 13.8 t ha -1 . Although P was significantly low in the 3.5 t ha -1 , 6.9 t ha -1 and 13.8 t ha -1 , it increased by 3.9% in the 27.6 t ha -1 . Exchangeable K was significantly increased by 42.7% and 56.7% in the 13.8 t ha -1 and 27.6 t ha -1 respectively. Exchangeable Ca and Mg were also higher in the biochar treatment than the control. Results also showed that plant height, shoot weight, and all yield parameters were significantly higher in the inorganic fertilizer treatment than in the 3.5, 6.9, and 13.8 t ha -1 treatments. Interestingly, maize stover biochar at 27. 6 t ha -1 increased fruit yield by 16.1% compared to the control suggesting it could be used as an alternative to inorganic fertilizer., Conclusions: Maize stover biochar applied at 27.6 t ha -1 improved soil chemical properties especially pH, N, P and K promoting growth and yield of tomatoes. Therefore, maize stover biochar could be recommended as an alternative to expensive inorganic fertilizers for tomato production in Northern Uganda., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

This study aimed to: (i) investigate the agronomic properties of biochars derived from selected invasive wetland weeds and (ii) examine the effect of biochar on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and stability of tropical Ultisol soil. The biochars were analyzed for proximate properties, surface characteristics, elemental composition, functional groups, and thermal and carbon stability. Plant growth studies supplemented with biochar under greenhouse conditions for 1 year were conducted. The SOC, its fractions, and its dynamics were studied. The biochar incorporation significantly increased the SOC and its stable fractions like mineral Organic Carbon (MOC), fine-particulate organic carbon (fPOC), and Non-labile Carbon (NLC) by 24.54-7.82, 5.79-2.0, and 9.50-2.16 g kg -1 than control. The labile carbon fractions like Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), and coarse-Particulate Organic Carbon (cPOC) showed a substantial reduction by 0.72-0.26 and 2.92-1.29 g kg -1 respectively. However, the easily oxidizable carbon (EOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content increased by 2.10-4.87 g kg -1 and 28.33-158.55 mg kg -1 respectively. The addition of biochars resulted in the stabilization of soil aggregates. Likewise, substantial CO 2 emission reduction (75.24-46.60%) has been achieved during the trials. The carbon pool management index (CPMI) values recorded a substantial increase of 40-7.2% between the trials. The findings imply that the inherent nature of weed biomasses determines the characteristics of the resulting biochar, and their application significantly influenced the carbon dynamics of the tropical Ultisol soil., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the soil environment have attracted considerable research attention. Previous studies mainly focused on agent-coated Ag NPs, which inevitably introduce additional disturbance of chemical agents to the intrinsic property of Ag NPs. We investigated the environmental effects induced by pure surfactant-free Ag NPs (SF-Ag NPs), including soil enzyme activities (urease, sucrase, phosphatase, and β-glucosidase), bacterial community structure, and functional profile, over different exposure periods in the present study. The results indicated that these enzymes, especially urease and phosphatases, exhibit different responses to SF-Ag NPs and are more susceptible to SF-Ag NPs than other enzymes. Surfactant-free Ag NPs can also induce a decrease in bacterial diversity and a change of bacterial community structure. The abundance of SF-Ag NPs in Proteobacteria increased, but decreased in Acidobacteria after 14 days of exposure. Moreover, the abundance of genus Cupriavidus was significantly higher than those of the respective controls. By contrast, SF-Ag NP exposure for 30 days could attenuate these negative effects. The phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) prediction revealed that SF-Ag NPs exert a negligible effect on bacterial function, thereby suggesting that functional redundancy is conduced to bacterial community tolerance to SF-Ag NPs. These findings will help us further understand the environmental toxicity of Ag NPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1685-1695. © 2023 SETAC., (© 2023 SETAC.)

Nitrogen fertilizer has considerable effects on soil carbon fluxes. However, the responses of soil CO 2 emission to N fertilizer remain controversial. A field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of application of N fertilizer on soil CO 2 emission in a maize (Zea mays L.) field in Northeast China. Soil CO 2 emission was measured from May 2010 to April 2016. Soil CO 2 emission during the growing season and non-growing season contributed 79.7-83.6% and 16.4-20.3%, respectively, to the total annual CO 2 emission. Cumulative annual soil CO 2 emissions were significantly higher in no-N addition treatment (CK) than that in N addition treatment (SU) from 2012/2013 to 2015/2016 (p < 0.05). Mean annual soil CO 2 emission decreased on averaged by 21.2% after N fertilization (p < 0.05). 49.6-82.2% of CO 2 flux variation was explained by soil temperature at 5 cm depth. Q 10 of soil CO 2 emission in the annual scale was not significantly affected by N fertilizer. The results highlight the importance of N fertilizer on soil CO 2 emission in agricultural ecosystem., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. The short term effects of AgNP were, in general, limited. However, after one year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass (quantified by extractable DNA; p  = 0.000) and bacterial ammonia oxidizers (quantified by amoA gene copy numbers; p  = 0.009). Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity (quantified by substrate turnover; p  = 0.014), and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms (quantified by nifH gene copy numbers; p  = 0.001). The results of the positive control with AgNO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag + ion release. Thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag + ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhibitors are widely considered an efficient tool for reducing nitrogen (N) loss and improving N use efficiency, but their effectiveness is highly variable across agroecosystems. In this study, we synthesized 182 studies (222 sites) worldwide to evaluate the impacts of inhibitors (urease inhibitors [UI], nitrification inhibitors [NI] and combined inhibitors) on crop yields and gaseous N loss (ammonia [NH 3 ] and nitrous oxide [N 2 O] emissions) and explored their responses to different management and environmental factors including inhibitor application timing, fertilization regime, cropping system, water management, soil properties and climatic conditions using subgroup meta-analysis, meta-regression and multivariate analyses. The UI were most effective in enhancing crop yields (by 5%) and reducing NH 3 volatilization (by 51%), whereas NI were most effective at reducing N 2 O emissions (by 49%). The application of UI mitigates NH 3 loss and increases crop yields especially in high NH 3 -N loss scenarios, whereas NI application would minimize the net N 2 O emissions and the resultant environmental impacts especially in low NH 3 -N loss scenarios. Alternatively, the combined application of UI and NI enables producers to balance crop production and environmental conservation goals without pollution tradeoffs. The inhibitor efficacy for decreasing gaseous N loss was dependent upon soil and climatic conditions and management practices. Notably, both meta-regression and multivariate analyses suggest that inhibitors provide a greater opportunity for reducing fertilizer N inputs in high-N-surplus systems and presumably favor crop yield enhancement under soil N deficiency situations. The pursuit of an improved understanding of the interactions between plant-soil-climate-management systems and different types of inhibitors should continue to optimize the effectiveness of inhibitors for reducing environmental losses while increasing productivity., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Microplastics are emerging contaminants and widely distributed in the environment. They are considered as a vector of numerous organic pollutants including antibiotics in aquatic environments and thereby influence their distribution and transport behaviors. However, the effects of microplastics on the environmental behavior of antibiotics in soils remain largely unclear. In this paper, the influence of polyamide (PA) microplastics on sorption and transport of the selected antibiotic [oxytetracycline (OTC)] in a sandy loamy soil was studied by performing batch and column experiments. Results show that PA microplastics increase the pH of reaction systems, which contributes to OTC sorption onto the tested soils. However, altering pH is not the key influencing mechanism because the overall sorption capacity decreases slightly after adding PA microplastics, which can be attributed to the dilution effect. Reduction of OTC sorption by adding microplastics promotes the migration of OTC in the tested soil, which could be demonstrated by the results of column experiments that the breakthrough of OTC occurs earlier with an increasing content of PA microplastics. According to the fitting parameters of HYDRUS−1D model, PA microplastics can affect the transport of OTC by altering the soil pore structure and dispersion coefficient. These results provide new insight into the interaction between microplastics and organic pollutants in soil environments. Image 1 • Influence of PA microplastics on sorption and transport of OTC in a sandy loamy soil was firstly studied. • PA microplastics in the soil slightly reduced the sorption of OTC. • The breakthrough of OTC occurred earlier with an increasing content of PA microplastics. • The influencing mechanisms of PA on the fate of OTC included dilution effect and altering soil properties. Capsule : PA microplastics can promote the transport of OTC in soil via inhibiting OTC sorption and changing soil properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being crucial for predicting the impact of source inputs on a watershed in rainfall events, an understanding of the dynamics and characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) export from the soil under particular land use types, particularly those associated with underground flows is still largely lacking. A field study was carried out using a 1500 m 2 slope farmland plot in the hilly area of Sichuan Basin, Southwest China. The discharge of surface runoff and fracture flow was recorded and samples were collected in four representative rainfall events. For DOM characterization, concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and absorbance/excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence were analyzed. Soil water potential was also determined using tensiometers for understanding the runoff generation mechanisms. The DOC values for both surface and fracture flow showed significant responses to rainfall, with hydrological path being the primary factor in determining DOM dynamics. EEM-PARAFAC analyses indicated that the soil DOM mainly consisted of two terrestrial humic-like components with peaks located at Ex/Em 270(380)/480 nm (C1) and 250(320)/410 nm (C2), respectively. Concentrations of these components also responded strongly to rainfall, fluctuating in good agreement with the corresponding DOCs. Although there was no change in the presence of the components themselves, their relative distributions varied during precipitation, with the C1/C2 ratio increasing with the proportion of soil pre-event water. As the dynamic changes of soil DOM characteristics can be successfully captured using spectroscopic techniques, they may serve as a tracer for understanding hydrological paths based on their potential correlations with water source differences during rains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, there is a high demand for bio-based soil stabilizers required for improving the strength properties of weak in situ soil. Microbes and microbial components such as Bacillus spp. have gained interest as soil stabilizers due to their production of spores, bio-enzymes, and bio-polymers. However, the current approach for any microlevel assessment of bio-additives and in situ soil improvement is limited. This paper provides data for microstructural evaluation of stabilized soil material for the postulation of the mode of action. In this study, the microbonding effect (i.e., bio-based cementation, bio-clogging, and soil particle bio-coating) is successfully observed within the various stabilizing prototypes, obtained from a novel Bacillus spp. using advanced methods, namely field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The results show that treated soil versus untreated soil properties are altered by the bio-additive/s stabilizing effect. These indicator tests provide data for further bio-stabilizer product prototype development and processes (i.e., improved products in terms of strength and moisture susceptibility). The use of microscopy and spectroscopy was sufficient for the preliminary selection of suitable candidates for soil stabilization., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

This study reports experimental results on detecting Brillouin precursors through loamy-soil dispersive media in the frequency range of 500 MHz to 3 GHz. An experimental technique to collect and analyze the data is presented. Brillouin precursors are shown to be superimposed on the sine-modulated rectangular and Gaussian pulses. The detected Brillouin precursor is shown to have an algebraic amplitude decay behavior through the wet loamy soil considered in this study. Further, a method is proposed to extract the complex dielectric permittivity of the soil from limited experimental data. The experimental results are validated using a theoretical Fast Fourier Transform-based formulation and the experimentally achieved complex dielectric permittivity. These results are also compared with those of using existing theoretical dielectric models. Three different tests are also applied to validate the hypothesis of Brillouin precursor formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ratio of soil organic carbon stock (SOC) to annual carbon input gives an estimate of the mean residence time of organic carbon that enters the soil (MRT OC ). It indicates how efficiently biomass can be transformed into SOC, which is of particular relevance for mitigating climate change by means of SOC storage. There have been few comprehensive studies of MRT OC and their drivers, and these have mainly been restricted to the global scale, on which climatic drivers dominate. This study used the unique combination of regional-scale cropland and grassland topsoil (0-30 cm) SOC stock data and average site-specific OC input data derived from the German Agricultural Soil Inventory to elucidate the main drivers of MRT OC . Explanatory variables related to OC input composition and other soil-forming factors were used to explain the variability in MRT OC by means of a machine-learning approach. On average, OC entering German agricultural topsoils had an MRT of 21.5 ± 11.6 years, with grasslands (29.0 ± 11.2 years, n = 465) having significantly higher MRT OC than croplands (19.4 ± 10.7, n = 1635). This was explained by the higher proportion of root-derived OC inputs in grassland soils, which was the most important variable for explaining MRT OC variability at a regional scale. Soil properties such as clay content, soil group, C:N ratio and groundwater level were also important, indicating that MRT OC is driven by a combination of site properties and OC input composition. However, the great importance of root-derived OC inputs indicated that MRT OC can be actively managed, with maximization of root biomass input to the soil being a straightforward means to extend the time that assimilated C remains in the soil and consequently also increase SOC stocks., (© 2021 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This study evaluated the combined effects of biochar and straw on N 2 O flux and the community compositions of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the maize season in an intensively farmed area in northern China. The experiment consisted of four treatments: (1) CK (only chemical fertilizer application); (2) C (biochar application); (3) SR (straw application to the field); and (4) C+SR (the application of both biochar and straw). The results indicated that during the maize growing season, N 2 O flux decreased by 30.3% in the C treatment and increased by 13.2% and 37.0% in the SR and C+SR treatments compared with CK, respectively. NO 3 - -N, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were the main soil factors affecting N 4 + -N, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were the main soil factors affecting N 2 O flux, and they were positively correlated with NO 3 - -N and negatively correlated with MBC in the C treatment and positively correlated with NH 4 -N, and MBC were the main soil factors affecting the denitrifier communities. The predominant species associated with the nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes were positively correlated with NO + -N in the SR and C+SR treatments. Both biochar addition and straw return shifted the community compositions of nitrifiers and denitrifiers. N 2 O production was mainly reduced by promoting the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) gene abundance and inhibiting the nirK gene abundance in the C treatment but promoted by inhibiting the AOB and nosZ gene abundances in the SR and C+SR treatments. Nitrosospira (AOB) and Rhizobium (nirK) were the main contributors among the treatments. NO 3 O production and reduction in biochar- and straw-amended soil under field conditions.- -N, NH 4 + -N, and MBC were the main soil factors affecting the denitrifier communities. The predominant species associated with the nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes were positively correlated with NO 3 - -N and MBC and negatively correlated with NH 4 + -N. These results provide valuable information on the mechanism of N 2 O production and reduction in biochar- and straw-amended soil under field conditions.

Heavy metal pollution is a serious problem in wetland ecosystems, and the toxicity of heavy metals affects microorganisms, thus influencing the biogeochemical process of nitrogen (N). To investigate the effects of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) pollution on N mineralization in urban constructed wetland soils of the Pearl River Delta, a 40-day aerobic incubation experiment was conducted under three Cd addition treatments [no Cd addition (control), low Cd addition (LCA) and high Cd addition (HCA)]. The results showed that compared with the control, the LCA treatment enhanced the soil N mineralization rate (R M ), while the HCA treatment inhibited R M , with the average R M values in the control treatment of 0.40 mg kg -1  day -1 , LCA treatments (0.66 mg kg -1  day -1 ), and HCA treatments (0.21 mg kg -1  day -1 ). The average ammonification rate values in the LCA treatments (- 3.15 to 2.25 mg kg -1  day -1 ) were higher than those in the HCA treatments (- 2.39 to 0.74 mg kg -1  day -1 ) and the control treatment (- 0.68 to 0.90 mg kg -1  day -1 ) (P < 0.05). However, the nitrification values in the HCA treatments (- 0.37 to 3.36 mg kg -1  day -1 ) were higher than those in the LCA treatments (0.42-1.93 mg kg -1  day -1 ) and the control treatment (0.20-1.45 mg kg -1  day -1 ) (P < 0.05). The net N mineralization accumulation generally increased over the entire incubation time in different Cd addition treatments. The percentage of NH 4 + -N to total inorganic N showed a decrease, while an increase was observed for NO 3 - -N over the incubation time. The urease activities were significantly inhibited in the LCA and HCA treatments and showed a "decreasing before increasing" trend. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) was higher in the two Cd addition treatments than the control treatment, and higher in the LCA treatments than in the HCA treatment. AOA was the dominant microorganism in the ammonia oxidation process of N mineralization in constructed wetland soils. The findings of this work indicate that Cd addition has a profound effect on the balance of N mineralization and may further impact the plant productivity and water quality of constructed wetlands.

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soil is essential for sustaining life on land. Plant roots play a crucial role in stabilising soil and minimising erosion, although these mechanisms are still not completely understood. Consequently, identifying and breeding for plant traits to enhance erosion resistance is challenging. Root hair mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana were studied using three different quantitative methods to isolate their effect on root-soil cohesion. We present compelling evidence that micro-scale interactions of root hairs with surrounding soil increase soil cohesion and reduce erosion. Arabidopsis seedlings with root hairs were more difficult to detach from soil, compost and sterile gel media than those with hairless roots, and it was 10-times harder to erode soil from roots with than without hairs. We also developed a model that can consistently predict the impact root hairs make to soil erosion resistance. Our study thus provides new insight into the mechanisms by which roots maintain soil stability.

Using a fast Fourier transform-based theoretical formulation as a starting point for a near-optimal waveform design, three near-optimal or pseudo-optimal pulses are empirically derived in this letter to achieve near-optimal penetration depth through the sample of loamy soil considered in this study. We describe three methods to derive these waveforms with improved features valid for any dispersive media: the first of them establishes a close approach of the Brillouin pulses; and the other two analyze structures that reinforce the Brillouin precursor formation to simultaneously achieve improved peak decay and reduced pulse broadening. The pulses are tested for experimental data achieved within a reduced range of frequency, 0.5–3 GHz, even that any theoretical dielectric model can be also used. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An extensive field survey was carried out from December 2021 to January 2022 for the collection of soil samples in the Western Ghat region of the Wayanad district of Kerala, India, to isolate potent novel mosquitocidal bacteria which could be used as efficient formulations to control mosquito vectors. Several bacterial colonies were isolated and screened, for mosquitocidal activity. Toxicity assay showed that only one bacterium isolated from forest loamy soil had promising larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus the lymphatic filariasis vector (LC50: 0.03mg L-1 and LC90: 0.07mg L-1) and moderate activity was shown against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (LC50:1.03 mg L-1 and LC90: 1.8 mg L-1). The bacterium was identified as Lysnibacillus fusiformis by a phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA genome sequencing. This is the first report that L. fusiformis isolated from the forest loamy soil of the Western Ghats, Kerala, which showed proficient mosquitocidal activity against disease-transmitting mosquito vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the role Pentaclethra macrophylla plays in the bioremediation of crude oilcontaminated soil in a controlled environment. Viable seeds P. macrophylla were planted in plant bags containing 3000 of clay-loamy soil to which varying amounts (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml) of crude oil were added. Plant growth parameters (plant heights, girths, number of leaves, nodulation and germination rate) and soil physicochemical parameters (pH, organic matter, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium phosphorous, and nitrogen) were determined using standard methods. Results showed that the germination rate of P. macrophylla reduced progressively, 68%, 68%, 52%, 47% and 38% in that order, with increasing concentrations of crude oil, 0 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml and 100 ml. A similar pattern was observed for plant height, 16 weeks after planting, with values 52.80cm, 43.50 cm, 42.60 cm, 42.50 cm and 35.80 cm in that order; 0.37 mm, 0.26 mm, 0.24 mm, 0.22 mm and 0.21 mm in that order for girth; 15, 10, 8, 8 and 2 in that order for number of nodules and 16.00, 14.00, 14.00, 11.00 and 8.00 in that order for number of leaves. The physicochemical characteristics of the soil decreased corresponding to the concentration of crude oil, from 0-100 ml. Nevertheless, the plant exhibited the capability to endure the suppressive effect of crude oil with recorded relative growth rates ranging from 0-0.23 and percentage growth suppression of 0.00% - 32.20%. Being a native nitrogen-fixing plant, P. macrophylla could be utilised for the bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil in the Niger Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited information on how plant functional traits vary with soil rock fragment content (RFC), especially for xerophytes growing in stony soils. We examined leaf functional traits of three xerophytes (Sophora davidii; Cotinus szechuanensi; and Artemisia vestita) grown under an RFC gradient in a heavy loamy soil. Our results show that photosynthetic capacity increased linearly with RFC in S. davidii, whereas unimodal patterns were observed for the other two species. The RFC that maximized photosynthetic capacity (A sat ) and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) were achieved by allocating more N to photosynthetic apparatus at the expense of cell walls. For C. szechuanensis, the increased fraction of photosynthetic N allocated to carboxylation (P C ) bioenergetics (P B ), and thylakoid light-harvesting components (P L ) together contributed to the higher A sat and PNUE values. As for S. davidii, both P C and P B mainly contributed to higher A sat and PNUE, whereas for A. vestita only P B was the main contributor. Our results suggest that increased non-capillary porosity of high RFC soil conditions through promoting the root growth of S. davidii and C. szechuanensis ensures sufficient water and N supply for photosynthetic capacity. In shallow-rooted species A. vestita, low RFC soil maintained higher nitrate N in the topsoil, enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity. We conclude that rock fragments promoted leaf photosynthetic capacity in the studied loamy soil system, but the promoting effect was species-specific. The results highlight the relevance of consideration of soil rock fraction in evaluation of photosynthetic behavior of xerophytes in heterogeneous rocky soils., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Optical fiber sensors are newly established gas pipeline leakage monitoring technologies with advantages, including high detection sensitivity to weak leaks and suitability for harsh environments. This work presents a systematic numerical study on the multi-physics propagation and coupling process of the leakage-included stress wave to the fiber under test (FUT) through the soil layer. The results indicate that the transmitted pressure amplitude (hence the axial stress acted on FUT) and the frequency response of the transient strain signal strongly depends on the types of soil. Furthermore, it is found that soil with a higher viscous resistance is more favorable to the propagation of spherical stress waves, allowing FUT to be installed at a longer distance from the pipeline, given the sensor detection limit. By setting the detection limit of the distributed acoustic sensor to 1 nε, the feasible range between FUT and the pipeline for clay, loamy soil and silty sand is numerically determined. The gas-leakage-included temperature variation by the Joule-Thomson effect is also analyzed. Results provide a quantitative criterion on the installation condition of distributed fiber sensors buried in soil for the great-demanding gas pipeline leakage monitoring applications.

We studied the features of PAHs extraction by QuEChERS in the sample preparation of soils and bottom sediments of various compositions followed their determination by gas chromatography–mass-spectrometry. The test samples were soils of sandy, loamy sand, loamy, and clayey types and bottom sediments of loamy sand type. The mineralogical composition and organic matter content of the samples were used to predict how PAHs were retained by the soils and sediments. The impact of ultrasonic treatment on analyte extraction with subsequent identification by chromatography was assessed. No ultrasonic treatment was required to extract and determine all PAHs (up to 100%) in sandy and loamy sand soils and low-molecular-weight PAHs in all test samples. The QuEChERS extraction and determination of high-molecular-weight PAHs in clay type soil samples and loamy sand bottom sediments required a 10-min ultrasonic treatment, while the recoveries of analytes were higher than 87 and 90%, respectively. The analysis of a loamy soil sample with a high organic matter content was the most challenging. To extract over 70% of high-molecular-weight PAHs from a sample of this type using the QuEChERS technique, the binary acetonitrile–acetone (1 : 1) extractant rather than conventional acetonitrile was used with the simultaneous 15-min ultrasonic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the results of ecological soil monitoring on the territories adjacent to agricultural storage facilities used for storing agrochemical plant protection products in the village of Vyshnivchyk, Ternopil region. The article is based on the study of the ecological monitoring of soil conditions on the territories adjacent to the areas where agrochemical plant protection products are stored. In most cases, these areas do not meet environmental and sanitary standards, posing a potential threat to the environment and the community's health. Inadequate storage conditions, which do not comply with the existing standards, release toxic residues from unused agrochemicals into the soil, water sources, and the air. Consequently, there is a risk of poisoning for both humans and animals. This study also includes an analysis of the composition of agrochemical substances from previous years on the territory of Vyshnivchyk village, Ternopil region (the territory of 'Denys K' Farm). A sheltered storage space near the village of Vyshnivchyk has been operating for more than 30 years. It was constructed in 1978 according to the standards of that time. Both bulk and liquid chemicals have been discharged into the quarry. The problem is further complicated because the landfill has no owner. It is unknown which specific toxic chemicals are present in the abandoned landfill. According to the accompanying documents, 465 tons of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), over 200 tons of hexachlorane, and 7 tons of mercury and arsenic substances have been accumulated there. According to the results of the conducted agrochemical survey, the soil is characterized by a weakly acidic reaction (soil type – leached chernozem (black soil), coarse-silty, light-loamy, soil pH = 5.9; humus content – 3.6 %). Due to wind and water diffusion (pollutant dispersion up to 30 meters from the storage was detected), agrochemicals near the storage facility had the following content: 2,4-D amine salt (0.35), simazine (0.01–0.05 mg/kg), HCH (0.02-0.14), DDT (0.03–0.10), no detected methaphos, but present in the composition (0.19), no detected trichlorfon, but present in the composition (0.10) mg/kg. The productivity and stability of the ecosystems are significantly disrupted within a radius of up to 50 meters from the storage facility site, which hurts the biogeochemical cycling of substances. Therefore, the low presence of plant protection chemical residues near the storage facility in the village of Vyshnivchyk can be attributed to the fact that these pesticides were initially stored in the adjusted facility. However, over time (since the warehouse was established in 1978, and the containers have deteriorated), they have migrated into the soil beyond the storage area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a high-voltage (HV) oscillatory square pulse was used to re-excite the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signal produced by a nanosecond laser on different loamy soil samples at two different temperatures: ambient and 400 °C. The optimal delay was found for each experimental scheme to maximize the emission signal-to-noise ratio. The detection limits of various contaminants in the soil were studied for different experimental configurations. It was found that the lowest detection limits were achieved by combining HV discharges with LIBS on heated samples, resulting in improvements of up to a factor of 7 compared to LIBS on room temperature samples. Plasma characterization shows that the increased detection sensitivity is due to the rise in plasma temperature and electron density with HV re-excitation, while an increase in removed matter contributes to the emission intensification observed when samples are heated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some steps of the soil nitrogen (N) cycle are sensitive to environmental pressures like soil moisture or contamination, which are expected to evolve during the next decades. Individual stresses have been well studied, but their combination is not yet documented. In this work, we aimed at assessing the importance of the soil moisture on the impact of copper (Cu) contaminations on the N cycling soil function using the potential nitrification activities (PNA) as bioindicator. A two-step experiment was performed. First, a loamy soil was incubated 5 weeks in either 30, 60, or 90% of its water holding capacity (WHC) or alternating drought and rewetting periods. Thereafter, soil samples were exposed to a gradient of Cu concentrations through a bioassay involving nitrification. The dose-response curves of PNA in function of added Cu were modeled to calculate the effective Cu concentrations, namely ECx with x being the percentage of PNA inhibition. These values were then compared between experimental conditions to highlight differences in threshold values. The preincubation moisture treatments significantly affected the PNA responses to the secondary Cu stress with, for instance, hormetic responses in all cases except for the dry-rewetting treatment. Small PNA inhibitions were estimated for high Cu doses in the soils with low water contents (30% WHC) or submitted to dry-rewetting cycles, contrarily to the patterns observed for the soils with high water contents (90% WHC) or submitted to a single period of drought. Overall, significant differences were found in estimated ECx values between moisture treatments., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This research is based on localmonitoring in 1994-2018 on reference plots of agricultural lands and materials of a large-scale agrochemical survey. The research examined the soils of the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk Region: ordinary chernozem low-power low-humus heavy loamy soil; meadow-chernozem medium-thick medium-humus heavy loamy soil; and solonetz meadow chernozemic deep low humus clay soil. It was found that almost the entire surveyed area of arable land in the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk Irtysh Land (98.1 %) had low mobile zinc availability with an average level of 0.85 mg/kg. 41.1% of arable land had low mobile manganese availability, 41.3% had medium and 17.6% had high availability; the weighted average was 13.0 mg/kg. Most of the arable land was characterized by a low degree of mobile copper content security (81.2%), while 18.3% of the land had soil with an average content, and only 0.5% of the land had high mobile copper content. The average concentration was 20.0 mg/kg. The soil levels of mobile molybdenum availability were as follows: 71.6% of land had medium availability, 26.5% had high, and only 1.9% had low; the weighted average concentration was 0.20 mg/kg. All soils had a high degree of mobile forms of boron, while the weighted average was 2.69 mg/kg of soil. 67.8% of the area had low mobile cobalt availability, 31.6% had average availability, and 0.5 % had high availability, with an average concentration of 0.16 mg/kg in the zone. The reference plots did not differ in terms of their content of mobile zinc, copper, and cobalt, ordinary chernozems, meadow chernozem soils, and deep solonetz. Movable connections of molybdenum, manganese, and boron in ordinary chernozem were lower than in meadow chernozem soil, and the maximum ones were observed in solonetz meadow chernozemic deep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]